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SIGNA PRAEHISTORICA Studia in honorem magistri Attila Lszl septuagesimo anno

Honoraria, 9
Redigit: Victor Spinei

Cover design: Manuela Oboroceanu

The English translations were revised by: Norbert Poruciuc

ISBN: 978-973-703-581-3

UNIVERSITATEA ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA FACULTATEA DE ISTORIE CENTRUL INTERDISCIPLINAR DE STUDII ARHEOISTORICE ACADEMIA ROMN INSTITUTUL DE ARHEOLOGIE IAI MUZEUL NAIONAL SECUIESC SFNTU GHEORGHE

SIGNA PRAEHISTORICA Studia in honorem magistri Attila Lszl septuagesimo anno


Ediderunt Neculai Bolohan, Florica Mu et Felix Adrian Tencariu

EDITURA UNIVERSITII ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA

IAI-2010

This publication was financially supported by the

Szkely Nemzeti Mzeum, Sepsiszentgyrgy/ Muzeul Naional Secuiesc, Sfntu Gheorghe and DAAD Alumni Club

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei OMAGIU. Attila, Lszl Signa praehistorica : studia in honorem magistri Attila Lszl septuagesimo anno / ediderunt Neculai Bolohan, Florica Mu et Felix Adrian Tencariu. - Iai : Editura Universitii "Al. I. Cuza", 2010 ISBN 978-973-703-581-3 I. Bolohan, Neculai (ed.) II. Mu, Florica (ed.) III. Tencariu, Felix Adrian (ed.)

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CONTENTS/INHALTSVERZEICHNIS/ TABLE DES MATIRES


Tabula Gratulatoria ........................................................................................................... 9 On the Occasion of Professor Attila Lszls 70th Anniversary ................................. 13 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 19 Abbreviations/Abkrzungen/Abrviations ..................................................................... 41 Nicolae URSULESCU, Alexander RUBEL Die Ausgrabungen in Cucuteni im Jahre 1910 nach einem unverffentlichten Grabungsbericht von Hubert Schmidt .......................................... 49 Spturile de la Cucuteni din 1910 reflectate ntr-un raport inedit al lui Hubert Schmidt ................................................................................................................. 57 Marin DINU On the Censer Type Pots from the Final Period (Horoditea Erbiceni Gordineti) of the Cucuteni Culture in the Romanian Space West of the Prut .......................................................................................................................... 85 Felix-Adrian TENCARIU Some Thoughts Concerning the Pottery Pyrotechnology in Neolithic and Chalcolithic .............................................................................................................. 119 Jnos MAKKAY Two Peculiar Types of the North Caucasian Maikop Culture. Their Southern Parallels and Chronological Importance ........................................ 141 Tiberius BADER Wiederherstellung des Inhaltes einer alten Entdeckung. - Der Hortfund von Stna/Felsboldd bez. Satu Mare und sein Mentor/Frsprecher Antal Gyurits ................................................................................................................... 165 Nikolaus BOROFFKA, Rodica BOROFFKA Ein alter bronzener Dolch aus Siebenbrgen ............................................................. 189 Radu BJENARU About the Terminology and Periodization of the Early Bronze Age in the Carpathian-Danube Area ................................................................................... 203

Anca-Diana POPESCU Deliberate Destruction of Pottery During the Bronze Age A Case Study ........... 213 Neculai BOLOHAN All in One. Issues of Methodology, Paradigms and Radiocarbon Datings Concerning the Outer Eastern Carpathian Area ....................................................... 229 Florica MU Patterns of Deposition. The Metal Artefacts at the End of the Bronze Age and the Beginning of the Iron Age in the Lower Danube Region ............................ 245 Mihai WITTENBERGER A Special Site of the Noua Culture - Boldu, Cluj County ........................................ 265 Dan POP The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar, Maramure County ................. 283 Bogdan Petru NICULIC Karl Adolf Romstorfer, un pionnier de la recherche des dpts de bronzes de la Bucovine ................................................................................................................. 321 Sorin Cristian AILINCI New Observations on the First Iron Age Discoveries at Revrsarea Cotul Tichileti, Isaccea, Tulcea County...................................................................... 343 Mria FEKETE Sankt Veit. Angaben zu den prhistorischen Feiern und Gtter (namen) sowien dem Schmuck der Zeremonienbekleidung aus Pannonien ........................... 373 Aurel ZANOCI, Valeriu BANARU Die Frhhallstattzeitlichen Befestigungsanlagen im ostkarpatischen Raum ......... 403 Constantin ICONOMU Some Dobrudja Discovered Items from a Private Collection ............................... 443 Adrian PORUCIUC The Greek Term Keramos (Potters Clay, Earthenware) as Probably Inherited from a Pre-Indo-European (Egyptoid) Substratum .................................. 451

Signa Praehistorica. Studia in honorem magistri Attila Lszl septuagesimo anno Ediderunt Neculai Bolohan, Florica Mu, Felix Adrian Tencariu

TABULA GRATULATORIA Adrian Adamescu, Galai Ion Agrigoroaiei, Iai Serghei Agulnikov, Chiinu Sorin Cristian Ailinci, Tulcea Ruxandra Alaiba, Iai Marius Alexianu, Iai Alexandra Anders, Budapest Stelios Andreou, Thessaloniki Mugurel Andronic, Suceava Dan Aparaschivei, Iai Tudor Arnutu, Chiinu Andrei Asndulesei, Iai Costic Asvoaiei, Iai Mircea Babe, Bucureti Tiberius Bader, Hemmingen Valeriu Banaru, Chiinu Eszter Bnnfy, Budapest Lszl Bartosiewicz, Budapest Paraschiva-Victoria Batariuc, Suceava Gabriel Bdru, Iai Radu Bjenaru, Bucureti Luminia Bejenaru, Iai Ioan Bejinariu, Zalu Ctlin Bem, Bucureti George Bilavschi, Iai Katalin Bir, Budapest Wojciech Blajer, Krakow George Bodi, Iai Dumitru Boghian, Suceava Ovidiu Boldur, Bacu Neculai Bolohan, Iai Nikolaus Boroffka, Berlin Rodica Boroffka, Berlin Ilie Borziac, Chiinu Bartk Botond, Sfntu Gheorghe Rezi Botond, Trgu Mure Octavian Bounegru, Iai Jean Bourgeois, Gent Jan Bouzek, Praha Ovidiu Buruian, Iai Dan Buzea, Sfntu Gheorghe Ion Caprou, Iai Valeriu Cavruc, Sfntu Gheorghe Alberto Cazella, Roma Viorel Cpitanu, Bacu John Chapman, Durham Ion Chicideanu, Bucureti Costel Chiriac, Iai Laureniu Chiriac, Vaslui Vasile Chirica, Iai Jan Chokorowski, Krakow Miron Cih, Bucureti Horia Ciugudean, Alba Iulia Ioan Ciuperc, Iai Marius Ciut, Alba Iulia Gheorghe Cliveti, Iai Mihai Cojocariu, Iai Jean Marie Cordy, Lige

Tabula Gratulatoria

Vasile Cotiug, Iai George Costea, Tulcea Ovidiu Cotoi, Galai Cristina Creu, Iai Roxana Curc, Iai Zoltn Czajlik, Budapest Lidia Dasclu, Iai Wolfgang David, Manching Mireille David-Elbiali, Gneve Valentin Dergacev, Chiinu Vasile Diaconu, Tg. Neam Marin Dinu, Iai Florin Draovean, Timioara Sever Dumitracu, Oradea Gheorghe Dumitroaia, Piatra Neam Istvn Ecsedy, Szzhalombatta Linda Ellis, San Francisco Apai Emese, Cluj-Napoca Sergiu Enea, Trgu Frumos Burcin Erdogu, Edirne Mria Fekete, Pcs Marilena Florescu, Iai Kalla Gbor, Budapest Nagy Izsef Gbor, Cluj-Napoca Szab Gbor, Budapest Alexandra Gvan, Cluj-Napoca Marek Gedl, Krakow Florin Gogltan, Cluj-Napoca tefan-Sorin Gorovei, Iai Jochen Grsdorf, Berlin Anthony Harding, Exeter Svend Hansen, Berlin Bernhard Hnsel, Berlin Florin Hu, Suceava 10

George Hnceanu, Roman Ferenc Horvth, Szeged Lszl Horvth, Nagykanizsa Ctlin Hriban, Iai Gheorghe Iacob, Iai Mihaela Iacob, Tulcea Constantin Iconomu, Iai Ion Ignat, Iai Mircea Ignat, Suceava Sorin Igntescu, Suceava Gbor Ilon, Kszeg Ion Ioni, Iai Mihai Irimia, Constana Lcrmioara Istina, Bacu Gheorghe Iuti, Iai Katalin Jankovits, Budapest Erzsbet Jerem, Budapest Albrecht Jockenhvel, Mnster Borislav Jovanovi, Beograd Gabriel Jugnaru, Tulcea Carol Kacso, Baia Mare Elke Kaiser, Berlin Nndor Kalicz, Budapest Maia Kauba, Chiinu Imola Kelemen, Cluj-Napoca Tibor Kemenczei, Budapest Rbert Kertsz, Szolnok Iosip Kobal, Uhorod Judit Kos, Miskolc Giorgios Korres, Athens Viaceslav Kotigorojko, Uhorod Kostas Kotsakis, Thessaloniki Lszl Kovcs, Budapest Tibor Kovcs, Budapest

Tabula Gratulatoria

Larisa Kruelnicka, Lviv Olga Larina, Chiinu Ciprian Lazanu, Vaslui Cornelia-Magda Lazarovici, Iai Gheorghe Lazarovici, Cluj-Napoca Dan Lazr, Iai Gabriel Leanca, Iai Eva Lenneis, Wien Oleg Leviki, Chiinu Andreas Lippert, Wien Sabin Adrian Luca, Sibiu Bogdan-Petru Maleon, Iai Jnos Makkay, Budapest Jurij N. Maleev, Kiev Igor Manzura, Chiinu Ioan Mare, Suceava Tamilia Marin, Iai Gheorghe Marinescu, Bistria-Nsud Sivia Marinescu-Blcu, Bucureti Erzsbet Marton, Budapest Florica Mu, Iai Lrnt Lszl Mder, Sfntu Gheorghe Aurel Melniciuc, Botoani Vicu Merlan, Hui Carola Metzner-Nebelsick, Mnchen Lucreiu Mihailescu-Brliba, Iai Virgil Mihailescu-Brliba, Iai Pietro Militello, Catania Bogdan Minea, Iai Ioan Mitrea, Bacu Iulian Moga, Iai Adriana Moglan, Iai Dan Monah, Iai Felicia Monah, Iai

Lucian Munteanu, Iai Roxana Munteanu, Piatra Neam Marian Neagu, Clrai Louis Nebelsick, Warsaw Gabriella T. Nmeth, Szzhalombatta Rita Nmeth, Trgu Mure Andrei Nicic, Chiinu Bogdan Niculic, Suceava Ion Niculi, Chiinu George Nuu, Tulcea Ivan Ordentlich, Holon Krisztin Oross, Budapest Marcel Otte, Lige Mehmet zdogan, Istanbul Aleksandar Palavestra, Beograd Nona Palinca, Bucureti Dorel Paraschiv, Tulcea Hermann Parzinger, Berlin Mircea Petrescu-Dmbovia, Iai Liviu Pilat, Iai Alexandru-Florin Platon, Iai Cristian Ploscaru, Iai Dan Pop, Baia Mare Anca-Diana Popescu, Bucureti Dragomir Popovici, Bucureti Adrian Poruciuc, Iai Marcin S. Przybyla, Krakow Pl Raczky, Budapest Laureniu Rdvan, Iai Agathe Reingruber, Berlin Petre Roman, Bucureti Peter Romsauer, Nitra Eva Rosenstock, Berlin Mihai Rotea, Cluj-Napoca 11

Tabula Gratulatoria

Alexander Rubel, Iai Elisabeth Ruttkay, Wien Tatjana L. Samojlova, Odessa Silviu Sanie, Iai Eugen Sava, Chiinu Berecki Sndor, Trgu Mure Wolfram Schier, Berlin Gudrun Schneckenburger, Konstanz Gunter Schbel, Uhldingen-Mhlhofen Katalin H. Simon, Budapest Galina I. Smirnova, Sankt Petersburg Loredana Solcan, Iai Ion Solcanu, Iai Tudor Soroceanu, Berlin Victor Spinei, Iai Mark Stefanovich, Blagoevgrad Lcrmioara Stratulat, Iai Elena Studenikova, Bratislava Gza Szab, Szekszrd Mikls Szab, Budapest Ildik Szathmri, Budapest Maria-Magdalena Szkely, Iai Zolt Szkely, Sfntu Gheorghe Alexandru Szentmiklosi, Timioara Sndor Sztncsuj, Sfntu Gheorghe Monica andor Chicideanu, Bucureti Nikola Tasi, Beograd

Felix Adrian Tencariu, Iai Dan Gh. Teodor, Iai Silvia Teodor, Iai Ion Toderacu, Iai Henrieta Todorova, Sofia Claudiu Topor, Iai Katalin Tth, Hdmezvsrhely Gerhard Trnka, Wien Senica urcanu, Iai Corina Ursache, Vaslui Vasile Ursachi, Roman Nicolae Ursulescu, Iai Constantin Emil Ursu, Suceava Lucian U, Piatra Neam Mihail Vasilescu, Iai Valentin Vasiliev, Cluj-Napoca Mdlin-Cornel Vleanu, Iai Magdolna Vicze, Szzhalombatta Adrian Vialaru, Iai Valentina Voinea, Constana Andreea Vornicu, Iai Mriuca Vornicu, Iai Alexandru Vulpe, Bucureti Petronel Zahariuc, Iai Aurel Zanoci, Chiinu Olivier Weller, Besanon Mihai Wittenberger, Cluj-Napoca

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Signa Praehistorica. Studia in honorem magistri Attila Lszl septuagesimo anno Ediderunt Neculai Bolohan, Florica Mu, Felix Adrian Tencariu

THE BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT AT LPUEL MOCIAR, MARAMURE COUNTY


DAN POP (BAIA MARE)

Lpuel (Recea commune, Maramure County) is a village located about 10 km south-west of Baia Mare town, on the lower course of the Lpu river, roughly 7 km south-east of the point where it flows into Some. Some prehistoric artefacts were discovered at the in Mociar point as a result of a field work carried out in the ditch dug by the Romanian National Railway Company in order to upgrade telephone lines1. The place called by the locals Mociar is to be found in the west side of the locality, 2 km south of the Lpu river and roughly 640 m north of Baia Mare Dej road. Mociar is a terrace of the Lpu river, 1250 m long, oriented N-W S-W2, 155 m high, bordered on the north and east sides by Ariel brook. The point which revealed pottery fragments is located in the east side of the terrace, in the proximity of Baia Mare Dej Cluj Napoca railway, facing the 170+8 kilometer, about 850 m south-west of CFR Lpuel halt. Its also important to mention that a field work carried out in the north-west side of the terrace uncovered early mediaeval artefacts (STANCIU 1992, 175 NO.14 B; STANCIU 2003, 280 no.22.) (Fig. 1).

1 Investigations targeted the course of the ditch dug by the C.N.C.F.R. between Satulung and Baia Mare and were carried out by Dan Pop and Dorian Ghiman (restorer at the Baia Mare County Museum) on the 7th of June 2000. 2 We assume the error from CCA 2001 (2000 Campaign) p. 131, which erroneously mentions the house length and orientation.

Dan Pop

* Archaeological rescue excavations3 aimed at achieving data on the nature of the discovery, surface and stratigraphy of the site, cultural affiliation as well as rescuing the vestiges influenced by the upgrading works. In order to achieve these objectives, five sections were marked and submitted to investigation of which three were oriented south-north and had the following dimensions: 10 x 3 m (S1 and S2), 10 X 2.60 m (S3) and two sections were oriented east-west, with the dimensions: 19 x 2 m (S4) and respectively, 19 x 3 m (S5). A surface of 181 square meters that totals 103 cubic meters was submitted to research and uncovered 769 prehistoric pottery fragments, 17 wheel-made pottery fragments, fragments from a clay weigh, a broken miniature of a wheel, two obsidian objects and a stone axe. Also, six archaeological features were identified and investigated, among which were a dwelling and a pit that belong to the Bronze Age (fig. 2)4. Archaeological investigations revealed the following stratigraphy (fig. 3): - coating plant, 5-10 cm thick; - brown soil, 10-35 cm thick which uncovered many artefacts, charcoal pieces and stones; in the eastern confines of the surface, between meter 0 and meter 4, the soil is mixed with a large quantity of pebbles, and lacked archaeological materials; - yellow-reddish clay and ocher, devoid of archaeological material. Some parts of the investigated areas uncovered that the upper part of this layer was cream-yellowish, tamping with many calcareous concretions and a slight presence of ferric oxide. Here and there,
The rescue excavations carried out from 6 August until 11 September was assisted by the author of this article and the students: Antonia Costea (1 Decembrie University of Alba Iulia) and Ovidiu Oanea (Ovidius University of Constana) to whom I kindly thank for the help provided. The funding was supported by the County Museum of Maramure (the County Museum of History and Archaeology of Maramure) and the National Railway Company CFR S.A. Bucharest. 4 The layout was prepared by Dan Pop with help from Ovidiu Oanea and Sergiu Groan.
3

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exclusively in the upper part of this layer, were found several pottery fragments. Also, in S2, from meter 4 northward, the upper part of the sterile soil was grey with a little ocher, with no archaeological materials. ** During researches, many vestiges were discovered, among which pottery fragments took the first place in what concerns quantity. Complete vessels were not found and only one has been restored. The paste was prepared in accordance with the dimensions of the future vessels. Of fine paste (Pl. 2/3, 6-7; 6/4, 8; 7/2, 5-6, 8-12; 8/7, 10) were made most of the small-sized vessels: cups, pots and scarcely tureens. They were tempered with fine sand and well pounded mica schist that conferred a homogeneous look. The paste was fired hard until it turned black-greyish or brick-reddish. It was then covered by a brick-reddish or brown-brick-reddish slip and rarely black-greyish. Intermediary pottery (Pl.1/1-2; 2/8-11; 3/1, 3; 4/2-4, 7, 9; 5/1-5, 7, 9; 6/2-3; 7/1, 3, 7; 8/1-2, 6) is mostly represented by pots and bowls/tureens and scarcely by strainers. They were made of a fabric that contained rough sand and mica besides pounded shards. Good firing, the paste was black-greyish, rather homogeneous, smoothed with brick-red or brown-brick-red slip. Rough paste (Pl.1/3-6; 2/1-2, 4-5; 3/2, 4-5; 4/1, 5-6, 8; 5/6, 8, 10-12; 6/1, 5-7, 9; 7/4; 8/3, 5, 7-8, 11; 9/1-9) was mostly used at making middle-sized and large-sized pots, portable cooking vessels and hardly bowls or tureens. The black-greyish paste contains rough sand, pounded shards and it is covered by brick-red or brown-brickred slip. One must also mention that the fragmentary condition of the pottery made it difficult to assign them to one type of pottery fragment or another, especially as few graphic restorations could be done. The following types emerged from classification:

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Dan Pop

I. Pots and the variants: I.1. pot with slightly internally bevelled rim; short, conical neck fit with two symmetrical, band-handles; possibly bulged body; this fragment is decorated on the upper part of its body with wide fluting (pl. 1/1)5. I.2. pots with slightly flanged rim, slightly conical neck and arched body; the zone between the neck and body is marked; the lower part of the neck is fit with two small handles with semicircular section. The preserved pieces lack decoration, they were made of intermediary fabric; they have 10,3 cm in diameter (pl. 1/2)6. I.3. pots with slightly everted and internally bevelled rim, tapered or arched neck, bulged or tapered body; the fragments that were preserved lacked decoration and were made of fine and intermediary fabric with the diameter between 16-19 cm (pl. 2/3, 6; 5/1)7. I.4. pot with thickened rim, wide at the outside and round inside, roughly arched body. It was made of intermediary fabric, and has a diameter of 17-24 cm. One of the fragments was decorated by grooves (plates 5/2, 3; 8/3, 12)8. I.5. pots with extremely wide rim at the outside, cylindrical or roughly tapered neck and probably bulged body. They were made of intermediary fabric, decorated by incised-excised motifs and narrow fluting (plates 4/2-3; 8/1)9.
5 KACS 1980, fig.1/6 (Sncraiu Silvaniei), 2/7 (Oara de Sus); KACS 1987, 21/12 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului); POP 2003, fig.4/1 (Some Uileac); KACS 2003a, pl.23/22 (Oara de Sus Dealul Stremului). 6 KACS 2006, fig.12/3 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan). 7 POP 2003, fig.3/7 (Some Uileac); KACS 2003a, pl.29/1 (Ora Pe Lab); KACS 2004b, fig. 5/2 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului; KACS 2005b, pl.10/8 (Bicaz Igoaie); KACS 2006, fig.11/5 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan) 8 KACS 1993, pl.1/13 (Suciu de Sus Pe es); POP 2003, fig.3/2, 4, 5; 4/6, 12 (Some Uileac); KACS 2006, fig.3/1 (Vlenii omcutei Peteara Valea Rea); fig.10/ 19 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan). 9 POP 2003, fig.3/1 (Some Uileac); KACS 2004a, fig. 4/1-2 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului); MARTA, TTH 2005, fig.4; MARTA, TTH 2006, fig.1; KACS 2006, fig.12/7 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan).

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I.6. pot with evenly thickened rim and extremely everted; tapered neck. The fragments that were preserved from these vessels are corroded; the vessel is made of intermediary fabric (plate 5/5)10. I.7. pot with thickened rim, rounded and bevelled rim, extremely bulged body. The preserved fragment was made of coarse fabric and was grooved (plate 2/2). Similarities: I.8. pots with thickened rim at the outside and internally bevelled, the inside of the rim is round or prominent; the body is slightly arched. Most of the pots were made of coarse fabric (1.8.1) and are grooved. Those made of intermediary fabric (1.8.2) either lack decoration or are decorated by small conical knobs (pl. 2/4; 4/1, 5-6; 5/4, 6, 8-12; 6/2, 8; 8/5)11. I.9. pots with slightly thickened rim at the outside, upraised or internally bevelled; with roughly arched body. They were made of coarse fabric and were decorated by grooves (pl.2/5; 4/4, 8; 6/3, 6, 9). The way these rims were made is similar with the one tureens were made, only that the rim diameter is obviously shorter than the latter12. I.10. pot with round, evenly thickened rim; with the walls slightly arched towards the inside, no decoration (plate 4/9; 7/3)13. Similarities: I.11. pot with S-shaped profile and evenly thickened rim; bulged or tapered body made of coarse fabric, decorated by grooves (plate 6/1)14.
KACS 1987, fig.9/51 (Mesteacn); KACS 1993, pl.3/7; 9/13 (Suciu de Sus Pe es). 11 KACS 1987, fig.4/11 (Cuceu Cuceul Sec); KACS 1993, pl.5/1, 4, 5, 7-15, 17 (Suciu de Sus Pe es); GOGLTAN, ISAC 1995, pl.4/2; 5/5 (Ceiu); Gogltan 2001, pl4/1-3 (Ceiu); KACS 2004a, fig.6/4 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului). 12 KACS 1993, pl.1/13; 5/1; 7/8; 8/4; 11/10 (Suciu de Sus Pe es); GOGLTAN 2001, pl.1/4; 2/4 (Ceiu); KACS 2004a, fig.5/4 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului); KACS 2006, fig.10/ 7; 11/4 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan). 13 KACS 1993, pl.1/26 (Suciu de Sus Pe es). 14 KACS 2006, fig.10/20 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan).
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I.12. pot with inside faceted rim and slightly thickened at the outside; made of intermediary fabric; the preserved fragment lacks decoration (pl. 8/2)15. Similarities: It is most likely that some vessels of this type own the lower part shards (pl. 2/1; 3/1-2, 5; 8/10), the rim (plate 6/7) or the body of other pots (pl. 4/7; 7/7; 8/7). The latter were made either of intermediary or fine fabric, with the maximum diameter fit with either a fake handle or a small ring-handle with circular profile. One of them might have something to do with the lower side fragment from plate 8/10 which was also made of fine quality fabric. The strap handle and the knob-handle were both made of coarse fabric and can be assigned to some pots (pl. 8/4, 8). Also, the fragment decorated by oblique fluting on the body might belong to a pot of fine work on intermediary fabric (pl. 7/7). II. Bowls / tureens (plates 2/8-11; 7/1-4) II.1. tureens with everted rim, thickened and internally bevelled; semi-spherical body (pl. 2/9-10; 7/1); they are made of intermediary fabric, either lack decoration or have grooved decoration16. II.2. similar bowls in shape with the previous variant only that these have tapered body and are also made of intermediary paste; some are grooved (pl. 2/8, 11; 7/4)17. II.3. tureens with everted rim, short and arched neck, tapered body. They were made of fine fabric, decorated below the
GOGLTAN, ISAC 1995, pl.5/8 (Ceiu). BADER 1976, pl. 3/2 (Suciu de Sus ?); BADER 1978, pl. 47/16 (Boineti); KACS 1980, 2/4 (Oara de Sus); 2/25-27 (Arini); KACS 1987, fig. 1/3 (Baia Mare); 2/8 (Copalnic Mntur); 21/5 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului); KACS 1990, fig. 9/7 (Libotin); KACS 1993, pl.7/2; 9/2-3 (Suciu de Sus Pe es); GOGLTAN, ISAC 1995, pl.6/2; 7/1 (Ceiu); KOBAL 1997, pl. 4/3-4 (Solotvino); KACS 1999, fig. 7/7 (Clineti); KACS 2006, fig..13/12-15 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan); fig.6/10 (Vlenii omcutei Petera Valea Rea). 17 KACS 1993, pl.1/8, 12 (Suciu de Sus Pe es); KOBAL 1997, pl. 4/34 (Solotvino); KACS 1999, fig. 7/7 (Clineti); KACS 2004a, fig.3/2 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului); KACS 2006, fig.10/10-11 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan).
15 16

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rim by small incisions or notches and by incised-excised decoration over the body (pl. 7/2, 9)18. III. Cups (plates 2/7; 7/5, 6, 8) III.1. cups with evenly thickened rim, rounded in the upper part and bulged body. The upraised handle lowers down to the upper body part. They were made of fine fabric; they usually lack decoration, except one fragment with impressed decoration (pl. 2/7; 6/8; 7/5, 6). It is most likely that the strap handle comes from this type of cup (plate 7/8)19. ?III.2. the fragments with easily everted rim and internally bevelled probably belong to some cups with bulged or tapered body. They were made of fine quality fabric, decorated by grooves or incised-excised decoration (pl. 6/4; 7/10-11)20. III. shard from the lower part of a tapered cup, decorated by oblique fluting, made of fine fabric. IV. Strainers (pl. 8/6) There is only one body shard of this kind of vessel made of intermediary fabric21. V. Portable cooking vessels/pyraunoi (plates 1/3-6; 3/4; 9/1-9) The settlement at Lpuel Mociar revealed some shards of this kind of vessel, either from the upper part, or from the legs. With no exception, they were made of coarse fabric, sometimes covered by a
BADER, DUMITRACU 1970, fig. 1/1 (Valea lui Mihai); BADER 1976, pl. 2/2 (Suciu de Sus ?); idem1978, pl. 51/5, 7 (Culciu Mare); NMETI 1978, pl. 7/3 (Picolt); Kacs 1980, fig. 1/9 (Bulgari); idem 1987, fig. 8/9 (Mesteacn); KOBAL 1997, fig. 9/2 (Solotvino); POP 2003, fig.5/1, 5, 7 (Somue Uileac); KACS 2004a, fig.3/1 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului); 2006, fig.6/8 (Vlenii omcutei Petera Valea Rea). 19 KACS 1993, pl.1/16 (Suciu de Sus Pe es); 2006, fig. 13/18 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan); fig.7/3 (Vlenii omcutei Petera Valea Rea). 20 KACS 2006, fig.12/8 (Vlenii omcutei Valea lui tefan). 21 DEMETEROV 1984, 18, pl.30/13 (Skrabsk); BADER 1978, 72, pl.46/4 (Culciu Mic); pl. 53/5,7 (Culciu Mare); KACS 2006, fig.7/6 (Vlenii omcutei Petera Valea Rea).
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brick-red slip; they often had grooved decoration on both feet sides. This type of vessels is often met in almost all Late Bronze Age sites from N-W Romania22 and neighbouring regions23. Pottery decoration The pottery made of coarse fabric is often decorated by grooves; the vessels made of intermediary fabric most often lack decoration, but when it appears, it is incised-excised. The fine fabric pottery either lacks decoration, or it is decorated by incised-excised decoration. Only one fragment was discovered and it was small, black on the exterior and red inside.

In the Suciu area they were to be found in settlements only, while in the Lpu group, in settlements and necropolises: BADER 1976, pl. 7/1-5 (Suciu de Sus ?); pl. 10/18 (Lpu ?); BADER 1978, pl. 53/1-2 (Culciu Mare); pl. 53/3 (Medieu-Aurit uculeu); KACS 1975, 53 n. 37 (Kenzl, Hajdsmson, Culciu Mic); fig. 9/1-3 (Lpu); LAZAROVICI 1977, 37, fig.1/19 (Cprioara); KACS 1980, fig. 2/30 (Arini); KACS 1981, pl. 38/1-8 (Lpu); KACS 1987, 51, 59 (Oara de Jos, unpublished); fig. 2/43-44,46 (Copalnic Mntur Poiana); fig. 1/7-8 (BaiaMare); fig. 7/9-11 (Giuleti); 9/7 (Mesteacn); 15/1-3 (Vad); KACS 1990, fig. 10/5-7 (Libotin); KACS 1993, pl. 6/7-8 (Suciu de Sus Pe es); KACS 1995, pl. 5 (Lpuel); KACS 1999, fig. 7/12, 16. (Clineti); fig. 7/13-15 (Clineti Rogoaze); NMETI 1997, 79 (Lazuri, unpublished); KOBA 1997, pl. 8/4 (Solotvino); FISCHL, KISS, KULCSR 2001, fig. 5/3 (Debrecen Fancsika); 5/4 (Hajdsmson Majorosgi fld); 5/5 (Kenzl); ROMSAUER 2003, 133 for the discoveries made in the Transcarpathian Ukraine we were provided with information from J. KOBA (unpublished portable cooking vessels from Suciu de Sus settlements: Beregovo: Mala gora, Tehela and Buga; DEDOVO Tovvar; Diakovo; Kvasovo: Velikij Jarok and Podlopoge; POP 2003, 87-88, fig.8 (Some Uileac); KACS 2003a, pl.1/18 (Arini); 2/14 (Boznta Mic Grind); 8/4-9 (Cioltior); 9/7-10 (Corni Sectura); 13/8-10 (Lpu Cionca / Sub Cionca); 18/12 (Lpu Tinoasa); 21/20-21 (Lpuel Tede); 25/9-11 (Oara de Sus Dealul Stremului); maybe 30/13 (Prislop); 33/9-12 (Ssar Dmbu Morii); 35/11-12; 36/1-4 (Seini Dagas); KACS 2004a, fig.6/6-11 (Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului); KACS 2005a, fig.5/7-10; 6/1-4 (Baia Mare. We cant discern whether the two fragments published in 1987 were re-edited here, or not); Kacs 2005b, 52, pl.4/4; 13/5; 14/1-7 (Bicaz Igoaie). 23 Especially for this research field: FISCHL, KISS, KULCSR 2001 and ROMSAUER 2003.
22

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

The decorations in relief are extremely rare, the prominent cordons lack and we have only one knob-handle and one conical knob. The fragmentary condition of the material in most cases does not allow the restoration of the vessels decoration; it is most likely that the neck of the pot from plate 4/3 has a zig-zag motif resembling the one on the vessels from Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului (KACS 2004a, fig.4/1) and Buag Pe Tog (KACS 2003a, pl. 3/1). Clay objects (pl. 8/9; 9/10) The cultural layer uncovered a fragmentary, tapered, clay weigh perforated in the upper part (plate 9/10). Such pieces have history in the discoveries from Baia Mare (one) (KACS 2005a, 155, fig.6/12), Boineti (several pieces, only one is published) (BADER 1972, 512, 528, pl. 11/7-9; 1978, 73, pl. 49/25; 1979, 20, pl.6/25), opivcy Krasna girka (nine are unpublished) ( 1958, 69), Culciu Mare Sub grdini (three) (BADER 1972, 528, pl. 11/7-9), Diakovo (ten) ( 1969a, 154, fig. 1/31; 1974, 32-33, 43, fig. 6/17-18, 8/three pieces; 1958, 18, pl. 1), Lpu Podanc (several, unpublished) (KACS 1981, 9), Letca (one fragmentary piece) (BAJUSZ, TAMBA 1988, 94, pl. 21/ no number), Libotin (23 pieces, some are published) (KACS 1990, 81, fig.10/9-11, 11/1-4), Orihovy (21 pieces) ( 1958, pl 53/1-21), Romoevica (five pieces with cut tops, unpublished) ( 1958, 49-52), Seini Dagas (one) (KACS 2003a, 117/118 no. 28, pl. 36/6) Tui-Mgheru (several unpublished) (KACS 1987, 66), Vad Poduri (one) (Kacs 1987, 66, pl. 14/16), Vad tiurdina (two, unpublished) (KACS 1987, 66), Zemplinske Kopany (three pieces were found in the sondages from C II/5 and C III/1) (DEMETEROV 1984, 35, pl.4/6, 9, 13), opivci Krasna girka( 1958, 69-70). The afore mentioned weighs are either pyramid-like shaped or tapered with a perforated hole in the upper body part. The literature advanced several hypotheses on their functionality. Therefore, they are classified as fast wheel weighs, weighs for fishing rods or weighs used at fixing the organic material of the roof. As the pieces from Romovica and Diakovo have the tops cut off, one thought they might have been used as table support. 291

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The cultural layer also uncovered a miniature of a clay wheel, also fragmentary, one of its sides is still preserving the axe hub. (plate 8/9). Similar pieces are known from the Suciu de Sus sites at: Ardusat (one, unpublished) (KACS 1987, 51 no.1), Boineti (two)(BADER 1978, 73, pl.49/28, 29), Brakovce (one) (DEMETEROV 1984, 35 (here, spindle whorl), pl. 32/7), Culciu Mare Sub grdini (three) (BADER 1978, pl.52/10), Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului (three) (KACS 2004a, fig.7/1-4), Ora empe (one) (KACS 2003a, pl. 28/11), Tiream (one, decorated) (BADER 1972, 512, 528, pl.11/3, 6; 1978, 73, pl.50/8), Zemplinske Kopany (several, unpublished) (DEMETEROV 1984, 34-35). The cultural layer revealed two obsidian artefacts: plain, straight scrapers with thick, regular retouching on chips with fine, grey-brown structure (pl. 9/12) and a quasi-prism shaped-like core fragment of grey obsidian which shows traces of negatives (pl. 9/13)24 and a fragment of a stone axe with pointed butt, perforated, made from andesite and broken by the half sleeve (pl. 9/11). Perforated or flat axes, with no sleeve were also found at: Boineti (several, one, published) (BADER 1979, 20, pl. 6/19), Diakovo (several flat, perforated and not perforated, unpublished) (I 1969a, 149, 153-154; 1969b 64, 68; 11974, 43.), Seini Dagas (two flat axes) (KACS 2003a, 118, pl.36/7-8), Sighetu Marmaiei (one, unpublished) (IVANCIUC 1990, 116-117), Vel'ke Raskovce (one, bipennis, perforated) (DEMETEROV 1984, 41-42, pl. 26/4). *** The dwelling was found in the south of surface S1 and continued between surfaces S1 and S3 and also in western S1. We were not able to interfere in the latter of the extensions with a cassette which would have opened the entire dwelling because the ditch dug by the CFR was located only 0.20 m west of S1 and was already fit with the technical pipe with optical fibre. The nuanced grey fill of the dwelling appeared at the level of the cream-yellowish
Classifications made by the late professor dr. Alexandru Punescu Similar pieces originate from Prislop (KACS 2003a, 116 no. 21, pl. 30/16-18).
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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

clay in which deepened 0.10 m. The dwelling was rectangle-shaped with the dimensions: 1.80 X 2.40 m. Especially in the south-western side, surrounding a partially disturbed hearth, the grey fill uncovered many pottery shards, several river stones and flint, small pieces of charcoal and several daub pieces. According to the remains of the preserved hearth in situ, one could observe that it was circular in shape with a rough diameter of 0.70 m. No other improvements were revealed (fig. 4). We acknowledge several different types of the Suciu de Sus dwellings. Unfortunately, they are often passing mentions, sometimes described and in several cases illustrated25. Surface dwellings are mentioned at Clineti Rogoaze a rectangular, surface dwelling of 3.5 X 4 m in dimensions, with a hearth situated in its N-W side (NEMOIANU, TODINC 1981, 66-67); at Culciu Mare Sub grdini are mentioned 34 surface dwellings of which two (L2 and L4) are rectangular in shape, with 5 x 4 m in dimensions (L2) and, respectively 3 x 2 m (L4) (BADER 1972, 512, 522; 1978, 66-67; IERCOAN 1993, 83 no.14); Homorodu de Jos Togul popii (BADER 1978, 68), Lazuri Lubi Tag- two (KACS 1995, 50; STANCIU, MARTA 2003, 177-182 no. 110) Lpuel Ciurgu - several (KACS 1995, 84; 2004b, 72); Medieu Aurit uculeu - three or four surface dwellings of which only one (L4) is known to have rectangular shape with 1.50 X 0.90 m in dimensions (BADER 1978, 66; IERCOAN 1993, 86 no. 24.); Oara de Jos Vlceaua Rusului - several surface dwellings with interior hearths (BADER 1978, 66; IERCOAN 1993, 86 no. 24); Petea Vama - several (NMETI, LAZIN, GHINDELE, MARTA 2000, 74 no. 104); Vad Poduri - several dwellings with the foundation made of large river stones (KACS 1987, 66). In the Transcarpathian Ukraine, at Diakovo Kierda four surface dwellings were discovered with interior stoves. One of them had a surface of 28 m2, rectangular shape, with a stove in the centre. The second one was destroyed, but it had covered a surface of roughly 30-32 m2. Still at Diakovo, in the Modicitag point, were found three dwellings of this type. The first had rectangular shape, 5,8 x 5 m in dimensions, and had
25 See

to this POP 2008.

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a stove in the south-eastern corner and a hearth in the opposite corner ( 1974, 28-32, fig. 2-4); the second one had the same dimensions, 7.40 x 5-3.60 m, and a surface of 29-30 m2, with a stove and a pit inside ( 1974, 32-34, fig. 2). The third dwelling had a 24 m2 surface, a stove in the centre and a pit in its eastern side. The settlement from Medvedivce uncovered a 36 m2 surface dwelling with two interior hearths, one in the southern side and another in the north (BALAHURI 1967, 79). Also, seven such dwellings of various dimensions, with quasi-rectangular shape were submitted to investigations at Solotvino (KOBA 1997, 120, fig.8; VASILIEV, RUSTOIU, BALAGURI, COSMA 2002, 30-32, pl. 8-9). Pithouses are mentioned at Culciu Mic La gropi de siloz, one of them was oval-shaped, it was 7-8 m long and 3,50 m wide (BADER 1978, 67). One was noted at Giuleti Valea Mestecni (KACS 2003b, 33, fig. 1b) and at Oara de Sus Dealul Stremului (KACS, POP 2004, 219-220, nr. 132). In the Transcarpathian Ukraine are known the settlements from opivcy Kaminne ( 1958, 58, pl. 35/4) (one) and two from Medvedivce (BALAHURI 1967, 79), each fit inside with a hearth. One of them had a surface of 14 m2, square-shaped with rounded corners. At Solotvino three such pithouses, oval-shaped dwellings were investigated. The author (Valentin Vasiliev) explained that because of the small depth, they cant be assigned to the category of pithouses (VASILIEV, RUSTOIU, BALAGURI, COSMA 2002, 30-31). There are several dwellings lacking details, which were found in the Suciu de Sus settlements: two at Bicaz Igoaie (KACS 2005b, 52, fig. 1); Cepa and Dedovo ( 1969a, 149), one at Medieu Aurit Cionca26; dwellings at Oara de Sus Oul Fgetului (KACS 2003a, 121-122), and several dwellings with fire hearths at Sncraiu Silvaniei (LAK 1983, 87, no. 72). F. M. Potuchniak mentioned and illustrated for the Transcarpathian Ukraine, unfortunately in unspecific writing, the dwellings from opivcy Salai ( 1958, 65), Romoevica
BADER, DUMITRACU 1970, 128; note: it might belong to the Ottomany culture.
26

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

( 1958, 49-52, pl. 35/6) and Silce ( 1958, 39-40, pl. 35/3, 5). We only acknowledge one rectangular dwelling in Eastern Slovakia, from the settlement at Skrabsk (DEMETEROV 1984, 18). Surface S5 uncovered two pits: one contemporary and another prehistoric. Besides these was probably another one dating from the Roman Age. The first occurred immediately after the coating plant had been removed and was assigned to the contemporary age according to its content. The black-grey fill revealed several river stones and prehistoric, pottery fragments which certainly fell into the prehistoric layer when the pit was excavated27. The second pit was detected at 0.35 m in dept, in the southern profile of the surface, and its fill delimited itself from the sterile soil through its colour, and it went maximum 0.60 m in depth. The pit was likely to be circular in ground-plan, had a diameter of 0.95 m and uncovered prehistoric artefacts only. Its profile has a knob-shaped profile of 0.30 m thick, with a threshold in the western side. Because we ran out of financial resources, opening a new cassette was an impossible action for us to do in order to complete the list of observations that have been made so far (fig. 5). It seems that another connection should be drawn out between a mis-noticed pit and several pottery shards of the same vessel that were made with the fast wheel from grey, fine fabric with black-grey slip on the outside. The shards, all belonging to the vessel body, were revealed in groups, in check 7, at 0. 22 cm in depth. It is likely that they belonged to the Roman Age. Pits of different shapes and dimensions, most of them unpublished, that belong to the Suciu de Sus culture were revealed at: Bicaz Igoaie (KACS 2005b, 52), Clineti Rogoaze -three pits of which one was circular and had the rim diameter of 1.50 m (NEMOIANU, TODINC 1981, 67); Culciu Mare Sub grdini The investigated site is located in the proximity of a resort provided with a fishing pond, etc. It is most likely that the pit was dug either by the owner or by tourists in order to clean the litter.
27

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several (BADER 1978, 67); Halmeu Vam - one pit (MARTA 2004, 39-46); Lazuri Drumul Dorol - two pits (MARTA 2001, 126 no. 102); Lpuel Ciurgu - several pits of small size (KACS 1995, 84); Medieu Aurit Cionca - pits (BADER, DUMITRACU 1970, 128); Moftinu Mic - one partially investigated (NMETI 1987, 109, fig. 16/1); Oara de Sus Oul Fgetului - one narrow pit (KACS 2003a, 122); Petea Vam - pit (NMETI, LAZIN, GHINDELE, MARTA 2000, 74 no. 104; MARTA 2005, 78); Romnai one tapered shaped pit (BEJINARIU 2003, 68-69, no. 10) and maybe at Vad Poduri - several pits (KACS 1987, 66). In the Transcarpathian Ukraine, pits were mentioned at Diakovo in the points Kierda (26 pits) and Mondicitag ( 1974, 29, 32, 34, 36), and in the settlement from Solotvino where three circular pits in ground-plan were submitted to research (VASILIEV, RUSTOIU, BALAGURI, COSMA 2002, 32, pl. 8-9). In Hungary, in the resort from Nyrmada were discovered and submitted to investigation 47 pits that belonged to the Late Bronze Age. The investigations in this area were determined by the accidental discovery in 1993 of a vessel deposit that belonged to the Suciu de Sus culture, which most likely was also laid in a pit (MARTA, TTH 2005; MARTA, TTH 2006). There arent many opinions we can express about this type of construction, on the one hand because we are devoid of descriptions and technical data, and on the other hand because most of the times we lack information and report on their inventory. In these conditions, we can hardly ascertain conclusions and infer potential functionalities or different usage over a short period of time for the same objective. A special character is undoubtedly the small-sized pit where the needle deposit was laid at Petea (MARTA 2005) and probably the small pit from Culciu Mare. **** Cultural ascription The extremely small number of pottery shards decorated by incision-excision confirmed by the small number of bichrome (redblack) pottery with fluting as well as by the absence of prominent belts from the coarse pottery makes us see a difference, not necessarily in chronology, but between the site of Lpuel Mociar on the one hand, 296

The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

and Suciu II or Lpu I sites as they are currently defined, on the other hand. Based on the pottery inventory, we can notice a certain resemblance with the site at Ceiu28. Because the two settlements mentioned above were not submitted to a complex systematic research, I think it is rather early to assume other opinions. The Bronze Age site from Ceiu is thought to be either a stage in the Suciu de Sus cultural development to what we call Lpu group (GOGLTAN 2001, 195), or a new cultural trend (KACS 2007, 94). Taking into consideration what we already know about the ascription of the Lpuel Mociar settlement to the second phase of the Suciu de Sus culture, this seems a more proper assignment than to include it in the series of Lpu sites. Resuming the archaeological investigations would bring light to the cultural belonging of the Bronze Age material on the one hand, and on the other hand we could provide important data in what concerns the Roman Age habitation on the upper Lpu river course.

The site from Ceiu reveals the same situation: there were few bichrome (black-red) shards decorated by fluting or incised-excised motifs besides several pottery fragments decorated by belts in relief.
28

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BIBLIOGRAPHY BADER T. 1976

O veche colecie de ceramic aparinnd culturii Suciu de Sus n Muzeul judeean Mure Eine alte Keramiksammlung aus der Suciu de Sus Kultur im Kreismuseum Mure, Marisia, 6, 37-47. 1978 Epoca bronzului n nord-vestul Transilvaniei. Cultura pretracic i tracic, Bucureti. 1979 Die Suciu de Sus-Kultur in Nordwestrumnien, PZ, 54, 331. BADER T., DUMITRACU S. 1970 Spturile arheologice la aezarea de tip Otomani de la Medieul Aurit Les fouilles archologiques dans ltabilissement de type Otomani de Medieul Aurit, MCA, 9, 127-136. BAJUSZ I., TAMBA D. 1988 Contribuii la topografia arheologic a vii Someului (sectorul Cplna-Jibou) Beitrge zur archologischen Topographie des Sometals, AMP, 12, 91-120. BALAHURI E. 1966-1967 A Medvegyivcei (Medvegyfalvai) bronlelet, MFMvk, 2, 79-83. BALAGURI E. A. 1976 Novje dannye k istorii pozdnej bronzy Zakarpatja, Eneolit i bronzovyj vek Ukrainy, Kiev, 240-256. BEJINARIU I. 2003 Noi descoperiri ale culturii Suciu de Sus din judeul Slaj New discoveries belonging to the Suciu de Sus culture from Slaj county, Marmatia, 7/1, 65-81. CHIDIOAN N. 1970 Contribuii la cunoaterea grupei Suciu de Sus n contextul epocii bronzului din Criana, SCIV, 21, 2, 287-293. DEMETEROVA S. 1984 Influence de la culture de Suciu de Sus dans la plain de la Slovaquie Orientele, SlovArch, 32, 1, 11-70. 298

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FISCHL K. P., KISS V., KULCSR G. 2001 Beitrge zum Gebrauch der tragbare Feuerherden (Pyraunoi) im Karpatenbecken II. (Sptbronzezeit-Frheisenzeit), in: Der nordkarpatische Raum in der Bronzezeit, C. Kacs (Hrsg.), Symposium Baia Mare, 7.-10. Oktober 1998, Baia Mare, 125-156. GOGLTAN Fl. 2001 The settlement of Ceiu and some problems concerning the Late Bronze Age in the center and northern Transylvania, in: Der nordkarpatische Raum in der Bronzezeit, C. Kacs (Hrsg.), Symposium Baia Mare 7.-10. Oktober 1998, BiblMarmatia 1, Baia Mare, 191-214. GOGLTAN Fl., ISAC A. 1995 Die sptbronzezeitliche Siedlung von Ceiu, EphemNap, 5, 5-26. IERCOSAN N. 1992-1993 Spturile arheologice din judeul Satu Mare (19711990) Les fouilles archologiques du dpartement de Satu Mare (1971-1990), StComSatu Mare, 9-10, 77-90. IVANCIUC C. 1990 Date privind cultura Suciu de Sus n N-V dep. Maramure, SympThrac, 8, Satu Mare, Carei, 116-117. KACSO C. 1975 Contributions la connaissance de la culture de Suciu de Sus la lumire des recherches faites Lpu, Dacia N.S., XIX, 4568. 1980 Descoperiri din epoca bronzului n Depresiunea Slajului Entdeckungen der Bronzezeit in der Slaj-Niederung, AMP, 4, 38-46. 1981 Necropola tumular de la Lpu, Teza de doctorat, ClujNapoca. 1987 Beitrge zur Kenntnis des Verbreitungsgebietes und der Chronologie der Suciu de Sus-Kultur, Dacia N.S., XXXI, 51-75. 1990 Contribuii la cunoaterea Bronzului trziu din nordul Transilvaniei. Cercetrile de la Libotin Beitrge zur 299

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Kenntnis der Sptbronzezeit im Norden Transsilvaniens. Die Ausgrabungen in Libotin, Thraco-Dacica, 11, 79-98. 1993 Contribuii la cunoaterea Bronzului trziu din nordul Transilvaniei. Cercetrile de la Suciu de Sus i Groii ibleului Beitrge zur Kenntnis der Sptbronzezeit im Norden Transsilvaniens. Die Ausgrabungen in Suciu de Sus und Groii ibleului, RevBistriei, 7, 29-48. 1995 Noi date cu privire la prima faz a culturii Suciu de Sus Neue Angaben zum Anfang der Suciu de Sus Kultur, Apulum, 32, 83-99. 1999 Date noi cu privire la preistoria Maramureului Neue Daten zur Vorgeschichte in der Maramure, Angustia 4, 5570. 2003a Noi descoperiri Suciu de Sus i Lpu n nordul Transilvaniei Neue Suciu de Sus und Lpu Funde im norden Siebenbrgens, Marmatia, 7/1, 105-181. 2003b Radu Popa i cercetarea arheologic din Maramure Radu Popa und die archologischen Forschungen in der Maramure, in: In memoriam Radu Popa. Temeiuri ale civilizaiei romneti n context european, D. Marcu Istrate, A. Istrate, C. Gaiu (coord.), Cluj-Napoca, 25-40. 2004a Zu den Problemen der Suciu de Sus-Kultur in Siebenbrgen, in: Einflsse und Kontakte alteuropischer Kulturen. Festschrift fr Joszef Vladr zum 70. Geburtstag, J. Btora, V. Furmnek, L. Veliaik (Hrsg.), Nitra, 327-340. 2004b Mrturii arheologice, Baia Mare. 2005a Descoperiri pre - i proto istorice la Baia Mare Vor und frhgeschichtliche funde in Baia Mare, Marmatia, 8/1, 153181. 2005b Contribuii la cunoaterea bronzului trziu din nordul Transilvaniei. Cercetrile de la Bicaz Igoaie, RevBistriei, 19, 51-70. 2006 Noi date cu privire la descoperirile din epoca bronzului de la Vlenii omcutei Neue Daten bezglich der bronzezeitlichen Funde von Vlenii omcutei, RevBistriei, 20, 79-102 300

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Descoperiri de bronzuri din nordul Transilvaniei (I). Colecia Ferenc Floth, Baia Mare. KACS C., POP D. 2004 Oara de Sus Dealul Stremului, jud. Maramure, CCA, 2003, 219-220, nr.132. KOBA J. 1997 Preliminary report on the results of archaeological research on the multi-level fortified settlement of Chitattia (near Solotvino / Akanaszlatina, Transcarpathian region, Ukraine) by the Expedition of the Transcarpathian Museum of Local History Elzetes jelents a Szolotvin / Akanszlatina (Ukrajna. Krptalja) krnyki Csitattja tbbrteg erdtett telepen a Krptalja Honismereti Mzeum ltal szervezett rgszeti feltrs eredmnyeirl, JAMvk, 37-38, (1995-1996), 115-151. LAK E. 1983 Repertoriul topografic al epocii bronzului i al Hallstattului n judeul Slaj The topographical catalogue of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in Slaj district, AMP, 7, 69-100. LAZAROVICI Gh. 1977 Cercetri arheologice de suprafa la hotarele judeelor ClujSlaj Archologische Oberflcheforschungen in der Kontakt-Zone der Bezirke Cluj und Slaj, AMP, 1, 35-39. MARTA L. 2001 Lazuri, com. Lazuri, jud. Satu Mare. Punctul: Drumul Dorol, CCA, 2000, 126, nr. 102. 2004a Un complex arheologic din epoca mijlocie a bronzului descoperit la Halmeu A Middle Bronze Age Dwelling Discovered at Halmeu, StCom Satu Mare, (2000-2004), 1721/1, 39-46. 2004b Halmeu, com. Halmeu, jud. Satu Mare. Punctul: Vam, CCA, 2003, 133-134, nr. 83. 2005 Der bronzene Nadeldepotfund von Petea, Kr. Satu Mare Depozitul de ace din bronz descoperit la Petea, jud. Satu Mare, in: Bronzefunde aus Rumnien II. / Depuneri de 301

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bronzuri din Romnia II, T. Soroceanu (Hrsg.), Bistria / Cluj Napoca, 75-94. MARTA L., TTH K. 2005 Gefdepotfund der Felsszcs - Kultur in Nyrmada Vlyogvet, JAMvk, 47, 107-143. 2006 Gefdepotfund der Felsszcs - Kultur in Nyrmada Vlyogvet, in: Bronzezeitliche Depotfunde Problem des Interpretation. Materialien der Festkonferenz fr Tivodor Lehoczky zum 175 Geburstag, Ushhorod, 5-6. Oktober 2005, Ujgorod, 302-317. NEMETI I. 1978 Descoperiri de la sfritul epocii bronzului din jurul Careiului Dcouvertes de la fin de lpoque de bronze aux environs de Carei, SCIVA, 29, 99-122. 1987 Descoperiri arheologice din teritoriul localitii Moftinu Mic (jud. Satu Mare) Archologische Entdeckungen auf dem Gebiet des Dorfes Moftinu Mic (Kreis Satu Mare), StComSatu Mare 7-8, (1986-1987), 101-137. 1997 Descoperirile arheologice de la Lazuri Lubi-tag (jud. Satu Mare) din anii 1995-1996 Archaeological discoveries from Lazuri-Lubi-tag (Satu Mare county) in 1995-1996, CAANT, II, Bucureti, 78-86. NMETI J., LAZIN GH., GHINDELE R., MARTA L. 2000 Petea, com. Dorol, jud. Satu Mare. Punct: Vam, CCA, 1999, 74, nr. 104. NEMOIANU L., TODINC GH. 1981 antierul arheologic Clineti, jud. Maramure Le site archologique de Clineti, dp. de Maramure, CA, 4, 66-69. POP D. 2003 Aezarea din epoca bronzului de la Some-Uileac The Bronze Age settlement from Some Uileac, Maramure county, Marmatia, 7/1, 83-104. 2008 Cteva consideraii privind stadiul cercetrii culturii Suciu de Sus i a grupului Lpu Some considerations about the research stage of the Suciu de Sus culture and the Lpu group, StCom SatuMare, 22/1, (2005), 61-92. 302

The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

ROMSAUER P. 2003 (Pyraunoi). Prenosn piecky a podstavce z doby bronzovej a doby eleznej, Nitra. STANCIU I. 1992 Descoperiri din a doua jumtate a mileniului I .Chr. i mileniul I d.Chr. n judeul Maramure Les dcouverts provenand de la seconde moiti de 1-er millnaire av.JC et du 1 er millnaire av. JC dans le dp. de Maramure, EphemNap, 2, 169-191. 2003 Descoperiri medievale timpurii din judeele Satu Mare i Maramure. Date noi, observaii i opinii referitoare la ceramica medieval timpurie din nord-vestul Romniei Frhmittelalterliche Funde und Befunde aus den Kreisen Satu Mare und Maramure. Neue Angaben, Bemerkungen und Ansichten zur frhmittelalterlichen Keramik im Nordwesten Rumniens, Marmatia, 7/1, 249-316. STANCIU I., L. MARTA 2003 Lazuri, com. Lazuri, jud. Satu Mare. Punctul: Lubi Tag, CCA, 2002, 177-182, nr. 110. VASILIEV V., RUSTOIU A., BALAGURI E., COSMA C. 2002 Solotvino Cetate (Ucraina Transcarpatic). Aezrile din epoca bronzului, a doua vrst a fierului i din evul mediu timpuriu, Cluj-Napoca. . . 1969a Les monuments de la civilisation le Felchchevth-Stanovo de lLage du Bronze tardif en Tiss superieur, SovArh, 2, 147-159. 1969b , MFMvk 2, 61-68. 1974 , , , 25-47. 303

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M. . 1958 , .

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Lpuel village and Mociar site; the place where was made excavations is marked with black rectangle. Fig. 2: Archaeological excavations plan. Fig. 3: A: S 3 - west profile; B: S1- west profile; C: S 2 - west profile; D: S 5 - south profile. 1: humus; 2: brown earth layer (culture layer); 3: yellowish-cream coloured layer earth; 4: light grey coloured layer earth; 5: mixture beetwen brown earth and ballast; 6: yellowish with limonite coloured clay layer, without artifacts; 7: dun-black color dressing of the modern pit; 8: sherds; 9: animal hole; 10: stones; 11: little pieces of the burnt clay. Fig. 4: Plan and profile of the dwelling no.1. Fig. 5: Plan and profile of the pit no. 1. Pl. 1: Pottery from dwelling no. 1. Pl. 2: Pottery from dwelling no. 1. Pl. 3: 1-3: Pottery from dwelling no. 1; 4-5: pottery from pit no. 1. Pl. 4: Pottery from pit no. 1. Pl. 5: Pottery from culture layer. Pl. 6: Pottery from culture layer. Pl. 7: Pottery from culture layer. Pl. 8: Pottery from culture layer. Pl. 9: from culture layer: 1-9: pottery; 10: weight made by clay; 11: stone axe; 12-13: obsidian artifacts.

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Fig. 1: Lpuel village and Mociar site; the place where was made excavations is marked with black rectangle.

The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

Fig. 2: Archaeological excavations plan.

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Fig. 3: A: S 3 - west profile; B: S1- west profile; C: S 2 - west profile; D: S 5 - south profile. 1: humus; 2: brown earth layer (culture layer); 3: yellowish-cream coloured layer earth; 4: light grey coloured layer earth; 5: mixture beetwen brown earth and ballast; 6: yellowish with limonite coloured clay layer, without artifacts; 7: dun-black color dressing of the modern pit; 8: sherds; 9: animal hole; 10: stones; 11: little pieces of the burnt clay.

The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

Fig. 4: Plan and profile of the dwelling no. 1.

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Fig. 5: Plan and profile of the pit no. 1.

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

Pl. 1: Pottery from dwelling no. 1.

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Pl. 2: Pottery from dwelling no. 1.

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

Pl. 3: 1-3: Pottery from dwelling no. 1; 4-5: pottery from pit no. 1.

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Pl. 4: Pottery from pit no. 1.

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

Pl. 5: Pottery from culture layer.

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Pl. 6: Pottery from culture layer.

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

Pl. 7: Pottery from culture layer.

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Pl. 8: Pottery from culture layer.

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The Bronze Age Settlement at Lpuel Mociar

Pl. 9: Pottery from culture layer: 1-9: artefcts; 10: weight made of clay; 11: stone axe; 12-13: obsidian artifacts.

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