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TNH TON THIT K CC N V CNG TRNH (( THAM KHO S 1))

Lu lng thit k:
QTB = 200m3/ngy = 8.33m3/h.
h
1.5 8.33 12.5m3 / h
Q max
h
Qmax 12.5
q Smax
3.47.10 3 m3 / s
3600 3600

3.47(l / s)

2.2.2.1. SONG CHN RC


Chc nng: Gi li cc tp cht c kch thc ln nh: vi vn, si th, giy c, bao
nilng
Do cng sut ca nh my x l nc thi nh v lu lng nc thi khng ln
nn chn song chn rc lm vic th cng.
Tnh ton:
- Lu lng nc i qua qua song chn rc l lu lng cc i ca nc thi
q Smax

h
Qmax
3600

12.5
3600

3.47.10 3 (m3 / s)

- Chn cc thng s thu lc ca mng t song chn rc:


Tc dng chy trong mng: v = 0.3m/s.
dc I = 0.008.
Kch thc mng t song chn rc (chiu ngang v chiu su) l:
B x H = 0.4m x 0.7m
Chiu cao lp nc trong mng l:
h

h
Qmax
3600 v B

12.5
3600 0.3.0.4

0.0289(m)

0.03(m)

Chn kch thc thanh chn rc (rng v dy) l:b x d = 5mm x 25mm v
khe h gia cc thanh l w = 25mm.
- Kch thc song chn rc:
Gi n,m l s thanh chn v s khe h ca song chn rc.
Vy s khe h l: m = n + 1.

B n b (n 1) w
400 n 5 (n 1) 25
n 12.5

Vy chn s thanh l n = 12
C th iu chnh khong cch gia cc thanh li nh sau:
400

12 5 (12 1) w

26.2(mm)

- Tn tht p lc qua song chn:


+ Tng din tch cc khe song chn (A): A = (B - b x n) x h
Trong : B: Chiu rng t song chn rc (m).
b: Chiu rng thanh song chn rc (m).
n: S thanh song chn rc.
h: Chiu cao lp nc trong mng (m).
A = (0.4 0.005 x 12) x 0.03 = 0.0102 (m2).
+ Vn tc dng chy qua song chn rc l:
V
h1

q smax
3.47
0.34(m / s)
A
0.0102 1000
V 2 v 2 (0.34)2 (0.3)2 0.0019(m)
0.7 2 9.81
0.7 2g

0.002(m)

Vy tn tht p lc qua song chn rc l:

h1

V 2 v2
0.7 2g

(0.34)2 (0.3)2
0.7 2 9.81

0.0019(m)

0.002(m)

Qua song chn rc hm lng SS gim 4%. Vy hm lng SS sau khi qua song
chn rc l: SS = 180 x (1-0.04) = 172.8 (mg/l).
2.2.2.2. B IU HA
Chc nng: iu ho lu lng v nng cht hu c. Bn trong b iu ho thng
c b tr cc thit b khuy trn hoc cp kh nhm to s xo trn u cc cht
nhim trong ton b th tch nc thi, trnh vic b lng cn trong b. Ngoi ra, n cng
gip cho vic oxy ho mt phn cc cht bn hu c.
Tnh ton:

Kch thc b:
-

Chn thi gian lu nc trong b iu ho l: t = 5 gi.

Th tch b iu ha l: V

Chn chiu cao ca lp nc trong b l: h = 4m

Chiu cao bo v b iu ha: hbv = 0.5m

Vy chiu cao tng cng ca b iu ho l: H = h + hbv = 4 + 0.5 = 4.5(m)

Din tch mt bng ca b l: F

h
Qmax
t 12.5 5 62.5(m 3 ) .

62.5
13.9(m2 )
4.5

V
H

Ta chn kch thc b iu ho l: L x B x H = 4.6 x 3 x 4.5m


Tnh ton h thng cp kh cho b iu ho (bng kh nn):
- Lu lng kh cn thit: Lkh = Qmax h x a
-

Trong : Qmax h: Lu lng nc thi ln nht theo gi, Qmax h = 12.5 m3/h.
a: Lu lng khng kh cp cho b iu ha, a = 3.74 m3kh/m3 nc thi.
Vy Lkh = 12.5 x 3.74 = 46.75 (m3/h).
Chn h thng cp kh cho b bng ng nha PVC
ng knh ng dn kh chnh t my nn kh n ng phn phi kh
dchnh =

4 Lkhi
v

Trong : v l tc chuyn ng ca dng kh trong ng dn v qua h thng phn phi


kh 10 15 m/s. Chn v = 10 m/s.
d chinh

4 46.75
3600
10

0.041(m)

41(mm).

Tnh ton my bm nc qua b keo t to bng:


Cng sut ca bm c xc nh nh sau:
N

Trong :

Q. .g.H 12.5 1000 9.81 10


3600 1000 0.75
1000.

l hiu sut ca bm,

0.45(kw) .

= 0.75

H l chiu cao ct p ca bm, H = 10 m.


Q l lu lng bm nc thi, Q = 12.5 m3/h

= 1000 kg/m3.

l khi lng ring,

g l gia tc trng trng, g = 9.81 m/s2.


Vy chn 2 bm ly tm nhng chm (1 hot ng, 1 d phng) cng sut l 1 Hp.
Tnh ng dn nc thi t b iu ha sang b keo t to bong:
- Vn tc nc thi chy trong ng trong iu kin c bm t 2 3 m/s,
chn v = 2 m/s. Lu lng l 12.5 m3/h.
- Chn loi ng dn nc thi l ng PVC.
- ng knh ca ng l : D

4 Q
3600

4 12.5
3600
2

0.047(m)

47(mm)

2.2.2.3. B KEO T - TO BNG


Chc nng: B c chc nng khuy trn ha cht vi nc thi. S khuy trn lm cho
ha cht c ng u trong nc thi v to thnh nhng bng cn c kh nng lng
c.
Tnh ton:
B keo t - to bng c mt bng dng hnh ch nht, lm bng btng ct thp
vi thnh dy 100mm. B c chia lm hai ngn: ngn trn v ngn phn ng.
Ngn trn:
- Chn thi gian lu nc trong ngn t = 10 pht. G = 1000s
- Th tch cn thit ca ngn trn l: V Q t

8.33 5
0.69(m3 )
60

- Kch thc ca ngn trn: L x B x H = 0.8 x 0.8 x 1.5m.


Ngn phn ng:
- Chn thi gian lu trong nc 45 pht
- Th tch ca ngn phn ng:

Q t

8.33 45
60

Th tch tng cng ca b: 6.25 + 0.69 = 6.94(m3)


Chn chiu cao lp nc trong b HL = 1m
Chiu cao bo v : Hbv = 0.5m

6.25m3

(gradien thy lc).

Chiu cao tng cng: H = 1+0.5 =1.5 (m)


Din tch ca b: F =

V
H

6.94
1.5

4.6m2

Vy kch thc ca b keo t to bng: L x B x H = 2.2 x 2.2 x 1.5m


Chn ng c khuy:
- Cng sut khuy P V G 2

0.69

1000

0.656 10

452(W )

: nht ng hc ca nc thi
- Hiu sut ng c

= 0.7

- ng knh cnh khy: D = 0.25 x 0.8 = 0.2(m)


- Cng sut ng c: Pdc

452
0.7

645.7(W )

0.6457(KW ) = 0.65 (kw).

- Tnh s vng quay ca cnh khuy l:


n

1/ 3

P
k

D5

645.7
6.3 1000 0.25

1/ 3

6.84 (vng/s) = 410 (vng/pht)

2.2.2.4. B LNG T I
Chc nng: Thc hin qu trnh lng cc bng cn t b keo t to bng dn ti.
Tnh ton: chn b lng t 1 l loi b lng ly tm, c mt bng hnh trn, nc thi
vo t tm v thu nc theo chu vi b lng li tm.
- Din tch tit din t ca ng trung tm: f

Qtb.s
vtt

2.3 10
0.03

0.08(m2 )

Qtb.s : lu lng trung bnh (m3/s).


Vtt

: tc chuyn ng ca nc trong ng trung tm (m/s).

- Din tch tit din t ca b lng: F

Qtb.s
u0

2.3 10 3
0.0007

Uo: tc lng ca ht cn uo= 0.0007 0.0022(m/s).


- Vy din tch ca b lng l: F1 3.31 0.08 3.39(m2 )
- ng knh b lng l: D

4F1

4 3.39

2.1(m)

3.31(m2 )

- ng knh ng trung tm l: d

4 f tt

4 0.08

0.1(m)

- Tng chiu cao vng lng h1= 3.5 (m)


t: Thi gian lu nc, t = 2 gi.
- Chiu cao bo v hbv = 0.3m
- Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng l: Ht

h1

hbv

3.5 0.3 3.8 (m).

- Kch thc ca b l: D x H = 2.1 x 3.8 m.


Q
.D

200
30.3(m3 / m.ngy).
2.1
t
Xc nh hiu qu kh BOD5 v SS :
R
a b t

- Ti trng mng trn: LS

RBOD

2
0.018 0.02 2

34.48%

2
0.0075 0.014 2

56.33%

Trong : t l thi gian lu nc t = 2 (gi)


a, b l cc hng s thc nghim.
i vi BOD5 th a = 0.018; b = 0.02; vi SS th a = 0.0075; b = 0.014.
Xc nh lng bn sinh ra
- Lng bn kh sinh ra mi ngy
G

56.33
653.33mg / l 10
100

73.6

kg
m3
l
200
1000 3
mg
ngay
m

kg
ngay

- Th tch bn sinh ra mi ngy: V bun

G
C

73.6
80

0.92 (m3/ngy)

Trong : G l lng bn sinh ra mi ngy


C: hm lng cht rn trong bn nm trong khon 40 120g/l = 40 120
kg/m3, ly trung bnh C = 80 kg/m3
Sau khi i qua b lng t 1 hm lng SS gim 56.33%, BOD gim 34.48%.
Ta c Hm lng SS v BOD sau khi ra khi b lng 1 l:
SS = 180 x (100% 56.33%) = 78.6 (mg/l)

BOD = 520 x (100% 34.48%) = 340.7 (mg/l).


2.2.2.5. B AEROTANK
Chc nng: Thc hin qu trnh phn hy cc cht hu c ha tan c trong nc thi
iu kin hiu kh.
Tnh ton:
Hm lng cc cht sau khi qua b lng t 1 nh sau:
COD = 565 mg/l.
BOD = 340.7 mg/l.
SS = 78.6 mg/l.
mu: 74 Pt Co.
Cc thng s tnh ton c bn:
Thi gian lu bn:

5 15 ngy.

T s F/M: 0.2 0.6 kg/kg.ngy.


Ti trng th tch: 0.8 1.92 kgBOD5/m3.ngy.
Nng MLSS: 2500 4000mg/l.
T s th tch trn lu lng gi: W
Q

T s tun hon bn hot tnh: Qth

3 5h
0.25 1

iu kin tnh ton qu trnh bn hot tnh xo trn hon ton:


MLVSS: MLSS = 0.8
Hm lng bn tun hon: Xth = 8000mgVSS/l
Hm lng bn hot tnh trong b: MLVSS = 3000mg/l.
Thi gian lu bn trung bnh:

10 ngy.

Nc thi c cha y lng cht dinh dng N, P v cc cht vi lng khc.


BOD5 : BODL = 0.68
BOD5 : N : P = 100 : 5 : 1
Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi cn t sau x l: Cs = 40mg/l.

Hm lng ca cc nguyn t dinh dng thch hp cho qu trnh hiu kh l BOD :


N : P = 100 : 5 : 1
Kim tra nc thi u vo Aerotank:
Ta c: BOD5 : N : P = 340.7 : 1.38 : 0.42 = 811 : 3.3 : 1. Do vy, ta phi b sung thm
Nit cho b Aerotank ( b sung bng bm nh lng).
340.7 5
17(mg / l)
100

Ta c lng Nit cn c l : N

Lng Phtpho cn c l :

340.7 1
100

3.41(mg / l)

Vy lng Nit b sung l : Nbs = 17 1.38 = 15.62 (mg/l).


Nit s c b sung bng ur. Vy lng ur cn thit l :

15.62 60
28

Lu lng nc thi cn x l l Q = 200 m3/ngy.


Lng ur tiu th =

33.5 200
1000

6.7(kg / ngay) .

Nng dung dch Ur s dng l 10% hay 100kg/m3.


Lu lng dung dch ur cung cp =

6.7
100

0.067(m3 / ngay) .

Thi gian lu dung dch l 1 ngy


Th tch b yu cu l 0.067 m3.
Chn 1 my bm chm ur, Q = 3(l/h), p lc 1.5 bar.
Lng Phtpho b sung l : Pbs = 3.41 0.42 = 3(mg/l).
Phtpho c b sung bng H3PO4.
Vy lng H3PO4 cn thit l :

3 98
31

9.5(mg / l).

Lu lng nc thi cn x l l Q = 200 m3/ngy.


Lng ur tiu th =

9.5 200
1.9(kg / ngay) .
1000

Nng dung dch Ur s dng l 85% hay 850kg/m3.

33.5(mg / l)

Lu lng dung dch ur cung cp =

1.9
850

2.2 10 3 (m3 / ngay)

2.2(l / ngay) .

Chm bng bm nh lng.


Cc bc tnh ton cho aerotank khuy trn hon ton
- Xc nh BOD5 ca nc thi u vo v u ra ca b aerotank :
Ta c BODvo = 340.7 (mg/l).
Chn hiu qu x l BOD ca b aerotank l 90%
Vy BOD5ra = 340.7 x (1 0.9) = 34.7 (mg/l).
- Tnh BOD5 ho tan trong nc u ra
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht:
BODra = BOD5 ho tan trong nc u ra + BOD5 ca cht l lng trong nc u ra
Trong BOD5 u ra l 34.7 mg/l
BOD5 ha tan i ra t b Aerotank l S, mg/l
- SSra = 20 mg/l (65% l cn c th phn hy sinh hc )
- BOD5 cha trong cn l lng u ra: 0.65 x 20 = 13 mg/l.
Vy lng oxy cn thit l: 13(mg/l) x 1.42( mgoxy/ mg t bo )= 18.46 (mg/l)
Chuyn i t gi tr BOD20 sang BOD5
BOD5 = BOD20 x 0.68 = 18.46 x 0.68 = 12.55 (mg/l)
Vy 34.7( mg/l) = S + 12.55(mg/l) S = 22.15(mg/l)
Tnh hiu qu x l:
+ Hiu qu tnh theo BOD5 ha tan:
So S
100
So

340.7 22.15
100 93.5%
340.7

+ Hiu qu x l ca ton b s
340.7 34.7
100 89.8%
340.7

- Xc nh th tch b aerotank:
V

Vi
c

Q Y (So
X (1 K d
c

: thi gian lu bn

S)
c)

10 200 0.5 (340.7 22.15)


3000 (1 0.05 10)

= 10 ngy.

71(m3 ) .

Q: Lu lng trung bnh ngy Q = 200 m3/ngy.


Y: H s sn lng bn Y = 0.5 mg VSS/mgBOD5
La: BOD5 ca nc thi dn vo b La = 340.7 mg/l.
Lt: BOD5 ho tan ca nc thi ra khi b aerotank Lt = 22.15mg/l.
X: Hm lng bn ho tan X = 3000 mg/l
Kd: H s phn hu Kd = 0.05mg-1
V
Q

+ Thi gian lu ca b:

71
200

0.36 (ngy) = 8.64(h).

Chn chiu cao hu ch H = 3m, chiu cao bo v h = 0.5m.


Vy chiu cao tng cng ca b l: Ht = H + h = 3 + 0.5 = 3.5(m).
Chn chiu rng b B = 4m
V

Chiu di L ca b: L

B H

71
4 3.5

5.1(m) .

Vy kch thc ca b Aerotank l L x B x H = 5.1 x 4 x 3.5m.


Tnh ton lng bn d thi ra mi ngy
H s sn lng quan st (Yobs) l:
Y obs

V
1 Kd

0.5mgVSS / mgBOD5
1 0.05mg 1 10g 1

0.333mgVSS / mgBOD 5 .

Lng bn sinh ra mi ngy theo VSS l:


PVSS = Yobs x Qx (BODv BODr) = 0.333mgVSS/mgBOD5 x 200m3/ngy x (340.7
22.15)gBOD/m3 x 10-3kg/g.= 21(kg/ngay)
Tng lng bn sinh ra mi ngy theo SS l: PSS

PVSS
0.7

21
0.7

30(kgSS / ngy).

+ Lng cn d hng ngy phi x i:


Px = Pss Q x 20 x 10-3 = 30 200 x 20 x 10-3 = 26 (kg/ ngy)
Xc nh lng bn tun hon
S lm vic ca h thng:
Q, So

B
aerotank

B lng 2

Qr, Xr, S

Qe, S, Xe

+ Xc nh lu lng bn d x ra hng ngy (Qw) t b lng theo ng tun hon bn :


c

V.X
Qw.X r Q.Xe

V .X

Q.X e .
Xr. c

Trong : X l nng bn hot tnh trong b X = 3000mg/l.


Xr l nng cht rn bay hi c trong bn tun hon
Xth = 0.7 x 200 = 140 (mg/l)
Xe: nng cht rn bay hi u ra : Xe= 20 x 0.7 =14 (mgVSS).
Qw l lu lng bn d cn x l (m3/ngy).
Q l lu lng nc thi (m3/ngy).
Qw

c
c

Q Xe

Xr

71 3000 10 200 14
10 8000

2.66 (m3/ngy).

+ Lng oxy cn thit cho qu trnh bn hot tnh


Khi lng BOD L tiu th trong qu trnh sinh hc bn hot tnh l:
M BODL

Q (So S )
0.68

200 (340.7 22.15) 10


0.68

93.69 (kg/ngy).

Nhu cu oxy cho qu trnh l:


M O2

M BODL 1.42 21.2

93.69 1.42 21.2

63.6 (kgO2/ngy).

Gi s rng khng kh c 23.2% trng lng oxy v khi lng ca khng kh l


1.2 kg/m3.
Vy Lng khng kh l thuyt cho qu trnh l:
M kk

M O2
0.232 1.2

63.6
0.232 1.2

228.4 (m3/ngy).

Kim tra lng khng kh cn thit cho xo trn hon ton l:


q

M kk
E V

228.4 1000
0.093 71 1440

24(l / m3 . pht).

Trong : V l th tch aerotank (m3).


E l hiu qu x l BOD (%)
Tr s q nm trong khong cho php q = 20 40 l/m3.pht.
Nh vy lng khng kh cp cho qu trnh hot tnh cng cho nhu cu xo
trn hon ton.
Lng kh cu thit ca my thi kh l:
Qkk

M kk
E

2 228.4
0.093 1440

3.4 (m3/pht).

2.2.2.6. B LNG T II
Chc nng: Lng hn hp nc bn t b aerotank dn qua.
Tnh ton: Chn loi b lng c mt bng l hnh trn
Qtb
vtt

- Din tch tit din t ng trung tm ca b lng l: f

2.3 10
0.03

0.08(m2 )

Q: lu lng tnh ton


vtt tc dng chy trong ng trung tm
- Din tch tit din t ca phn lng ca b lng l: F0

Qtt
v2

2.3 10 3
0.0005

4.6(m2 )

v2 : tc chy trong b lng ng

- Din tch tng cng ca b lng l: F

F0

- Chn ng knh ca b lng: D

4F

- ng knh ng trung tm l: d

4 f

- Chiu su lp nc trong b lng l: h1

4.6 0.08

4 4.68

4 0.08
v2 t

t : thi gian lu nc trong b lng (t = 1.5h).

- Chn chiu cao bo v: hbv = 0.3 m.

4.68(m2 )

2.45(m). Chn D = 2.5 (m).

0.32(m)

0.0005 1.5 3600

2.7(m)

- Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng l: H = 2.7 + 0.3 = 3 (m).


Vy kch thc b l D x H = 2.5 x 3m.
Tnh bm nuc thi t b lng 2 qua b lc p lc:
Chn 2 bm nc thi (1 hot ng, 1 d phng) nh b iu ha, Q bm = 12.5 (m3/h),
cng sut 1 Hp.
2.2.2.7. B LC P LC
Chc nng: Gi li lng cn l lng cn trong nc thi bng lp vt liu lc. Kt qu
ca qu trnh lc l sau khi ra khi thit b lc p lc nc thi khng c mu c, hiu
qu ca qu trnh lc t 70 85% theo hm lng cn cn li trong nc thi.
Tnh ton:
- Chn tc lc l v = 8m/h.
- Din tch b mt b lc:

- ng knh b lc p lc: D

Qhtb
v

8.33
1.04(m2 ) .
8

4A

4 1.04

1.15(m) . Vy chn D = 1.2m.

- Khong cch t b mt vt liu lc n phu thu nc ra: h = HVL.e + 0.25


Trong : HVL l chiu cao vt liu lc.
e l gin n vt liu lc khi ra ngc, e = 0.25 0.5
Chn:
- i vi ct: + Chiu cao lp ct h1 = 0.3m.
+ ng knh hiu qu de = 0.5mm.
+ H s ng nht U = 1.5.
- i vi than: + Chiu cao lp than h2 = 0.5m
+ ng knh hiu qu de = 1.2mm.
+ H s ng nht U = 1.6.
h

(0.3

0.5) 0.4

0.25

0.57(m)

- Chiu cao tng cng ca b lc p lc:


H = h + HVL + hbv + h + hthu = 0.57 + (0.3 + 0.5) + 0.5 + 0.2 + 0.3 = 2.4(m)
Trong :

hbv: chiu cao an ton, hbv = 0.5m.


hd: Chiu cao lp si , h = 0.2m.
hthu: Chiu cao phn thu nc, hthu = 0.3m.
- Vy th tch b lc p lc l: V

F.H

.D2
.H
4

(1.2) 2
2.4
4

2.7(m3 ) .

- Vy kch thc b lc l: D x H = 1.2 x 2.4m


- Tn tht p lc qua lp vt liu lc sch (u chu k lc):
h

1
60
L V .
h
o
C 1.8t 42 d102

Trong :
C: H s nn, C = 600 1200 ty thuc vo tnh ng nht v sch. Chn C =
1000.
to: Nhit ca nc (oC), t = 30 (oC).
d10: ng knh hiu qu ca vt liu lc (mm).
v: Tc lc (m/h), v = 8 (m/h).
L: Chiu dy lp vt liu lc (m).
+ i vi lp lc ct: h1

1
60
0.2
8 0.004(m) .
1000 1.8 30 42 (0.5) 2

+ i vi lp lc than hat tnh: h2

1
60
0.4
8 0.001(m) .
2
1000 1.8 30 42 (1.2)

- Vy tn tht p lc qua hai lp vt liu lc l: h = 0.004 + 0.001 = 0.005(m).


- Chn th tch si l 0.2m2
- Th tch lp ct: Vc = A x h1 = 1.04 x 0.3 = 0.312 (m3).
- Th tch lp than: Vt = A x h2 = 1.04 x 0.5 = 0.52 (m3).
Tnh ton qu trnh ra lc (ra ngc)
- Chn tc ra nc vnc = 0.35(m3/m2.pht)
- Ra ngc bng nc trong thi gian t = 4 5 pht vi tc vnc = 0.35
(m3/m2.pht).
- Lng nc cn thit ra ngc cho b lc (Wn):

Wn = A x vnc x t = 1.04 x 0.35 x 5 = 1.82 (m3).


- Lu lng bm nc ra ngc cho b lc (Qn):
Qn = A x vnc x 60pht = 1.04 x 0.35 x 60 = 21.84 (m3/h) 22 (m3/h).
- Cng sut ca bm: N

Q.H . .g
1000.

22 8 1000 9.81
3600 1000 0.8

0.6(kW ).

- Vy chn bm ly tm c cng sut l 1 Hp ca Ytalia.


2.2.2.8. B KH TRNG
Chc nng: Ph hy, tiu dit cc loi vi khun gy bnh c trong nc thi trc khi x
ra ngun tip nhn. ng thi tp trung nc sau lc vi thi gian lu l 30 pht.
Tnh ton:
- Th tch ca b kh trng l:
V

8.33m3 / h 30 phut
60

4.2(m3 )

- Chn chiu cao lp nc trong b l 1.4m.


Kch thc b: B x L x H = 1.5 x 2 x 1.4m
2.2.2.9. B NN BN
Chc nng: Tch bt nc do mt phn bn hot tnh t b lng 2 v cc bng cn t b
lng 1 a vo, lm gim s b m ca bn, to iu kin thun li cho cc qu trnh
x l bn phn tip theo.
Tnh ton:
Chn loi b nn bn ng, bn t b lng t 2 v lng 1 c a n b nn
bn nhm lm gim m xung cn khong 96 97%.
Thng s thit k b nn bn ng:
- Lng bn a n b nn bn: Q = 3.2 (m3/ngy) = 0.13 (m3/h)
- Din tch b mt yu cu: F

Qh
qo

0.13m3 / h
0.3m3 / m2 .h

0.43(m2 ) .

Trong : qo l ti trng tnh ton ln din tch mt thong ca b nn bn v c chn


ph thuc vo nng bn hot tnh dn vo b nn bn, m3/ m2.h

- ng knh ca b nn bn:
D

- Th tch bn sau nn: V

4 F

4 0.43

99.6kg / ngay
1 0.98 1000kg /

- Nng bn sau p 12%

0.74(m).

3
4.98(m3 / ngy) = 0.21(m /h)

m3

- Khi lng bn sau nn: 99.6kg/ngy 0.12 = 12(kg/ngy)


- Chiu cao cng tc ca vng nn: H = qo x t = 0.3 x 10 = 3 (m).
Trong : t l thi gian nn, t = 10h.
qo l ti trng tnh ton ln din tch mt thong ca b nn bn v c chn
ph thuc vo nng bn hot tnh dn vo b nn bn m3/m2.h.
- Chiu cao tng cng ca b nn bn:
HT = H + hb + hd + hbv = 0.3 + 0.7 + 0.3 + 0.3 = 4.3 (m).
Trong : hb l chiu cao lp bn, hb = 0.6 2.4m, chn hb = 0.7m.
hbv l chiu cao bo v, hbv = 0.3m.
- dc y b l 100m2/m.
- Tc thanh gt bn l 0.03 vng/pht.
- Kch thc ca b nn bn (ng knh v chiu cao): D x H = 1.5 x 4.3m.
Bn c bm t b nn sang sn phi bn vi thi gian l 8 gi/ngy.
Vy chn bm c lu lng l Q = 5m3/ngy.
2.2.2.10. SN PHI BN
Chc nng: Lm ro nc trong cn t n m cn thit thun li cho vn chuyn
v x l cn tip theo.
Tnh ton:
- Lng cn a n sn l: Qc = 4.98(m3/ngy).
- Din tch hu ch ca sn phi bn: F

Qc 30
qo n

4.98 30
18.7(m2 )
2 4

Vi qo: Ti trng cn ln sn phi bn, chn q o = 2 m3/m2/ngy (xt trng hp cn ti


v bn hot tnh ln men vi nn nhn to c h thng rt nc).
n: H s ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu, chn n = 4.

- Chia sn phi bn ra lm 2 ngn, din tch mi ngn l 9.4 m2. Kch thc mi ngn l
L x B = 3.5 x 2.7 m.
- Din tch ph ca sn phi bn ly bng 20% din tch sn phi bn:
F2 = 0.2 x 18.7= 3.74 (m2).
- Din tch tng cng ca sn phi: F = 18.7+ 3.74 = 22.5 (m2).
- Chia sn phi bn ra lm 2 ngn, din tch mi ngn l 11.25 m2.
- Chn sn phi bn hnh ch nht
- Kch thc mi ngn l L x B = 4 x 2.8m.
- Chiu cao sn phi bn: H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4
Trong : h1 l b dy y btng, h1 = 250 mm.
h2 l b dy lp si , h2 = 200 mm.
h3 l b dy lp ct, h3 = 250 mm.
h4 l chiu cao cha bn v chiu cao an ton, h4 = 500mm
Vy H = 250 + 200 + 250 + 500 = 1 200 (mm) = 1.2 (m).
Lm 2 n nguyn c kch thc ging nhau.
Khong 20 30 ngy x bn mt ln, bn kh c thu gom bng gu hoc my.
Tnh ton lng ha cht
+ Lng ha cht cho vo b keo t:
B cha dung dch axit sunfuric H2SO4 v bm chm H2SO4.
- Lu lng cn thit Qtbh = 8.33m3/h.
- Nng dung dch H2 SO4 20%, trng lng ring ca dung dch l 1.84
- Lng axit chm vo b keo t:
Mc ch: a pH ca nc thi v 6.5.
pH = 9, gi s K = 5.5x10-6mol/l.
5.5 10 6 98 200 1000
Liu lng axit chm vo (ly d 10%):
20% 1.84 10

0.3 (l/ngy).

Vy chn 2 bm nh lng (1 vn hnh, 1 d phng) c Q = 0.0125(l/h), p lc 1.5bar.


B trn dung dch phn v bm chm dung dch phn.
Lu lng thit k Q = 200m3/ngy.

Lng phn nhm cn thit l 600mg/l.


Khi lng phn l 600 x 200 x 10-6 = 0.12 (kg/ngy).
Dung dch phn c nng 40 % (tc 400kg/m3).
Lu lng phn l

120
400

0.3 (m3/ngy) = 300(l/ngy)..

Chn b trn phn bng nha compositte c th tch 1000l.


Chn 2 bm nh lng (1 vn hnh, 1 d phng) c Q = 12.5(l/h), p lc 1.5bar.
+ B cha PAC v bm chm PAC:
Lu lng thit k Q = 200m3/ngy.
Lng cht tr keo t PAC l 0.4mg/l.
Khi lng PAC l 0.4 x 200 x 10-3 = 0.08(kg/ngy).
PAC c nng 2% (20kg/m3).
Lu lng PAC l

0.08
20

3
0.004 (m /ngy) = 4 (l/ngy) = 0.17 (l/h).

Thng cha lng ha cht s dng cho 15 ngy.


Vy chn thng cha c th tch l 4 x 15 = 60 (l).
Chn 2 bm nh lng (1 vn hnh, 1 d phng) c Q = 0.17(l/h), p lc 1.5bar.
+ Lng Cl dng kh trng
Chc nng: Kh trng nc nhm mc ch ph hy, tiu dit cc loi vi khun gy
bnh
Tnh ton:
- Lng Clo hot tnh cn thit kh trng nc thi. Chn Clo dng l dung dch
Javen 10%.
Lu lng thit k: Q = 200m3/ngy
Liu lng clo: 8mg/l
Lng clo chm vo b kh trng l:8 x 200 x10-3 = 1.6 (kg/ ngy)
Nng dung dch NaOCl:10%
Lng NaOCl 10% chm vo b kh trng:
Chn bm nh lng l 1 l/h.

1.6
16 (l/ ngy) = 0.7 (l/h).
0.1

TNH TON THIT K CC N V CNG TRNH ( THAM KHO S 2)

1 Song chn rc
Nhim v song chn rc
Song chn rc l cng trnh x l s b, mc ch ca qu trnh ny l kh cc tp cht th
(gi, rc, l cy, ) c th gy ra s c trong qu trnh vn hnh x l nc thi nh lm tc
bm, tc ng ng hoc knh dn y l bc quan trng bo m an ton v iu kin lm
vic thun li cho c h thng.

Tnh ton kch thc song chn rc


Nc thi sau khi qua ngn tip nhn s c dn ti song chn rc bng mng dn.

Bng 2: Cc thng s thy lc mng dn nc thi


Thng s

n v

Gi tr

Qd

m3/d

600

QhTB

m3/h

25

Qhmax

m3/h

40

Qgi ymax

m3/s

0.0083

dc i

0,001

Chiu ngang B
Vn tc Vmax
y H

0.3

m/s

0.38

0.12

Chiu su ca lp nc song chn rc ly bng y ca mng dn ng


vi Qmax
H1 = Hmax = 0,12 m

S khe h ca song chn rc c tnh theo cng thc:


Qmax
K
V l H1

0.0083
1, 05 11.376 12
0, 38 0, 016 0,12

Trong :
n

: s khe h

Qmax

: lu lng ln nht ca nc thi, Qmax = 0,0083m3/s

Vmax

: vn tc nc chy qua song chn rc, Vmax = 0,38 m/s

: khong cch gia cc khe h, l = 16mm = 0,016 m

: h s tnh n mc cn tr dng chy, k = 1,05

Chiu rng ca song chn rc c tnh theo cng thc:


Bs = s(n 1) + (l n) = 0,008(12 1) + (0,016 12) = 0.28 m
Trong :
s

: b dy ca thanh song, chn s = 0,008 m

Tn tht p lc qua song chn rc:

hs

2
Vmax
K1
2g

Vmax

: vn tc ca nc thi trc song chn ng vi Qmax, Vmax = 0,38

K1

: h s tnh n s tng tn tht do vng rc, K1 = 3

0,628

0,382
3
2 9,81

0,014 m

Trong :
m/s
: h s sc cn cc b,
4/3

sin

1,83

0,008

3/ 4

sin60 0

0,628

0,016
: h s ph thuc vo tit din thanh song, ly theo bng 3-7 sch

X l nc thi th v cng nghip (Lm Minh Trit), ly = 1,83


: gc nghing song chn so vi hng dng chy,

Chiu di phn m rng ca song chn:

L1

Bs Bm
2tg

0,5 0,3
2tg20 0

0,275m

Trong :
Bs

: chiu rng ca song chn rc, Bs = 0,5 m

Bm

: chiu rng ca mng dn, Bm = 0,3 m


: gc nghing phn m rng,

= 200

= 600

Chiu di xy dng song chn rc:


L=2

L1 + L2 = 2

0,275 + 1 = 1,55 m

Trong :
L2

: chiu di phn cng tc song chn rc, L2 = 1 m

Chiu su xy dng ca song chn rc:


H = H1 + hs + 0,3 = 0,12 + 0,014 + 0,3 = 0,434 m
Trong :
hs

: tn tht p lc qua song chn rc, hs = 0,014 m

Hiu sut kh SS t 5%, vy SS ra khi song chn rc l:


SSr = SSv

(100% - 5%) = 664

(100% - 5%) = 630 mg/l

Bng 3: Nng cht bn ra khi song chn rc


Ch s

n v

BOD5

Gi tr
Dng vo

Dng ra

mg/l

1610

1610

COD

mg/l

2300

2300

SS

mg/l

664

630

B iu ho lu lng
Chc nng b iu ho
Nc thi cng nghip c thi ra vi lu lng thng bin i theo gi, thi v sn
xut, ma (ma, nng). Trong khi cc h thng sinh hc phi c cung cp nc thi u
n v th tch cng nh v cc cht cn x l 24/24 gi. Do s hin din ca mt b iu ho
l ht sc cn thit. B iu ho lu lng c dng duy tr dng thi vo gn nh khng
i, khc phc nhng vn vn hnh do s dao ng lu lng nc thi gy ra, gim c
kch thc cc cng trnh sinh hc sau v nng cao hiu sut ca cc qu trnh cui dy
chuyn x l.

Tnh ton kch thc b iu ho


Chn thi gian lu l 4gi
Th tch ca b iu ho

Q max
t 160m3 V
h

Qhmax t 160m3

B iu ho c hnh dng ch nht, chn chiu cao cng tc ca b H ct = 4 m, chiu


cao phn bo v hbv = 0,4 m, vy chiu cao xy dng b iu ho:
H = Hct + hbv = 4 + 0,4 = 4,4 m
Din tch b:
Vh (tt )

H ct

160
4

40 m2

B L

5m 8m

Chn chiu di L = 8 m ; chiu rng B = 5 m


Vy th tch thc ca b:
Vtt

L B H XD

8 5 4.4 176m3

Lng kh nn cn thit cho khuy trn:

qkh = R

Vh(tt) = 0,012

160 = 1.92 m3/pht = 115.2 m3/gi

R: tc kh nn, R = 10 15 l/m3.pht, theo bng 9-7 sch X l nc


thi th v cng nghip (Lm Minh Trit), chn R = 12 l/m3.pht = 0,012 m3/m3.pht
B iu ha khuy trn bng kh nn s dng ng c l, b tr theo dng li.
Theo bng 9-8 sch X l nc thi th v cng nghip (Lm Minh Trit), chn:
-

Lu lng kh qua mi l l = 40 l/pht.l ( quy phm t 28 133 l/pht.l)

Chn hiu sut chuyn ho oxy


S l khuch tn kh:
n

= 26%.( quy phm t 22 29%).

qkh
1000
l

115.2 1000 48 l
40 60

V ta c 5 ng phn phi kh nn chn n = 50 l

Lu lng kh qua mi l khuch tn thc t:


ltt

qkh
n

115.2 24
50 100

0.6m3 / h

Chn s l trn 1 ng=10 l, nh vy khong cch gia cc l theo chiu di


l:
ll

L
n

7 0.7m
10

Khong cch gia cc l theo chiu rng b:


L= 1m

Chn ng phn phi kh chnh c

=0.075m

Vn tc kh trong ng chnh l
vc

qkh 4
3,14 D 2

7.25m/s

Chn ng phn phi kh nhnh c


vnh

qkh 4
3,14 D 2

=0.034m
7.05m/s

Bng 4: Thng s k thut b iu ho lu lng


Thng s

n v

Gi tr

Vh(lt)

m3

160

Vh(tt)

m3

176

Gi

m2

40

4.4

Hct

hbv

0,4

Bng 5: Thng s k thut v cp kh cho b iu ho lu lng


Thng s

n v

Gi tr

qkhi

m3/gi

115.2

50

Vng chnh

m/s

7.25

Dng chnh

0,075

vnhnh

m/s

7.05

Dnhnh

0,034

Tnh ton my thi kh


p lc cn thit ca my thi kh
H=4.4m=0.44atm

Nng sut yu
cu

Qkh= 115.2m3/h

Trng lng ca dng khng kh


G

qkhi

khi

0.0416kg / s

Cng sut my thi kh


n

GRT

P2

may

29.7 n e

1.92kw P
may

GRT

P2

29.7 n e

Trong

1.92kw

P
1

R l hng s kh=8.314KJ/Kmol
T l nhit tuyt i T=3000K
P1: p sut tuyt i ca khng kh u vo=1atm
P2: p sut tuyt i u ra=0.44+1=1.44atm
N=(k-1)/k=0.283 (k=1.395 i vi khng kh)
29.7 h s chuyn i
E l hiu sut ca my, chn e= 0.7
Nc thi sau khi qua b iu ha s c lu lng khng i theo thi
gian : Q = 25 m3/h

Hiu sut kh BOD5 v COD t 15%, nng cc cht ra khi b iu


ho cn li l:
BOD5(ra) = BOD5(v) (100% - 15%) = 1610
COD(ra) = COD(v) (100% - 15%) = 2300

(100% - 15%) = 1368.5 mg/l


(100% - 15%) = 1955 mg/l

Bng 6: Nng cht bn ra khi b iu ha


Ch s

n v

BOD5

mg/l

Gi tr
Dng vo

Dng ra

1610

1368.5

COD

mg/l

2300

1955

SS

mg/l

664

630

B lng 1 ( lng ly tm)


Chc nng ca b lng 1
B lng 1 dng loi b cc ht cn l lng c kh nng lng c gip cc cng trnh
ph sau hot ng hiu qu hn v cng trnh lm h hng my bm bi cc ht cn c kch
thc ln

Tnh ton b lng 1


B lng 1 c dng hnh trn, nc thi vo t tm b ri i ra, thu nc theo chu vi b.

Bng 7: Cc thng s nc u vo ca b lng1


Ch s

n v

Gi tr

Lu lng

m3/ng

600

BOD5

mg/l

1368.5

COD

mg/l

1955

SS

mg/l

630

Chn ti trng b mt V0=40m3/m2.d (quy phm 32 48 m3/m2.d)


Qtbd = 600m3/d
Din tch b mt b lng 1
F1=Qtb/V0=15m2
Chn ng knh ng trung tm
Dtt=20%D (quy phm 15 20%)
ng knh b D

Chn Db = 4.5 m

4(F1

f tt )

Dtt = 0.9 m

Tnh li din tch cn thit

4.4m

t
1.83
t a b 1.83 0.0075 0.014

55.25%

Xc nh li ti trng b mt ca b lng 1
Q 24
F1

V0

37.736m3 / m2 .d

Chn
:
-

chiu su b lng H=3m

Chiu cao lp bn lng hbn=0.7m

Chiu cao lp trung ho hth=0.2m

Chiu cao bo v hbv=0.3m


Chiu cao tng cng Htc=4.2m
Chiu cao ng trung tm h=60%=1.8m

Kim tra

Th tch phn cng tc


b
V ct

thi gian lu ca b

(Dbe2

d tt2 ) H

45.78m3

t = Vct /Q = 1.83 gi

Tng chiu di mng rng ca :


L=

D = 14.13m

Ti trng thu lc ca mng trng


Ls = Q/L = 42.46m3/m2.d

Hiu qu kh BOD5 :

t
1.83
t a b 1.83 0.018 0.02
Trong a,b l cc hng s thc nghim
R

33.52%

Hiu qu kh SS

t
t a b

1.83
1.83 0.0075 0.014

Nng cc cht ra khi b lng 1

BOD5=BODV(100%-33.52%)= 909.78 mg/l


CODR=1299.68 mg/l

55.25%

SSr=279.14 mg/l
Lng bn ti sinh ra mi ngy

Mbun=(664 - 279.14)600.10-3=231kg/d

Th tch bn sinh ra mi ngy

Vbun = Mbun/C = 2.9 m3/d


Trong C l hm lng cht rn trong bn ly = 80kg/m3

Bng 8: Nng cht bn ra khi b lng 1


Ch s

n v

BOD5

Gi tr
Dng vo

Dng ra

mg/l

1368.5

909.78

COD

mg/l

1955

1299.68

SS

mg/l

630

279.14

B UASB
C s chn phng n
X l sinh hc bng vi sinh vt ym kh l qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c, v c c
trong nc thi trong mi trng khng c oxy. Quy trnh ny c p dng x l n nh
cn v x l nc thi cng nghip c nng BOD5, COD cao ( 500 mg/l) p dng quy trnh
x l hai bc, bc mt x l ym kh, bc hai x l hiu kh.

Tnh ton thit k b UASB

Bng 9 : cc thng s thit k b UASB


Ch s

n v

Gi tr

Lu lng

m3/ng

600

BOD5

mg/l

909.78

COD

mg/l

1299.68

SS

mg/l

279.14

Yu cu sau b UASB: CODr

500 mg/l a qua quy trnh x l hiu kh tip theo,

chn CODr = 450 mg/l.

Hiu qu lm sch cn t ca b UASB:

CODv CODr
CODv

1299.68 450
1299.68

65.38%

Trong :
CODv : nng COD dn vo b UASB, CODv = 1299.68 mg/l.
CODr : nng COD dn ra khi b UASB, CODr = 450mg/l.

Lng COD cn kh 1 ngy:


G

Qng

CODv CODr

10

600

1299.68 450

10

509.808kg/d

Ti trng kh COD hng ngy (ly theo bng 12-1 sch Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh
x l nc thi TS. Trnh Xun Lai):
a = 8 kgCOD/m3.ngy

Dung tch phn x l ym kh:


Vk

G
a

509.808
8

Tc nc i ln trong

63.73 m3

0,6 0,9 m / h chn v = 0,8 m/h

b:
Din tch mt bng b cn thit:

F
Trong :

Q tbh
v

25
0,8

31,3 m 2

Qtbh

: lu lng nc thi dn vo b UASB tnh theo gi, Qtbh

= 25 m3/h.
: vn tc i ln ca nc trong b, v = 0,8 m/s

Chiu cao phn x l ym kh:


H1

Vk
F

63.73
31, 32

2, 04m

Chn chiu cao vng


lng:
H2 = 1,2 m
Chn chiu cao phn d tr:
H3 = 0,3 m.

Chiu cao xy dng b UASB:


H = H1 + H2 + H3 = 2,1 + 1,2 + 0,3 = 3.6 m

Th tch ton b b UASB:


Vt = H

F = 3.6

31,4 = 112.75 m3

Kim tra thi gian lu nc trong b:


F (H H 3 ) 31, 4 3, 6 0, 3
4,13h
Qtbh
25
Kch thc b UASB: ta c din tch mt bng b F = 31,4 m2, chn chiu
t

di ca b L = 5.8 m vy chiu rng ca b B = 5,4 m.


Tnh ton phn mng lng cn: chn gc nghing ca mng lng nghing
mt gc = 500 so vi tng ca b UASB
B c chia lm 2 ngn lng, chiu rng mi mng:
B
2
Chiu cao phn mng lng:
b

HL

B
: tg
4

5, 4
2

2, 7m

5, 4
: tg500
4

1, 4m

Kim tra chiu cao ngn lng: t s gia chiu cao mng lng so vi chiu
cao xy dng b phi

30%

HC
H

30%

1, 4
39% 30%
3, 6

Nh vy chiu cao phn mng lng m bo chiu cao thit k.


bo

Kim tra thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng, thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng phi m
1gi

Kim tra thi gian lu:


Vl
Qh

tl

31, 32

F (H L H 3 )
Qh

1, 4 0, 3
25

1, 4h

Trong :
tl
Vl
Qgi

: thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng, (gi)


: th tch ngn lng, Vl = F (H1 + H3)
: lu lng nc thi theo gi, Qgi = 25 m3/h

: din tch mt bng b, F = 31,32 m2

HL

: chiu cao ngn lng, HL = 1,4 m

H3

: chiu cao phn bo v, H3 = 0,3 m

Nh vy thi gian lng trong mng lng m bo yu cu thit k.


Tnh ton tm chn kh v tm hng dng

Khong cch gia 2 tm chn kh: vn tc nc chy qua khe vo ngn lng
nm trong khong 9 10 m/h, chn v = 10 m/h
Ta c:

Qh
Skhe

bk

25
4 5, 8 bk

25
4 5, 8 10

10m / h

0,108m

Trong :
bk
Skhe

: khong cch gia hai tm chn kh, m


: tng din tch tit din ngang ca cc khe,

Skhe = 4

bk (m2)

Tnh ton lng kh mtan sinh ra

Lng kh sinh ra khi phn hu 1 kg COD l: m = 0,5 m3/kg COD


Vy lu lng kh sinh ra trong mt ngy l:
Qkh = m

G = 0,5

509.808 = 255 m3/ng

Trong :
G

: lng COD kh mi ngy, G = 509.808 kgCOD/d

Trong tng ton b th tch kh sinh ra th kh CH4 chim 75% th tch, nh vy lng kh
mtan do b UASB sinh ra trong ngy l:

QCH4

Qkh

75%

255 75%

191, 25 m3 /d

Tnh ton dn ng phn phi nc vo


Phn phi nc vo b UASB bng dn ng xng c.
Chn vn tc nc trong ng chnh vc = 1 m/s, vn tc nc trong ng nhnh vn = 1 m/s,
vn tc trong ng xng c vx = 1 m/s, ng knh l phn phi d l = 15 mm. Tra bng tnh ton
lu lng ta c:

ng knh ng phn phi chnh: Dc = 100 mm.


ng knh ng nhnh: Dn = 60 mm.
ng knh ng xng c d = 27 mm.
Tnh ton lng bn sinh ra

Lng sinh khi hnh thnh mi ngy:

Px

Y
COD v
CODr Qd

Trong :

0, 04

1299, 68 450 600


1 0, 025 60

1
kd

10

8,17kgVS / d

: h s sn lng bn,
Y = 0,04gVSS/gCOD = 0,04kgK/S/kgCOD

CODv : nng COD dn vo b UASB, CODv = 1299,68mg/l.


CODr : nng COD dn ra khi b UASB, CODr = 450 mg/l
Qng

: lu lng nc thi, Qng = 600 m3/ng

kd

: h s phn hu ni bo, kd = 0,025ngay-1


: thi gian lu bn trong b, c = 60 ngy

Lng bn bm ra mi ngy:
Wb

Px
CSS

8,17
40

0, 204m3 / d

Trong :
: nng bn trong b UASB, Css = 40kg/m3.

CSS

Bng 10: Nng cc cht vo v ra khi b UASB


Gi tr
Dng vo

Dng ra

Hiu sut kh cht


bn(%)

mg/l

909.78

273

70

COD

mg/l

1299.68

450

65.4

SS

mg/l

279.14

97.7

65

Ch s

n v

BOD5

Bng 11: Cc thng s cu to b UASB


Thng s
B
L
bk
H1
H2
H3
H
Thi gian lu nc t

n v

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
Gi

Gi tr
50
5,4
5,8
0,108
2,1
1,2
0,3
3,6
4.13

B Aeroten
C s la chn phng n
Nc thi sau khi qua cc cng trnh x l c hc v sinh hc bc I nng ca cc cht
bn vn cn kh cao v vy nu p dng b aeroten c in thng thng x l s khng m
bo tiu chun p dng v khng t hiu qu cao. Aeroten xo trn hon ton l mt gii php
kh thng dng v phng php ny cho php nng BOD 5 vo b

1000 mg/l m hiu sut

x l ca cng trnh vn m bo yu cu.

Tnh ton thit k b aeroten xo trn hon ton


i vi b aeroten xo trn hon ton th hm lng cht rn l lng u vo khng quy
nh v nng BOD5 cho php di 1000mg/l

Bng 12:

Cc thng s u vo ca b aeroten

Ch s

n v

Gi tr

Lu lng

m3/ng

600

BOD5

mg/l

273

COD

mg/l

450

SS

mg/l

97.7

Xc nh lu lng bn tun hon cho b aeroten

Q, X0

AEROTEN

Q+Qth, X

Be
Lan g

Q, Xr

Qth, Xth

Qb, Xth
Hnh 1: S thit lp cn bng sinh khi quanh aeroten
Trong Q, Qth, ln lt l lu lng nc u vo, lu lng bn tun hon, (m3/d)
S,S0 l nng cht nn ( tnh theo BOD5) u vo v nng cht nn sau khi qua b
aeroten v b lng 2 (mg/l)
X, Xr, Xth l nng cht rn bay hi trong b aeroten, nng bn tun hon v nng
bn sau khi qua b lng 2 (mg/l)

Chn:
BOD5 ra = 20 mg/l

Cn l l lng u ra SSr=28 mg/l gm c 65% l cn c th phn hu sinh hc

Nc thi khi vo b Aerotank c hm lng cht rn l lng d bay hi


0

T s gia cht rn bay hi vi cht rn l lng l 0.8

X0 =

Lng bn tun hon 9000mg/l

Nng bn hot tnh c duy tr trong b aerotank l: X=3000 mg/l

Thi gian lu bn trong h thng

H s BOD5:BOD20 = 0.68

H s phn hu ni bo kd=0.06 ngy-1

H s sn lng ti a Y=0.5mgVSV/mgBOD5

=10 ngy

Tnh kch thc b aecrotank


Ta c : Phng trnh cn bng vt cht BOD5 u ra bng BOD5 ha tan i ra t b
aeronten + BOD5 cha trong lng cn l lng u ra.

Ta c : SSra = 28 mg/l
Lng BOD20 cha trong cn l lng ra khi b lng II :
0.65 28 18.2(mg / l)

Lng BOD20 khi b oxy ha ht chuyn thnh cn tng ln 1.42 ln (1 mg


BOD20 tiu th 1.42 mg O2.)
18.2(mg / l) 1.42 (mgO2/mg t bo) = 25.84 (mg/l)

Chuyn i gi tr BOD20 sang BOD5


BOD5 = BOD20 x 0.68 = 25.84 x 0.68 = 17.6 (mg/l)

Lng BOD5 ha tan ca nc thi sau lng II :


20 S 17.6
S 20 17.6 2.4(mg / l)

Hiu qu x l BOD5 ca b aeroten


E

273 20
100% 92.7%
273

Da vo cn bng sinh khi quanh b aerotanic ta c phng trnh cn bng


sinh khi :

QX 0
Trong
:

QTh XTh

(Q QTh ) X

- X0 = hm lng cn l lng u vo, mg/l


- Q = lu lng vo b : Q = 600m3/ngy.
- QTh : Lu lng bn tun hon; m3/ ngy
- XTh : Hm lng SS ca lp bn lng hoc bn tun hon, X Th =
9000mgSS/l
- X : Hm lng bn hot tnh trong b aeroten, X = 3000mg/l
Hm lng bn hot tnh trong b :
MLVSS 3000(mgVSS / l )
MLSS
3750mgSS / l
0.8
0.8
.Q , chia 2 v cho Q, biu thc trn c th khai trin

Gi s X0 = 0 v QTh =
nh sau :

X
X Th
Trong :

3750
9000 3750

0.71 (tha gii hn 0.25 1)

= h s tun hon

QTh
Q

QTh

.Q 0.71 600 426 m3/ngy


= 17.75m3/h

Th tch cng tc ca b aerotank


(Q QTh ) Y (S0 S )
V
X (1 Kd C)
(600 426) 10 0.5 (2.73 2.4)
3000(1 0.06 10)

289.2m3

Din tch b mt b :
F

V
H1

289.2
3.5

82.63m2

Trong : Chiu cao cng tc ca b chn H1 = 3,5m

Chn s n nguyn b n = 2, chiu rng mi b b = 4.1 m


Chiu di ca b aerotank l :

F
82.63
10(m)
2 b 2 4.1
Chiu rng ton b b B = 2 x b = 2 x 4.1 = 8.2 (m)
L

Chn chiu cao bo v ca b hbv = 0.5 (m)


Chiu cao tng cng ca b aerotanic :

H H1 hbv 3.5 0.5 4(m)


Vy kch thc ca mi b aerotank (c 2 b) :
L b H 10 4.1 4
Tnh thi gian lu nc trong b :
V
Q QTh

289.2 24 6.8(h)
(600 426)

Tnh lng bn d mi ngy :


H s sn lng quan st (Yobs)
Tnh theo phng trnh :

Y
1 K d Oc

Yobs

0.5
1 0.06 10

0.3125

Lng bn d sinh ra mi ngy theo VSS

X (VSS )

obs

Q(S

S ) 10

0.3125 600(273 2.4) 10

50.7kgVSS / ngy

Tng lng bn sinh ra mi ngy theo


SS
PX (VSS ) 50.7
62.5kgSS / d
0.8
0.8
Lng bn d c kh nng phn hy sinh hc cn x l :
Lng bn d cn x l = tng lng bn lng SS tr ra khi lng II.

PX (SS )

M d (SS) = 62.5 kgSS/ngy - 600 (m3/d) X = 45.7kgSS


Lng bn d c kh nng phn hy sinh hc cn x l :
M d (VSS)
Ta c cng thc :

= 45.7 x 0.8 = 36.6 kgSS/ngy m

c
Qw
Q

Vx

V0 X
X Th Qe X e
Qe X e Qe
X Th c

Trong :
V : Th tch b aerotank ; V = 289.2m3
X : Nng cht rn bay hi; X = 3000 mgVSS/l
c : Thi gian lu bn : c = 10 ngy.
Qe : lu lng nc a ra ngoi b lng t 2 : Qe = Q = 600
m3/ngy
Xe : nng , cht rn bay hi u ra ca h thng :
Xe = 28 mgSS/l x 0.8 = 22.4 mgVSS/l
XTh : nng cht rn bay hi trong bn hot ng tnh tun
hon
XTh = 9000 mgSS/l x 0.8
Qw

289.2 3000 600 22.4 10


10.2m3 /d
7200 10

Kim tra ti trng th tch LBOD v t s F/M .


Ti trng th tch :
LBOD

Q.La
V

600.401, 5.10
289.2

0.83

T s ny nm trong khong cho php LBOD = 0.8 1.9


Trong : La l hm lng BOD20 i vo b :
La

BOD5 273
0.68 0.68

401.3 mg/l

T s F/M
:
F /M

La
T0 X

401.3
6.8 3000
124

0.47 ngy

Tr s ny nm trong khong cho php (F/M = (0.2

0.6) ngy -1

Tnh lng oxy cn cung cp cho b aeroten da trn BOD20


Lng oxy cn thit trong iu kin tiu chun :
OC 0

Q(S0

S)

1.42PX

600(273 2.4)
1.42 50.7 ngy
068 1000
Vi

= 238.7 kgO2/ngy
l h s chuyn i gia BOD5 v BOD20 :
Lng oxy thc t cn s dng cho b :
OC4

OC0

Cs
CS CL

238.7

9.08
9.08 2

= 0.68

306 kgO2/ngy

Trong :
CS : nng bo ha oxy trong nc nhit lm vic ; Cs
= 9.08 mg/l
CL : lng oxy ha tan cn dng nc trong b ; CL = 2mg/l
Lng khng kh cn thit :
Qk

OCt
OU

Trong :
f : h s an ton f = 1.2
chn f = 1.5
OU = Ou.h

1.5

: cng sut ha tan oxy vo nc thi ca thit

b phn phi tnh theo gam oxy cho 1m3 khng kh


Qu : cng sut ha tan oxy vo nc su 1m, theo bng
7.4 TTXLNT Trnh Xun Lai, Chn Qu = 4.5gO2/m3.d
h : su ngp nc ca thit b phn phi kh chn 3.5m
Qkhi

306
4.5 3.5 1 3

1.5

= 29413 m3 kk/ ngy = 1214.3 m3kk/h

Tnh ton my thi kh :


p lc cn thit ca my kh :
Hm = hL + hd + H = 0.5 + 0.5 + 3.5 = 4.5m
Chn Hm = 4.5m = 0.45atm
Trong :
hL :tn tht trong h thng ng vn chuyn h = 0.5m
H : su ngp nc ca ming vi phun H = 3.5m

Nng sut yu cu :
QTT =

12 3
m /h = 0.34m3/s
4.3

Cng sut ca my thi kh :


GRT

0.442 8.314 298

0.283
2

0.283

20.64Kw

1.45
1

29.7ne
P1

29.7 0.283 0.7

Trong :
P : cng sut yu cu ca my nn kh kw
G : trng lng ca dng khng kh
G = QTT x

KK

= 0.34 x 1.3 = 0.442 kg/s

R : Hng s kh R = 8.314
T1 : Nhit tuyt i T1 = 273 + 25 = 2980K
P1 : p sut tuyt i ca kh u vo P1 = 1 atm.
P2 : p sut u ra P2 = Hm + 1 = 0.45 + 1 = 1.45 atm
n

(K 1)
K

0.283 (K = 1.395 i vi kk)

29.7 : h s chuyn i
e : hiu sut ca my, chn e = 0.7
Tnh ton h thng phn phi kh.

Kh c cung cp bng h thng ng PVC c gn cc a phn phi kh c ng


knh 0.3m, din tch b mt f = 0.07m2. Cng kh qua mi a l 1.2 l/s, ng knh
bt kh ra khi thit b khong t 1 6 mm.
S lng a cn dng cho b aerotank l :
N

0.34 103
1.2

QTT
1.2

284 a

Nh vy mt b cn : 142 a
Gi s s lng a theo chiu rng :
Nb

16dia
= 8 a/b
2be

S lng a theo chiu di :


NL

N
Nb

284
18 a
16

Khong cch gia cc a theo chiu rng :


B
Nb

mb

8.2
16

0.5(m)

Khong cch gia cc a theo chiu di b :


L
NL

mL

10
18

0.5m

Vy s lng a thc t cn s dng l : 16 x 18 = 288 a

Bng 13: Cc thng s cu to b aeroten


Thng s

n v

Gi tr

8.2

10

284

Nl

18

Nb

16

ml

0.5

mb

0,5

B lng II
C s la chn phng n
B lng ng thng c p dng cho cc trm x l nc thi c cng sut va v nh.
Khi s dng b lng ng sau b aeroten cn c tc dng nn bn trc khi a bn n cc
cng trnh x l cn.

3.6.2 Tnh ton thit k b lng ng


Cc thng s tnh ton b lng ng (theo bng 9-12 sch X l nc thi th v cng
nghip (Lm Minh Trit))

i vi nc thi sau khi x l bng bn hot tnh :


Ti trng b mt : LA = 25m3/m2 ngy

Ti trng bn : LS = 5kg/m2.h.
Din tch b mt lng theo ti trng b mt:
Q

AL =

TB
ngay

600m3 / ngay
= 24 m2.
=
25m3 / m 2 ngay

Din tch b mt lng tnh theo ti trng cht rn :


AS =

(Q Qth )x MLSS (25 17, 5)x 3750


=
5 x 1000
LS

32,1m2

Do AS > AL, vy din tch b mt theo ti trng cht rn l din tch tnh ton.

ng knh b lng : chn s n nguyn ca b lng ng 2 b.


D=

A
2

32,1
2

4, 5(m)

ng knh ng trung tm
d

= 20% D =0.2 x 4.5 = 0.9 m

Kim tra vn tc i ln ca nc trong b lng. v


TCN 51 84).

0,5 mm/s (theo iu 7.11.1 Sch 20

v=

Q Qth
F

(600 426)x 1000


32,1 x 3600 x 24

0, 37mm / s (tha iu kin).

Chiu cao hu ch ca b lng chn


hL = 3 m (hL = 2,7

3,8m)

Chiu cao phn cha bn lng.


D dn
x tg
2

hb =

4, 5 0, 5
tg500
2

2, 4(m)

Trong :
hb : chiu cao phn cha bn lng
D : ng knh b lng ng,

D = 4,5 m

dn : ng knh y phn cha bn, dn = 0,5m


: gc nghing y b lng so vi phng ngang,
iu 5.9.c Sch 20 TCN 51 84)

Chiu cao bo v : hbv = 0,3m.


Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng:
H = hL + hb + hbv = 3 + 2,4 + 0,3 = 5,7 (m)

Chiu cao ng trung tm :


h

= 60% hL = 0.6 x 3 =1.8m

Kim tra li thi gian lu nc b lng :


Th tch phn lng mi b :
VL = (D 2 d 2 ) x hL
4
=

(6, 52 0, 9 2 ) x 3= 45.8m3

Thi gian lu nc :
t

2V
Q Qth

2x 45,8
25 17, 75

2, 2(h)

Th tch phn cha bn mi b :


Vb = (AS x hb)/2 = (32,1 x 2,4)/2 = 38,52 m3

Thi gian lu bn trong b :

= 500 (theo

tb = 2 x

Vb
2x 38,52
=
10,
2
Q Qth
17, 75
24

4, 2(h)

Ti trng mng trn :


LS =

(Q Qth ) / 2
D

(600 426) / 2
3,14x 4,5

36,13m3 / m.ngay

Bng 14 : Cc thng s cu to b lng ng


Thng s

n v

Gi tr

h1

4,5

0,9

50

hb

2,4

hbv

0,3

5,7

B tip xc
Chc nng:
Lm nhim v kh trng nc thi trc khi x ra ngun tip nhn.B c chc nng l lm
tng s tip xc ca vi khun vi cht kh trng.

Tnh ton b tip xc


Thit k b tip xc dng b trn c cc vch ngn nhm to ra s i chiu lin tc ca
dng nc. B c cu to hnh ch nht, bn trong c vch ngn. Thi gian tip xc khng nh
hn 30 pht (Lm Minh Trit,1978), chn thi gian lu nc trong b tip xc l 30 pht

Dung tch b tip xc:

V = Q t = 12.5 m3
Din tch mt bng ca b

S = V/H1 = 12.5/2 = 6.25 m2

Trong : H1 l chiu cao cng tc ca b chn bng 2m

Chiu cao bo v H2 = 0.2m


Chiu cao ca b H = 2.2m
B tip xc c 3 vch ngn. Kch thc mi vch ngn l

L B H = 1m 2.1m 2.2m

Bng 15: Bng thng s cu to b tip xc


Thng s

n v

Gi tr

H1

H2

0.2

2.2

Vch ngn

2.1

B mtan
Lng bn dn n b mtan
Bn t b lng I:

Wb1 = 2.9 m3/d


Bn t b UASB: Wb UASB = 0.204 m3/d
Bn t b lng II: bn trong b lng II s c nn trc khi dn ra,
m ca bn trc khi nn P1 = 99,7%, m sau khi nn t P2 = 97%, vy lng bn
dn
vo b mtan l:

Wb 2

Qb

100 P1
100 P2

Lng bn tng cng:

10.2

100 99,7
100 97

1,02m 3 / d

W = 2.9+0.204+1.02 = 4.124 m3/d

Dung tch b mtan:

W 100
d

Wm
Trong :

: liu lng cn ngy m dn vo b mtan (%),

d = 11% (ly theo bng 42-TCN-51-84)

4.124 100 37.5m 3


11
Chn chiu cao cng tc b mtan H1 = 3m,
Din tch mt bng b:
Wm

Wm
H1

37.5
3

12.5m 2

ng knh mi b:
D

4 F

4 12.5
4m
3.14
Chn chiu cao chp trn H2 = 1m, chiu cao chp y: H3 = 1m.
Chiu cao tng cng Htc= H1+H2 +H3 = 5m
Bn thi sau khi b x l b mtan th lng bn cn li khong 70%:
Wc = 70%

W = 70%

4.124 = 2.9 m3/d

Bng 16: Thng s cu to b mtan


Thng s

n v

Gi tr

H1

H2

H3

Sn phi bn
Chc nng:
Sau khi qua b metan lng cn s c a n sn phi bn lm ro nc, sau
bn cn s c chuyn i theo chu k

Tnh ton sn phi bn


Lng bn vo: Wv= 2.9m3/d
Chu k ly bn ra l 2 thng
Th tch bn m sn phi cha c l
V = Wvt = 174 m3

Chiu cao hu ch ca sn phi : H1= 0.5m


Chiu cao lp si H2=0.3m
Chiu cao lp ct H3=0.2m
Chiu cao tng cng H=1m
Din tch sn phi :
F = V/H = 174m2

Sn phi bn chia lm 2 ngn mi ngn l 87m2


Kch thc mi ngn : L B = 10m 8.7m
TNH TON THIT K HTXLNT ( THAM KHO S 3)

I. SONG CHN RC
I.1 Chc nng:
Nc thai a ti cong trnh lam sach trc het phai qua song chan
rac. Tai song chan rac, cac tap chat tho nh rac, tui nylon, vo trai cay, gie,
go va cac vat khac c gi lai nham am bao cho may bm va cac cong
trnh, thiet b x ly nc thai hoat ong on nh. ay la bc quan trong
nham am bao o an toan he thong x ly nc thai.
Da vao khoang cach gia cac thanh chan co the chia song chan rac
thanh cac loai nh: song chan rac loai tho, khoang cach gia cac thanh t 60
100 (mm) va song chan rac mn co khoang cach gia cac thanh t 10 25
(mm). Song chan rac c lam bang kim loai, lam sach bang thu cong hoac

c gii va at nghieng mot goc 45 600. Van toc nc chay qua thanh chan
rac c gii han trong khoang 0.6 1.0 (m/s). Van toc cc ai dao ong trong
khoang 0.75 1 (m/s) nham tranh ay rac qua khe cua song chan rac va van
toc nho nhat qua khe la 0.4 (m/s) nham tranh qua trnh phan huy cac chat
ran.
Song chan rac tho:
Nc thai a en cong trnh lam sach trc het phai qua song chan
rac. Song chan rac co the at co nh hoac di ong, cung co the la to
hp vi may nghien rac. Thong dung hn ca la cac song chan co nh. Cac
song chan c lam bang kim loai at ca vao cua kenh dan. Thanh song
chan co the co tiet dien tron, vuong, hoac hon hp.
Song chan rac mn:
e kh cac chat l lng co kch thc nho thng s dung song chan
rac mn co kch thc lo t 0.5 1 (mm).
I.2 Cc thng s thit k song chn rc:
Lu lng qmaxs = 0,074 m3/s.
o doc i = 0,008.
Chieu ngang B = 0,3 m.
Van toc vmax = 0,8 m/s.
o ay h = 0,3 m = Chieu sau lp nc song chan rac hmax = 0,3 m
- So khe h cua song chan rac c xac nh theo cong thc:
n

s
qmax
K0
V b h

0,074
1,05 21(khe)
0,8 0,016 0,3

Trong o:
qmaxs : Lu lng ln nhat giay q maxs = 0,074m3/s
- b : Khoang cach gia cac khe h b = 16 mm = 0,016 m.
- h : Chieu sau lp nc qua song chan hmax = 0,3 m.
- V : Van toc nc chay qua song chan V = 0,8 m/s
- K0 : He so tnh en mc o can tr dong chay do he thong can rac
K0 = 1,05
- Chieu rong cua song chan rac:
Bs = S x (n 1) + b x n = 0,008 x (21 1) + 0,016 x 21 = 0,5 (m)
Trong o:
S : Chieu day song chan S = 0,008 m.

n : So khe h cua song chan rac n = 21 khe


b : Khoang cach gia cac khe h b = 16 mm = 0,016 m
- Kiem tra van toc dong chay phan m rong cua mng trc song chan,
ng vi lu lng nc thai q = 0,074 m3/s van toc nay khong nho hn 0,4
m/s
0,074
0,5 0,3

Vkt

Bs

0,493 (m / s)

0,4 (m / s)

- Ton that ap lc qua song chan:


2
Vmax
K
2 g

hS

Ma:
4

sin

2,42

0,008

sin 60 0

0,832

0,016

Trong o :
Vmax : Toc o chuyen ong cua nc thai trc song chan ng vi lu
lng ln nhat V max = 0,8 m/s.
K : He so tnh en s tang ton that do vng mac rac song chan. K = 2
3. Chon K = 2.
: He so sc can cuc bo cua song chan
: He so phu thuoc tiet dien ngang cua thanh. Tiet dien ch nhat
=
2,42
0
: Goc nghieng at song chan so vi phng ngang
= 60 .
hS

0,8 2
0,832
2
2 9,81

0,05 (m)

- Chieu dai ngan m rong trc song chan:


I1

Bs B
2 tg 20 0

0,5 0,3
2 tg 20 0

0,275 (m)

Chon L1 = 0,28 m
- Chieu dai ngan thu hep sau song chan rac :
L2

L1
2

0,28
2

0,14

- Chieu dai xay dng cua mng at song chan rac:


L = L1 + L2 + 1 = 0,28 + 0,14 +1 = 1,42 (m)
- Chieu cao xay dng mng at song chan rac:
H = hmax + hs + hbv = 0,3 + 0,05 + 0,3 = 0,65 (m)

II. HAM BM TIEP NHAN:


Ham bm tiep nhan at chm di mat at, co tac dung tap trung, thu
gom nc thai t cac nguon trong nha may e tiep chuyen len be ieu
hoa nh bm
Noi dung tnh toan :
Kch thc ham bm
Chon bm
The tch ham bm tiep nhan
Vb

Qh,max

266,56m 3 / h

10 ph
60 ph / h

44,43m 3

Vi
t : Thi gian lu nc ham bm t = 10 30ph, chon t = 10ph
Chon kch thc cua ho thu nc: L x B x H = 4,5 x 4 x 2,5m
III. BE LANG CAT THOI KH:
Vai tro cua be lang cat la bao ve cac thiet b may moc khoi b
mon, giam s lang ong cua cac vat lieu nang trong ong, kenh dangiam
so lan suc ra cac be phan huy can do tch tu qua nhieu cat.
Cac thong so tnh toan thiet ke be lang cat thoi kh c lay t
bang 10-6 sach XLNT o th va cong nghiep cua thay Lam Minh Triet:
Gia s chon:
Thi gian lu nc trong be lang cat thoi kh t = 5phut
T so rong : sau =1:1
Chieu sau be H = 2m
Chieu cao bao ve hbv = 0,3m
Chieu cao vung cha cat hcat = 0,6m
Lng khong kh cung cap qk = 0,2m3/m.phut
- The tch be lang cat thoi kh:
W

Qhmax

266,6

5
60

22,2m 3

- Chieu rong be bang chieu sau cua be


B = H = 2m
- Chieu dai be:
L

W
B H

22,2
2 2

5,6m

- T le chieu dai tren chieu rong:

L
B

5,6
2

2,5 5
1 1

2,8

Nh vay viec chon kch thc la hp ly.


Lng khong kh can thiet:
Qkk

qk

0,2 5,6 1,12m 3 / ph

IV. BE IEU HOA:


IV.1. Muc ch:
Do tnh chat va lu lng cua nc thai thay oi theo tng gi. V
vay, that can thiet e xay dng be ieu hoa. Be ieu hoa co nhiem vu
ieu hoa nc thai ve lu lng va nong o, lam giam kch thc cac
hang muc va tao che o on nh cho cac cong oan x ly tiep theo pha sau,
tranh cac hien tng qua tai he thong. Trong be ieu hoa, he thong phan
phoi kh c s dung e cap kh nham on nh chat lng nc thai, tranh
trng hp xay ra qua trnh phan huy k kh (phat sinh mui hoi thoi).
IV.2. Kch thc be

Thi gian lu nc trong be ieu hoa 4 8h chon t = 5h


The tch be ieu hoa
V

Qh,max

266,6m 3 / h 5h

1333m 3

Chon chieu cao lam viec h = 4.5m, chieu cao bao ve hbv = 0.5m
Chieu cao xay dng
H

hbv

4,5

0,5

5m

Dien tch mat bang be


F

V
H

1333m 3
5m

266m 2

Chia be ieu hoa lam 02 ngan


Kch thc cua moi ngan: L x B x H = 15 x 9 x 5

IV.3. Tnh toan he thong cap kh cho be ieu hoa:


Cac dang khuay tron be ieu hoa (trang 418 sach X ly nc
thai o th va cong nghiep tnh toan thiet ke cong trnh Lam Minh
Triet , Nguyen Phc Dan, Nguyen Thanh Hung)
Bang 3:
Dang khuay tron
Gia
n v
tr
C kh
48
W/m3 the tch be

Kh nen, toc o kh nen

10 15

L/m3.ph(m3
be)

the tch

Khuay tron be ieu hoa bang he thong thoi kh


Lng kh nen can thiet cho khuay tron
qk

R Vtt

0.012m 3 / m 3 . ph 1333m 3

16m 3 / ph 16000L / ph

Vi
R : Toc o kh nen, R = 10 15L/m3.ph, chon R = 12L/m3.ph
Vtt : The tch tnh toan cua be, Vtt = 1333m3
So a phan phoi kh can thiet cho khuay tron
n

qK
r

16000L / ph
200L / ph

80dia

V. BE TUYEN NOI:
Bang thong so thiet ke be tuyen noi kh hoa tan: (trang 450 sach X ly
nc thai o th va cong nghiep tnh toan thiet ke cong trnh Lam
Minh Triet , Nguyen Phc Dan, Nguyen Thanh Hung)
Bang 4:
Thong so

Gia tr
Trong khoang

ac trng

Ap suat kN/m

170 - 475

270 - 340

T so kh:ran

0,03 0,05

0,01 0,2

1 3

Chieu cao lp nc, m


3

Tai trong be mat, m /m .ngay

20 325

Thi gian lu nc, phut


+ Be tuyen noi
+ Cot ap lc
Mc o tuan hoan, %

20 60
0,5 - 3
5 - 120

Chon:
Be tuyen noi hnh ch nhat
Chieu sau phan tuyen noi: hn = 2,5m
Chieu sau phan lang bun: hb = 0,7m
Chieu cao bao ve: hbv = 0,3m
Ty le chieu dai/chieu rong: L/B 3 1
Ty so chieu rong/chieu sau: B/H = 1,5:1 (1:1 en 2,25:1)
- Dien tch be tuyen noi:

Q
LA

2000m 3 / ngd
48m 3 / m 2 .ngd

41,7m 2

Vi: LA la tai trong be mat tuyen noi 48m3/m2.ng


- Chieu sau tong cong be tuyen noi:
H = hn + hb + hbv = 2,5+ 0,7 +0,3 = 3,5 m
- Chieu rong be tuyen noi:
B = 1,5hn = 1,5 x 2,5 = 3,75m. Chon B = 4m
- Chieu dai be tuyen noi:
L

A
B

41,7
4

10,5m

Gia s
Chieu dai vung phan phoi vao: l vao = 1m
Chieu dai vung thu nc: lthu = 1m
- Chieu dai tong cong
Ltc = L + Lvao + Lra = 10,5 + 1 + 1 =12,5m
Kiem tra t so L:B = 12,5:4 > 3:1
- The tch vung tuyen noi
W = B x L x hn = 4 x 10,5 x 2,5 = 105m3
- Thi gian lu nc cua vung tuyen noi:
t

W
Qh

105m 3
83,3m 3 / h

1,26h

Ham lng COD sau tuyen noi:


2700 mgCOD/l x (1 0,4) = 1620 mgCOD/l
Ham Lng BOD5 sau tuyen noi:
1800 mgBOD5/l x (1 0,3) =1260 mgBOD5/l
Ham lng SS sau tuyen noi:
780 mgSS/l x (1 0,8) = 156mg/l
Ham lng dau m sau tuyen noi:
180/l x (1 0,9) = 18mg/l
- Lng chat SS va dau m thu c moi ngay
MV(SS) = (780 x 0,8 + 180 x 0,9) x 2000m3/ng x 1kg/1000g
MV(SS) = 1572 kgSS/ngay
Gia s bun ti(hon hp vang noi va can lang) co ham lng chat ran la
TSv = 3,4%, VSv = 65% va khoi lng rieng la Sv = 1,0072
- Dung tch bun ti can x ly moi ngay:
M ( SS)
Qv

3,4% 1,0072

1572kgSS / ngay

1m 3

0,034 1,0072kg / L 1000L

46 m / ngay

- Lng VS cua bun ti can x ly moi ngay:


MV(VS) = MV(SS) x 0,65 = 1572 kgSS/ngay x 0,65 = 1022kgVS/ngay

VI. BE UASB:
VI.1 Chc nang:
ay la mot trong nhng qua trnh k kh c ng dung rong rai nhat
tren the gii do hai ac iem chnh sau:
Ca 3 qua trnh, phan huy lang bun tach kh, c lap at cung 1
cong trnh.
Tao thanh cac loai bun hat co mat o vi sinh rat cao va toc o lang
vt xa so vi bun hoat tnh dang l lng.
Ben canh o, qua trnh x ly sinh hoc k kh s dung UASB con co
nhng u iem so vi qua trnh bun hoat tnh hieu kh nh:
t tieu ton nang lng van hanh.
t bun d, nen giam chi ph x ly bu.
Bun sinh ra de tach nc.
Nhu cau dinh dng thap nen giam c chi ph bo xung chat dinh
dng.
Co kha nang thu hoi nang lng t kh methane sinh ra trong qua trnh.
Co kha nang hoat ong theo mua v k kh co the phuc hoi va hoat
ong c sau mot thi gian ngng khong nap lieu.
He thong UASB (Up flow Anaerobic Slugle Blanked) c phat trien t
he thong x k kh oi vi cac loai nc thai co nong o cac chat o
nhiem hu c cao. Trong nhng nam gan ay UASB a c nghien cu
chuyen sau va trien khai ap dung rong rai tren the gii do cac u iem sau:
Tai trong phan huy hu c cao do o mat bang yeu cau cho he thong
x ly nho.
Nhu cau tieu thu nang lng thap do khong can cung cap oxygen.
Co kha nang thu hoi nang lng.
VI. Tnh toan:

- Dien tch be mat phan lang:


A

Q
LA

2000m 3 / ngay
12m 3 / m 2 .ngay

166,7m 2

LA: Ti trng b mt phn lng i vi dng bng LA = 12m3/m2.ngy


- The tch ngan phan ng be UASB:

Vr

Q.C o
LCOD

2000m / ngay 1620COD / m


3kgCOD / m 3 .ngay

1kg
1000g

1080m 3

- Chon 8 n nguyen hnh vuong, vay moi canh n nguyen la:


B

166,7
8

A
n

4,6m

- Chiu cao phn phn ng:


H

Vr
A

1080m 3
166,7m 2

6,5m

Gi s chiu cao phn thu kh hp = 1,5m (hp = 1,5 2m), chiu cao bo v hbv = 0,3m
- Chiu cao tng cng ca b UASB:
Htc = H + hp + hbv = 6,5 + 1,5 +0,3 = 8,3m
Gi s mi n nguyn c hai phu thu kh, mi phu c chiu cao 1,5m, y phu thu
kh c chiu di bng cnh n nguyn: l = B = 4,6m v chiu rng b = 1,9m
- Vy phn din tch b mt khe h h gia cc phu thu kh l:
AKh
A

A Ap
A

100

4,6m 4,6m 2 4,6m 1,9m


4,6m 4,6m

17,4%

Trong :
A: Din tch b mt b
Akh : Din tch khe h gia cc phu kh
Ap: Din tch y phu thu kh
Gia tr nay nam trong khoangAkh/A =15 20%
Gia s moi n nguyen co 6 ong phan phoi vao, dien tch trung bnh cho mot
au phan phoi:
an

4,6m 4,6m
6

3,53m 2 / dau

2 5m 2 / dau

- Lng bun nuoi cay ban au cho vao be (TS = 5%)


Mb

C SS Vr
TS

30kgSS / m 3 1080m 3
0,05

1tan
1000kg

648 tan

Trong o:
CSS: Ham lng bun trong be (30kg/m3)
Vr : The tch ngan phan ng
TS: Ham lng chat ran trong bun nuoi cay ban au, %
- Ham lng COD cua nc thai sau x ly k kh:
CODra = (1 0,6) x 1620mg/l = 648 mg/l
- Ham lng BOD cua nc thai sau x ly k kh:
BODra = (1 0,7) x 1260 = 378 mg/l

- Lng sinh khoi hnh thanh moi ngay:


Px
Px

Y
Q

S0

1 Kd

0,04gVSS / gCOD
1

1620 648 gCOD / m 3 2000m 3 / ngd

0,015ngay

90ngay

1000g / kg

33KgVS / ngay

- The tch kh metan sinh ra moi ngay:


VCH4

159

VCH4

350,84

S0

S Qb 1,42Px
1620 648 gCOD / m 3 2000m 3 /

1kg
1,42 33
1000g

ngay
VCH4

665592,6l / ngay

302m / ngay

Trong o:
0
VCH 4 : The tch kh metan sinh ra ieu kien chuan (nhiet o 0 C va ap

suat 1atm)
Q: Lu lng bun vao be k kh, m3/ngay
Px: Sinh khoi te bao sinh ra moi ngay, KgVS/ngay
350,84: He so chuyen oi ly thuyet lng kh metan san sinh t 1kg
BODL chuyen hoan
toan thanh kh metan va CO2, lit CH4/kg BODL
- Lng bun d sinh ra moi ngay:
QW

Px
0,75 C SS

33KgVS / ngay
1,47m 3 / ngay
3
0,75kgVS / kgSS 30kgSS / m

- Lng chat ran t bun d:


M SS

QW

C SS

1,47m 3 / ngay 30kgSS / m 3

44kgSS / ngay

VII. BE AEROTEN:
VII.1. Chc nang:
Be co nhiem vu x ly triet e cac chat hu c con lai trong nc.
Trong be bun hoat tnh dien ra qua trnh oxy hoa sinh hoa cac chat hu c
hoa tan va dang keo trong nc thai di s tham gia cua vi sinh vat hieu kh.
Trong be co he thong suc kh tren khap dien tch be nham cung cap oxy, tao
ieu kien thuan li cho vi sinh vat hieu kh hoat ong, phat trien va phan
giai cac chat o nhiem. Vi sinh vat hieu kh se tieu thu cac chat hu c
dang keo va hoa tan co trong nc thai e tang trng va tang sinh khoi.
Ban chat cua phng phap la phan huy sinh hoc hieu kh vi cung cap
oxy cng bc va mat o sinh vat c duy tr cao (2,000 5,000 mg/l). Do vay,
tai trong phan huy chat hu c cao va can t mat bang cho he thong x ly.
Tuy nhien he thong co nhc iem la can nhieu thiet b va tieu hao nhieu
nang lng.

Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh nc thai bao gom 3 giai oan sau:
- Oxy hoa cac chat hu c:
Enzyme

CxHyOz + O2

CO2 + H2O +

- Tong hp te bao mi:


CxHyOz + NH3 + O2
- Phan huy noi bao:
C5H7 HO2 + 5 O2

Enzyme

Enzyme

H
CO2 + H2O +

5CO2 + 5H2O + NH3

Cac chat au tien b oxy hoa e tao thanh nang lng la


cacbonhydrat va mot so chat hu c khac. Qua trnh nay c thc hien tren
te bao vi khuan nh xuc tac men ngoai bao. Mot phan chat ban c van
chuyen qua mang te bao vi khuan (mang ban tham) vao ben trong va tiep
tuc oxy hoa e giai phong ra nang lng can thiet cho hoat ong song.
VII.2. Tnh toan:
- Lu lng trung bnh cua nc thai trong mot ngay em: Q = 2000 m3/ng
- Ham lng BOD5 trong nc thai dan vao be aeroten: La = 378mg/l
- Ham lng chat l lng trong nc thai dan vao be aeroten: C = 156mg/l
- Ham lng BOD5 trong nc thai can at sau x ly: Lt = 50mg/l
- Ham lng chat l lng trong nc thai can at sau x ly: C = 60mg/l
S o lam viec cua he thong

Q, S0

Be
Aeroten

Qe, S,

Be
lang II

Qr, Xr, S

Qw, Xe

Trong o:
Q, Qr, Qw, Qe : Lu lng nc au vao, lu lng bun tuan hoan, lu
lng bun xa va lu lng nc au ra, m3/ngay.

So, S : Nong o chat nen (tnh theo BOD5) au vao va nong o chat
nen sau khi qua be Aeroten va be lang, mg/l.
X, Xr, Xe : Nong o chat ran bay hi trong be Aeroten, nong o bun
tuan hoan va nong o bun sau khi qua be lang II, mg/l.
- Phng trnh can bang vat chat
BOD5 au ra = BOD5 hoa tan+ BOD5 cha trong lng can l lng
au ra
Trong o:
BOD5 au ra : 50 mg/L
BOD5 hoa tan i ra t be Aeroten la S, mg/L
SSra = 60 mg/l (65% la can co the phan huy sinh hoc)
BOD5 cha trong can l lng au ra c xac nh nh sau: 0,65 x 60 =
39 (mg/L).
Vay lng O2 can thiet:
39 (mg/L) x 1,42 (mg O2/mg te bao) = 55,38 mg/L.
- Qua trnh tnh toan da theo phng trnh phan ng:
C5H7O2N + 5O2 5CO2 + 2H2O + NH3 + Nang lng
113 mg 160 mg
1 mg
1,42 mg
Chuyen oi t gia tr BOD20 sang BOD5
BOD5 = BOD20 x 0,68 = 55,38 x 0,68 = 37,66 (mg/L)
Vay : 50 (mg/L) = S + 37,66 (mg/L) S = 12,34 (mg/L
Tnh hieu qua x ly
- Hieu qua x ly tnh theo BOD5 hoa tan
So S
100
So

378 12,34
100 97 %
378

- Hieu qua x ly cua toan bo s o:


EO

378 50
100 87 %
378

Xac nh the tch be Aeroten:

- The tch aeroten c tnh theo cong thc sau:


V

QY c (La
X (1 k d

Lt ) 10 2000 0,5 378 12,34


3200 (1 0,06 10)
c)

Trong o:
c : Thi gian lu bun, chon

= 10 ngay

714 (m 3 )

Q : Lu lng trung bnh ngay, Q = 2000 m3 /ngayem


Y : He so san lng bun, chon Y = 0.5mgVSS/mgBOD5
La : BOD5 cua nc thai dan vao aeroten, La = 378mg/L
Lt : BOD5 hoa tan cua nc thai ra khoi aeroten, Lt = 50mg/L
X : Ham lng bun hoat tnh trong be aeroten, MLVSS = 3200mg/L
Kd : He so phan huy noi bao, Kd = 0.06 ngay-1
Tnh toan lng bun d thai bo moi ngay
- He so san lng quan sat tnh theo cong thc:
Y

Yobs

cK

0,5
1 10 0,06

0,315

- Lng sinh khoi gia tang moi ngay tnh theo MLVSS:
Px = Yobs x Q x (BODvao - BODra)
= 0,3125 x 2000 x (378 12,34) x 10-3= 288,5 (kgVSS/ngay)
- Tong lng can l lng sinh ra trong mot ngay:
Px
0,8

Pxl

288,5
0,8

360,6 (kgSS/ngay )

- Lng can d hang ngay phai xa i:


Pxa = Pxl (Q x 60 x 10-3) = 360,6 2.000 x 60 x 10-3
= 240,6 (kgSS/ngay)
- Lng VS cua mang vi sinh can x ly moi ngay:
M

VSS

240kgSS / ngay 0,7

168kgVS / ngay

- Tnh lng bun xa ra hang ngay (Qw) t ay be lang theo ng tuan


hoan bun
VX Q e X e c
VX
c

Q w X th

Qe X e

QW

X th c

Trong o:
V : The tch be Aeroten V = 714 m3
X : Nong o chat ran bay hi: X = 3200 mg/L
c : Thi gian lu bun c = 10 (ngay)
Qe : Lu lng nc a ra ngoai t be lang t II (lng nc thai ra khoi
he thong). Xem nh lng nc that thoat do tuan hoan bun la khong ang ke
nen Qe = Q = 2.000 (m3/ngay)

Xe : Nong o chat ran bay hi au ra cua he thong Xe = 0,8 x SSra =


0,8 x 60 (mg/L) = 48(mg/L)

Xth : Nong o chat ran bay hi co trong bun hoat tnh tuan hoan Xth =
8.000 (mg/L)
714 3.200 2000 48 10
16.56 (m3/ngay )
8.000 10

QW

- Xac nh ty so tuan hoan

Q,X0

Qra,Xra

Q+Qth,X
Aeroten

Lang
II

Qth,Xth

Qb,Xth

Phng trnh can bang vat chat oi vi be aeroten


QX 0

Qth X th

Q Qth X

Vi
Q : Lu lng nc thai
Qth : Lu lng bun hoat tnh tuan hoan
X0 : Nong o VSS trong nc thai dan vao Aeroten, mg/L
X : Nong o VSS be Aeroten, X = 3200mg/L
Xth : Nong o VSS trong bun tuan hoan, X = 8000mg/L
Do X0 thng rat nho so vi X va Xth, do o trong phng trnh can bang
vat chat tren co the bo qua ai lng QX0 . Khi o phng trnh can bang
vat chat se co dang :
Qth X th

Q Qth X

Chia hai ve cua phng trnh nay cho Q va at ty so


ty so tuan hoan), ta c :

Qth
Q

: c goi la

X th

X
X

Hay

X th

3200
8000 3200

0,67 va

Qth
Q

Lu lng bun tuan hoan


Qth

0,67 16,56m3 / ngay

11,1m 3 / ngay

Vi
X : Nong o VSS be aeroten, X = 3200mg/L
Xth : Nong o VSS trong bun tuan hoan, Xth = 8000mg/L
Xac nh thi gian lu nc cua be aeroten
W
Q

714m 3
2000m 3 / ngay

0,357ngay

8,568h

8,6h

Tnh lng oxy can cung cap cho be Aeroten da tren BOD20
- Lng oxy can thiet trong ieu kien tieu chuan
Q(S o S )
1,42Px
f

OCO

Vi f la he so chuyen oi gia BOD5 va BOD20 f = 0,68


OCO

2000 (378 12,34)


1,42 288,5
0,68 1.000

665,8 (kgO2 / ngay)

- Lng oxy thc te can s dung cho be


OCt

OCO

Cs
Cs

665,8
CL

9,08
9,08 2

853,88 (kg O2/ngay )

Trong o:
Cs : Nong o bao hoa oxy trong nc nhiet o lam viec Cs = 9,08
mg/L
CL : Lng oxy hoa tan can duy tr trong be CL = 2 mg/L
Kiem tra ty so F/M va tai trong the tch cua be :
Ch so F/M
F
M

S0
X

378
0,357 3.200

0,33(mg BOD5/mg VSS ngay )

Gia tr nay nam trong khoang cho phep cua thong so thiet ke be (0,2 0,6)
- Tai trong the tch cua be aeroten
L

S0 Q
V

378 10 3 2.000
714

1,06 (kg BOD5/m3ngay)

Gia tr nay nam trong khoang thong so cho phep khi thiet ke be (0,8 19)
- Tnh lng khong kh can thiet e cung cap vao be

QKK
OU

OCt
f'
OU
Ou H 7gO2 / m 3 .m 4.6m

32.2gO2 / m 3

Vi
f ' : He so an toan , chon f

'

OCt : Lng oxy thc te can s dung cho be , OCt = 853,88kgO2/ngay


OU : Cong suat hoa tan oxy vao nc thai cua thiet b phan phoi
Ou: Cong suat hoa tan oxy vao nc thai cua thiet b phan phoi , g
O2/m3 khong kh
Tra bang 7.1 trang 112 Tnh toan thiet ke cac cong trnh x ly nc
thai_Trnh Xuan Lai , ta co Ou = 7 gO2/ m3.m
QKK

853,88kgO2 / ngay
32.2gO 2 / m 3 10 3 kg / g

26518m 3 / ngay

18415,3L / ph

Chon thiet b khuech tan kh dang a xop , ng knh 170 mm , dien tch
be mat F=0,0227 m2, cng o thoi kh 200 L/phut.a = 12 m3/gi.a
o sau ngap nc cua a phan phoi kh lay bang chieu sau hu ch
cua be H = 4.6m (at sat ay be)
- So a can phan phoi trong be
n

QKK
I

18415,3L / ph
200L / ph.dia

92dia

e thuan li cho viec bo tr eu , ta chon so a n = 112 a ma van am


bao hieu suat x ly cua be
- Ap lc can thiet cho he thong nen kh xac nh theo cong thc
H ct

hd

hc

hf

0,4

0,5

4.6

5.5m

Vi
hd : Ton that ap lc do ma sat doc theo chieu dai ong dan, m
hc : Ton that cuc bo, m
hf : Ton that qua thiet b phan phoi, m
H : Chieu sau hu ch cua be, chon H = 4.6m
Ton that hd va hc thng khong vt qua 0,4m ; ton that hf khong qua 0,5m
- Ap lc khong kh
P

10,33 H ct
10,33

10,33 5.5
10,33

1,5324at

- Cong suat may nen kh tnh theo cong thc

34400(P 0, 29 1) q
102

34400(1,5324 0, 29 1) 0,528
102 0,8

29.33KW

Vi
q : Lu lng khong kh, q = 0,528m3/s
: Hieu suat may nen kh; = 0,7 0,9 chon

= 0,8

- Tnh toan ng ong dan kh

ng knh ong phan phoi chnh


D

4 QKK
v Khi

4 0.307
15 3,14

0.1615m

161,5mm

Chon ong sat trang kem D = 170 mm


Vi
v Kh i : Van toc kh trong ong dan kh chnh , chon vKhi 15m / s
Q KK : Lu lng kh can cung cap , Q KK 18,415m 3 / ph 0.307m3 / s
T ong chnh ta phan lam 14 ong nhanh cung cap kh cho be , moi nhanh
at 8 au phan phoi kh.
- Lu lng kh qua moi ong nhanh ( Khoang cach gia cac nhanh 1107mm).
Qnhanh

QKK
14

18415L / ph
14

1315L / ph

- ng knh ong nhanh


d

4 Qnhanh
v' khi

4 0.022
3.14 15

0.0432m

Chon loai ong sat trang kem d = 45 mm


Vi
'
'
vkhi
15m / s
v kh
i : Van toc kh qua moi ong nhanh
Qnhanh : Lu lng kh qua ong nhanh Qnhanh 1315L / ph
- Kiem tra lai van toc
Van toc kh trong ong chnh
v khi

4 QKK
D

4 0.307
3.14 0.17 2

13.53m / s

v kh i nam trong khoang cho phep (10 -15 m/s)

Van toc kh trong ong nhanh


v 'khi

4 Qnhanh
d

4 0.022
3.14 0.045 2

13.84 m / s

'
v kh
i nam trong khoang cho phep (10 -15 m/s)

10) Kiem tra t so F/M va tai trong hu c

0.022m 3 / s

La

F/M

378mg / L
0,357ngay 3200mg / L

0,33kgBOD5 / kgVSS.ngay

Vi
: Thi gian lu nc cua aeroten 0,357 ngay
- Tai trong the tch
La Q
10
W

378mg / L 2000m 3 / ngay


10
714m 3

1,059kgBOD5 / m 3 .ngay

Ca hai gia tr nay eu nam trong gii han cho phep oi vi aeroten
xao tron hoan toan nh a e cap tren.
Kch thc be aeroten
- Dien tch cua aeroten tren mat bang
F

W
H

714m 3
4.6m

155m 2

Vi H : Chieu cao cong tac aeroten, H = 4.6m


Cac kch thc ien hnh cho aeroten xao tron hoan toan (trang 433 -
sach X ly nc thai o th va cong nghiep tnh toan thiet ke cong
trnh Lam Minh Triet , Nguyen Phc Dan, Nguyen Thanh Hung)
Bang 5:
Thong so
Gia tr
Chieu cao hu ch, m
3.0 4.6
Chieu cao bao ve, m
0.3 0.6
Khoang cach t ay en au khuech 0.45 0.75
tan kh, m
T so rong : sau
1.0 : 1 2.2 : 1
- Chieu dai cua aeroten
L

155m 2
10

F
B

15.5m

Vi B : Chieu rong aeroten, chon B = 10m (B : H = 10 : 4.6 = 2,174 : 1)


- Chieu cao xay dng cua aeroten
H xd

hbv

4.6

0.4

5m

Vi hbv : Chieu cao bao ve, chon hbv = 0.4m


Vay be aeroten co kch thc nh sau :
L x B x H = 15,5 x 10 x 5 m

VIII.BE LANG T II:


Chon tai trong be mat thch hp cho loai bun hoat tnh nay la
3
20m /m2.ngay va tai trong chat ran la 3,4kg/m2.h. (Cac thong so thiet ke cho
be lang t II c lay trong bang 9-12)
- Dien tch be mat be lang theo tai trong be mat la:
AL

TB
Qngay

2000m 3 / ngay
20m 3 / m 2 .ngay

LA

Trong o:

100m 2

TB
Qngay
:Lu lng trung bnh ngay, m3/ngay

LA:Tai trong be mat, m3/m2.ngay


- Dien tch be mat be lang theo tai trong chat ran:
Q Qr
MLSS
AS

2000 11,1 m / ngay 3200 gSS / m

LS

78,9m

3,4kg / m 2 .h 24h / ngay 1000g / kg

Trong o: LS la tai trong chat ran,kgSS/ngay. Chon LS = 3,4kg/m2.h


Do AL > AS, Vay dien tch be mattheo tai trong be mat c tnh toan
- Chon:
+ So be lam viec ong thi n=2 be
+ Chieu sau vung lang hL= 3,5m
+ Chieu sau cua vung bun hb = 1,5m
+ Chieu cao bao ve hbv=0,3m
- ng knh be lang:
4 F

4 50
3,14

8m

- ng knh ong trung tam:


d = 20%D = 0,2 x 8 = 1,6m
- Chieu cao tong cong cua be lang II:
Htc = hL + hb + hbv = 3,5 + 1,5 +0,3 = 5,3m
- Chieu cao ong trung tam:
h = 60%hL = 0,6 x 3,5 = 2,1m
Kiem tra thi gian nc lu be lang
- The tch phan lang:
D2

V
hL

d2

- Thi gian lu nc:

8 2 1,6 2
L

3,5 168,81m 3

168,8m 3
2000 11,1 m 3 /

V
QW

Qth

0,084ngay

2,016h

ngay

- The tch phan cha bun:


Vb

100 1,5 150m 3

A hb

- Thi gian lu gi bun trong be:


t

150m 3
2000 11,1 m 3 / ngay 1ngay /

Vb
Q Qth

1,8h

24h

- Tai trong mang tran:


2000 11,1 m 3 / ngay
80,06m 3 / m.ngay
8
Gia tr nay nam trong khoang cho phep LS 500m3 / m.ngay
LS

Q QW
D

Gia s bun sinh hoc co ham lng TSm = 5%, VSm = 70% va khoi
lng rieng bun Sm = 1,0091
- Dung tch bun can x ly moi ngay:
Qw

SS

5% 1,0091

1
240,6
5% 1,0091 1000L

4,77m 3 / ngay

IX. BE PHAN HUY BUN K KH:


IX.1. Muc ch:
Be cha bun co nhiem vu cha bun sinh hoc tach ra t be Aerotank,
va tao ieu kien co ac giup on nh bun. Phan bun d c thai bo theo
nh ky hoac co the s dung vi muc ch lam phan bon cho cay xanh.
IX.2. Tnh toan:
Lng bun can x ly bao gom:
- Bun sinh hoc t be lang t II co Qw = 4,77m3/ngay, MSS = 240,6kgSS/ngay
va MVSS = 168kgVSS/ngay
- Bun d t be UASB co:Qw(UASB) = 1,47m3/ngay, MSS(UASB) = 44kgSS/ngay,
MVS(UASB) = 33kgVS/ngay
- Bun ti t be tuyen noi: QV = 46m3/ngay, MV(SS) = 1572kgSS/ngay, MV(VS) =
1022kgVS/ngay.
Vay tong lng bun vao be phan huy k kh moi ngay co:
- Khoi tch bun:
QS

4,77 1,47

/ ngay

52,24m 3 / ngay

46 m

- Lng chat ran:


M SS

240,6 44 1572 kgSS / ngay

- Lng chat ran de bay hi:

1856,6kgSS / ngay

M VSS

168 33 1022 kgVS / ngay

1223kgVS / ngay

Ket qua thc nghiem cho thay: sach X ly nc thai o th va cong


nghiep tnh toan thiet ke cong trnh Lam Minh Triet , Nguyen Phc
Dan, Nguyen Thanh Hung)
- tai trong chat de bay hi LVS = 0,6kgVS/m3.ngay va nhiet o van hanh
ngoai tri 280C, hieu qua kh VS at 50%
- San lng kh metan 0,55m3/kgVS vao
- Ham lng chat ran cua bun a phan huy TSph = 6%
- The tch can thiet cho qua trnh phan huy bun:
M VS
LVS

Vt

1223kgVS / ngay
0,6kgVS / m 3 .ngay

2038m 3

- Thi gian phan huy:


3

Vt
QS

td

2038m
52,24m 3 / ngay

39ngay

- Lng chat hu c con lai sau qua trnh on nh:


SVS

M VSS 1 E%

1223kgVS / ngay

1 0,5

611,5kgVS / ngay

- Lng chat vo c con lai:


SS

M SS

M VSS

1856,6 1223

633,6kgSS / ngay

- Tong lng chat ran con lai:


ST

SVS

SS

611,5

633,6

1245,1kgTS / ngay

- Ham lng chat ran de bay hi cua bun phan huy:


VS ph

SVS
ST

611,5
100%
1245,1

100%

49,1%

Da vao TSph va VSph co the xac nh khoi lng rieng cua bun a phan
huy Sph = 1,019
- Toc o bun tch luy:
Qa

ST
TS%S ph

1245,1kgTS / ngay
0,06 1019kg / m 3

20,4m 3 / ngay

Gia s thi gian tr bun phan huy ts = 30ngay


- The tch be phan huy xac nh theo cong thc sau:
V

QS

Qa t p
2

Qa t s

52,24 20,4 m 3 / ngay 39ngay

20,4m 3 / ngay 30ngay

Trong o:
QS: Toc o bun vao be phan huy, m3/ngay
Qa: Toc o bun tch luy, m3/ngay

2028,5m 3

tp: Thi gian phan huy bun, ngay


ts: Thi gian tr bun a phan huy, ngay
Gia s chieu cao hu ch cua be H = 8m, chieu cao phan thu kh h kh = 1,5m va
be n=4. Vay ng knh mot be phan huy la:
D

V
nH

2028,5m 3
4 8m

9m

Toc o tren mat tr ve au he thong x ly la:


Qn

QS

Qa

20,4m 3 / ngay

52,24m 3 / ngay

31,84m 3 / ngay

X. THIET B LY TAM BUN:


Dung tch bun a phan huy vao thiet b ly tam moi ngay la Qa =
3
20,4m /ngay co ham lng chat ran TS = 6%, M TS(vao) = 1245,1kgTS/ngay, MVS
= 611,5kgVS/ngay.
Gia s bun kh nc bang thiet b ly tam co tao ieu kien bang
polymer
- Banh bun co ham lng TS = 23% va khoi lng rieng 1,076
- Hieu qua giu bun E = 85%
- Lieu lng polymer s dung 4,5kg/tan DS
- Lng chat ran trong nc tach bun:
MF

M TS (vao)

1 E%

1245,1kgTS / ngay

1 0,85

186,77kgTS / ngay

- Lng chat kho cua banh bun:


M DS

M TS (vao)

E%

1245,1kgTS / ngay 0,85

1058,3kgDS / ngay

- Lng banh bun sinh ra moi ngay:


Mw

M DS

1058,3kgDS / ngay

TS

23%

4601,5kg / ngay

4,6 tan/ ngay

- Khoi tch banh bun sinh ra moi ngay:


Qb

Mw
Sb

4601,5kg / ngay
4,28m 3 / ngay
3
1076kg / m

- Lu lng tach bun:


QF

QS

Qb

52,24

4,28

47,96m 3 / ngay

- Ham lng can l lng trong nc tach bun:


SS

MF
QF

186,77kgSS / ngay
47,96m 3 / ngay

3,894kg / m 3

3894mgSS / L

- Lng Polymer s dung trong ngay:


Mp

M TS (vao) C polymer

4,5kg / tan DS 1245,1kg / ngay

1tan
1000kg

5,6kg / ngay

XI. BE KH TRUNG:
XI.1 Muc ch:
Nc thai qua qua trnh x ly sinh hoc se gan nh sach ve mat chat
hu c. Song vi lng nc thai ay th ham lng vi sinh vat, vi khuan cho
con ngi van con. Chnh v the, cong oan nay se tien hanh qua trnh
kh trung bang ozone ket hp vi ch61t oxy hoa nham tieu diet vi khuan
gay benh.
XI.2. Tnh toan:
- Chon thi gian lu cho be la 15 phut.
- The tch be la:
V=2000 x 15phut/(60phutx24h)= 20,83m3
Vay kch thc be la:L x B x H = 4m x 3,5m x 1,5m
- Lng clo hoat tnh can thet e kh trung nc thai. Chon clo dung la
dung dch clo 10%.
V = a . Q,
Trong o:
a : lng clo hoat tnh, chon a =8 mg/L
Q: lu lng nc thai m3/h
V= 8 x 2000 x 10-3 = 16 kg/ng

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