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Lu lng thit k:
QTB = 200m3/ngy = 8.33m3/h.
h
1.5 8.33 12.5m3 / h
Q max
h
Qmax 12.5
q Smax
3.47.10 3 m3 / s
3600 3600
3.47(l / s)
h
Qmax
3600
12.5
3600
3.47.10 3 (m3 / s)
h
Qmax
3600 v B
12.5
3600 0.3.0.4
0.0289(m)
0.03(m)
Chn kch thc thanh chn rc (rng v dy) l:b x d = 5mm x 25mm v
khe h gia cc thanh l w = 25mm.
- Kch thc song chn rc:
Gi n,m l s thanh chn v s khe h ca song chn rc.
Vy s khe h l: m = n + 1.
B n b (n 1) w
400 n 5 (n 1) 25
n 12.5
Vy chn s thanh l n = 12
C th iu chnh khong cch gia cc thanh li nh sau:
400
12 5 (12 1) w
26.2(mm)
q smax
3.47
0.34(m / s)
A
0.0102 1000
V 2 v 2 (0.34)2 (0.3)2 0.0019(m)
0.7 2 9.81
0.7 2g
0.002(m)
h1
V 2 v2
0.7 2g
(0.34)2 (0.3)2
0.7 2 9.81
0.0019(m)
0.002(m)
Qua song chn rc hm lng SS gim 4%. Vy hm lng SS sau khi qua song
chn rc l: SS = 180 x (1-0.04) = 172.8 (mg/l).
2.2.2.2. B IU HA
Chc nng: iu ho lu lng v nng cht hu c. Bn trong b iu ho thng
c b tr cc thit b khuy trn hoc cp kh nhm to s xo trn u cc cht
nhim trong ton b th tch nc thi, trnh vic b lng cn trong b. Ngoi ra, n cng
gip cho vic oxy ho mt phn cc cht bn hu c.
Tnh ton:
Kch thc b:
-
Th tch b iu ha l: V
h
Qmax
t 12.5 5 62.5(m 3 ) .
62.5
13.9(m2 )
4.5
V
H
Trong : Qmax h: Lu lng nc thi ln nht theo gi, Qmax h = 12.5 m3/h.
a: Lu lng khng kh cp cho b iu ha, a = 3.74 m3kh/m3 nc thi.
Vy Lkh = 12.5 x 3.74 = 46.75 (m3/h).
Chn h thng cp kh cho b bng ng nha PVC
ng knh ng dn kh chnh t my nn kh n ng phn phi kh
dchnh =
4 Lkhi
v
4 46.75
3600
10
0.041(m)
41(mm).
Trong :
0.45(kw) .
= 0.75
= 1000 kg/m3.
4 Q
3600
4 12.5
3600
2
0.047(m)
47(mm)
8.33 5
0.69(m3 )
60
Q t
8.33 45
60
6.25m3
V
H
6.94
1.5
4.6m2
0.69
1000
0.656 10
452(W )
: nht ng hc ca nc thi
- Hiu sut ng c
= 0.7
452
0.7
645.7(W )
1/ 3
P
k
D5
645.7
6.3 1000 0.25
1/ 3
2.2.2.4. B LNG T I
Chc nng: Thc hin qu trnh lng cc bng cn t b keo t to bng dn ti.
Tnh ton: chn b lng t 1 l loi b lng ly tm, c mt bng hnh trn, nc thi
vo t tm v thu nc theo chu vi b lng li tm.
- Din tch tit din t ca ng trung tm: f
Qtb.s
vtt
2.3 10
0.03
0.08(m2 )
Qtb.s
u0
2.3 10 3
0.0007
4F1
4 3.39
2.1(m)
3.31(m2 )
- ng knh ng trung tm l: d
4 f tt
4 0.08
0.1(m)
h1
hbv
200
30.3(m3 / m.ngy).
2.1
t
Xc nh hiu qu kh BOD5 v SS :
R
a b t
RBOD
2
0.018 0.02 2
34.48%
2
0.0075 0.014 2
56.33%
56.33
653.33mg / l 10
100
73.6
kg
m3
l
200
1000 3
mg
ngay
m
kg
ngay
G
C
73.6
80
0.92 (m3/ngy)
5 15 ngy.
3 5h
0.25 1
10 ngy.
Ta c lng Nit cn c l : N
Lng Phtpho cn c l :
340.7 1
100
3.41(mg / l)
15.62 60
28
33.5 200
1000
6.7(kg / ngay) .
6.7
100
0.067(m3 / ngay) .
3 98
31
9.5(mg / l).
9.5 200
1.9(kg / ngay) .
1000
33.5(mg / l)
1.9
850
2.2(l / ngay) .
340.7 22.15
100 93.5%
340.7
+ Hiu qu x l ca ton b s
340.7 34.7
100 89.8%
340.7
- Xc nh th tch b aerotank:
V
Vi
c
Q Y (So
X (1 K d
c
: thi gian lu bn
S)
c)
= 10 ngy.
71(m3 ) .
+ Thi gian lu ca b:
71
200
Chiu di L ca b: L
B H
71
4 3.5
5.1(m) .
V
1 Kd
0.5mgVSS / mgBOD5
1 0.05mg 1 10g 1
0.333mgVSS / mgBOD 5 .
PVSS
0.7
21
0.7
30(kgSS / ngy).
B
aerotank
B lng 2
Qr, Xr, S
Qe, S, Xe
V.X
Qw.X r Q.Xe
V .X
Q.X e .
Xr. c
c
c
Q Xe
Xr
71 3000 10 200 14
10 8000
2.66 (m3/ngy).
Q (So S )
0.68
93.69 (kg/ngy).
63.6 (kgO2/ngy).
M O2
0.232 1.2
63.6
0.232 1.2
228.4 (m3/ngy).
M kk
E V
228.4 1000
0.093 71 1440
24(l / m3 . pht).
M kk
E
2 228.4
0.093 1440
3.4 (m3/pht).
2.2.2.6. B LNG T II
Chc nng: Lng hn hp nc bn t b aerotank dn qua.
Tnh ton: Chn loi b lng c mt bng l hnh trn
Qtb
vtt
2.3 10
0.03
0.08(m2 )
Qtt
v2
2.3 10 3
0.0005
4.6(m2 )
F0
4F
- ng knh ng trung tm l: d
4 f
4.6 0.08
4 4.68
4 0.08
v2 t
4.68(m2 )
0.32(m)
2.7(m)
- ng knh b lc p lc: D
Qhtb
v
8.33
1.04(m2 ) .
8
4A
4 1.04
(0.3
0.5) 0.4
0.25
0.57(m)
F.H
.D2
.H
4
(1.2) 2
2.4
4
2.7(m3 ) .
1
60
L V .
h
o
C 1.8t 42 d102
Trong :
C: H s nn, C = 600 1200 ty thuc vo tnh ng nht v sch. Chn C =
1000.
to: Nhit ca nc (oC), t = 30 (oC).
d10: ng knh hiu qu ca vt liu lc (mm).
v: Tc lc (m/h), v = 8 (m/h).
L: Chiu dy lp vt liu lc (m).
+ i vi lp lc ct: h1
1
60
0.2
8 0.004(m) .
1000 1.8 30 42 (0.5) 2
1
60
0.4
8 0.001(m) .
2
1000 1.8 30 42 (1.2)
Q.H . .g
1000.
22 8 1000 9.81
3600 1000 0.8
0.6(kW ).
8.33m3 / h 30 phut
60
4.2(m3 )
Qh
qo
0.13m3 / h
0.3m3 / m2 .h
0.43(m2 ) .
- ng knh ca b nn bn:
D
4 F
4 0.43
99.6kg / ngay
1 0.98 1000kg /
0.74(m).
3
4.98(m3 / ngy) = 0.21(m /h)
m3
Qc 30
qo n
4.98 30
18.7(m2 )
2 4
- Chia sn phi bn ra lm 2 ngn, din tch mi ngn l 9.4 m2. Kch thc mi ngn l
L x B = 3.5 x 2.7 m.
- Din tch ph ca sn phi bn ly bng 20% din tch sn phi bn:
F2 = 0.2 x 18.7= 3.74 (m2).
- Din tch tng cng ca sn phi: F = 18.7+ 3.74 = 22.5 (m2).
- Chia sn phi bn ra lm 2 ngn, din tch mi ngn l 11.25 m2.
- Chn sn phi bn hnh ch nht
- Kch thc mi ngn l L x B = 4 x 2.8m.
- Chiu cao sn phi bn: H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4
Trong : h1 l b dy y btng, h1 = 250 mm.
h2 l b dy lp si , h2 = 200 mm.
h3 l b dy lp ct, h3 = 250 mm.
h4 l chiu cao cha bn v chiu cao an ton, h4 = 500mm
Vy H = 250 + 200 + 250 + 500 = 1 200 (mm) = 1.2 (m).
Lm 2 n nguyn c kch thc ging nhau.
Khong 20 30 ngy x bn mt ln, bn kh c thu gom bng gu hoc my.
Tnh ton lng ha cht
+ Lng ha cht cho vo b keo t:
B cha dung dch axit sunfuric H2SO4 v bm chm H2SO4.
- Lu lng cn thit Qtbh = 8.33m3/h.
- Nng dung dch H2 SO4 20%, trng lng ring ca dung dch l 1.84
- Lng axit chm vo b keo t:
Mc ch: a pH ca nc thi v 6.5.
pH = 9, gi s K = 5.5x10-6mol/l.
5.5 10 6 98 200 1000
Liu lng axit chm vo (ly d 10%):
20% 1.84 10
0.3 (l/ngy).
120
400
0.08
20
3
0.004 (m /ngy) = 4 (l/ngy) = 0.17 (l/h).
1.6
16 (l/ ngy) = 0.7 (l/h).
0.1
1 Song chn rc
Nhim v song chn rc
Song chn rc l cng trnh x l s b, mc ch ca qu trnh ny l kh cc tp cht th
(gi, rc, l cy, ) c th gy ra s c trong qu trnh vn hnh x l nc thi nh lm tc
bm, tc ng ng hoc knh dn y l bc quan trng bo m an ton v iu kin lm
vic thun li cho c h thng.
n v
Gi tr
Qd
m3/d
600
QhTB
m3/h
25
Qhmax
m3/h
40
Qgi ymax
m3/s
0.0083
dc i
0,001
Chiu ngang B
Vn tc Vmax
y H
0.3
m/s
0.38
0.12
0.0083
1, 05 11.376 12
0, 38 0, 016 0,12
Trong :
n
: s khe h
Qmax
Vmax
hs
2
Vmax
K1
2g
Vmax
K1
0,628
0,382
3
2 9,81
0,014 m
Trong :
m/s
: h s sc cn cc b,
4/3
sin
1,83
0,008
3/ 4
sin60 0
0,628
0,016
: h s ph thuc vo tit din thanh song, ly theo bng 3-7 sch
L1
Bs Bm
2tg
0,5 0,3
2tg20 0
0,275m
Trong :
Bs
Bm
= 200
= 600
L1 + L2 = 2
0,275 + 1 = 1,55 m
Trong :
L2
n v
BOD5
Gi tr
Dng vo
Dng ra
mg/l
1610
1610
COD
mg/l
2300
2300
SS
mg/l
664
630
B iu ho lu lng
Chc nng b iu ho
Nc thi cng nghip c thi ra vi lu lng thng bin i theo gi, thi v sn
xut, ma (ma, nng). Trong khi cc h thng sinh hc phi c cung cp nc thi u
n v th tch cng nh v cc cht cn x l 24/24 gi. Do s hin din ca mt b iu ho
l ht sc cn thit. B iu ho lu lng c dng duy tr dng thi vo gn nh khng
i, khc phc nhng vn vn hnh do s dao ng lu lng nc thi gy ra, gim c
kch thc cc cng trnh sinh hc sau v nng cao hiu sut ca cc qu trnh cui dy
chuyn x l.
Q max
t 160m3 V
h
Qhmax t 160m3
H ct
160
4
40 m2
B L
5m 8m
L B H XD
8 5 4.4 176m3
qkh = R
Vh(tt) = 0,012
qkh
1000
l
115.2 1000 48 l
40 60
qkh
n
115.2 24
50 100
0.6m3 / h
L
n
7 0.7m
10
=0.075m
Vn tc kh trong ng chnh l
vc
qkh 4
3,14 D 2
7.25m/s
qkh 4
3,14 D 2
=0.034m
7.05m/s
n v
Gi tr
Vh(lt)
m3
160
Vh(tt)
m3
176
Gi
m2
40
4.4
Hct
hbv
0,4
n v
Gi tr
qkhi
m3/gi
115.2
50
Vng chnh
m/s
7.25
Dng chnh
0,075
vnhnh
m/s
7.05
Dnhnh
0,034
Nng sut yu
cu
Qkh= 115.2m3/h
qkhi
khi
0.0416kg / s
GRT
P2
may
29.7 n e
1.92kw P
may
GRT
P2
29.7 n e
Trong
1.92kw
P
1
R l hng s kh=8.314KJ/Kmol
T l nhit tuyt i T=3000K
P1: p sut tuyt i ca khng kh u vo=1atm
P2: p sut tuyt i u ra=0.44+1=1.44atm
N=(k-1)/k=0.283 (k=1.395 i vi khng kh)
29.7 h s chuyn i
E l hiu sut ca my, chn e= 0.7
Nc thi sau khi qua b iu ha s c lu lng khng i theo thi
gian : Q = 25 m3/h
n v
BOD5
mg/l
Gi tr
Dng vo
Dng ra
1610
1368.5
COD
mg/l
2300
1955
SS
mg/l
664
630
n v
Gi tr
Lu lng
m3/ng
600
BOD5
mg/l
1368.5
COD
mg/l
1955
SS
mg/l
630
Chn Db = 4.5 m
4(F1
f tt )
Dtt = 0.9 m
4.4m
t
1.83
t a b 1.83 0.0075 0.014
55.25%
Xc nh li ti trng b mt ca b lng 1
Q 24
F1
V0
37.736m3 / m2 .d
Chn
:
-
Kim tra
thi gian lu ca b
(Dbe2
d tt2 ) H
45.78m3
t = Vct /Q = 1.83 gi
D = 14.13m
Hiu qu kh BOD5 :
t
1.83
t a b 1.83 0.018 0.02
Trong a,b l cc hng s thc nghim
R
33.52%
Hiu qu kh SS
t
t a b
1.83
1.83 0.0075 0.014
55.25%
SSr=279.14 mg/l
Lng bn ti sinh ra mi ngy
Mbun=(664 - 279.14)600.10-3=231kg/d
n v
BOD5
Gi tr
Dng vo
Dng ra
mg/l
1368.5
909.78
COD
mg/l
1955
1299.68
SS
mg/l
630
279.14
B UASB
C s chn phng n
X l sinh hc bng vi sinh vt ym kh l qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c, v c c
trong nc thi trong mi trng khng c oxy. Quy trnh ny c p dng x l n nh
cn v x l nc thi cng nghip c nng BOD5, COD cao ( 500 mg/l) p dng quy trnh
x l hai bc, bc mt x l ym kh, bc hai x l hiu kh.
n v
Gi tr
Lu lng
m3/ng
600
BOD5
mg/l
909.78
COD
mg/l
1299.68
SS
mg/l
279.14
CODv CODr
CODv
1299.68 450
1299.68
65.38%
Trong :
CODv : nng COD dn vo b UASB, CODv = 1299.68 mg/l.
CODr : nng COD dn ra khi b UASB, CODr = 450mg/l.
Qng
CODv CODr
10
600
1299.68 450
10
509.808kg/d
Ti trng kh COD hng ngy (ly theo bng 12-1 sch Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh
x l nc thi TS. Trnh Xun Lai):
a = 8 kgCOD/m3.ngy
G
a
509.808
8
Tc nc i ln trong
63.73 m3
b:
Din tch mt bng b cn thit:
F
Trong :
Q tbh
v
25
0,8
31,3 m 2
Qtbh
= 25 m3/h.
: vn tc i ln ca nc trong b, v = 0,8 m/s
Vk
F
63.73
31, 32
2, 04m
F = 3.6
31,4 = 112.75 m3
HL
B
: tg
4
5, 4
2
2, 7m
5, 4
: tg500
4
1, 4m
Kim tra chiu cao ngn lng: t s gia chiu cao mng lng so vi chiu
cao xy dng b phi
30%
HC
H
30%
1, 4
39% 30%
3, 6
Kim tra thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng, thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng phi m
1gi
tl
31, 32
F (H L H 3 )
Qh
1, 4 0, 3
25
1, 4h
Trong :
tl
Vl
Qgi
HL
H3
Khong cch gia 2 tm chn kh: vn tc nc chy qua khe vo ngn lng
nm trong khong 9 10 m/h, chn v = 10 m/h
Ta c:
Qh
Skhe
bk
25
4 5, 8 bk
25
4 5, 8 10
10m / h
0,108m
Trong :
bk
Skhe
Skhe = 4
bk (m2)
G = 0,5
Trong :
G
Trong tng ton b th tch kh sinh ra th kh CH4 chim 75% th tch, nh vy lng kh
mtan do b UASB sinh ra trong ngy l:
QCH4
Qkh
75%
255 75%
191, 25 m3 /d
Px
Y
COD v
CODr Qd
Trong :
0, 04
1
kd
10
8,17kgVS / d
: h s sn lng bn,
Y = 0,04gVSS/gCOD = 0,04kgK/S/kgCOD
kd
Lng bn bm ra mi ngy:
Wb
Px
CSS
8,17
40
0, 204m3 / d
Trong :
: nng bn trong b UASB, Css = 40kg/m3.
CSS
Dng ra
mg/l
909.78
273
70
COD
mg/l
1299.68
450
65.4
SS
mg/l
279.14
97.7
65
Ch s
n v
BOD5
n v
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
Gi
Gi tr
50
5,4
5,8
0,108
2,1
1,2
0,3
3,6
4.13
B Aeroten
C s la chn phng n
Nc thi sau khi qua cc cng trnh x l c hc v sinh hc bc I nng ca cc cht
bn vn cn kh cao v vy nu p dng b aeroten c in thng thng x l s khng m
bo tiu chun p dng v khng t hiu qu cao. Aeroten xo trn hon ton l mt gii php
kh thng dng v phng php ny cho php nng BOD 5 vo b
Bng 12:
Cc thng s u vo ca b aeroten
Ch s
n v
Gi tr
Lu lng
m3/ng
600
BOD5
mg/l
273
COD
mg/l
450
SS
mg/l
97.7
Q, X0
AEROTEN
Q+Qth, X
Be
Lan g
Q, Xr
Qth, Xth
Qb, Xth
Hnh 1: S thit lp cn bng sinh khi quanh aeroten
Trong Q, Qth, ln lt l lu lng nc u vo, lu lng bn tun hon, (m3/d)
S,S0 l nng cht nn ( tnh theo BOD5) u vo v nng cht nn sau khi qua b
aeroten v b lng 2 (mg/l)
X, Xr, Xth l nng cht rn bay hi trong b aeroten, nng bn tun hon v nng
bn sau khi qua b lng 2 (mg/l)
Chn:
BOD5 ra = 20 mg/l
X0 =
H s BOD5:BOD20 = 0.68
H s sn lng ti a Y=0.5mgVSV/mgBOD5
=10 ngy
Ta c : SSra = 28 mg/l
Lng BOD20 cha trong cn l lng ra khi b lng II :
0.65 28 18.2(mg / l)
273 20
100% 92.7%
273
QX 0
Trong
:
QTh XTh
(Q QTh ) X
Gi s X0 = 0 v QTh =
nh sau :
X
X Th
Trong :
3750
9000 3750
= h s tun hon
QTh
Q
QTh
289.2m3
Din tch b mt b :
F
V
H1
289.2
3.5
82.63m2
F
82.63
10(m)
2 b 2 4.1
Chiu rng ton b b B = 2 x b = 2 x 4.1 = 8.2 (m)
L
289.2 24 6.8(h)
(600 426)
Y
1 K d Oc
Yobs
0.5
1 0.06 10
0.3125
X (VSS )
obs
Q(S
S ) 10
50.7kgVSS / ngy
PX (SS )
c
Qw
Q
Vx
V0 X
X Th Qe X e
Qe X e Qe
X Th c
Trong :
V : Th tch b aerotank ; V = 289.2m3
X : Nng cht rn bay hi; X = 3000 mgVSS/l
c : Thi gian lu bn : c = 10 ngy.
Qe : lu lng nc a ra ngoi b lng t 2 : Qe = Q = 600
m3/ngy
Xe : nng , cht rn bay hi u ra ca h thng :
Xe = 28 mgSS/l x 0.8 = 22.4 mgVSS/l
XTh : nng cht rn bay hi trong bn hot ng tnh tun
hon
XTh = 9000 mgSS/l x 0.8
Qw
Q.La
V
600.401, 5.10
289.2
0.83
BOD5 273
0.68 0.68
401.3 mg/l
T s F/M
:
F /M
La
T0 X
401.3
6.8 3000
124
0.47 ngy
0.6) ngy -1
Q(S0
S)
1.42PX
600(273 2.4)
1.42 50.7 ngy
068 1000
Vi
= 238.7 kgO2/ngy
l h s chuyn i gia BOD5 v BOD20 :
Lng oxy thc t cn s dng cho b :
OC4
OC0
Cs
CS CL
238.7
9.08
9.08 2
= 0.68
306 kgO2/ngy
Trong :
CS : nng bo ha oxy trong nc nhit lm vic ; Cs
= 9.08 mg/l
CL : lng oxy ha tan cn dng nc trong b ; CL = 2mg/l
Lng khng kh cn thit :
Qk
OCt
OU
Trong :
f : h s an ton f = 1.2
chn f = 1.5
OU = Ou.h
1.5
306
4.5 3.5 1 3
1.5
Nng sut yu cu :
QTT =
12 3
m /h = 0.34m3/s
4.3
0.283
2
0.283
20.64Kw
1.45
1
29.7ne
P1
Trong :
P : cng sut yu cu ca my nn kh kw
G : trng lng ca dng khng kh
G = QTT x
KK
R : Hng s kh R = 8.314
T1 : Nhit tuyt i T1 = 273 + 25 = 2980K
P1 : p sut tuyt i ca kh u vo P1 = 1 atm.
P2 : p sut u ra P2 = Hm + 1 = 0.45 + 1 = 1.45 atm
n
(K 1)
K
29.7 : h s chuyn i
e : hiu sut ca my, chn e = 0.7
Tnh ton h thng phn phi kh.
0.34 103
1.2
QTT
1.2
284 a
Nh vy mt b cn : 142 a
Gi s s lng a theo chiu rng :
Nb
16dia
= 8 a/b
2be
N
Nb
284
18 a
16
mb
8.2
16
0.5(m)
mL
10
18
0.5m
n v
Gi tr
8.2
10
284
Nl
18
Nb
16
ml
0.5
mb
0,5
B lng II
C s la chn phng n
B lng ng thng c p dng cho cc trm x l nc thi c cng sut va v nh.
Khi s dng b lng ng sau b aeroten cn c tc dng nn bn trc khi a bn n cc
cng trnh x l cn.
Ti trng bn : LS = 5kg/m2.h.
Din tch b mt lng theo ti trng b mt:
Q
AL =
TB
ngay
600m3 / ngay
= 24 m2.
=
25m3 / m 2 ngay
32,1m2
Do AS > AL, vy din tch b mt theo ti trng cht rn l din tch tnh ton.
A
2
32,1
2
4, 5(m)
ng knh ng trung tm
d
v=
Q Qth
F
3,8m)
hb =
4, 5 0, 5
tg500
2
2, 4(m)
Trong :
hb : chiu cao phn cha bn lng
D : ng knh b lng ng,
D = 4,5 m
(6, 52 0, 9 2 ) x 3= 45.8m3
Thi gian lu nc :
t
2V
Q Qth
2x 45,8
25 17, 75
2, 2(h)
= 500 (theo
tb = 2 x
Vb
2x 38,52
=
10,
2
Q Qth
17, 75
24
4, 2(h)
(Q Qth ) / 2
D
(600 426) / 2
3,14x 4,5
36,13m3 / m.ngay
n v
Gi tr
h1
4,5
0,9
50
hb
2,4
hbv
0,3
5,7
B tip xc
Chc nng:
Lm nhim v kh trng nc thi trc khi x ra ngun tip nhn.B c chc nng l lm
tng s tip xc ca vi khun vi cht kh trng.
V = Q t = 12.5 m3
Din tch mt bng ca b
L B H = 1m 2.1m 2.2m
n v
Gi tr
H1
H2
0.2
2.2
Vch ngn
2.1
B mtan
Lng bn dn n b mtan
Bn t b lng I:
Wb 2
Qb
100 P1
100 P2
10.2
100 99,7
100 97
1,02m 3 / d
W 100
d
Wm
Trong :
Wm
H1
37.5
3
12.5m 2
ng knh mi b:
D
4 F
4 12.5
4m
3.14
Chn chiu cao chp trn H2 = 1m, chiu cao chp y: H3 = 1m.
Chiu cao tng cng Htc= H1+H2 +H3 = 5m
Bn thi sau khi b x l b mtan th lng bn cn li khong 70%:
Wc = 70%
W = 70%
n v
Gi tr
H1
H2
H3
Sn phi bn
Chc nng:
Sau khi qua b metan lng cn s c a n sn phi bn lm ro nc, sau
bn cn s c chuyn i theo chu k
I. SONG CHN RC
I.1 Chc nng:
Nc thai a ti cong trnh lam sach trc het phai qua song chan
rac. Tai song chan rac, cac tap chat tho nh rac, tui nylon, vo trai cay, gie,
go va cac vat khac c gi lai nham am bao cho may bm va cac cong
trnh, thiet b x ly nc thai hoat ong on nh. ay la bc quan trong
nham am bao o an toan he thong x ly nc thai.
Da vao khoang cach gia cac thanh chan co the chia song chan rac
thanh cac loai nh: song chan rac loai tho, khoang cach gia cac thanh t 60
100 (mm) va song chan rac mn co khoang cach gia cac thanh t 10 25
(mm). Song chan rac c lam bang kim loai, lam sach bang thu cong hoac
c gii va at nghieng mot goc 45 600. Van toc nc chay qua thanh chan
rac c gii han trong khoang 0.6 1.0 (m/s). Van toc cc ai dao ong trong
khoang 0.75 1 (m/s) nham tranh ay rac qua khe cua song chan rac va van
toc nho nhat qua khe la 0.4 (m/s) nham tranh qua trnh phan huy cac chat
ran.
Song chan rac tho:
Nc thai a en cong trnh lam sach trc het phai qua song chan
rac. Song chan rac co the at co nh hoac di ong, cung co the la to
hp vi may nghien rac. Thong dung hn ca la cac song chan co nh. Cac
song chan c lam bang kim loai at ca vao cua kenh dan. Thanh song
chan co the co tiet dien tron, vuong, hoac hon hp.
Song chan rac mn:
e kh cac chat l lng co kch thc nho thng s dung song chan
rac mn co kch thc lo t 0.5 1 (mm).
I.2 Cc thng s thit k song chn rc:
Lu lng qmaxs = 0,074 m3/s.
o doc i = 0,008.
Chieu ngang B = 0,3 m.
Van toc vmax = 0,8 m/s.
o ay h = 0,3 m = Chieu sau lp nc song chan rac hmax = 0,3 m
- So khe h cua song chan rac c xac nh theo cong thc:
n
s
qmax
K0
V b h
0,074
1,05 21(khe)
0,8 0,016 0,3
Trong o:
qmaxs : Lu lng ln nhat giay q maxs = 0,074m3/s
- b : Khoang cach gia cac khe h b = 16 mm = 0,016 m.
- h : Chieu sau lp nc qua song chan hmax = 0,3 m.
- V : Van toc nc chay qua song chan V = 0,8 m/s
- K0 : He so tnh en mc o can tr dong chay do he thong can rac
K0 = 1,05
- Chieu rong cua song chan rac:
Bs = S x (n 1) + b x n = 0,008 x (21 1) + 0,016 x 21 = 0,5 (m)
Trong o:
S : Chieu day song chan S = 0,008 m.
Vkt
Bs
0,493 (m / s)
0,4 (m / s)
hS
Ma:
4
sin
2,42
0,008
sin 60 0
0,832
0,016
Trong o :
Vmax : Toc o chuyen ong cua nc thai trc song chan ng vi lu
lng ln nhat V max = 0,8 m/s.
K : He so tnh en s tang ton that do vng mac rac song chan. K = 2
3. Chon K = 2.
: He so sc can cuc bo cua song chan
: He so phu thuoc tiet dien ngang cua thanh. Tiet dien ch nhat
=
2,42
0
: Goc nghieng at song chan so vi phng ngang
= 60 .
hS
0,8 2
0,832
2
2 9,81
0,05 (m)
Bs B
2 tg 20 0
0,5 0,3
2 tg 20 0
0,275 (m)
Chon L1 = 0,28 m
- Chieu dai ngan thu hep sau song chan rac :
L2
L1
2
0,28
2
0,14
Qh,max
266,56m 3 / h
10 ph
60 ph / h
44,43m 3
Vi
t : Thi gian lu nc ham bm t = 10 30ph, chon t = 10ph
Chon kch thc cua ho thu nc: L x B x H = 4,5 x 4 x 2,5m
III. BE LANG CAT THOI KH:
Vai tro cua be lang cat la bao ve cac thiet b may moc khoi b
mon, giam s lang ong cua cac vat lieu nang trong ong, kenh dangiam
so lan suc ra cac be phan huy can do tch tu qua nhieu cat.
Cac thong so tnh toan thiet ke be lang cat thoi kh c lay t
bang 10-6 sach XLNT o th va cong nghiep cua thay Lam Minh Triet:
Gia s chon:
Thi gian lu nc trong be lang cat thoi kh t = 5phut
T so rong : sau =1:1
Chieu sau be H = 2m
Chieu cao bao ve hbv = 0,3m
Chieu cao vung cha cat hcat = 0,6m
Lng khong kh cung cap qk = 0,2m3/m.phut
- The tch be lang cat thoi kh:
W
Qhmax
266,6
5
60
22,2m 3
W
B H
22,2
2 2
5,6m
L
B
5,6
2
2,5 5
1 1
2,8
qk
Qh,max
266,6m 3 / h 5h
1333m 3
Chon chieu cao lam viec h = 4.5m, chieu cao bao ve hbv = 0.5m
Chieu cao xay dng
H
hbv
4,5
0,5
5m
V
H
1333m 3
5m
266m 2
10 15
L/m3.ph(m3
be)
the tch
R Vtt
0.012m 3 / m 3 . ph 1333m 3
16m 3 / ph 16000L / ph
Vi
R : Toc o kh nen, R = 10 15L/m3.ph, chon R = 12L/m3.ph
Vtt : The tch tnh toan cua be, Vtt = 1333m3
So a phan phoi kh can thiet cho khuay tron
n
qK
r
16000L / ph
200L / ph
80dia
V. BE TUYEN NOI:
Bang thong so thiet ke be tuyen noi kh hoa tan: (trang 450 sach X ly
nc thai o th va cong nghiep tnh toan thiet ke cong trnh Lam
Minh Triet , Nguyen Phc Dan, Nguyen Thanh Hung)
Bang 4:
Thong so
Gia tr
Trong khoang
ac trng
Ap suat kN/m
170 - 475
270 - 340
T so kh:ran
0,03 0,05
0,01 0,2
1 3
20 325
20 60
0,5 - 3
5 - 120
Chon:
Be tuyen noi hnh ch nhat
Chieu sau phan tuyen noi: hn = 2,5m
Chieu sau phan lang bun: hb = 0,7m
Chieu cao bao ve: hbv = 0,3m
Ty le chieu dai/chieu rong: L/B 3 1
Ty so chieu rong/chieu sau: B/H = 1,5:1 (1:1 en 2,25:1)
- Dien tch be tuyen noi:
Q
LA
2000m 3 / ngd
48m 3 / m 2 .ngd
41,7m 2
A
B
41,7
4
10,5m
Gia s
Chieu dai vung phan phoi vao: l vao = 1m
Chieu dai vung thu nc: lthu = 1m
- Chieu dai tong cong
Ltc = L + Lvao + Lra = 10,5 + 1 + 1 =12,5m
Kiem tra t so L:B = 12,5:4 > 3:1
- The tch vung tuyen noi
W = B x L x hn = 4 x 10,5 x 2,5 = 105m3
- Thi gian lu nc cua vung tuyen noi:
t
W
Qh
105m 3
83,3m 3 / h
1,26h
3,4% 1,0072
1572kgSS / ngay
1m 3
46 m / ngay
VI. BE UASB:
VI.1 Chc nang:
ay la mot trong nhng qua trnh k kh c ng dung rong rai nhat
tren the gii do hai ac iem chnh sau:
Ca 3 qua trnh, phan huy lang bun tach kh, c lap at cung 1
cong trnh.
Tao thanh cac loai bun hat co mat o vi sinh rat cao va toc o lang
vt xa so vi bun hoat tnh dang l lng.
Ben canh o, qua trnh x ly sinh hoc k kh s dung UASB con co
nhng u iem so vi qua trnh bun hoat tnh hieu kh nh:
t tieu ton nang lng van hanh.
t bun d, nen giam chi ph x ly bu.
Bun sinh ra de tach nc.
Nhu cau dinh dng thap nen giam c chi ph bo xung chat dinh
dng.
Co kha nang thu hoi nang lng t kh methane sinh ra trong qua trnh.
Co kha nang hoat ong theo mua v k kh co the phuc hoi va hoat
ong c sau mot thi gian ngng khong nap lieu.
He thong UASB (Up flow Anaerobic Slugle Blanked) c phat trien t
he thong x k kh oi vi cac loai nc thai co nong o cac chat o
nhiem hu c cao. Trong nhng nam gan ay UASB a c nghien cu
chuyen sau va trien khai ap dung rong rai tren the gii do cac u iem sau:
Tai trong phan huy hu c cao do o mat bang yeu cau cho he thong
x ly nho.
Nhu cau tieu thu nang lng thap do khong can cung cap oxygen.
Co kha nang thu hoi nang lng.
VI. Tnh toan:
Q
LA
2000m 3 / ngay
12m 3 / m 2 .ngay
166,7m 2
Vr
Q.C o
LCOD
1kg
1000g
1080m 3
166,7
8
A
n
4,6m
Vr
A
1080m 3
166,7m 2
6,5m
Gi s chiu cao phn thu kh hp = 1,5m (hp = 1,5 2m), chiu cao bo v hbv = 0,3m
- Chiu cao tng cng ca b UASB:
Htc = H + hp + hbv = 6,5 + 1,5 +0,3 = 8,3m
Gi s mi n nguyn c hai phu thu kh, mi phu c chiu cao 1,5m, y phu thu
kh c chiu di bng cnh n nguyn: l = B = 4,6m v chiu rng b = 1,9m
- Vy phn din tch b mt khe h h gia cc phu thu kh l:
AKh
A
A Ap
A
100
17,4%
Trong :
A: Din tch b mt b
Akh : Din tch khe h gia cc phu kh
Ap: Din tch y phu thu kh
Gia tr nay nam trong khoangAkh/A =15 20%
Gia s moi n nguyen co 6 ong phan phoi vao, dien tch trung bnh cho mot
au phan phoi:
an
4,6m 4,6m
6
3,53m 2 / dau
2 5m 2 / dau
C SS Vr
TS
30kgSS / m 3 1080m 3
0,05
1tan
1000kg
648 tan
Trong o:
CSS: Ham lng bun trong be (30kg/m3)
Vr : The tch ngan phan ng
TS: Ham lng chat ran trong bun nuoi cay ban au, %
- Ham lng COD cua nc thai sau x ly k kh:
CODra = (1 0,6) x 1620mg/l = 648 mg/l
- Ham lng BOD cua nc thai sau x ly k kh:
BODra = (1 0,7) x 1260 = 378 mg/l
Y
Q
S0
1 Kd
0,04gVSS / gCOD
1
0,015ngay
90ngay
1000g / kg
33KgVS / ngay
159
VCH4
350,84
S0
S Qb 1,42Px
1620 648 gCOD / m 3 2000m 3 /
1kg
1,42 33
1000g
ngay
VCH4
665592,6l / ngay
302m / ngay
Trong o:
0
VCH 4 : The tch kh metan sinh ra ieu kien chuan (nhiet o 0 C va ap
suat 1atm)
Q: Lu lng bun vao be k kh, m3/ngay
Px: Sinh khoi te bao sinh ra moi ngay, KgVS/ngay
350,84: He so chuyen oi ly thuyet lng kh metan san sinh t 1kg
BODL chuyen hoan
toan thanh kh metan va CO2, lit CH4/kg BODL
- Lng bun d sinh ra moi ngay:
QW
Px
0,75 C SS
33KgVS / ngay
1,47m 3 / ngay
3
0,75kgVS / kgSS 30kgSS / m
QW
C SS
44kgSS / ngay
VII. BE AEROTEN:
VII.1. Chc nang:
Be co nhiem vu x ly triet e cac chat hu c con lai trong nc.
Trong be bun hoat tnh dien ra qua trnh oxy hoa sinh hoa cac chat hu c
hoa tan va dang keo trong nc thai di s tham gia cua vi sinh vat hieu kh.
Trong be co he thong suc kh tren khap dien tch be nham cung cap oxy, tao
ieu kien thuan li cho vi sinh vat hieu kh hoat ong, phat trien va phan
giai cac chat o nhiem. Vi sinh vat hieu kh se tieu thu cac chat hu c
dang keo va hoa tan co trong nc thai e tang trng va tang sinh khoi.
Ban chat cua phng phap la phan huy sinh hoc hieu kh vi cung cap
oxy cng bc va mat o sinh vat c duy tr cao (2,000 5,000 mg/l). Do vay,
tai trong phan huy chat hu c cao va can t mat bang cho he thong x ly.
Tuy nhien he thong co nhc iem la can nhieu thiet b va tieu hao nhieu
nang lng.
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh nc thai bao gom 3 giai oan sau:
- Oxy hoa cac chat hu c:
Enzyme
CxHyOz + O2
CO2 + H2O +
Enzyme
Enzyme
H
CO2 + H2O +
Q, S0
Be
Aeroten
Qe, S,
Be
lang II
Qr, Xr, S
Qw, Xe
Trong o:
Q, Qr, Qw, Qe : Lu lng nc au vao, lu lng bun tuan hoan, lu
lng bun xa va lu lng nc au ra, m3/ngay.
So, S : Nong o chat nen (tnh theo BOD5) au vao va nong o chat
nen sau khi qua be Aeroten va be lang, mg/l.
X, Xr, Xe : Nong o chat ran bay hi trong be Aeroten, nong o bun
tuan hoan va nong o bun sau khi qua be lang II, mg/l.
- Phng trnh can bang vat chat
BOD5 au ra = BOD5 hoa tan+ BOD5 cha trong lng can l lng
au ra
Trong o:
BOD5 au ra : 50 mg/L
BOD5 hoa tan i ra t be Aeroten la S, mg/L
SSra = 60 mg/l (65% la can co the phan huy sinh hoc)
BOD5 cha trong can l lng au ra c xac nh nh sau: 0,65 x 60 =
39 (mg/L).
Vay lng O2 can thiet:
39 (mg/L) x 1,42 (mg O2/mg te bao) = 55,38 mg/L.
- Qua trnh tnh toan da theo phng trnh phan ng:
C5H7O2N + 5O2 5CO2 + 2H2O + NH3 + Nang lng
113 mg 160 mg
1 mg
1,42 mg
Chuyen oi t gia tr BOD20 sang BOD5
BOD5 = BOD20 x 0,68 = 55,38 x 0,68 = 37,66 (mg/L)
Vay : 50 (mg/L) = S + 37,66 (mg/L) S = 12,34 (mg/L
Tnh hieu qua x ly
- Hieu qua x ly tnh theo BOD5 hoa tan
So S
100
So
378 12,34
100 97 %
378
378 50
100 87 %
378
QY c (La
X (1 k d
Trong o:
c : Thi gian lu bun, chon
= 10 ngay
714 (m 3 )
Yobs
cK
0,5
1 10 0,06
0,315
- Lng sinh khoi gia tang moi ngay tnh theo MLVSS:
Px = Yobs x Q x (BODvao - BODra)
= 0,3125 x 2000 x (378 12,34) x 10-3= 288,5 (kgVSS/ngay)
- Tong lng can l lng sinh ra trong mot ngay:
Px
0,8
Pxl
288,5
0,8
360,6 (kgSS/ngay )
VSS
168kgVS / ngay
Q w X th
Qe X e
QW
X th c
Trong o:
V : The tch be Aeroten V = 714 m3
X : Nong o chat ran bay hi: X = 3200 mg/L
c : Thi gian lu bun c = 10 (ngay)
Qe : Lu lng nc a ra ngoai t be lang t II (lng nc thai ra khoi
he thong). Xem nh lng nc that thoat do tuan hoan bun la khong ang ke
nen Qe = Q = 2.000 (m3/ngay)
Xth : Nong o chat ran bay hi co trong bun hoat tnh tuan hoan Xth =
8.000 (mg/L)
714 3.200 2000 48 10
16.56 (m3/ngay )
8.000 10
QW
Q,X0
Qra,Xra
Q+Qth,X
Aeroten
Lang
II
Qth,Xth
Qb,Xth
Qth X th
Q Qth X
Vi
Q : Lu lng nc thai
Qth : Lu lng bun hoat tnh tuan hoan
X0 : Nong o VSS trong nc thai dan vao Aeroten, mg/L
X : Nong o VSS be Aeroten, X = 3200mg/L
Xth : Nong o VSS trong bun tuan hoan, X = 8000mg/L
Do X0 thng rat nho so vi X va Xth, do o trong phng trnh can bang
vat chat tren co the bo qua ai lng QX0 . Khi o phng trnh can bang
vat chat se co dang :
Qth X th
Q Qth X
Qth
Q
: c goi la
X th
X
X
Hay
X th
3200
8000 3200
0,67 va
Qth
Q
11,1m 3 / ngay
Vi
X : Nong o VSS be aeroten, X = 3200mg/L
Xth : Nong o VSS trong bun tuan hoan, Xth = 8000mg/L
Xac nh thi gian lu nc cua be aeroten
W
Q
714m 3
2000m 3 / ngay
0,357ngay
8,568h
8,6h
Tnh lng oxy can cung cap cho be Aeroten da tren BOD20
- Lng oxy can thiet trong ieu kien tieu chuan
Q(S o S )
1,42Px
f
OCO
OCO
Cs
Cs
665,8
CL
9,08
9,08 2
Trong o:
Cs : Nong o bao hoa oxy trong nc nhiet o lam viec Cs = 9,08
mg/L
CL : Lng oxy hoa tan can duy tr trong be CL = 2 mg/L
Kiem tra ty so F/M va tai trong the tch cua be :
Ch so F/M
F
M
S0
X
378
0,357 3.200
Gia tr nay nam trong khoang cho phep cua thong so thiet ke be (0,2 0,6)
- Tai trong the tch cua be aeroten
L
S0 Q
V
378 10 3 2.000
714
Gia tr nay nam trong khoang thong so cho phep khi thiet ke be (0,8 19)
- Tnh lng khong kh can thiet e cung cap vao be
QKK
OU
OCt
f'
OU
Ou H 7gO2 / m 3 .m 4.6m
32.2gO2 / m 3
Vi
f ' : He so an toan , chon f
'
853,88kgO2 / ngay
32.2gO 2 / m 3 10 3 kg / g
26518m 3 / ngay
18415,3L / ph
Chon thiet b khuech tan kh dang a xop , ng knh 170 mm , dien tch
be mat F=0,0227 m2, cng o thoi kh 200 L/phut.a = 12 m3/gi.a
o sau ngap nc cua a phan phoi kh lay bang chieu sau hu ch
cua be H = 4.6m (at sat ay be)
- So a can phan phoi trong be
n
QKK
I
18415,3L / ph
200L / ph.dia
92dia
hd
hc
hf
0,4
0,5
4.6
5.5m
Vi
hd : Ton that ap lc do ma sat doc theo chieu dai ong dan, m
hc : Ton that cuc bo, m
hf : Ton that qua thiet b phan phoi, m
H : Chieu sau hu ch cua be, chon H = 4.6m
Ton that hd va hc thng khong vt qua 0,4m ; ton that hf khong qua 0,5m
- Ap lc khong kh
P
10,33 H ct
10,33
10,33 5.5
10,33
1,5324at
34400(P 0, 29 1) q
102
34400(1,5324 0, 29 1) 0,528
102 0,8
29.33KW
Vi
q : Lu lng khong kh, q = 0,528m3/s
: Hieu suat may nen kh; = 0,7 0,9 chon
= 0,8
4 QKK
v Khi
4 0.307
15 3,14
0.1615m
161,5mm
QKK
14
18415L / ph
14
1315L / ph
4 Qnhanh
v' khi
4 0.022
3.14 15
0.0432m
4 QKK
D
4 0.307
3.14 0.17 2
13.53m / s
4 Qnhanh
d
4 0.022
3.14 0.045 2
13.84 m / s
'
v kh
i nam trong khoang cho phep (10 -15 m/s)
0.022m 3 / s
La
F/M
378mg / L
0,357ngay 3200mg / L
0,33kgBOD5 / kgVSS.ngay
Vi
: Thi gian lu nc cua aeroten 0,357 ngay
- Tai trong the tch
La Q
10
W
1,059kgBOD5 / m 3 .ngay
Ca hai gia tr nay eu nam trong gii han cho phep oi vi aeroten
xao tron hoan toan nh a e cap tren.
Kch thc be aeroten
- Dien tch cua aeroten tren mat bang
F
W
H
714m 3
4.6m
155m 2
155m 2
10
F
B
15.5m
hbv
4.6
0.4
5m
TB
Qngay
2000m 3 / ngay
20m 3 / m 2 .ngay
LA
Trong o:
100m 2
TB
Qngay
:Lu lng trung bnh ngay, m3/ngay
LS
78,9m
4 50
3,14
8m
V
hL
d2
8 2 1,6 2
L
3,5 168,81m 3
168,8m 3
2000 11,1 m 3 /
V
QW
Qth
0,084ngay
2,016h
ngay
A hb
150m 3
2000 11,1 m 3 / ngay 1ngay /
Vb
Q Qth
1,8h
24h
Q QW
D
Gia s bun sinh hoc co ham lng TSm = 5%, VSm = 70% va khoi
lng rieng bun Sm = 1,0091
- Dung tch bun can x ly moi ngay:
Qw
SS
5% 1,0091
1
240,6
5% 1,0091 1000L
4,77m 3 / ngay
4,77 1,47
/ ngay
52,24m 3 / ngay
46 m
1856,6kgSS / ngay
M VSS
1223kgVS / ngay
Vt
1223kgVS / ngay
0,6kgVS / m 3 .ngay
2038m 3
Vt
QS
td
2038m
52,24m 3 / ngay
39ngay
M VSS 1 E%
1223kgVS / ngay
1 0,5
611,5kgVS / ngay
M SS
M VSS
1856,6 1223
633,6kgSS / ngay
SVS
SS
611,5
633,6
1245,1kgTS / ngay
SVS
ST
611,5
100%
1245,1
100%
49,1%
Da vao TSph va VSph co the xac nh khoi lng rieng cua bun a phan
huy Sph = 1,019
- Toc o bun tch luy:
Qa
ST
TS%S ph
1245,1kgTS / ngay
0,06 1019kg / m 3
20,4m 3 / ngay
QS
Qa t p
2
Qa t s
Trong o:
QS: Toc o bun vao be phan huy, m3/ngay
Qa: Toc o bun tch luy, m3/ngay
2028,5m 3
V
nH
2028,5m 3
4 8m
9m
QS
Qa
20,4m 3 / ngay
52,24m 3 / ngay
31,84m 3 / ngay
M TS (vao)
1 E%
1245,1kgTS / ngay
1 0,85
186,77kgTS / ngay
M TS (vao)
E%
1058,3kgDS / ngay
M DS
1058,3kgDS / ngay
TS
23%
4601,5kg / ngay
Mw
Sb
4601,5kg / ngay
4,28m 3 / ngay
3
1076kg / m
QS
Qb
52,24
4,28
47,96m 3 / ngay
MF
QF
186,77kgSS / ngay
47,96m 3 / ngay
3,894kg / m 3
3894mgSS / L
M TS (vao) C polymer
1tan
1000kg
5,6kg / ngay
XI. BE KH TRUNG:
XI.1 Muc ch:
Nc thai qua qua trnh x ly sinh hoc se gan nh sach ve mat chat
hu c. Song vi lng nc thai ay th ham lng vi sinh vat, vi khuan cho
con ngi van con. Chnh v the, cong oan nay se tien hanh qua trnh
kh trung bang ozone ket hp vi ch61t oxy hoa nham tieu diet vi khuan
gay benh.
XI.2. Tnh toan:
- Chon thi gian lu cho be la 15 phut.
- The tch be la:
V=2000 x 15phut/(60phutx24h)= 20,83m3
Vay kch thc be la:L x B x H = 4m x 3,5m x 1,5m
- Lng clo hoat tnh can thet e kh trung nc thai. Chon clo dung la
dung dch clo 10%.
V = a . Q,
Trong o:
a : lng clo hoat tnh, chon a =8 mg/L
Q: lu lng nc thai m3/h
V= 8 x 2000 x 10-3 = 16 kg/ng