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Ta rt ra quan h:
vi
Ch tch cc thun
Trong ch tch cc thun, vBE dng trong khong 0.6 n 0.8V cn vBC m. Ta c th b qua thnh phn Ta c
npn
pnp
Kiu phn cc n gin s dng mt ngun n du: (a) mch; (b) mch tng ng s dng nh l Thevenin
Ta c cho dng in IE t chu nh hng ca s thay i ca nhit (dn n s thay i ca VBE )v ca h s th ta chn
R B:
Nu chn RB nh s dn n tr khng vo ca mch khuch i nh. iu ny khng mong mun khi m mt b khuch i cn tr khng vo ln, tr khng ra nh ( d ghp tng cc b khuch i).
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M hnh vi tn hiu nh
(a) mch nguyn l m t hot ng ca BJT trong ch khuch i tn hiu nh. (b) mch (a) vi ngun vbe c loi b phn tch dc
Tip gip BE phn cc thun nh ngun VBE Tip gip CE phn cc ngc nh ngun VCC ni qua in tr RC in p cn khuch i vbe l xp chng vi VBE
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Dng collector
Ch phn cc, vbe = 0, khi
xp x tn hiu nh
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h dn
Mt cch chnh xc
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ch ng vi iu kin tn hiu nh
Hot ng tuyn tnh ca transistor di iu kin tn hiu nh: Mt tn hiu nh vbe vi dng sng tam gic c xp chng trn in p dc VBE. iu ny cng dn n mt dng ic thay i theo dng sng tam gic xp chng ln dng dc IC. y, ic = gm vbe vi gm l dc ca ng iC-vBE ti im phn cc Q
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Ta c th vit: vi
Thay biu thc gm ta c Ta c in tr base-emitter nhn t cc base, r
hay
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Dng v in tr vo emitter
Dng emitter iE
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Ta c quan h gia re v r
Hay
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H s khuch i in p
Chng ta c c th coi nh mch ngun dng iu khin bng in p c u ra in p, dng iC c chy qua mt in tr RC Ta c vi VC l in p phn cc dc
Ta c
H s khuch i
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Thnh phn dc c xc nh t ch phn cc. Nh vy xem xt hot ng ca tn hiu (thnh phn tn hiu nh) trong BJT, ta c th p dng quy tc: 1) Cc ngun p dc s c coi l ngn mch 2) Cc ngun dng dc s coi nh h mch
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Ch , vic thay th ny ch p dng xem xt s thay i ca cc dng in v in p tn hiu qua BJT. N khng phi l mt mch khuch i thc (tc l mch khng th hot ng nu khng c mch phn cc dc)
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M hnh hybrid-
Hai m hnh khc nhau ca m hnh hybrid-\pi cho hot ng tn hiu nh ca BJT. Mch tng ng (a) th hin BJT nh l mt ngun dng c iu khin bng in p Mch tng ng (b) th hin BJT nh mt ngun dng iu khin bng dng in
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M hnh (a):
M hnh (b)
Ch : Cc tham s ca cc m hnh trn c a ra ti mt im phn cc. Th hin l c gi tr gm, r ph thuc vo dng in IC phn cc
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M hnh T
Hai kiu khc nhau ca m hnh T ca BJT. (a) M hnh ngun dng iu khin bng in p. (b) M hnh ngun dng iu khin bng dng in. Hai m hnh ny th hin thng qua in tr re hn l in tr r nh trong m hnh hybrid-
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M hnh (a)
M hnh (b)
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Cc bc tin hnh phn tch mch khuch i tn hiu nh s dng BJT 1. Xc nh im lm vic tnh ca BJT bao gm dng in phn cc IC 2. Tnh cc gi tr cc tham s ca m hnh tn hiu nh: gm = IC/VT, r = /gm v re=VT/IE 1/gm 3. Loi b cc ngun dc: ngun p th ngn mch cn ngun dng th h mch. 4. Thay th BJT vi mt trong cc m hnh tng ng tnh hiu nh. Ty thuc vo cc mch c th vic s dng cc mch tng ng ph hp s thun tin cho vic phn tch mch. 5. Phn tch mch v tnh cc gi tr yu cu (h s khuch i in p, in tr vo)
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V d
Xc nh h s khuch i in p ca mch BJT cho trn hnh v, gi thit \beta = 100
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in p u ra
H s khuch i in p
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M hnh tn hiu nh hybrid ca BJT c tnh n hiu ng Early. Ch , y chng ta thay rbe bng r cho ph hp vi mt s k hiu thng c s dng trong cc sch.
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Cc thng s
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Cc mch tng ng
Vi cc thng s nh ngha nh trn, mt mch khuch i c th biu din di dng cc mch tng ng sau:
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Cc quan h
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Mch CE s dng ngun dng phn cc. to mt im t cho tn hiu tai E, mt t CE c s dng gi thit l ngn mch i vi cc tn s tn hiu, v h mch vi tn hiu dc. T CE c gi l t bypass. (thng c chn t vi F n vi chc F).
ngn cch thnh phn dc gia mch khuch i v ngun tn hiu, t CC1 c s dng. T CC1 s ch cho tn hiu xoay chiu ca ngun i qua, v chn tn hiu dc. T CC1 c gi l t coupling, t ghp tng u vo.
Tn hiu ti collector c vi ti RL thng qua t CC2. T ny c tc dng ngn thnh phn dc v ch cho thnh phn tn hiu i qua. Nh vy in p vc = vo.
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Mch tng ng
Ti u vo
vi rib l in tr vo ca base
Khi m E ni t (qua t bypass) th Nu chng ta chn RB >> r th
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h s khuch i p
in p t vo u input ca b khuch i l
Vi Ta c
h s khuch i t base n collector
Nu RB >> r th
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Nu Rsig >> r th h s khuch i ph thuc nhiu vo , iu ny l c tnh khng mong mun khi m h s ca BJT thay i trong mt phm vi ln gia cc BJT cng loi. Nu Rsig << r th ta c
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khuch i CE
Mch khuch i CE c cc c tnh:
C th cung cp h s khuch i dng, v khuch i p ln.
in tr vo nh, in tr ra ln (cc c tnh ny thng khng mong mun cho mt mch khuch i)
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Mch tng ng
y chng ta s dng m hnh tng ng tn hiu nh kiu T. cho n gin trong phn tch hot ng ca mch khuch i B chung, m hnh T s dng y khng c ro (trong thc t mch B chung s dng cc phn t ri th nh hng ca ro l khng ng k).
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h s khuch i p, dng
in tr vo:
in p ra vo
Vi dng in ie
H s k
H s k h mch, RL = 1 in tr ra ca mch
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h s khuch i dng
in p t vo k H s k t ngun n ti
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Khuch i CB
Mch CB c c tnh:
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Mch C chung
S dng m hnh tng ng tn hiu nh T vi ro ( y vic c in tr ro khng lm phc tp mch v ro c ni song song vi ti) (b) s tng ng tn hiu nh (c) s tng ng tn hiu nh c v li vi ro || RL
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h s k, in tr in-out
in tr vo t base: in tr vo H s k p t ngun n ti R vo ph thuc vo RL
h s nh hn 1.
Nu v
H s k khng ti, RL = 1
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khuch i CC
Mch k C chung c mt s tnh cht sau: 1. in tr vo ln, in tr ra nh. Tnh cht ny c s dng lm cc mch m u ra. 2. H s khuch i p gn 1 3. H s khuch i dng ln 4. V in p gia output v input ch sai khc bi thnh phn in p trn B v E, do mch cho php lm vic vi mt gii rng bin tn hiu u vo.
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