Mc lc

Tn
Trang
Li ni u ----------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Chng I: Gii thiu chung v TMT v s cn thit xy dng php
lut
v TMT------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
I.Gii thiu chung v TMT --------------------------------------------------------7
1.Khi nim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.S ra i v pht trin ca TMT ------------------------------------------------9
3.S khc bit gia TMT v TMTT -------------------------------------------- 12
3.1.iu kin tn ti v pht trin ------------------------------------------ 12
3.2.Hnh thc hp ng ------------------------------------------------------ 13
3.3.Phng thc giao dch --------------------------------------------------- 13
3.4.Phng thc thanh ton ------------------------------------------------- 14
4.Li ch ca TMT---------------------------------------------------------------- 14
4.1.Li ch i vi doanh nghip, t chc kinh t ------------------------ 15
4.2.Li ch i vi ngi tiu dng----------------------------------------- 19
II.S cn thit xy dng php lut v TMT ----------------------------------- 21
1.L do th nht--------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
2.L do th hai ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
3.L do th ba ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
Chng II: Php lut quc t v TMT --------------------------------------- 26
I.Cc quy nh php lut v vn bn in t ------------------------------------ 27
1.Khi nim ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
2.Ni dung cc quy nh----------------------------------------------------------- 28
2.1.Vn bn in t p ng cc yu cu php l v vn bn----------- 28
2.2.Cc quy nh v giao dch bng vn bn in t --------------------- 35

II.Quy nhphp lut lin quan n ch k in t----------------------------- 42

1.Khi nim v Chc nng -------------------------------------------------------- 42
1.1.Khi nim ----------------------------------------------------------------- 42
1.2.Chc nng ----------------------------------------------------------------- 42
2.Mt s quy nh php lut v ch k in t --------------------------------- 44
2.1.Quy nh ca UNCITRAL ---------------------------------------------- 44
2.2.Quy nh ca c -------------------------------------------------------- 48
III.Quy nh php lut v bo v v bo mt thng tin ngi tiu dng ----- 49
1.Bo v ngi tiu dng khi tham gia TMT---------------------------------- 49
1.1.Quyn li ca ngi tiu dng ----------------------------------------- 49
1.2.Ngha v ca doanh nghip trong bo v ngi tiu dng ---------- 50
2.Bo mt thng tin v d liu lin quan n ngi tiu dng ---------------- 54
2.1.Quy nh ca EU --------------------------------------------------------- 55
2.2.Nguyn tc bo mt thng tin ngi tiu dng ca OECD --------- 56
2.3.Quy nh ca Canada ---------------------------------------------------- 57
IV.Quy nh v mt s vn khc ---------------------------------------------- 58
1.Quy nh v vn bn giy t lin quan n chuyn ch hng ho --------- 58
2.nh thu cc giao dch TMT ------------------------------------------------ 59
3.Quy nh v thanh ton in t ------------------------------------------------- 62
Chng III: nh hng xy dng php lut TMT cho Vit Nam ------ 66
I.TMT Vit Nam-Thc trng v gii php------------------------------------- 66
1.Thc trng TMT Vit Nam---------------------------------------------------- 66
1.1.Thc trng chung--------------------------------------------------------- 66
1.2.Thc trng c s h tng nhn thc trong doanh nghip ------------ 67
1.3.Thc trng c s h tng chnh sch----------------------------------- 69
2.Gii php -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
2.1.Gii php t pha Chnh ph -------------------------------------------- 72
2.2.Gii php t pha doanh nghip ---------------------------------------- 74
II.Khuyn ngh xy dng h thng php lut cho TMT Vit Nam --------- 81

1.Tham kho v p dng php lut TMT quc t----------------------------- 81

2.Kin ngh ban hnh vn bn php quy----------------------------------------- 82
3.Nng cao nhn thc v hiu bit------------------------------------------------ 85
4.Yu cu t vn, gip ---------------------------------------------------------- 86
Kt lun------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 89
Ti liu tham kho----------------------------------------------------------------- 90

Mt s k hiu vit tt
1. TMT: Thng mi in t
2. CKT: Ch k in t
3. TMTT: Thng mi truyn thng
4. UNCITRAL: y ban ca Lin Hp Quc v php lut Thng mi
Quc t;
5. OECD: T chc Hp tc v Pht trin kinh t;
6. ICC: Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip
7. CSP: ngi cung cp "giy chng nhn ch k in t" v cung cp
cc dch v khc lin quan n ch k in t
8. CNTT: Cng ngh thng tin

Li ni u
Chng ta ang sng trong thi i ca Cng ngh thng tin, ca K
thut s ho, ca nhng thay i khng ngng trn mi phng din.
Song hnh vi nhng thay i chng mt l nhng khi nim mi,
nhng phm tr mi, nhng cch thc mi, v Thng mi in t l mt
phng thc kinh doanh mi tng t nh vy. Tuy mi ch xut hin
cch y cha lu v ang cn trong giai on hnh thnh v pht trin
nhng Thng mi in t cng phn no tc ng n cuc sng ca
mi con ngi chng ta.
Thng mi in t vi nhng c tnh u vit hn hn Thng
mi Truyn thng ang l mt xu th tt yu hu ht cc quc gia,
nhng ng thi cng ko theo n hng lot cc vn pht sinh v ni
cm nht l cc vn php l lin quan n Thng mi in t.
Trc thc trng rt bc xc ca hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii
v cc kha cnh php l lin quan n Thng mi in t, trong c
Vit Nam, ti chn ti "Php lut quc t v Thng mi in t"
nghin cu v trnh by trong kho lun tt nghip ti Trng i hc
Ngoi Thng.
Mc ch nghin cu:
1.Lm r s cn thit ca vic xy dng php lut cho hot ng TMT.
2.Trn c s thc tin php lut TMT v kinh nghim quc t v php
lut v TMT xut nhng nh hng cho vic xy dng mt khun
kh php l cho hot ng TMT Vit Nam.
Phm vi nghin cu:
Kho lun ny ch cp n cc quy nh php lut v ba vn
ln lin quan n TMT, l:
Vn bn in t
Ch k in t
Bo mt thng tin ngi tiu dng

V quy nh php lut v mt s vn lin quan khc nh:

Chuyn ch hng ho
nh thu cc giao dch TMT
Thanh ton in t
i tng nghin cu:
i tng nghin cu ca ti ny l cc quy nh php lut, lut
mu ca cc t chc quc t (UNCITRAL-y ban ca Lin Hp Quc v
php lut Thng mi Quc t; OECD-T chc Hp tc v Pht trin kinh
t; ICC-Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip;....) v mt s quc gia (M,
Anh, c, Canada, Newzealand, Hng Kng.....).
Phng php nghin cu:
Su tm, thu thp ti liu t sch, bo, Internet
Thng k, phn tch
So snh
B cc ca kho lun:
Chng I: Gii thiu chung v Thng mi in t v S cn
thit phi xy dng php lut v Thng mi in t. Chng
ny s cp n khi nim v Thng mi in t; Li ch ca
Thng mi in t i vi hai ch th ln tham gia hot ng
Thng mi in t l Doanh nghip v Ngi tiu dng; S
khc bit c bn gia TMT v TMTT;Qu trnh hnh thnh v
pht trin ca TMT; Chng I cng s ng thi cp n ba
nguyn nhn chnh dn ti s ra i ca php lut v Thng
mi in t,
Chng II: Quy nh php lut ca mt s t chc quc t v
quc gia v Thng mi in t. Chng II ny s nu ra cc
quy nh php lut v ba vn ln lin quan n Thng mi
in t (Vn bn in t, Ch k in t, Bo mt thng tin
ngi tiu dng) ng thi cp s lc n cc quy nh v

mt s kha cnh khc vi mc ch tham kho (nh thu cc

giao dch Thng mi in t; Thanh ton in t; Chuyn ch
hng ho;....). Mc tiu ca chng ny l tm hiu v quy nh
php lut ca cc t chc quc t v mt s quc gia lin quan
n Thng mi in t, lm nn tng c s tham kho cho
vic xy dng php lut v Thng mi in t Vit Nam sau
ny.
Chng III: nh hng xy dng h thng php lut cho hot
ng Thng mi in t ca Vit Nam. Chng III ny s
cung cp mt s thng tin lin quan n thc trng Thng mi
in t Vit Nam, gii php pht trin Thng mi in t
Vit Nam trong c gii php xy dng khun kh php l
cho Thng mi in t, v ng thi a ra cc khuyn ngh
xy dng h thng php lut Thng mi in t Vit Nam.
Do hn ch v thi gian v ngun ti liu nn trong qu trnh thc
hin ti ny chc chn khng th trnh khi nhng sai st. Ti rt
mong nhn c s cm thng v gp ca qu v.
Ti xin by t lng trn trng cm n ti Gio s, Tin s, Nh
gio Nhn dn Bi Xun Lu, thy tn tnh hng dn, ch bo v to
mi iu kin thun li cho ti trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny.
Ti cng xin trn trng v chn thnh cm n gia nh v b bn
gip ti rt nhiu trong qa trnh tm ti liu cng nh thc hin ti
ny.
H Ni, Thng 11 nm 2002
Nguyn Thu Trang
A12-K37- H Ngoi Thng