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62
Cu 1: Hon thnh s p sau:
+ O2
+ Y1
+ Y2
+ H2 O
C 4H 6O 2
C 4H 6O 4
C 7H 12O 4
C 10H 18O 4
X 2+Y1+Y 2
xt
H 2SO 4
H 2SO 4
(X1)
(X2)
(X3)
(X4)
Cho X1 l anehit a chc mch thng, Y2 l ancol bc II.
Cu 2: A, B, D l cc ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C6H9O4Cl, tha mn cc iu kin sau :
36,1g A + NaOH d 9,2g etanol + 0,4 mol mui A1 + NaCl.
B + NaOH d mui B1 + hai ru (cng s nguyn t C) + NaCl
D + NaOH d mui D1 + axeton + NaCl + H2O.
Hy lp lun xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Bit rng D lm qu tm.
Cu 3: 1/ Vit p iu ch t lapsan t metan v cc cht v c cn thit
2/ Mt dung dch monoaxit HA nng 0,373% c khi lng ring bng 1,00 g/ml v pH = 1,70. Khi pha long gp i
th pH = 1,89.
a/ Tm Ka ca axit trn?
b/ Tm M v cng thc ca axit ny bit n c %KL ca H = 1,46%; O = 46,72% v mt nguyn t X cha bit vi %
khi lng cn li.
Cu 4: 1/ Cho E0 ca Fe2+/Fe = -0,44 vn, Fe3+/Fe = -0,04 vn.
a/ Tnh E0 ca Fe3+/Fe2+?
b/ Tnh E ca Fe3+/Fe2+ trong dd c [OH-] = 1M bit T ca Fe(OH)2 = 10-14 v Fe(OH)3 = 10-36.
2/ Ha tan ht 7,33 gam hh kim loi M ha tr II v oxit ca n thu c 1 lt dd X c pH = 13.
a/ Tm M?
b/ Tnh th thch dd cha HCl v H2SO4 c pH = 0 cn thm vo 0,1 lt dd X thu c dd mi c pH = 1,699.
Cu 5: Cho 13,36 gam hh A gm Cu, Fe3O4 vo dd H2SO4 c nng d thu c V1 lt SO2 v dd B. Cho B p vi NaOH
d c kt ta C, nung kt ta ny n khi lng khng i c 15,2 gam cht rn D. Nu cng cho lng A nh trn
vo 400 ml dd X cha HNO3 v H2SO4 thy c V2 lt NO duy nht thot ra v cn 0,64 gam kim loi cha tan ht. Cc p
xy ra hon ton v cc kh o ktc.
1/ Tnh V1, V2?
2/ Tnh CM mi cht trong X bit dung dch sau p ca A vi X ch c 3 ion(khng k ion H+ v OH- do nc phn li ra)?
Cu 6: Trn hirocacbon kh A vi oxi theo t l th tch A:O2 = 1:9 ri cho vo bnh kn thy p sut trong bnh l 1 atm
00C. Bt tia la in A chy ht, hh sau p c p sut l 1,575 atm 136,50C.
1/ Tm CTPT ca A?
2/ Vit CTCT c th c ca A bit tt c cc nguyn t cacbon trong A u c cng mt dng lai ha?
3/ Chn CTCT ca A trn vit s tng hp cht B(Anthracen) c CTCT nh sau:
CH
HC
R'
R'
Cu 7: Thm t t 17,85 ml dung dch km clorua 17% (d =1,12g/ml) vo 25 ml dung dch kali cacbonat 3,0 mol/lt (d =
1,30 g/ml) to ra kt ta cacbonat baz. Sau phn ng lc b kt ta, tnh nng % cc cht trong nc lc.
Cu 8: Cho hn hp gm 25,6 gam Cu v 23,2 gam Fe3O4 tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M cho n khi phn ng
hon ton thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. Cho dung dch A phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 d tch ra kt ta D. Tnh
lng kt ta D.
63
Cu 1: 2,808 gam mt ieste quang hot A ch cha C, H, v O c x phng ha vi 30 ml dd NaOH 1M. Sau khi x
phng ha cn 6 ml dd HCl 1M ch chun NaOH d. Sp x phng ha gm mui ca axit icacboxylic B khng
quang hot, CH3OH v mt ancol quang hot C. Ancol C p vi I 2/NaOH cho kt ta vng. iaxit B p ch p vi Br 2/CCl4
theo t l 1:1 v ch cho mt sp D duy nht. Ozon phn B ch cho mt sn phm. Vit CTCT ca A, B, C khng cn vit
cng thc lp th v vit p xy ra?
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744
A3
A2
B
D
C2H2
CH3CHO
X1
Y
X1
X2
X3
Cu 3: 1/ So snh v gii thch tnh baz ca metylamin, amoniac, imetylamin, etylamin, anilin, iphenylamin.
2/ Nu cch phn bit: etylamin, ietylamin v trietylamin v isopropylamin.
3/ So snh v gii thch tnh axit ca cc axit sau: axit axetic, axit lactic, axit acrylic, axit propionic.
Cu 4: Cho 2,16 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg tan ht trong dung dch axit HNO 3 long, un nng nh to ra dung dch A v
448 ml ( o 354,9 K v 988 mmHg) hn hp kh B kh gm 2 kh khng mu, khng i mu trong khng kh. T khi
ca B so vi oxi bng 0,716 ln t khi ca CO 2 so vi nit. Lm khan A mt cch cn thn thu c cht rn D, nung D
n khi lng khng i thu c 3,84 gam cht rn E. Vit phng trnh phn ng, tnh lng cht D v % lng mi
kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 5: Hn hp cha km v km oxit c ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO 3 rt long nhn c dung dch A v khng
c kh bay ra. C cn cn thn dung dch A ri nung khan 210 0C n khi khng cn thot ra th thu c 2,24 lt kh (o
191,1 K v 7,1. 104 Pa) v cn li 113,4 gam cht rn kh. Hy xc nh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u(1 Pa =
9,87.10-6 atm).
Cu 6: thy phn hon ton 0,74 gam mt hn hp este n chc cn 7,0 gam dung dch KOH 8% trong nc. Khi un nng hn hp
este ni trn vi axit H2SO4 80% sinh ra kh X. Lm lnh X, a v iu kin thng v em cn, sau cho kh li t t qua dung dch brom
d trong nc th thy khi lng kh gim 1/3, trong khi lng ring ca kh gn nh khng i.
a/ Tnh khi lng mol ca hn hp este, xc nh thnh phn hn hp kh sau khi lm lnh v tnh khi lng ca chng.
b/ Xc nh thnh phn hn hp este ban u.
c/ Nu phn ng phn bit 2 este trn, vit phng trnh phn ng.
nE
10 0,059
Cu 2: Cho V lt CO qua ng s ng 5,8 gam oxit st nung mt thi gian thu c hh kh A v cht rn B. Cho B p
ht vi HNO3 long thu c dd C v 0,784 lt NO. C cn C thu c 18,15 gam mui st (III) khan. Nu ha tan B bng
HCl d th thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh(cc kh o ktc)
1/ Tm cng thc ca oxit st ?
2/ Tnh %KL mi cht trong B ?
Cu 3: Ngi ta d tnh ho tan 10-3 mol Mg(NO3)2 trong 1 lt dung dch NH3 0,5M; trnh s to thnh kt ta Mg(OH)2
phi thm vo dung dch ti thiu bao nhiu mol NH4Cl? Cho KNH3 = 1,8.10-5; T Mg(OH)2 = 1,0.10-11
+ HCl
+KOH
H 2 O
Cu 4: Hon thnh s p sau: (CH)3 C CH = CH 2
A B
C
Sau hy ngh mt c ch gii thch s to thnh C ?
Cu 5: Hon thnh s p sau:
C
A
B
G
n-Butan
0
Axeton
550 - 600 C
B1
A1
C1
D1
1) CH2
Mg
GlyxerintriNitrat
CH2
O
B2
C2
D2
+
2)
H
ete khan
3O
IsoamylAxetat
+ HCHO
2
RCH2OMgX
RCH2OH
RMgX
MgX 2 - Mg(OH) 2
1
H3O
RR1CHOMgX
RMgX
R-CHOH-R1(ancol bc II)
+ R CHO
1
2
H3O
RR1 R2COMgX
RMgX
RR1-COH-R2(ancol bc III)
+ R -CO-R
2 2
H3O
RCH2 CH2OMgX
RMgX
R CH2CH2OH
H 2 O/H
2
RCOOMgX
RMgX
RCOOH
Cu 6: X,Y l kim loi n ha tr II v III. Ha tan ht 14,0 gam hn hp X, Y bng axit HNO3 thot ra 14,784 lt (27,30C
v 1,1atm) hn hp 2 kh oxit c mu nu v c t khi so vi He = 9,56 , dung dch nhn c ch cha nitrat kim loi.
Cng lng hn hp 2 kim loi trn cho tc dng vi axit HCl d th cng thot ra 14,784 lt kh (27,30C v 1atm) v cn
li 3,2 gam cht rn khng tan. Xc nh X, Y v tnh % lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u.
Cu 7: 1/ Dung dch A gm cc cation: NH4+ ; Na+ ; Ba2+ v 1 anion X c th l mt trong cc anion sau: CH3COO ;
NO3; SO42 ; CO32 ; PO43 . Hi X l anion no? Bit rng dung dch A c pH = 5 .
2/ Thm NaOH d vo dung dch CuSO4, thm tip NH4NO3 vo dung dch n d c hin tng g xy ra? Vit phng
trnh phn ng.
Cu 8: t chy hon ton 2,7 gam cht hu c A phi dng va ht 4,76 lt oxi ktc, sp thu c ch c CO2 v H2O c
khi lng ca CO2 H2O = 5,9 gam.
1/ Tm CTPT ca A bit MA < Mglucoz?
2/ Tm CTCT ca A bit A khng p vi Na, NaOH. Khi A p vi nc brom th thu c 2 sp B v C c CTPT l
C7H7OBr. Ch r CTCT ca B v C bit %B ln hn C?
3/ Vit p iu ch A t metan v cc cht v c khc?
65
Cu 1: Cho 45,24 gam mt oxit st p ht vi 1,5 lt dd HNO3 long thu c dd A v 0,896 lt hh kh B gm NO v N2O.
Bit t khi ca B so vi H2 l 17,625. Thm vo A m gam Cu, sau p thy thot ra 0,448 lt NO duy nht v cn li 2,88
gam kim loi khng tan. Cc kh o ktc.
a/ Tm cng thc ca oxit st?
b/ Tnh m v nng mol/l ca dd HNO3 ban u?
c/ Sau khi lc b kim loi khng tan ri em c cn dung dch th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Cu 2: A, B, C, D l nhng hirocacbon c CTPT C9H12. Bit A ch cha 2 loi hiro. un nng vi KMnO4 th A cho
C9H6O6 , B cho C8H6O4, un nng C8H6O4 vi anhirit axeitc cho sp l C8H4O3. C v D u p vi Cu2Cl2/NH3 u cho kt
ta mu v p vi dd HgSO4 sinh ra C9H14O(C cho M v D cho N). Ozon phn M cho nona-2,3,8-trion cn N cho 2axetyl-3-metylhexaial. Tm CTCT ca A, B, C, D v vit p xy ra bit ank-1-in p vi Cu2Cl2/NH3 u cho kt ta mu
theo p: R-C CH + Cu2Cl2 + NH3 R-C CCu + NH4Cl
Cu 3: Hon thnh s p sau bit X l C6H8O4.
(1): X + NaOH
(7): C + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O
A + B + C
L + E + Ag
(2): A + H2SO4
(8): L + NaOH
A1 + Na2SO4.
L1 + N + H2O
+ CO
CaO ,t
(9): L1 + NaOH
P + I
(10): B + H2SO4
Q + Na2SO4.
H 2 SO4 ,t
CaO ,t
(5): A + NaOH
(11): Q
I + H
Z + H2O
(6): F + NaOH
Cho Z l axit acrylic
I + H 2O
Cu 4: Cho 7 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Cu vo 500 ml dung dch AgNO3. Sau p c dung dch A v 21,8 gam cht rn
B. Thm NaOH d vo A ri nung kt ta sinh ra trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 7,6 gam cht rn.
(9)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(7)
(10)
(5)
(6)
(8)
Cu 6: Hon thnh s p sau:
Cu 7: Mt monotecpenoit mch h A c cng thc phn t C10H18O (khung cacbon hai n v isopren ni vi nhau theo
qui tc u-ui). Oxi ho A thu c hn hp ht A1, A2 v A3. Cht A1 (C3H6O) cho phn ng iodofom v khng lm mt
mu brm. Cht A2 (C2H2O4) phn ng c vi Na2CO3 v vi CaCl2 cho kt ta trng tan trong axit axetic; A2 lm mt
mu dung dch KMnO4 long. Cht A3 (C5H8O3) phn ng iodofom v phn ng c vi Na2CO3.
a. Vit cng thc cu to ca A1, A2 v A3.
b. V cng thc cc ng phn hnh hc ca A v gi tn theo danh php IUPAC.
Cu 8: 1/ Ha tan 69 gam hh CuCl2, FeCl3 theo t l mol 1:2 vo nc c dung dch A. in phn A vi in cc tr,
thi gian in phn ht cc mui l T. Tnh tng khi lng catot khi in phn trong thi gian 0,5T; 0,7T.(Cho th t
p ln l Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+).
2/ Hn hp X gm NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 trong c mt mui ngm nc. 61,3 gam X p va ht vi 100 ml dd HCl
4,5M thu c V lt CO2 ktc, dd A. Cho A vo 100 ml dd AgNO3 6,5M th va thu c kt ta max. Nu cho dd NaOH
d vo X th c dd Y, cho tip dd Ba(NO3)2 d vo Y th thu c lng kt ta ln nht l 68,95 gam. Tnh V v %KL
mi cht trong X?
66
Cu 1: Axit axety salixilic(cn gi l aspirin) c dng HA l axit yu c pKa = 3,49. tan trong nc ca n nhit
phng l 3,55 gam/dm3.
a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch aspirin bo ho nhit phng?
b/ Tnh KL ti thiu NaOH cn ho tan 0,1 mol aspirin vo nc thnh 1 lit dd ? Tnh pH ca dd ny?
c/ Vit p iu ch aspirin t metan v cc cht v c cn thit?
Cu 2: 1/ Cho E0 ca Sn4+/Sn2+ = 0,15V v Sn2+/Sn = -0,14V. Gii thch ti sao khi ha tan Sn trong dd HCl d khng to ra
Sn4+ m ch to ra Sn2+?
2/ Cho E0 ca Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,771 V v Ag+/Ag = 0,799 V.
a/ Vit p xy ra khi cho 2 cp trn p vi nhau?
b/ Trn 50 ml dd AgNO3 0,01M vi 25 ml dd Fe(NO3)2 0,02M; 25 ml dd Fe(NO3)3 0,05M v bt Ag d. Tnh G
1500 oC
2 CH4
HC
CH
3 HC
3H2
CH
600 oC; C
CH3
+2CH
AlCl
l
3C
o
3 t
+2HCl
CH3
COOH
CH3
+12KMnO
+ 18H
2SO 4
CH3
HC
CH +H 2
+12MnSO
+ 6K
2SO 4+ 28H 2O
COOH
Pd/PbCO
o
3 t
H2C
CH2
H+ + A-.
HA
Ccb: C-0,02
0,02 0,02.
Ka =
4.104
(*)
C 0, 02
H+
HA
Ccb: 0,5C-0,0129
0,0129
+
A-.
0,0129
0,01292
(**)
0,5C 0,0129
4.104
0, 01292
+ T (*) v (**) ta c:
=
C = 0,0545M.
C 0, 02 0,5C 0, 0129
Ka =
a
1, 46
16c
46, 72
=
=
a 1;
b 2
68, 44 100
68, 44
100
bX
100 1, 46 46, 72
=
bX 35,5 b=1 v X = 35,5 tha mn.
68, 44
100
X1
X2
E1
+ n 1e
E2
X3
+ n 3e
E3
Fe
3+
+ 1e
Fe
E1
2+
+ 2e
E2
Fe
+ 3e
E3
0
Fe3+ / Fe2+
0, 059 [Fe3+ ]
+
lg 2+ (*)
1
[Fe ]
+ Khi [OH-] = 1 M th: [Fe2+].12 = 10-14 [Fe2+] = 10-14 v [Fe3+].13 = 10-36 [Fe3+] = 10-36.
+ Thay vo (*) c: EFe3+ / Fe2+ = 0, 76 +
0, 059 10-36
lg -14 =-0,538 vn.
1
10
V 0, 01
=10-1,699 V = 0,0122 lt
V + 0,1
64 x + 232 y = 13,36
x = 0,1
3y
y = 0, 03
80 x + 160. 2 = 15, 2
p dng LBT electron V1 = 22,4.(0,1.2+0,03.1)/2= 2,576 lt
+ Khi cho A vo dd X th c p:
3Fe3O4 + 28H+ + NO3- 9Fe3+ + NO + 14H2O
mol: 0,03
0,09
0,01
3+
2+
2+
Cu + 2Fe Cu + 2Fe
Mol: 0,045 0,09
0,045 0,09
phi c: 0,1-0,045 -
0, 64
= 0,045 mol Cu p vi H+ v NO3- theo p:
64
y
y
) O2 xCO2 + H2O
4
2
y
y
a(x+ )
ax
a
4
2
CxHy +(x+
Mol:
y
y
y
+ 9a a(x+ ) = 9a + a
2
4
4
n1RT1 n 2 RT2
10a.273 (9a + 0, 25ay ).409,5
=
=
V bnh kn =
hay:
y = 6.
P1
P2
1
1,575
+ S mol kh sau p = ax + a
CH2
CH2 CH
(sp3)
HC
HC
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
Cho sp
+
Ag + Cl AgCl
0,8
0,8
+
2+
3+
Ag + Fe Ag + Fe
0,3
0,3
khi lng D = AgCl v Ag = (0,8 143,5) + (0,3 108) = 147,2 g
p n 63
Cu 1: + S mol NaOH p vi A = 0,024 mol s mol A = 0,012 MA =234 vC CTPT l C13H14O4.
+ Da vo sp ca p x phng ha suy ra A c dng: CH3OOC-R-COOR C l ROH, m ROH quang hot v cho kt
ta vng vi I2/NaOH nn R c dng: CH3-CHOH-CH2-...
+ Do Ozon phn B ch cho 1 sp nn B phi c cu to i xng, do B ch p c vi 1 brom nn A, B, C l: CH3-OOCCH=CH-COOCH(CH3)C6H5; HOOC-CH=CH-COOH, CH3-CHOH-C6H5.
Cu 2: A1 l C2H6 ;
A2 l C2H5Cl ;
A3 l C2H5OH ;
X1 l C2H4 ; X2 l C2H4Cl2 ;
X3 l C2H4(OH)2 ; B, D, Y l CH3COO-CH = CH2 ; CH2 = CH Cl ; CH3CHCl2
Cu 3: 1/ imetylamin > etylamin > metylamin > amoniac > anilin > iphenylamin.
2/ Dng HNO2 th: trietylamin khng p; ietylamin cho kt ta vng; 2 cht cn li cho ni bay ra. nhn ra 2 amin c kh
th ta da vo ancol tng ng c to ra l bc I v II. Nhn bit 2 ancol ny bng CuO ri AgNO3/NH3.
3/ axit lactic > axit acrylic > axit axetic > axit propionic
Cu 4: Theo gi thit th B cha N2 v N2O vi s mol u l 0,01 mol
s mol e nhn to ra 2 kh ny l : 0,01(10+8) = 0,18 mol (I)
+
2+
5 Mg + 12 H + 2 NO 3 5 Mg + N2 + 6 H2O
+
2+
4 Mg + 10 H + 2 NO 3 4 Mg + N2O + 5 H2O
+
3+
10 Al + 36 H + 6 NO 3 10 Al + 3 N2 + 18 H2O
+
3+
8 Al + 30 H + 6 NO 3 8 Al + 3 N2O + 15 H2O
c th c p to NH4NO3
+
+
2+
4 Mg + 10 H + NO 3 4 Mg + NH 4 + 3 H2O
+
+
3+
8 Al + 30 H +3 NO 3 8 Al
+ 3 NH 4 + 9 H2O
D c Al(NO3)3, Mg(NO3)2 c th c NH4NO3.
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
2 NH4NO3 N2 + O2 + 4 H2O
Cu 8: p xy ra:
E ch c Al2O3 v MgO.
27 x + 24 y = 2,16
+ Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg ta c h :
x
102. 2 + 40 y = 3,84
x = Al = 0,04 mol v Mg = 0,045 mol s mol e cho = 0,21 mol (II)
+ T (I, II) suy ra phi c NH4NO3. T d dng tnh c kt qu sau:
D gm: Al(NO3)3 (8,52 gam) ; Mg(NO3)2 (6,66 gam) ; NH4NO3 (2,4 gam) = 17,58 gam. Hn hp ban u c 50% lng mi
kim loi.
Cu 5: + S mol kh thot ra l 0,1 mol. P c th xy ra :
ZnO + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2O
(1)
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744
(2)
(3)
t 350
NH4NO3
N2 + 1/2O2 + H2O
(3)
Zn(NO3)2 ZnO + 2NO2 + O2
(4)
+ Ta thy NH4NO3 phn hy trc nn nu Zn(NO3)2 phn hy ht th s mol kh phi ln hn s mol cht rn l ZnO.
+ Xt trng hp Zn(NO3)2 phn hy ht cht rn l ZnO vi s mol ZnO = 113,4/81=1,4 mol > s mol kh l 0,1 mol
Zn(NO3)2 cha b phn hy s mol Zn(NO3)2 = 113,4/189 = 0,6 mol.
+ Theo (3) th s mol kh = N2O = 0,1 mol s mol NH4NO3 = 0,1 mol Zn = 0,4 mol ZnO = 0,6-0,4 = 0,2 mol.
Cu 6: T p thy phn R-COO-R + KOH R-COOK + ROH mol 2 este = 0,01 v M = 74
* C 2 kh nng xy ra :
- C 2 este u c KL mol = 74 ( H-COO-C2H5 v CH3-COO-CH3)
- Mt trong hai este c KL mol < 74 l H-COO-CH3.
Nh vy c 2 kh nng u c 1 este Fomat, khi un nng vi H2SO4 b phn hy to ra CO (KL mol = 28), ngoi ra cn
mt kh b hp th bi nc brom, kh phi l anken sinh ra khi phn ancol trong este b tch nc. Mt khc, khi
lng ring hn hp kh khng i, tc l kh phi c KL mol = 28, l C 2H4.
C 2H4 + Br2
C2H4Br2 .
* Nu trong hn hp c H-COO-C2H5 CO + C2H4 + H2O
th sau khi i qua nc brom khi lng kh phi gim i 1/2 (tri gi thit).
Vy cc gc H-COO- v C2H5- phi thuc v 2 este khc nhau.
* Hn hp cha H-COO-CH3 (x mol) v R-COO-C2H5 (y mol). Ta c :
x + y = 0,01 ; x = 2y (do CO = 2 C2H4 ) y = 0,01/3 v x = 0,02/3
Ta c : 60
0,02
3
+ (R + 73)
0,01
3
= 0,74 R = 29 C2H5-COO-C2H5
in ca S < O nn HSH
< HOH
.
c) m in ca F > H nn FOF
< HOH
Cu 8: Gi oxit kim loi phi tm l MO v a v 2a l s mol CuO v MO trong A.
V hidro ch kh c nhng oxit kim loi ng sau nhm trong dy in ha nn c 2 kh nng xy ra:
* Trng hp 1: M ng sau nhm trong dy in ha
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
MO + H2 M + H2O
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
3M + 8HNO3 3 M(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
80a + ( M + 16).2a = 3, 6
Ta c h pt: 8a
a = 0,01875 v M = 40 Ca loi v Ca trc Al
16a
= 0,15
3 +
3
* Trng hp 2: M ng trc nhm trong dy in ha M = 24 Mg tha mn.
V=
p n 64
Cu 1: Hg
2+
2
c s oxi ha +1 do Hg
2+
2
Hg .
+
10
Hg
2+
+ 2e
+ 1e
2+
Hg 2
E1
Hg
E2
+ 2e
E3
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 ,
a b
0,03 + + = 0,035
b = 0,015
3 3
0,03.56
%m Fe =
.100 % = 32,56% v % m Fe3O 4 = 100% 32,56% = 67,44%
5,16
ta c :
2
3
4
2+
0
2+
Cu 3: khng c kt t Mg(OH)2 th [Mg ].[OH ] 10-11. Vi C (Mg ) = 10 th [OH ] 10 .
+
Cn bng NH3 + H2O NH 4 + OH
Kb = 1,8.10-5.
4
4
4
[ ]
0,5 10
x + 10
10
c
( x + 104 ) 104
0,5 104
4
= 1,8.10-5 (coi 10 << 0,5 ) x = 0,0899
CH
CH2
+ HCl
CH3 C
CH3
CH
CH3
KOH
CH3 C
CH3Cl
+H+
CH3 OH
H3C
CH3
C
H3C
CH3
(C)
(B)
(A)
CH3
CH
- H2O
CH
CH3
+H+
CH3
CH3 C
CH3 OH
CH3
CH3 C
CH
CH3
(+)
CH3
CH3
CH3 C
CH3 OH2
(B)
(+)
CH
- H2 O
H3C
(+)
CH3
H3C
(+)
CH
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH3
CH3
C
CH
CH3
-H+
H3C
CH3
(C)
11
10,8
= 18 (khng c kim loi tha mn)
0, 6
10,8
= 27 Al
0, 4
Al 3e Al3+
t s mol X bng a:
tng s e nhng = 0,4. 3 + 2a = 1,2 + 2a
2+
X 2 e X
N +5 + 3e N +2
tng s e thu = 0,32. 3 + 0,34 = 1,30
+5
+4
N + 1e N
3, 2
1,2 + 2a = 1,3 a = 0,05. Vy X =
= 64 Cu v % Al = 77,14% ; %Cu = 22,86%
0, 05
Cu 7: 1/ X l NO3 v NH4NO3: mi trng axit pH< 7.
2/ + c kt ta mu xanh: Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
+ c kh mi khai : NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
+ kt ta tan to dung dch xanh thm: Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OHCu 8: A l C7H8O vi CTCT l CH3-O-C6H5, B l p-Br-C6H4-O-CH3. iu ch A ta lm nh sau:
+ CH 3Cl
Metan axetilen benzen clobenzen natri phenolat
C6H5-O-CH3 + NaCl (khng dng p C6H5OH +
CH3OH v phenol khng p vi ancol)
p n 65
Cu 1: a/ NO = 0,025 mol v N2O = 0,015 mol s mol e cho = 0,195 mol s mol FexOy =
45,24 =
0,195
3x 2 y
0,195(56 x + 16 y )
x 3
124,8x = 93,6y = oxit st l Fe3O4.
3x 2 y
y 4
H3C
CH3
Tht vy:
12
CH3
[O]
+ H 2O
H3C
HOOC
CH3
COOH
CH3
C2H5
[O]
- CO
CO
COOH
+ (CH
- H 2O
3CO) 2O
O
CO
- 2CH 3COOH
CH3
CH
CH3
(C)
CH
(D)
Tht vy:
C
CH
CH3
CO-CH3
CH3
+ H2O/Hg2+
+ O3
CH3-CO-CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CH3.
v
CH3
C
CH3
CH
+ H 2O/Hg
2+
CO-CH3
+O3
CH3
CH3-CO-CH-CH-CH2-CH2-CH=O
CH=O
CH3
3,7-imetylocta-2,6-ienol.
CH2OH
H3C
CH3
+ P xy ra:
Cu 8: 1/ Ta c s mol CuCl2 = 0,15 mol v FeCl3 = 0,3 mol. tng KL catot bng KL kim loi sinh ra bm vo catot.
+ anot xy ra p: 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
mol: 1,2
1,2
Khi p ht th s mol e trao i l 1,2 mol khi p l 0,5T v 0,7T th s mol e trao i l 0,6 mol v 0,84 mol.
+ catot xy ra p theo th t:
14
2+
Fe + 1e Fe
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
+ TH1: thi gian p l 0,5T ng vi 0,6 mol e trao i th c
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
mol: 0,3
0,3 0,3
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
tng KL catot = KL ca Cu = 0,15.64 = 9,6 gam
+ TH2: thi gian p l 0,7T ng vi 0,84 mol e trao i.
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
mol: 0,3
0,3 0,3
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
mol: 0,12 0,24 0,12
tng KL catot = KL ca Cu + Fe = 16,32 gam.
2/ + t x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cl-; HCO3- v CO32- ta c:
y + 2z = 0,1.4,5; x + 0,45 = 0,65 v
y + z = 0,35
x =0,2 mol; y = 0,25 mol v z = 0,1 mol V = 22,4.(y+z)=7,84 lt
S mol NaCl = 0,2 mol; NaHCO3 = 0,25 mol; Na2CO3 = 0,1 mol. Gi n l s mol nc ta c:
0,2.58,5 + 0,25.84 + 0,1.106 + 18.n = 61,3 n = 1 mol.
c 3 kh nng l: NaCl.5H2O; NaHCO3.4H2O v Na2CO3.10H2O nhng ch c Na2CO3.10H2O l ph hp vi thc nghim.
p n 66
Cu 1: a/Aspirin c cng thc l o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH MAspirin = 180 vC
3,55
= 0,01972 M. V Aspirin c dng HA nn ta c:
180.1
H+ + A-.
HA
B: 0,01972
0
0
Cb: 0,01972-x
x
x
x.x
= 10-3,49 x = 2,37.10-3M pH = 2,625.
0, 01972 x
b/ Khi cho 0,1 mol aspirin vo nc th c 0,01972 mol tan ra to ra 2,37.10-3 mol H+ s cn li tan ht th phi dng
NaOH trung ha H+ v ha tan lng HA cn li theo p: HA + NaOH NaA + H2O
S mol NaOH = H+ + HA = 2,37.10-3 + (0,1-0,01972) = 0,08265 mol NaOH = 3,306 gam
* Tnh pH: Dung dch sau p trn c [HA] = 0,01972-2,37.10-3 = 0,01735 M v
[A-] = x + (0,1-0,01972) = 0,08265M. Do ta c cn bng:
H+ + A-.
HA
B: 0,01375
0 0,08265
Cb: 0,01375-x
x 0,08265+ x
x.(0, 08265 + x)
= 10-3,49 x = 5,383.10-5M pH = 4,27.
0, 01375 x
COOH
OCOCH3
15
ONa
+ CO 2
Pcao
OCOCH3
OH
COOH
COOH
+ H 2SO 4
+ (CH 3-CO) 2O
-Na 2SO 4
COOH
-CH 3COOH
Sn
E1
+ 2e
Sn
E3
2+
E2
+ 2e
Sn
+ 4e
0, 059 [ox]
lg
nn
n
[kh]
0, 059 0,005
lg
EAg+/Ag = 0, 799 +
= 0,663 vn
1
1
+ Mt khc ta c: E = E0 +
0, 059 0, 0125
lg
= 0,794 vn
1
0, 005
50.0, 01
= 0, 05 )
50 + 25 + 25
KMnO
A c 0,07 mol Cu v (
a
a
- 0,07) mol CuO 0,07.64 + 80.(
- 0,07) = 14,08 a = 15,2 gam
80
80
16
mB = 14,08 + 152x
108.2 x
= 0,2523 x = 0,02 mol.
14, 08 + 152 x
p n 67
Cu 1: 1/T din u, thp tam gic(chp), lng thp tam gic
2/pH=0,52 3/pH=6,15
Cu 2: (H khi A 2006)
1/ X l CH3OH, p = 3,2 gam
2/ Y l axit propionic(39,14%); Z l etyl propionat(33,94%)
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744
17
Cu 3: Ta thy X no => trong X ch c nhm ete hoc ancol hoc c hai. V X p c vi CuO nn X chc chn c nhm
anol OH.
Khi 1 nhm CH2 OH chuyn thnh CH=O hoc CH-OH thnh C=O th s H gim i 2 tc l KLPT s gim 2 vC. Theo
gi thit th MY nh hn MX l 8 vC nn trong X phi c 4 nhm OH(X khng c nhm ete v X ch c 4 oxi)=> Y c CTPT
l C5H4O4 hay MY = 128 gam.
S mol Y = 2,56/128 = 0,02 mol; s mol Ag = 0,16 mol.
Trong Y chc chn c nhm anehit CHO c th c nhm xeton C=O . t Y l R(CHO)n ta c
R(CHO)n + 2nAgNO3 + 3nNH3 +nH2O R(COONH4)n + 2nAg + 2nNH4NO3
Mol: 0,02
0,16
n=4
X v Y c CTCT ln lt l
CH2OH
C
HOH2C
CH2OH
CH=O
O=HC
CH=O
CH2OH
CH=O
v
Khi X + NaBr/H2SO4 c tng ng vi X p vi HBr v:
t0
2NaBr + H2SO4
Na2SO4 + 2HBr
Do ta c:
CH2Br
CH2OH
HOH2C
CH2OH
+ 4HBr
BrH2C
CH2OH
CH2Br
+ 4H
2O
CH2Br
Do Q c M < 90 nn Q
khng cn Br vy Q l sp ca p sau:
CH2Br
BrH2C
CH2Br
CH2
+ 2Zn
H2C
CH2Br
CH2
+ 2ZnBr
CH2
Cu 4: + Vi phn 1 ta c:
2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl
mol:
x
0,5x
CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl
Mol: y
y
16x +96y = 1,28
(I)
2FeCl3 + Na2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2NaCl
sau : FeCl2 + Na2S FeS + 2NaCl
+ P xy ra:
A + [O] CO2 + HOOC-CH2-CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH.
18
+ [O] + H
HO
CH2-CH - CH2
OH
2O
2y
x
y
x
32ax + 8ay
= 0,7684 (III)
35, 4
19
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
+ Gi s Mg v CuSO4 va ht (1):
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1)
Mol: 0,01
0,01
Cht rn ch c: 0,02 mol Fe + 0,01 mol Cu = 1,76 gam (*)
+ Gi s c Mg, Fe v CuSO4 u ht (1) v (2) ta c:
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1)
Mol: 0,01
0,01
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
Mol: 0,02
0,02
Cht rn ch c 0,03 mol Cu ng vi 1,92 gam (*)
+ T (*); (*) v gi thit suy ra: Mg ht v Fe p mt phn, do ta c:
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1)
Mol: 0,01 0,01
0,01
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
Mol: x
x
x
Cht rn sau p c: (0,01+x) mol Cu + (0,02-x) mol Fe 64.(0,01+x) + 56(0,02-x) = 1,88
x = 0,015 mol CuSO4 = 0,01 + x = 0,025 mol CM = 0,1M.
2/ S mol NO = NO2 = 0,0175 mol s mol e m HNO3 nhn = 0,07 mol. p dng LBT e ta c:
3x =
5, 04 56 x
.4 + 0,07 x = 0,07 mol.
32
3/ a/ S mol hiro = 0,045 mol Vit p xy ra ta s thy s mol HCl= 2 ln s mol hiro = 0,09 mol
+ p dng LBTKL ta c: m + 0,09.36,5 = 0,045.2 + 4,575 m = 1,38 gam.
b/ +Ta c: M = 50,5 hai kh l NO2 v SO2. S mol 2 kh = 0,084 mol SO2 = 0,021 mol v NO2 = 0,063 mol S mol
e nhn = 0,105 mol. Gi s mol Fe v M ln lt l x v y. p dng LBT e ta c:
3 x + ny = 0,105
Cu 8: 1/ P xy ra:
2XSO4 + 2H2O 2X + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1)
+ Gi s khi p vi thi gian l 2t th XSO4 vn cn tc l ch c p (1) S mol kh thu c gp i s mol kh ng vi t
giy v = 0,007.2 = 0,014 mol iu ny tri vi gi thit l 0,024 mol gi s l sai Khi thi gian p l 2t th XSO4
ht v c p p nc:
dp
2H2O
2H2 + O2
+ Vi thi gian l t giy ta c:
2XSO4 + 2H2O 2X + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1)
mol: 0,014
0,007
+ Vi thi gian l t giy tip theo th:
2XSO4 + 2H2O 2X + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1)
mol:
x
0,5x
dp
2H2O
2H2 + O2
mol: y
y
0,5y
0,5x + y + 0,5y = 0,024-0,007 x + 3y = 0,034 (I)
+ Khi thi gian l t giy th ch c oxi p (1) bay ra s mol O2 ng vi t giy = 0,007 mol s mol e trao i = 0,007.4
= 0,028 mol Trong thi gian t giy cn li s mol e trao i cng phi l 0,028
4.(0,5x+0,5y) = 0,028 x + y = 0,014 (II)
+ Gii (I , II) c: x = 0,004 mol v y = 0,01 mol S mol XSO4 = 0,004 + 0,014 = 0,018 mol
0,018(X + 186) = 4,5 X = 64 = Cu.
2/ a/ pHX = 2,7
b/ pHY = 4,75
20