TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Li ni u

TCXDVN 286 : 2003 thay th mt phn cho mc 7 TCXD 79 : 1980.

TCXDVN 286 : 2003 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son, V Khoa
hc Cng ngh B Xy dng trnh duyt, B trng B Xy dng ban hnh theo
Quyt nh s:.....14...ngy: ...05...thng......6.... nm 2003

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

mc lc
1. Phm vi p dng ................................................................................................................................................ 4
2. Tiu chun vin dn .........................................................................................................................................4
3. Quy nh chung .................................................................................................................................................. 4
4. Vt liu cc ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Cc b tng ct thp ............................................................................................................................. 6
4.2 Cc thp ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
5. H cc bng ba ng v ba rung ...........................................................................................................8
6. H cc bng phng php p tnh ........................................................................................................... 16
7. Gim st v nghim thu ............................................................................................................................... 18
8. An ton lao ng ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Ph lc A - Nht k h cc ............................................................................................................................. 20
Ph lc B - H hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng ............................................................................. 26
Ph lc C - Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc BTCT khi ng ...................................................... 28
Ph lc D - Cu to m cc ............................................................................................................................ 35
Ph lc E - Biu ghi chi ng cc ....................................................................................................... 37

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

tiu chun xy dng vit nam

TcxdVN 286 : 2003

Sot xt ln 1

ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu

Pile driving and static jacking works - Standart for construction, check and acceptance

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu cng tc ng v p cc p dng cho cc cng
trnh xy dng thuc lnh vc xy dng, giao thng, thu li, thay th mt phn cho
mc 7: Mng cc v tng vy cc vn ca TCXD 79: 1980.
Nhng cng trnh c iu kin a cht cng trnh c bit nh vng c hang cc -t,
mi nghing, cng... m cha cp n trong tiu chun ny s c thi cng
v nghim thu theo yu cu ca Thit k, hoc do T vn ngh vi s chp thun
ca Ch u t.
2.

Tiu chun vin dn

TCVN 4453 : 1995: Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi - Quy phm thi
cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 205: 1998: Mng cc -Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 4091 : 1985 : Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng.

3. Quy nh chung
3.1

Cc thut ng v nh ngha
3.1.1 Cc ng l cc c h bng nng lng ng( va p, rung).
3.1.2 Cc p l cc c h bng nng lng tnh, khng gy nn xung lng ln u cc.
3.1.3 chi ca cc ng l ln ca cc di mt nht ba ng v 1 pht lm
vic ca ba rung.
3.1.4 Ti trng thit k l gi tr ti trng do Thit k d tnh tc dng ln cc.
3.1.5 Lc p nh nht (Pep) min l lc p do Thit k quy nh m bo ti trng
thit k ln cc, thng thng ly bng 150 200% ti trng thit k;
3.1.6 Lc p ln nht (Pep)max l lc p do Thit k quy nh, khng vt qu sc chu
ti ca vt liu cc; c tnh ton theo kt qu xuyn tnh, khi khng c kt qu ny
th thng ly bng 200 - 300% ti trng thit k.

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

3.2

Thi cng h cc cn tun theo bn v thit k thi cng, trong bao gm: d liu v
b tr cc cng trnh hin c v cng trnh ngm; ng cp in c ch dn su
lp t ng dy ti in v bin php bo v chng; danh mc cc my mc, thit
b; trnh t v tin thi cng; cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng v v sinh
mi trng; bn v b tr mt bng thi cng k c in n c v cc hng mc tm
thi phc v thi cng.
c y s liu cho thi cng mng cc, nht l trong iu kin a cht phc
tp, khi cn thit Nh thu phi tin hnh ng , p cc cc th v tin hnh th
nghim cc bng ti trng ng hoc ti trng tnh theo cng ca T vn hoc
Thit k ra.

3.3

Trc c nh v cc trc mng cn c tin hnh t cc mc chun theo ng quy

nh hin hnh. Mc nh v trc thng lm bng cc cc ng, nm cch trc ngoi
cng ca mng khng t hn 10 m. Trong bin bn bn giao mc nh v phi c s
b tr mc cng to ca chng cng nh cao ca cc mc chun dn t li
cao trnh thnh ph hoc quc gia. Vic nh v tng cc trong qu trnh thi cng phi
do cc trc c vin c kinh nghim tin hnh di s gim st ca k thut thi cng
cc pha Nh thu v trong cc cng trnh quan trng phi c T vn gim st kim
tra. chun ca li trc nh v phi thng xuyn c kim tra, c bit khi c
mt mc b chuyn dch th cn c kim t ra ngay. sai lch ca cc trc so vi
thit k khng c vt qu 1cm trn 100 m chiu di tuyn.

3.4

Chuyn ch, bo qun, nng dng cc vo v tr h cc phi tun th cc bin php

chng h hi cc. Khi chuyn ch cc b tng ct thp(BTCT) cng n h khi sp xp
xung bi tp kt phi c h con k bng g pha di cc mc cu. Nghim cm
vic ln hoc ko cc BTCT bng dy.

3.5

Cng tc chun b

3.5.1 Nh thu cn c vo h s thit k, yu cu ca Ch u t v iu kin mi trng

c th lp bin php thi cng cc trong nn lu lm r cc iu sau:
a) cng ngh thi cng ng/ p;
b) thit b d nh chn;
c) k hoch m bo cht lng, trong nu r trnh t h cc da theo iu kin
t nn, cch b tr i cc, s lng cc trong i, phn g php kim tra
thng ng, kim tra mi hn, cch o chi, bin php an ton v m bo v
sinh mi trng...;
d) d kin s c v cch x l;
e) tin thi cng....
3.5.2 Trc khi thi cng h cc cn tin hnh cc cng tc chun b sau y:
a) nghin cu iu kin a cht cng trnh v a cht thu vn, chiu dy, th nm
v c trng c l ca chng;
b) thm d kh nng c cc chng ngi di t c bin php loi b chng, s
c mt ca cng trnh ngm v cng trnh ln cn c bin php phng nga nh
hng xu n chng;
5

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

c) xem xt iu kin mi trng th ( ting n v chn ng) theo tiu chun mi

trng lin quan khi thi cng gn khu dn c v cng trnh c sn;
d) nghim thu mt bng thi cng;
e) lp li trc c nh v cc trc mng v to cc cc cn thi cng trn mt
bng;
f) kim tra chng ch xut xng ca cc;
g) kim tra kch thc thc t ca cc;
h) chuyn ch v sp xp cc trn mt bng thi cng;
i) nh du chia on ln thn cc theo chiu di cc;
k) t hp cc on cc trn mt t thnh cy cc theo thit k;
l) t my trc c theo di thng ng ca cc v o chi ca cc.
3.6
Hn ni cc on cc
3.6.1 Ch bt u hn ni cc on cc khi:
- kch thc cc bn m ng vi thit k;
- trc ca on cc c kim tra thng ng theo hai phng vung gc vi
nhau;
- b mt u hai on cc ni phi tip xc kht vi nhau.
3.6.2 ng hn mi ni cc phi m bo ng quy nh ca thit k v chu lc, khng
c c nhng khuyt tt sau y:
- kch thc ng hn sai lch so vi thit k;
- chiu cao hoc chiu rng ca mi hn khng ng u;
- ng hn khng thng, b mt mi hn b r, khng ngu, qu nhit, c chy
loang, ln x, b nt...
3.6.3 Ch c tip tc h cc khi kim tra mi ni h n khng c khuyt tt.
4. Vt liu cc
4.1

Cc b tng ct thp

4.1.1 Cc b tng ct thp c th l cc rng, tit din vnh khuyn ( c ly tm) hoc cc
c, tit din a gic u hoc vung ( c bng vn khun thng thng). B tng cc
phi m bo mc thit k, cc c nghim thu theo tiu chun TCVN 4453 : 1995
4.1.2 Kim tra cc ti ni sn xut gm cc khu sau y:
a) Vt liu :
- chng ch xut xng ca ct thp, xi mng; kt qu th nghim kim tra mu thp,
v ct liu ct, (si), xi mng, nc theo cc tiu chun hin hnh;
- cp phi b tng;
- kt qu th nghim mu b tng;
- ng knh ct thp chu lc;
- ng knh, bc ct ai;
- li thp tng cng v vnh thp b u cc;
- mi hn ct thp ch vo vnh thp;
6

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

- s ng u ca lp b tng bo v;
b) kch thc hnh hc :
- s cn xng ca ct thp trong tit din cc;
- kch thc tit din cc;
- vung gc ca tit din cc u cc vi trc;
- chm u n ca mi cc;
4.1.3 Khng dng cc on cc c sai lch v kch th c vt qu quy nh trong bng
1, v cc on cc c vt nt rng hn 0.2 mm. su vt nt gc khng qu 10
mm, tng din tch do lm, st gc v r t ong khng qu 5% tng din tch b mt
cc v khng qu tp trung.
Bng 1- sai lch cho php v k ch thc cc
TT
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

4.2

Kch thc cu to

sai lch cho php

Chiu di on cc, m
10
Kch thc cnh (ng knh ngoi) tit din ca
cc c (hoc rng gia)
Chiu di mi cc
cong ca cc (li hoc lm)
vng ca on cc
lch mi cc khi tm
Gc nghing ca mt u cc vi mt phng thng
gc trc cc:
- cc tit din a gic
- cc trn
Khong cch t tm mc treo n u on cc
lch ca mc treo so vi trc cc
Chiu dy ca lp b tng bo v
Bc ct thp xon hoc ct thp ai
Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp ch
ng knh cc rng
Chiu dy thnh l
Kch thc l rng so vi tim cc

30 mm
+ 5 mm
30 mm
10 mm
1/100 chiu di t cc
10 mm
nghing 1%
nghing 0.5%
50 mm
20 mm
5 mm
10 mm
10 mm
5 mm
5 mm
5 mm

Cc thp

4.2.1 Cc thp thng c ch to t thp ng hoc thp hnh cn nng. Chiu di cc

on cc chn theo kch thc ca khng gian thi cng cng nh kch thc v nng
lc ca thit b h cc.
4.2.2 Mt u cc on cc phi phng v vung gc vi trc cc, nghing khng qu
1%.
4.2.3 Chiu dy ca cc thp ly theo quy nh ca thit k thng bng chiu dy chu lc
theo tnh ton cng vi chiu dy chu n mn.
7

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

4.2.4 Trong trng hp cn thit c th thc hin lp bo v bng phun va xi mng mc

cao, cht do hoc phng php in ho.
4.2.5 Cc on cc thp c ni hn, chiu cao v chiu di ng hn phi tun theo
thit k.
5.
5.1

H cc bng ba ng v ba rung
Tu theo nng lc trang thit b hin c, iu kin a cht cng trnh, quy nh ca
Thit k v chiu su h cc v chi quy nh Nh thu c th la chn thit b h
cc ph hp. Nguyn tc la chn ba nh sau:
a) c nng lng h cc n chiu su thit k vi chi quy nh trong thit
k, xuyn qua cc lp t dy k c tng kp cng;
b) gy nn ng sut ng khng ln hn ng sut ng cho php ca cc hn ch
kh nng gy nt cc;
c) tng s nht p hoc tng thi gian h cc lin tc khng c vt qu gi tr
khng ch trong thit k ngn nga hin tng cc b mi;
d) chi ca cc khng nn qu nh c th lm hng u ba.

5.2

La chn ba ng cc theo kh nng chu ti ca cc trong thit k v trng lng

cc. Nng lng cn thit ti thiu ca nht ba p E c xc nh theo cng thc:
E = 1.75 a P
trong :

(1)

E - Nng lng p ca ba, kGm;

a - h s bng 25 kG.m/tn
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc, tn, quy nh trong thit k.

Loi ba c chn vi nng lng nht p E tt phi tho mn iu kin:

Q
trong :

tt

(2)

k - h s quy nh trong bng 2;

Qn - trng lng ton phn ca ba, kG;
q - trng lng cc (gm c trng lng m v m u cc), kG

i vi ba i--zen, gi tr tnh ton nng lng p ly bng:

i vi ba ng

Ett = 0.9 QH

i vi ba cn

Ett = 0.4 QH

Q - trng lng phn p ca ba, kG;

H - chiu cao ri thc t phn p ba khi ng giai on cui, i vi ba
ng H= 2.8 m; i vi ba cn c trng lng phn p l 1250, 1800 v 2500
kG th H tng ng l 1.7; 2 v 2.2 m.

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Bng 2- H s chn ba ng
Loi ba
Ba i--zen kiu ng v song ng
Ba n ng v i--zen kiu cn
Ba treo

H s k
6
5
3

Ch thch: Khi h cc bng phng php xi nc th cc h s ni trn c tng thm 1.5.

5.3

Khi cn phi ng xuyn qua cc lp t cht nn dng cc ba c nng lng p

ln hn cc tr s tnh ton theo cc cng thc (1) v (2), hoc c th dng bin php
khoan dn trc khi ng hoc bin php xi nc.
Khi chn ba ng cc xin nn tng nng lng p tnh theo cng thc (1) vi
h s k1 cho trong bng 3.
Bng 3- H s chn ba ng cc xin

5.4

nghing ca cc
H s k 1
5:1
1.1
4:1
1.15
3:1
1.25
2:1
1.4
1:1
1.7
Loi ba rung h cc chn theo t s K 0 / Qt tu thuc vo iu kin t nn v chiu
su h cc.
K0 - m men lch tm, T.cm;
Qt - trng lng ton phn gm trng lng cc, ba rung v m u cc, tn.
Gi tr ca t s ny khi dng ba rung vi tc quay bnh lch tm 300 500 vng/
pht khng c nh hn tr s cho trong bng 4.
Bng 4 -T s K 0 / Qt
Tnh cht t m
cc xuyn qua

Phng php h

Ct no nc, bn, st do
mm v do chy
Ct m, t st, st do
mm, cng
St cng, na cng, ct, si,
sn

Khng xi nc v ly t ra
khi cc
Xi nc tun hon v ly t
khi lng cc ng
Xi nc v ly t khi lng
cc thp hn c mi cc

K0/Qt khi su h cc
< 15 m
>15 m
0.80

1.0

1.10

1.30

1.30

1.60

Ch thch: Khi chn ba rung h cc ng c ng knh ln hn 1.2 m nn u tin cho cc my

c l thot a t t trong lng cc ng ra ngoi m khng phi tho lp my. Trong trng
hp cn rung h cc cc ng knh ln nn dng hai ba rung ghp i ng b trn mt trung
chuyn; khi cc gi tr K 0 v Qt phi l tng cc ch tiu tng ng ca hai ba rung.

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

5.5

Khi rung h cc trn rng hoc cc dng tm cn c cc bin php chng kh nng
xut hin cc vt nt hoc h hng cc:
- trnh s tng p sut khng kh trong lng cc do y kht nn dng chp u cc
c cc l hng c tng din tch khng t hn 0.5% din tch tit din ngang ca cc;
- trnh sinh ra p lc thu ng nguy him ca nc trong t lng cc c th gy
nt rn cc-ng BTCT phi c bin php ht nc hoc truyn khng kh.
c th d bo trc nhng h hng c th xy ra khi rung h cc - ng nn dng
thit b o gia tc, trong trng hp khng c thit b th tin hnh quan st mc
tiu tn cng sut ba ( hoc in nng) v bin giao ng ca cc. Nu thy cng
sut ba v bin giao ng c a cc tng, lin kt ba rung v u cc vn kht m
tc h cc li b gim th chng t mi cc gp chng ngi; khi cn dng
my, tm cch loi b chng ngi bng cch ly t lng cc v bm ra y cc.
Khi rung h cc trong ct v ct gi ai on cui th nn gim tn s v rung cc trong
khong 710 pht su thit k lm cht t trong lng v xung quanh cc.

5.6

Khi rung h cc bnh thng tc l cc thng s ba rung n nh, cc khng gp

chng ngi th theo s tng tin ca chiu su, tc h cc, bin giao ng v
cng sut my s b gim do ma st bn ca cc tng dn. tng chiu su h cc
nn tng cng sut ng c cho n cng sut thit k. Khi tc h cc gim ti 2 -5
cm/ pht v bin giao ng khong 5mm th c c s kh xung tip; cn phi tin
hnh xi nc hoc ly t lng cc cng vi vic chy ht cng sut ng c.

5.7

Khi ng cc bng ba phi dng m cc v m g ph hp vi tit din ngang ca cc.

Cc khe h gia mt bn ca cc v thnh m cc mi bn khng nn vt qu 1 cm.
Cn phi sit cht cng ba rung h cc vi cc.
Khi ni cc on cc trn rng v cc -ng phi m bo ng tm ca chng.
Khi cn thit phi dng b g c nh v thit b dn hng tng chnh xc.
Khi thi cng cc vng sng nc nn tin hnh khi sng khng cao hn cp 2. Cc
phng tin ni cn c neo gi chc chn.

5.8

Trong qu trnh h cc cn ghi chp nht k theo mu in sn (c th xem ph lc A).

ng 520 cc u tin cc im khc nhau trn khu vc xy dng phi tin hnh
cn thn c ghi chp s nht ba cho tng mt chiu su v ly chi cho lot ba
cui cng. Nh thu nn dng th nghim phn tch sng ng sut trong cc( PDA)
kim tra vic la chn ba v kh nng ng ca ba trong cc iu kin xc nh(
t nn, ba, cc...)

5.9

Vo cui qu trnh ng cc khi chi gn t ti tr s thit k th vic ng cc

bng ba n ng phi tin hnh tng nht d theo di chi cho mi nht; khi
ng bng ba hi song ng cn phi o ln ca cc, tn s p ca ba v p
lc hi cho tng pht; khi dng ba di --zen th chi c xc nh t tr trung
bnh ca lot 10 nht sau cng.
Cc khng t chi thit k th cn phi ng b kim tra sau khi c ngh
theo quy nh. Trong trung h p chi khi ng kim tra vn ln hn chi thit

10

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

k th T vn v Thit k nn cho tin hnh th tnh cc v hiu chnh li mt phn

hoc ton b thit k mng cc.
5.10

Trong giai on u khi ng cc bng ba n ng nn ghi s nht ba v cao

ri ba trung bnh cc i c 1m; khi dng ba hi th ghi p lc hi trung bnh
v thi gian cc i c 1m v tn s nht p trong mt pht. chi phi o vi
chnh xc ti 1mm.
chi kim tra c o cho 3 lot ba cui cng. i vi ba n v ba i--zen
th mt lot l 10 nht; i vi ba hi th mt lot l s nht ba trong thi gian 2
pht; i vi ba rung 1 lot cng l thi gian ba lm vic trong 2 pht.
Thi gian ngh ca cc trc khi ng kim tra ph thuc vo tnh cht cc l p t
xung quanh v di mi cc nhng khng nh hn:
a) 3 ngy khi ng qua t ct;
b) 6 ngy khi ng qua t st.

5.11

Trong trng hp khi thi cng thay i cc thng s ca ba hoc cc c ch

dn trong thit k th chi d, e, lc ng hoc ng kim tra phi tho mn
iu kin:

nFEtt
Q 2 (qq1)
. T
kP kP
QT qq1
nF
M M

(3)

Nu chi d ,e, nh hn 0.2 cm( vi iu kin l ba dng ng ph hp vi

yu cu iu 4.1), th chi ton phn( bng tng chi n hi v chi d)
phi tho mn iu kin:
2E tt
ec

Q
kPc
Qq

kP n 0 n
kP 2

4 F

Q
2g ( H h )

Qq

(4)

Trong cc cng thc trn:

e - chi d, cm, bng ln ca cc do mt nht ba ng v 1 pht lm
vic ca ba rung;
c - chi n hi( chuyn v n hi ca t v cc), cm, c xc nh bng
dng c o chi;
n - h s tra theo bng 5, T/ m 2;
Bng 5 - H s n
Loi cc
Cc BTCT c m
Cc thp c m

H s n (T/m 2)
150
500
11

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

F - din tch theo chu vi ngoi ca cc c hoc rng( khng ph thuc vo

cc c hay khng c mi nhn), m 2;
Ett - nng lng tnh ton ca nht p, tn.cm, ly theo iu 2.1 cho ba i -zen, ba treo v ba n ng ly bng QH, khi dng ba hi song ng ly
theo l lch my, i vi ba rung ly theo nng lng nht p quy i, cho
trong bng 6;
Bng 6 - Nng lng quy i
Lc cng bc
(tn)
Nng lng nht
p quy i(T.cm)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

450

900

1300

1750

2200

2650

3100

3500

Q - trng lng phn p ca ba, T;

H - chiu cao ri thc t phn p ca ba, cm;
k - h s an ton v t, ly k= 1.4 trong cng thc(3) v k= 1.25 trong cng
thc (4); cn trong xy dng cu khi s lng cc trong tr ln hn 20 th k =
1.4, t 11 20 cc th k = 1.6, t 6 10 cc th k = 1.65, t 1 5 cc th k =
1.75;
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc theo thit k, T;
M - h s ly bng 1 cho ba ng v theo bng 7 cho ba rung;
QT - trng lng ton phn ca ba hoc ba rung, T;
- h s phc hi va p, ly 2 = 0.2 khi ng cc BTCT v cc thp c dng
m cc m g, cn khi dng ba r ung th 2 = 0;
q - trng lng cc v m cc, T;
q1 - trng lng cc m, tn; khi dng ba rung q 1 = 0;
h - chiu cao cho ba i--zen h = 50cm, cc loi khc h = 0;
- din tch mt bn ca cc, m 2;
n0 v n - cc h s chuyn i t sc khng ng c a t sang sc khng tnh,
n = 0.25 giy.m/ tn; n 0 = 0.0025 giy.m/ tn;
g - gia tc trng trng( g = 9.81m/ gy 2)
Khi tnh theo cng thc ng Hilley rt gn th chi c th kim tra theo cng
thc:

ef HWr
0.5 e0
Qu

(4a)

e - chi ca cc( tnh trung bnh cho 20 cm cui cng), m;

ef - hiu sut c hc ca ba ng cc; mt s gi tr c kin ngh nh sau:
12

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

- ba ri t do iu khin t ng, e f = 0.8

- ba i--zen, e f = 0.8
- ba ri t do nng bng cp ti, e f = 0.4
- ba hi n ng, e f = 0.6;
Bng 7: H s M
Loi t di mi cc
Si sn c ln ct
Ct: - ht trung v th
- ht nh cht va
- ct bi cht va
ct do, st v st cng
st v st - na cng
st v st - do cng

H s M
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7

Ch thch: Khi ct cht gi tr h s M c tng thm 60%

H - chiu cao ri ba, m;

Wr - trng lng ca ba ng, T;

e0

2 e f HW r L
FE

Qu - kh nng mang ti cc hn ca cc, thng thng ly vi h s an ton F s 3

Lp - chiu di cc, m;
F - din tch tit din cc, m 2
Ee - m un n hi ca vt liu cc, T/ m 2.
5.12

Nu trong thit k mng cc ng c quy nh tm bin giao ng khi sp dng

rung cc th bin dao ng cc cc - ng ng knh ngoi n 2m, vi tc h
cc t 2 n 20 cm trong 1 pht c tnh theo cng thc:

153 ( 0 . 85 N n N x )
P

nv
Qv
0 .7

(5)

trong :
A - bin ly bng 1 /2 lc ton phn ca giao ng nhng pht cui
trc lc dng rung, cm;
13

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Nn - cng sut hu hiu ton phn giai on cui, KW;

Nx - cng sut vn hnh khng ti, i vi ba rung tn s thp, ly bng 25%
cng sut thuyt minh ca ng c in, KW;
nv - tc quay ca b lch trong ba rung, vng / pht;
P - kh nng chu ti ca c c - ng, T;
- h s ph thuc vo t s gia sc khng ng v sc khng tnh ca t,
cho trong bng 8 v bng 9;
Qv - trng lng ca h thng rung, bng tng trng lng ca ba rung v
chp u cc.
Bng 8 - H s cho ct
H s cho t ct

Tn t
Th

Va

Nh

Ct no nc

4.5

5.0

6.0

Ct m

3.5

4.0

5.0

Bng 9: H s cho st
H s cho t st khi st

Tn t
IL > 0.75

0.5<I L 0.75

0.25<I L 0.5

st, ct

4.0

3.0

2.5

St

3.0

2.2

2.0

Khi c nhiu lp t th xc nh theo cng thc:

h
h
i

(6)
trong :

i - h s ca lp th i;
hi - chiu dy ca lp th i, m.

5.13

14

Khi rung h cc trn v cc - ng, khng ta vo v na , m bo kh nng

mang ti ca cc, P, cn rung h on cui sao cho bin dao ng thc t A
khng vt qu bin tnh ton A tt theo v phi ca cng thc (5). Nu A > A tt
chng t sc khng ca t cha t yu cu, cn phi tip tc rung h cho ti khi
tho mn cng thc nu trn th mi m bo kh nng mang ti ca cc.

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Gi tr ca n v nu khng c thit b o th ly theo thng s trong l lch ba rung.

C th dng cc loi my trc c o bin dao ng, hoc dng cc thit b t
ghi. Trong trng hp khng c t hit b o th c th dng cch v ng ngang tht
nhanh ln giy k dn sn vo thn cc, s thu c ng cong dao ng. Ni
cc nh trn v nh di thnh ng gp khc, o chiu cao ln nht vi chnh
xc ti 0.1 cm ta thu c lc ca dao ng chnh bng 2 ln bin dao ng
cn tm.
5.14

Tr s ca cc h s trong cc bng 7 v 8 nn chun xc li theo kt qu nn tnh

cc th. Sau khi rung h cc v nn tnh cho ta kh nng chu ti ca cc P th h s
cho iu kin t nn thc t c tnh theo cng thc:

1 .43 P
153 ( 0 .85 N n N x )
QV
An v

(7)

Cc thng s ca qu trnh rung ly nh phn trn.

5.15

Ch cho php dng xi nc h cc nhng ni cch xa nh v cng trnh hin c

trn 20 m. gim p sut, lu lng nc v cng sut my bm, cn phi kt hp
xi nc vi ng hoc p cc bng u ba. Khi cn xi nc trong ct v ct
su hn 20m phi km theo bm kh nn khong 2 3 m3 / pht vo vng xi nc.
i vi cc v cc ng c ng knh nh hn 1m th cho php dng mt ng xi t
gia tit din. i vi cc cc ng ng knh ln hn 1m th nn t cc ng xi
theo chu vi cc ng cch nhau 1 1.5 m.
Khi h cc n mt cui cng th ngng vic xi nc, tip tc ng hoc rung h
cc cho n khi t chi thit k m bo kh nng chu ti ca cc.
Nn p dng bin php xi nc khi h cc trong t ct.

5.16

Cc ng xi nc phi c u phun hnh nn. t c hiu qu xi ln nht th

ng knh u phun nn chim khong 0.4 0.45 ng knh trong ca ng xi.
Khi cn tng tc h cc th ngoi u phun chnh tm cn lm thm cc l phun
nghing 30 0 n 40 0 so vi phng ng xung quanh ng xi. ng knh cc l
ny t 6 mm n 10 mm. p lc nc cn thit, lu lng nc tu theo ng knh,
chiu su cc v loi t c th tham kho trong bng 10.

15

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Loi t
Bn, ct chy
Ct mn, bi, chy, bn
do chy, do mm

Bng 10-p lc nc xi
Ct p ti ng knh trong(mm)/ lu lng
vi phun
(lt/pht) cho cc ng knh,cm
Chiu su
(m)
(T/m2)
30- 50
50- 70
37
50
5 - 15
4-8
400 1000
1000 1500
15 - 25

8 - 10

6 - 10

106
2000 3000
68
1500 2000

10 - 15

80
1500 2500

106
2000 3000

106
2500 3000

106 131
2500 4000

25 - 35

10 - 15

Ct ht trung, th
v ln si

5 - 15

ct do

15 - 25
25- 35

80
1500 2000

80
1500 2500
50
1000 1500

St v st

st v st do cng

68
1000 1500

- 20

Ch thch: Khi ng b cc cc di, tn dng cng sut ba th sau khi ngng xi nc chnh
tm, nn xi tip thm pha ngoi phn trn ca cc. C th dng hai ng xi ng knh trong t
50mm n 68mm.

6. H cc bng phng php p tnh

6.1
La chn thit b p cc cn tho mn cc yu cu sau:

6.2

6.3
16

- cng sut ca thit b khng nh hn 1.4 ln lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;

- lc p ca thit b phi m bo tc dng ng dc trc tm cc khi p t nh cc
v tc dng u ln cc mt bn cc khi p m, khng gy ra lc n gang ln cc;
- thit b phi c chng ch kim nh thi hiu v ng h o p v cc van du cng
bng hiu chnh kch do c quan c thm quyn cp;
- thit b p cc phi m bo iu kin vn hnh v an ton lao ng khi thi cng.
La chn h phn lc cho cng tc p cc ph thuc vo c im hin trng, c
im cng trnh, c im a cht cng trnh, nng lc ca thit b p. C th to ra
h phn lc bng neo xun cht trong lng t, hoc dn cht ti bng vt nng trn
mt t khi tin hnh p trc, hoc t sn cc neo trong mng cng trnh dng
trng lng cng trnh lm h phn lc trong phng php p sau. Trong mi trng
hp tng trng lng h phn lc khng nn nh hn 1.1 ln lc p ln nht do thit
k quy nh.
Thi im bt u p cc khi phi dng trng lng cng trnh lm phn lc (p sau)
phi c thit k quy nh ph thuc vo kt cu cng trnh, tng ti trng lm h

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

phn lc hin c v bin bn nghim thu phn i cc c l ch cc v h neo chn

sn theo cc quy nh v nghim thu kt cu BTCT hin hnh.
6.4

6.5

6.6

Kim tra nh v v thng bng ca thit b p cc gm cc khu:

- trc ca thit b to lc phi trng vi tim cc;
- mt phng cng tc ca sn my p phi nm ngang phng ( c th kim ta bng
thu chun ni v);
- phng nn ca thit b to lc phi l phng thng ng, vung gc vi sn
cng tc;
- chy th my kim tra n nh ca ton h thng bng cch gia ti khong
10 15% ti trng thit k ca cc.
on mi cc cn c lp dng cn thn, kim tra theo hai phng vung gc sao cho
lch tm khng qu 10 mm. Lc tc dng ln cc cn tng t t sao cho tc xuyn
khng qu 1cm/s. Khi pht hin cc b nghing phi dng p cn chnh li.
p cc on cc tip theo gm cc bc sau:
a) kim tra b mt hai u on cc, sa cha cho tht phng; kim tra chi tit mi
ni; lp dng on cc vo v tr p sao cho trc tm on cc trng vi trc on
mi cc, nghing so vi phng thng ng khng qu 1%;
b) gia ti ln cc khong 10 15% ti trng thit k sut trong thi gian hn ni to
tip xc gia hai b mt b tng; tin hnh hn ni theo quy nh trong thit k.
c) tng dn lc p cc on cc xuyn vo t vi vn tc khng qu 2cm/s;
d) khng nn dng mi cc trong t st do cng qu lu( do h n ni hoc do thi
gian cui ca p...).

6.7

Khi lc nn b tng t ngt, c th gp mt trong cc hin tng sau:

6.8

- mi cc xuyn vo lp t cng hn;

- mi cc gp d vt;
- cc b xin, mi cc t vo g ni ca cc bn cnh.
Trong cc trung hp c n phi tm bin php x l thch hp, c th l mt trong
cc cch sau:
- cc nghing qu quy nh, cc b v phi nh ln p li hoc p b sung cc mi
(do thit k ch nh)
- khi gp d vt, va ct cht hoc st cng c th dng cch khoan dn hoc x i nc
nh ng cc;
Cc c cng nhn l p xong khi tho mn ng thi hai iu kin sau y:
a) chiu di cc p vo t nn trong khong L min Lc Lmax,
trong : L min , Lmax l chiu di ngn nht v di nht ca cc c thit k d bo
theo tnh hnh bin ng ca nn t trong khu vc, m;
Lc l chiu di cc h vo trong t so vi ct thit k;
e) lc p trc khi dng trong khong (P ep) min (Pep)KT (Pep)max
17

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

trong : (P ep) min l lc p nh nht do thit k quy nh;

(P ep)max l lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;
(P ep)KT l lc p ti thi im kt thc p cc, tr s ny c duy tr vi vn
tc xuyn khng qu 1cm/s trn chiu su khng t hn ba ln ng knh ( hoc
cnh) cc.
Trong trng hp khng t hai iu kin trn, Nh thu phi bo cho Thit k c
bin php x l.
6.9

Vic ghi chp lc p theo nht k p cc nn tin hnh cho tng m chiu di cc cho
ti khi t ti (P ep) min, bt u t su ny nn ghi cho tng 20 cm cho t i khi kt
thc, hoc theo yu cu c th ca T vn, Thit k.

6.10

i vi cc p sau, cng tc nghim thu i cc v kho u cc tin hnh theo tiu

chun thi cng v nghim thu cng tc b tng v b tng ct thp hin hnh.

8. Gim st v nghim thu

8.1

Nh thu phi c k thut vin thng xuyn theo di cng tc h cc, ghi chp nht
k h cc. T vn gim st hoc i din Ch u t nn cng Nh thu nghim thu
theo cc quy nh v dng h cc nu phn trn cho tng cc ti hin trng, lp
bin bn nghim thu theo mu in sn ( xem ph lc). Trong trng hp c cc s c
hoc cc b h hng Nh thu phi bo cho Thit k c bin php x l thch hp;
cc s c cn c gii quyt ngay khi ang ng i tr, khi nghim thu ch cn c
vo cc h s hp l, khng c vn cn tranh chp.

8.2

Khi ng cc n su thit k m cha t chi quy nh th Nh thu phi

kim tra li quy trnh ng cc ca mnh, c th cc b xin hoc b gy, cn tin
hnh ng b sau khi cc c ngh v cc th nghim kim tra nguyn vn ca
cc ( th nghim PIT) v th nghim phn tch sng ng sut (PDA) xc nh
nguyn nhn, bo Thit k c bin php x l.

8.3

Khi ng cc t chi quy nh m cc cha t su thit k th c th cc

gp chng ngi, iu kin a cht cng trnh thay i, t nn b y tri..., Nh
thu cn xc nh r nguyn nhn c bin php khc phc.

8.4

Nghim thu cng tc thi cng cc tin hnh da trn c s cc h s sau:

a) h s thit k dc duyt;
b) bin bn nghim thu trc c nh v trc mng cc;
c) chng ch xut xng ca cc theo cc iu khon nu trong phn 3 v cc
thng phm;
d) nht k h cc v bin bn nghim thu tng cc;
e) h s hon cng cc c thuyt minh sai lch theo mt bng v chiu su cng cc
cc b sung v cc thay i thit k c chp thun;
f) cc kt qu th nghim ng cc ng( o chi v th nghim PDA nu c);
g) cc kt qu th nghim kim tra ton khi ca cy cc - th nghim bin dng
nh PIT theo quy nh ca Thit k;
h) cc kt qu th nghim nn t nh cc.

18

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

8.5

lch so vi v tr thit k ca trc cc trn mt bng khng c vt qu tr s

nu trong bng 11 hoc ghi trong thit k.
8.6
Nh thu cn t chc quan trc trong khi thi cng h cc( i vi bn thn cc,
tri ca cc cc ln cn v mt t, cc cng trnh xung quanh...).
8.7
Nghim thu cng tc ng v p cc tin hnh theo TCVN 4091 : 1985. H s
nghim thu c lu gi trong sut tui th thit k ca cng trnh.
8. An ton lao ng
8.1

Khi thi cng cc phi thc hin mi quy nh v an ton lao ng v m bo v sinh
mi trng theo ng cc quy nh hin hnh.

8.2

Trong p cc, on cc mi bng thp phi c u chp. Phi c bin php an ton
khi dng hai on cc mi ni tip nhau p.
Bng 11- lch trn mt bng
Loi cc v cch b tr ch ng

1. Cc c cnh hoc ng knh n 0.5m

a) khi b tr cc mt hng
b) khi b tr hnh bng hoc nhm 2 v 3 hng
- cc bin
- cc gia
c) khi b tr qa 3 hng trn hnh bng hoc bi
cc
- cc bin
-cc gia
d) cc n
e) cc chng
2. Cc cc trn rng ng knh t 0.5 n 0.8m
a) cc bin
b) cc gia
c) cc n di ct
3. Cc h qua ng khoan dn( khi xy dng cu)

lch trc cc cho php trn mt

bng
0.2d
0.2d
0.3d
0.2d
0.4d
5 cm
3 cm
10 cm
15 cm
8 cm
lch trc ti mc trn cng ca
ng dn c lp chc chn
khng vt qu 0.025 D bn nc(
y D- su ca nc ti ni lp
ng dn) v25 mm vng khng
nc

Ch thch: S cc b lch khng nn vt qu 25% tng s cc khi b tr theo di, cn khi b tr

cm di ct khng nn qu 5%. Kh nn g dng cc c lch ln hn cc tr s trong bng s do
Thit k quy nh.

19

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Ph lc A
(tham kho)

A1. Nht k ng cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: .............................. ......................................
Nht k ng cc
( T N 0.....................n N 0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. H thng my ng cc .........................................................................................................
2. Loi ba..................................................................................................................................
3. Trng lng phn p ca ba ...............................................................................................
4. p sut ( kh, hi), atm ......................................................................................................... .
5. Loi v trng lng ca m cc, kg .......................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc) .................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng ng ....................................................................................................................
2. Nhn hiu cc (theo t hp cc on cc) .............................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc ...................................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc .................................................................................................
5. chi thit k, cm ..............................................................................................................
cao ri
S nht p
su h cc chi ca 1
N0 ln o
Ghi ch
ba, cm
trong ln o
trong ln o
nht p, cm
1
2
3
4
5
6

K thut thi cng

K tn

20

T vn gim st
K tn

i din Ch u t
K tn

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

A2. Tng hp ng cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp ng cc
( T N 0.....................n N 0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
TT

Tn
cc

Loi
cc

Ngy/
ca

K thut thi cng

K tn

su, m
Thit Thc
k
t
5
6

Loi
ba

Tng s
nht p

T vn gim st
K tn

chi, cm
Khi
Khi
ng kim tra
9
10

Ghi
ch
11

i din Ch u t
K tn

21

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

A3. Nht k rung h cc ng

Tn Nh thu:.......................................... .......................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k rung h cc ng
( T N 0.....................n N 0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc............ ..........
1. Loi ba rung .........................................................................................................................
2. Loi v trng lng ca m cc, kg .......................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc ..................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng ............................................................................................................................
2. ng knh ngoi............................................... Chiu dy thnh ........................................
3. S lng v chiu di cc on cc ........................................................................................
4. Loi mi ni ca cc on cc. ..............................................................................................
5. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc. ..................................................................................
6. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc ................................................................................................ .
7. Cao ca nt t trong lng cc ..........................................................................................
8. Tc ln trong ln o sau cng ...........................................................................................
S liu v vn hnh ba rung
N0
ln
o

Thi
gian
o,
pht

ln
trong
ln o,
cm

Thi
gian
ngh,
pht

Lc
kch
ng,
tn

K thut thi cng

K tn

22

Cng

dng
in,
A
6

in
th
dng
in,
V
7

T vn gim st
K tn

Cao ca t
trong lng cc

Bin

Trc
dao
Sau khi
khi o
ng,
o b
b
mm
8
9
10

Ghi
ch
11

i din Ch u t
K tn

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

A.4. Tng hp rung h cc

Tn Nh thu:........................................ .........................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp rung h cc
( T N 0.....................n N 0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc.... ..................
su, m

TT

Tn
cc

Loi
cc

Ngy
ca

K thut thi cng

K tn

Thit
k

Thc
t

Cc s liu v ln o sau cng

Lc
Loi
kch
ba
ng,
rung
tn
7

T vn gim st
K tn

Cng
sut
yu
cu,
KW
9

Tc

h,
m/ph

Cao
li
t,
m

Ghi
ch

10

11

12

i din Ch u t
K tn

23

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

A.5. Nht k p cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k p cc
( T N 0.....................n N 0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. Loi my p cc .....................................................................................................................
2. p lc ti a ca bm du, kg/cm 2 ........................................................................................
3. Lu lng bm du, l/ pht ....................................................................................................
4. Din tch hu hiu ca pittng, cm 2 ......................................................................................
5. S giy kim nh ...................................................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc) .................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng p ........................................................................................................................
2. S lng v chiu di cc on cc ........................................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc. ..................................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc .................................................................................................
5. Lc p quy nh trong thit k ( min, max), tn ....................................................................
su p

Ngy, gi
p

k hiu on

su, m

K thut thi cng

K tn

24

Gi tr lc p
p lc,
lc p,
kg/cm2
tn
4
5

T vn gim st
K tn

Ghi ch
6

i din Ch u t
K tn

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

A.6. Tng hp p cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp p cc
( T N 0.....................n N 0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
TT

Tn
cc

Ngy/
ca

Loi
cc

K hiu
on
cc

Lc p
khi dng,
tn

K thut thi cng

K tn

T vn gim st
K tn

su, m
Thit
k
7

Thc
t
8

Loi
my
p

Ghi ch

10

i din Ch u t
K tn

25

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Ph lc B
(tham kho)

H hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng

Khi ng cc b tng ct thp c th xy ra cc h hng sau y c lin quan ti cng ngh
ng:
- rn nt v st m u cc;
- c khe nt dc bt k on no trn thn cc, nhng thng c nhiu on u cc;
- khe nt ngang thng vng u hoc gia 1/ 3 thn cc;
- khe nt ngang, chuyn thnh khe nt xin 45 0 phn cc trn mt t.
Nguyn nhn h hng dng th nht thng do tp trung ng sut cc b do nht p
ca ba khng chnh tm, hoc do cc tm gim xung m cc k hng t yu cu gy ra.
Cho nn khi thi cng ng cc cn thng xuyn kim tra ng trc ca cc, m cc v
ba, trng thi cc tm m gim xung trn v di ca m cc c bit l vung gc ca
mt phng tm m trn v mt phng u cc so vi t rc cc; ng nht ca vt liu tm
m di cng nh khe h ca h ng vi cn ba.
S xut hin cc vt nt dc thn cc c quan h vi s gia tng chung ca ng sut
vt qu sc bn chu nn ng ca b tng cc di tc dng ca ti trng lp. H hng
ny kh d nht l do chiu cao ri ba ln hoc tm m gim xung qu cng. Nguyn
nhn khc c th l mi cc gp t qu cng hoc chng ngi rn. Khi s to ra sng
nn phn hi cng vo vi sng nn trc din lm tng ng sut nn trong th n cc. Ngn
nga h hng ny bng cch gim chiu cao ri ba v thay cc tm m c n hi ln
hn. Thng hay dng cch thay vt liu tm m v cch ny t nh hng ti chi ca
nht ba. ng sut nn ln nht trong cc khi ng c th xc n h theo phng php trnh
by trong ph lc 8.
Khi chi ca cc b gim nhiu (nh hn 0.2 cm) do dng cc bin php trn, m
cn phi h cc ti su thit k, nn chuyn i dng ba nng hn hoc tm cch gim
sc khng ca t ( khoan dn, xi nc v.v).
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nt ngang l do thn cc b un khi mi cc b
lch khi hng xut pht v gp chng ngi hoc cn ba b lch, b lc. Nu cn ba b
lch th nguyn nhn chnh l my ch ng trn nn ln khng u. Hin din ca m men
un, quan h vi lch ca cc hoc ba ng so vi v tr ban u d dng nhn ra do cc
b x v mt pha sau khi nng ba v m cc ra ngoi. Cho nn khi ng cc cn phi theo
di thng ng ca cc theo hai phng vung gc nhau bng my trc c.
Nguyn nhn khc gy vt nt ngang l cc sng ko, c th hnh thnh trong cc khi
bt u ng, cng nh khi mi cc xuyn trong t yu hoc khi dng xi nc, khoan dn.
Sc khng ca t b yu biu hin qua chi c tr s ln, v th khi khng cho
php xut hin vt nt ngang cn phi khng ch chi ln nht trong thi gian ng cc
BTCT theo di nh sau:

26

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

n 10 m

5 6 cm

10 15 m

4 5 cm

15 20 m

3 4 cm

trn 20 m

2 3 cm

Khi chi ln hn cc tr snu tr n cn gim chiu cao ri ba hoc dng vt liu m t

cng hn.
ng sut ko ln nht trong cc khi ng c th xc nh theo phng php trnh by
trong ph lc C.
Vt nt xin ( thng vi gc gn 45 0) thng xut hin do cc ni lc xon gy ra
khi m cc hoc cc b xoay, hoc do tc dng ng thi ca lc ko v xon. Du hiu ca
tc dng m men xon l xoay ca u cc so vi v tr ban u kh nng ba v m cc
ra v c vt t mt gc ca cc vo tm m g di. Khi cn phi xoay cn ba, hoc
dng m cc c cu to khng cn tr cc xoay quanh trc, hoc chuyn sang cc trn.

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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Ph lc C
(tham kho)

Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc BTCT khi ng

1. Theo quy phm Lin x
Li gii trnh by di y da trn l thuyt sng nht p c Kanshin- PlutalovSmidth gin lc. Thc cht ca phng php ny nh sau. Cc c chia thnh nhiu phn
t cng, ni vi nhau bng cc lin kt k n c trng bin dng ca vt liu cc. u ba,
sab, m cc c xem nh cc phn t tr ong h. m g gim xung mang tnh n - nht,
t nn xung quanh cc v di mi cc c tnh n - nht do. i vi mi phn t ca h
quy c ngi ta thnh lp h phng trnh m t trng thi ca phn t trong khong thi
gian rt ngn t, xem tc ng ca cc phn t k bn v mi trng t bn ngoi ln
phn t ang xt v tc dch chuyn ca n l c nh. Bng cch gii lp tun t cc
phng trnh cho tng phn t c th xc nh ni lc bin v suy ra cc ng sut ti thi
im bt k trong chu trnh nht p. Hin nay c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v l
thuyt truyn sng c cng b trong cc hi ngh quc t. Tuy nhin cch tnh ng sut
ng bng cch tra bng ca cc tc gi Lin X vn c th p dng cho cng tc ng cc.
Tr s ng sut ng nn, ko ln nht trong thn cc BTCT, b tr ct thp dc n
0.05, do ba ng i- -zen v ba hi n ng gy ra c th tnh theo cng thc:
n,k = K K 1 K2 K3 K4,
trong :

(C1)

n,k - ng sut nn, ko trong thn cc, kG / cm 2;

K - h s tin cy ly bng 1.1 cho ng sut nn v 1.3 cho ng sut ko;
K1 - h s, ph thuc vo t s trng lng phn p ca ba trn din tch tit
din ( netto) cc, kG / cm 2;
K2 - h s, ph thuc vo chiu cao ri tnh ton phn p ca ba, H;
K3 - h s, ph thuc vo cng ca vt liu tm m di ca m cc;
K4 - h s, ph thuc vo chiu di L ca cc, v cng tiu chun, R n, ca
t nn di mi cc, tnh theo cc ch tiu cng ca t nn, theo bng
A1 ca Tiu chun thit k mng cc;

Tr s ca cc h s K 1, K2, K3, K4 cho ba i--zen kiu ng cho trong cc bng

C1 C4, cho ba hi n ng trong cc bng C5 C8 di dng phn s, t s dng tnh
ng sut nn, mu s dng tnh ng sut ko.

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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Bng C1- H s K 1
Q/F, kG/ cm 2

0.8
131

73

K1,kG/ cm 2

1
148

65

1.2
161

58

1.4
170

51

1.6
178

45

1.8
186

39

2.8
215

16

3
220

13

Bng C1- H s K 1(tip theo)

Q/F, kG/ cm 2

2
193

33

K1,kG/ cm 2

2.2
199

28

2.4
205

23

2.6
210

19

Bng C2- H s K 2
Chiu
cao ri
H, cm

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

K2

0.58

0.35

0.76

0.45

0.84

0.55

0.92

0.75

1.00

1.00

1.08

1.25

1.16

1.55

Bng C3- H s K 3
cng m
Kp, kg/ cm 2
K3

50
0.58

0.20

100
0.78

0.40

150
0.87

0.60

200
0.94

0.80

300
1.05

1.16

400
1.14

1.36

500
1.22

1.50

1100
1.57

1.83

1200
1.62

1.85

Bng C3- H s K 3 (tip theo)

cng m
Kp, kg/ cm 2
K3

600
1.29

1.60

700
1.35

1.67

800
1.41

1.72

900
1.47

1.76

1000
1.52

1.80

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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Bng C4-H s K 4
H s K 4 ng vi cng tiu chun ca t nn di mi cc R n, T/m2

Chiu
di
cc,
L, m
25
20
16
12
8

1100

800

600

400

250

150

100

50

1.03

0.44
1.02

0.40
1.01

0.35
0.99

0.30
0.98

0.20

1.03

0.66
1.01

0.60
1.00

0.53
0.99

0.44
0.97

0.30

1.02

0.88
1.01

0.80
1.00

0.70
0.98

0.59
0.96

0.40

1.02

1.10
1.00

1.00
0.99

0.88
0.97

0.74
0.95

0.50

1.01

1.37
1.00

1.25
0.98

1.10
0.96

0.93
0.93

0.63

1.01

1.65
0.99

1.50
0.97

1.32
0.94

1.11
0.92

0.75

1.00

1.93
0.98

1.75
0.96

1.54
0.92

1.29
0.88

0.88

1.00

2.58
0.98

2.25
0.95

2.00
0.91

1.70
0.86

1.30

4.0
196

22

4.5
203

18

5.0
209

15

Bng C5- H s K1
Q/F, kG/ cm 2
K1, kG/ cm 2

1.5
140

82

2.0
155

64

2.5
165

48

3.0
177

36

3.5
185

28

Bng C6- H s K 2
Chiu cao ri
H, cm
K2

30

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.55

0.47

0.71

0.67

0.87

0.84

1.00

1.00

1.12

1.14

1.23

1.27

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Bng C7- H s K 3
cng m
Kp, kg/ cm 2
K3

50
0.50

0.47

100
0.78

0.40

150
0.87

0.60

200
0.94

0.80

300
1.05

1.21

400
1.14

1.48

500
1.20

1.65

Bng C7- H s K 3 (tip theo)

cng m
Kp, kg/ cm 2
K3

600
1.32

1.76

700
1.40

1.84

800
1.48

1.90

900
1.56

1.95

1000
1.64

2.00

1100
1.72

2.04

1200
1.79

2.08

Bng C8- H s K 4
Chi
u di
cc,
L, m
25
20
16
12
8

H s K 4 ng vi cng tiu chun ca t nn di mi cc Rn, T/m2

1100

800

600

400

250

150

100

50

1.04

0.52
1.03

0.47
1.02

0.40
1.00

0.30
0.96

0.16

1.03

0.78
1.02

0.70
1.02

0.60
0.99

0.44
0.95

0.24

1.03

1.04
1.02

0.94
1.01

0.80
0.98

0.59
0.94

0.32

1.02

1.30
1.01

1.17
1.00

1.00
0.97

0.74
0.93

0.40

1.02

1.56
1.01

1.41
1.00

1.20
0.97

0.89
0.93

0.48

1.01

1.82
1.01

1.64
1.00

1.40
0.97

1.03
0.93

0.56

1.01

2.03
1.00

1.87
0.99

1.60
0.96

1.18
0.92

0.64

1.01

2.40
1.00

2.20
0.99

1.90
0.96

1.50
0.92

0.90

Ch thch: 1. xc nh ng sut nn ln nht khi ng bng ba i --zen cn theo

cng thc (1) ring h s K ly bng 1, cn cc h s kh c nh trong bng C1 C4;
2. Cc gi tr trung gian ca cc h s trong bng C1 C8 ly theo chia
khong;
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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

3. Tn tht nng lng trong kt cu ba ly bng 15% cho ba ng v 10%

cho ba hi n ng. Vi cc tn tht trong phm vi nu trn th tr s
chiu cao ri ba tnh ton, H, trong bng C2 v C6 trng vi chiu cao
ri thc t. Khi tn tht khc cc gi tr nu trn th chiu cao ri ba tnh
ton v thc t c quan h sau:
m'
H H1
(C2)
m
H v H1 - chiu cao ri ba tnh ton v thc t;
m- h s tn tht nng lng thc t, trong ba i --zen ng ly bng
0.8 0.9, trong ba hi ly bng 0.7 0.9
m- h s tn tht nng lng tnh ton, trong ba i --zen ng ly bng 0.85,
trong ba hi ly bng 0.9.
4. cng ca tm m Kp tnh theo cng thc:
E tt
Kp
(C3)
K nlb
Ett - m un n hi tnh ton ca vt liu tm m, kG/cm 2, ly theo bng C9
ph thuc vo ng sut nn cho trc ln nht trong cc. Nu khi tnh theo
cng thc (1) c ng sut n chnh vi qu 10% th phi tra bng tnh li;
Kn - h s nn cht ca vt liu tm m, ly theo bng C9;
lb - chiu dy ban u ca tm m trc khi nn, cm.
cng ca tm m nhiu lp xc nh theo cng thc:

1
1
1
1

.......
K p K p1 K p 2
K pn

(C4)

Bng C9- M un n hi ca tm m m cc
TT

Vt liu tm m

1
2

G thng mi loi th
G si th vung gc vi
hng nn
Vn p
Cao su chu nhit c
xp, %:
10
15
20
25

3
4

H s nn
Kpn
0.40
0.60

M un E tt, kG/cm 2 ng vi ng sut ,

kG/ cm 2 cho trc l:
50
100
150
200
250
900
1700
2500
3200
3600
2600
3400
4100
4600
4800

0.70

2800

3800

4100

4600

4800

1
1
1
1

1100
800
600
500

2300
1800
1500
1300

3200
2600
2300
2000

3700
3200
2900
2700

3900
3500
3200
3000

5. Trong trng hp cn thit c th dng cng htc (1) gii bi ton ngc.
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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Th d tnh ton. Cc BTCT tit din 40 x 40 cm, di 16 m ng bng ba D35 vo t st

do cng(I L = 0.4) n su 15m. Vt liu tm m m cc l vn x th ngang hng
ng. Chiu dy ban u trc khi nn l 20 cm. S nht ba cho php trc khi i tm
m l 1000.
Xc nh ng sut nn ln nht u cc v ng sut ko ln nht trong thn cc lc
khi u ng vi chiu cao ri ba l 170 cm; tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi sp
kt thc vi chiu cao ri 220 cm. Trng lng phn p qu ba 3500 kG. Tng trng
lng qu ba 7200 kG, trng lng m cc 500kG, tn tht nng lng trong ba 15%
1. Tnh cc thng s cn thit
a) Q / F = 3500 / 40 / 40 = 2.2 kG / cm 2
b) Lc khi u ng, sc k hng ca t nn di mi cc bng tng trng lng
ba, m cc v cc chia cho din tch tit din cc:
Rn0 = (7.2 +0.5 +6.4) / 0.16 = 90 T/ m 2
c) Khi kt thc ng, sc khng ca t nn di mi cc( tra bng A1 ca Tiu
chun thit k mng cc) l R n15 = 280 T/ m 2.
2.
a)
b)
c)

Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng

Theo bng 1 tnh ra K 1 = 199.
Theo bng 2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K 2 = 0.71.
Gi s ng sut nn = 150 kG/cm 2, tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng
thc (3) : K p = 2500 / 0.4 / 20 = 312 kG/ cm 3
d) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K 3 = 1.06.
e) Theo bng 4 tnh ra K 4 = 0.96
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng l:
n = 1.10 x 199 x 0.71 x 1.06 x 0.96 = 158 kG/ cm 2.
Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh = 150 kG/cm 2 khng chnh nhau ng k , nn ly
ng sut nn l n = 158 kG/cm 2 .
3.
a)
b)
c)

Tnh ng sut ko ln nht u cc khi mi ng

Theo bng 1 tnh ra K 1 = 28.
Theo bng 2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K 2 = 0.71.
Theo bng 9, vi ng sut nn = n = 158 kG/cm 2, m un n hi tnh ton ca
m l 2610 kG/ cm2; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc (3) : K p =
2610 / 0.4 / 20 = 326 kG/ cm 3
d) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K 3 = 1.21.
e) Theo bng 4 tnh ra K 4 = 1.63.
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut ko ln nht thn cc khi mi ng l:
k = 1.3 x 28 x 0.43 x 1.21 x 1.63 = 31 kG/ cm 2.
4. Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi sp kt thc
a) Theo bng 1 tnh ra K 1 = 199.
b) Theo bng 2, vi H = 220 cm, tnh ra K 2 = 0.90.

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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

c) Gi thit ng sut nn ln nht l 200 kG/ cm2, theo bng 9 m un n hi ca

g l 3200 kg /cm2; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc (3) : K p =
3200 / 0.4 / 20 = 400 kG/ cm 3
d) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K 3 = 1.14.
e) Theo bng 4 vi L = 16 m, R n15 = 280 T/ m 2 tnh ra K 4 = 1.0.
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:
n = 1.1 x 199 x 0.9 x 1.14 x 1.0 = 222 kG/ cm 2.
Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh = 200 kG/cm 2 chnh nhau ng k , nn tnh li vi
l n = 222 kG/cm 2, m un n hi s l 3640 kG/ cm 2 v cng ca tm m s l: K p =
3640 / 0.4 / 20 = 455 kG/ cm 3 .
g) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K 3 = 1.14.
h) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:
n = 1.1 x 199 x 0.9 x 1.18 x 1.0 = 232 kG/ cm 2.
C.2. Theo Broms B.B.
ng sut nn ln nht c th xc nh theo cng thc:

1 Fc

Fh

E
E

2 eE
ec
eh

c
h

ep

pH

F
1 p

Fc

ep

ec

y: n = ng sut nn ln nht trong cc (kG/cm 2);

H = cao ri ba, cm;
= 0.6 i vi ba ri t do;
= 2 i vi ba izen;
e = h s hiu sut ba - cc, e = 0.6 cho ba ri t do v e = 0.8 cho ba izen;
F = din tch tit din, cm 2;
Ee = m un n hi, kG/cm 2;
= trng lng n v, kG/cm 3;
cc k hiu h, c, p chn ca E e , , F tng ng cho ba(hammer), m
cc(cushion) v cc(pile).
ng sut ko trong cc BTCT thng dao ng trong khong 30 40% n. Nn thit k
chng nt do ko ba cp ng sut ko l 50, 55 v 60 kG/cm 2.

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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Ph lc D
(tham kho)

Cu to m cc

M cc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cng tc thi cng cc ng, va m bo cho

cc khng b nt, v, m cn gi cho sab ca ba khng b h hi. Thng thng cc c s
sn xut ba u cung cp ng b c gin ba cng loi m cc tng ng. Tuy nhin,
trong iu kin nc ta cha ch to c dn ba, c th thay th m cc ch sn bng cc h
t gia cng bng hn. Ph lc gii thiu cc thnh phn cu to chnh ca m cc c th
gia cng c m cc khi cn thit.
Khi ng cc bng ba hi n ng v ba i --zen kiu ng nn dng m cc dng
ch H c hoc hn c khoang trn v khoang di. Khi ng cc bng ba i --zen kiu
cn v ba hi song ng c th dng m cc dng ch U ch c mnh khoang di( xem
hnh v).
M cc phi c l tai hoc vng treo ngoc vo u ba trong t th thng ng
bng cp. Khoang trn thng c dng hnh trn su 100 150 mm cho ba hi v 200 300
mm cho ba i--zen. Khoang trn cha gim chn gim ti trng ng ln ba cng nh
ln chnh m cc. ng knh khoang trn thng rng hn ng knh sab ca ba
khong 10 15 mm hoc khng nh hn k ch c ngoi ca ba hi.
Gim chn trn thng c lm t cc loi g cng (si, thng, sn, tu, lt...) ct
dc th, t vung gc chun vi trc chnh. B dy ca tm gim chn trn ph thuc vo
trng
lng phn p ca ba; vi ba i --zen kiu ng c trng lng phn p l 1250, 1800,
2500, 3500, 5000 kG th chiu dy m khng nh hn tng ng l 150, 200, 200, 250,
300 mm; vi ba hi khng nh hn 250 300 mm.
Nghim cm vic dng tm gim chn trn b gip nt, c th xy ra nht p t rc
tip ca ba vo m thp.
Kch c khoang di ca m cc thng ch rng hn kch thc tit din coc 1 cm.
Chiu su khoang di khong 500 - 600 mm. Tm gim chn di c th lm t cc vt
liu khc nhau( xem bng 9 ph lc 8). B dy ca m di k hi ng cc b tng ct thp
ph thuc vo vt liu m, tnh nng k thut ca ba v cc, c im t nn v xc nh
nh tnh ton (xem ph lc C).

35

TCXDVn 286 : 2003

a)

b)

S m cc

2
1
5

9
8

4
3
5
6

7
8

c)

d)
10

3
4
5
6
8

b) Cho ba iezen kiu cn

c) Cho ba hi n ng

d) ng cc ng BTCT

1 - Ba; 2 - Khoang trn; 3 - Gim trn trn; 4 - Vnh trn

a) Cho ba iezen kiu ng

11

5 - Vch ngang; 6 - Vnh di; 7 - Gim chn di;

4
5
6
7
8

8 - Khoang di; 9 - ai; 10 - L c trong

gim chn trn di u ba; 11 - Li nn tr

Kch c khoang di ca m cc thng ch rng hn kch thc tit di n coc 1 cm.

Chiu su khoang di khong 500 - 600 mm. Tm gim chn di c th lm t cc vt
liu khc nhau( xem bng 9 ph lc C). B dy ca m di khi ng cc b tng ct thp
ph thuc vo vt liu m, tnh nng k thut ca ba v cc, c im t nn v xc nh
nh tnh ton (xem ph lc C).

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TCXDVn 286 : 2003

Ph lc E
(tham kho)

Biu ghi chi ng cc

Ln o:

Ngi o:

K thut Nh thu:

T vn gim st:

V d: Biu ghi chi cc ng ti Nh m y xi mng Nghi Sn

37