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P N B CU HI VN P

Bo him trong hot ng kinh doanh 2011 *****


Mc lc v danh sch son tho
Trong qu trnh hc c thc mc phn no, mi ngi lin h vi bn son tho ra gii p nh ! Mong tt c chng ta s sng st qua mn ny! Chng I: Khi qut chung v bo him ................................................................... 1 Ngc Chng II: Bo him hng hi................................................................................ 6 Cu 1 -> 9: Phng Huyn Cu 10 -> 13: Phng Cu 14 ->16: L Huyn Cu 17-> 21: Cng Cu 22-> 24: Bi Huyn Cu 25-> 33: Lan Cu 34 -> 39: Mai Cu 40-> 48 : Hng Chng III: Bo him hng khng ........................................................................ 49 Bo Lm Chng IV : Bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit. .............................................. 53 Cu 1 -> 6: Hnh Cu 7 -> 12: Nguyn Chng V: Bo him xy dng v lp t ............................................................... 63 Cu 1->3: Ngc Cu 4,5,6 : Vn

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Chng I: Khi qut chung v bo him


Cu 1: Nu khi nim v c im ca bo him. Tr li: Bo him l s cam kt bi thng ca ngi BH i vi ngi c BH v nhng thit hi, mt mt ca i tg BH do 1 ri ro tha thun gy ra, vi k ngi c BH thu BH cho i tg BH v np 1 khon tin gi l ph BH c im ca BH: L s di chuyn ri ra t ngi c BH sang ngi BH L bin php kinh t nhm gii quyt nhng hu qu v mt ti chnh L s phn chia ri ro, chia nh tn tht L ngnh kinh doanh ri ro

Cu 2: Trnh by cc cch phn loi bo him. Tr li: Cn c vo c ch hot ng ca BH - BH x hi: BH y t, ch BH vi cn b vin chc, BH thng mi: mang t/c kinh doanh kim li ko bt buc Cn c vo tnh cht ca BH - BH nhn th: trn i, sinh k, t k, hn hp, - BH phi nhn th: sc khe v tai nn con ngi, hng hi, ti sn v thit hi, chy v cc ri ro c bit, hng ko, xy dng v lp t, Cn c vo i tg BH - BH ti sn: ts ca c nhn hay tp th mang tnh vt cht - BH trch nhim: trch nhim dn s ca ngi c BH vi ngi th 3 hay sn phm - BH con ngi: con ngi hoc b phn + vn lin quan nh tui th, tnh mng, sc khe, Cu 3: Trnh by gi tr bo him v s tin bo him? Tr gi bo him v s tin bo him c quan h vi nhau nh th no? Tr li: Gi tr BH: l gi tr ca i tg BH lc bt u BH cng thm ph BH, v cc chi ph hp l khc S tin BH: l ton b hay 1 phn GTBH, do ngi c BH yu cu v c BH Cu 4: Th quyn trong bao hi m l g ? Tc dng v iu kin thc hin th quyn. Cho v d. Tr li:
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Th quyn l ngi BH sau khi bi thng cho ngi c BH, c quyn thay mt ngi c BH i ngi th 3 c trch nhim, bi thng cho mnh. Tc dng: gip cty BH b p ti chnh, cho php gim chi ph thc t ca ngi BH trg trng hp tn tht xy ra, lm gim ph BH. iu kin thc hin: - Ch p dng khi c tn tht v ti chnh (khc vi BH nhn th) Ch p dng khi ngi BH bi thng y tn tht trg phm vi BH cho ngi c BH Vic i bi thng phi trn danh ngha ngi c BH Ngi c BH phi cung cp cc bin bn, giy t, chng t, th tcn thit cho ngi BH Cu 5: i tng bo him l g? Phn tch cac loi i tng bo him. Tr li: i tng BH l ti sn hoc li ch mang ra BH C 3 loi: Ti sn - Con ngi - Trch nhim vi bn th 3 (ci ny bit phn tch kiu g) Cu 6: Trnh by nguyn tc li ch BH. Tr li: Theo nguyn tc ny, ngi c BH mun mua BH phi c li ch BH. Li ch BH c th l quyn c hoc s c trong i tng BH. Li ch BH l li ch hoc quyn li lin quan n, gn lin vi hay ph thuc vo s an ton hay ko an ton ca i tng BH. Ngi c li ch BH l ngi b thit hi v ti chnh khi i tng BH gp ri ro thng l ngi ch s hu i tng BH, ngi chu trch nhim qun l ti sn hoc ngi nhn cm c ti sn C li ch BH mi c k kt H BH Khi xy ra tn tht, ngi c BH phi c li ch BH ri mi c bi thng Cu 7: Trnh by cc bin php i ph vi ri ro m con ngi va ang p dng. Tr li: - Trnh ri ro: ko lm vic qu mo him, ko chc chn ko lm c g - Ngn nga, hn ch ri ro: s dng cc bin php phng nh h thng phng chy cha chy, an ton lao ng, ko ngn c ht ri ro

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T khc phc ri ro: t bo him: d tr 1 khon tin nht nh khi c ri ro xy ra th dng khon b p, khc phc hu qu. ko d tr + gy ng vn trg x hi

Chuyn nhng ri ro: BH: san s, chuyn nhng ri ro cho cng ty khc trg cty phi bi thng nhng thit hi do ri ro c tha thun gy ra, ngi chuyn nhng ri ro tr 1 khon ph ko gy ng vn + b p c ri ro ln

Cu 8: Phn tch cc nguyn tc ca bo him. Tr li: BH 1 ri ro ch ko BH 1 s chc chn: ch nhn BH nhng s c, tai nn xy ra 1 cch bt ng, ngu nhin, ngoi mun ca con ngi ch ko BH 1 ci chc chn xy ra. Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i: 2 bn phi tuyt i trung thc, tin tng ln nhau, ko la di nhau. Nu 1 trg 2 bn vi phm H v hiu Ngui BH: cng khai k, nguyn tc, gi c BH cho ngi c BH bit, ko c nhn BH khi bit i tng BH n ni an ton Ngi c BH: khai bo chnh xc cc chi tit lin quan n i tng BH, thng bo kp thi nhng thay i v i tng BH, ri ro, mi e da,m mnh bit cho ngi BH; ko c mua BH khi bit r i tng BH b tn tht Nguyn tc li ch BH: ngi c BH mun mua BH phi c li ch BH. Li ch BH c th l quyn c hoc s c trong i tng BH. Li ch BH l li ch hoc quyn li lin quan n, gn lin vi hay ph thuc vo s an ton hay ko an ton ca i tng BH. Ngi c li ch BH l ngi b thit hi v ti chnh khi i tng BH gp ri ro thng l ngi ch s hu i tng BH, ngi chu trch nhim qun l ti sn hoc ngi nhn cm c ti sn C li ch BH mi c k kt H BH. Khi xy ra tn tht, ngi c BH phi c li ch BH ri mi c bi thng Nguyn tc bi thng: khi c tn tht xy ra, ngi BH phi bi thng m bo cho ngi c BH c v tr ti chnh nh trc khi tn tht xy ra, ko hn ko km. Cc bn ko c li dng BH trc li Nguyn tc th quyn: Th quyn l ngi BH sau khi bi thng cho ngi c BH, c quyn thay mt ngi c BH, c hng mi li hp php ca ngi i ngi th 3 c trch nhim, bi thng cho mnh. thc hin c nguyn tc ny, ngi c BH phi cung cp cc bin bn, giy t, chng t, cn thit cho ngi BH Cu 9: So snh bo him x hi v bo him thng mi. Tr li:
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BH X hi Mc hot ng i tng Thu nhp ca ngi L BH Ngun hnh thnh Ph BH

BH Thng mi

ch B p ti chnh cho ngi c BH khi ri ro xy ra Tnh mng, tnh trng sc khe ca con ngi, ti sn, trch nhim dn s Ngi L, ngi s dng L, nh ng gp ph ca nhng ngi nc h tr tham gia Xc nh bng s tng i da vo Xc nh bng s tuyt i, trn c tin cng ca ng L v qu lng ca s xc sut ri ro ca i tng ch s dng L tham gia BH BH, s tin BH, gi tr BH Cc DN BH t ng ra kinh doanh Tnh cht kinh doanh T nguyn

C quan Thng do 1 t chc ca CP m nhn qun l Tnh cht Tnh tng h nhiu hn Bt buc theo php lut

Cu 10: Ph bo him c xc nh nh th no v ph thuc vo cc yu t no? Tr li: Ph BH (I) l khon tin m ngi c BH phi np cho ngi BH c bi thng khi c tn tht xy ra, l gi c ca BH. Ph BH c x nh sau: I = V(A) x R Trg : V: gi tr BH A: s tin BH Nu A < V th tnh theo A, nu A = V th tnh theo V R: t l ph BH (tnh cn c vo thng k tn tht hoc xc sut ri ro xy ra)

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Chng II: Bo him hng hi


Cu 1: Phn tch bo him hng hi v cc loi hnh bo him hng hi. Tr li: 1. nh ngha: Bo him hng hi l bo him cho nhng ri ro trn bin, trn b, trn sng lin quan n hnh trnh ng bin, gy tn tht cho cc i tng bo him chuyn ch trn bin. 2. Cc loi hnh bo him hng hi : 3loi: Bo him thn tu: bo him cho nhng thit hi vt cht xy ra vi v tu, my mc, thit b trn tu ng thi bo him cc ph, cc chi ph hot ng ca tu v mt phn trch nhim m ch tu phi chu trong trng hp hai tu m va nhau. Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu (P&I Insurance) : bo him nhng thit hi pht sinh t trch nhim ca ch tu trong qu trnh s hu, kinh doanh, khai thc tu bin. Bo him hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin: i tng bo him l hng ho XNK c vn chuyn trn bin v cc chi ph c lin quan. Cu 2: Trnh by cac ri ro trong bo him hng hi. Tr li: nh ngha: - Ri ro l nhng tai nn, tai ha, s c xy ra mt cch bt ng ngu nhin hoc nhng e do nguy him, khi xy ra th gy tn tht cho i tng bo him. - Ri ro hng hi l nhng ri ro xy ra trn bin, ca bin, lin quan n mt hnh trnh hng hi. V d: tu b mc cn, m, m va nhau hng b h hng, v thiu ht 2. Phn loi cc ri ro trong bo him hng hi: (2 cch) 2.1. Cn c vo nguyn nhn gy ri ro - Thin tai (Act of God): l nhng hin tng t nhin m con ngi khng chi phi c. Vd: bin ng, bo, gi lc, st nh, thi tit xu, sng thn, ng t, ni la phun - Tai ha ca bin (peril of the sea): l nhng tai nn xy ra i vi con tu ngoi bin. Vd: tu mc cn, chy, m, n, m va nhau, m va vt th khc, tu mt tch (Nhng ri ro ny c gi l nhng ri ro chnh sgk tr17) 1. Cc tai nn bt ng khc: l nhng thit hi do tc ng ngu nhin bn ngoi khng thuc cc tai ha ca bin ni trn. Tai nn bt ng khc c th xy ra trn bin, trn b, trn khng, trong qu trnh vn chuyn, xp d, giao nhn, lu kho. Vd: hng ho b rch, v, cong, vnh, mt mi, ly hi, trm, mt cp khng giao hng)
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Nhng ri ro ny thng l cc ri ro ph. Ri ro do cc hnh ng chnh tr x hi hoc do li ca ngi c bo him gy nn vd: chin tranh, nh cng, hnh ng th ch, khng b, tu b bt gi

hoc tch thu 2.2. Cn c vo nghip v bo him: (3 loi) a. Cc ri ro thng thng c bo him: l cc ri ro c bo him mt cch bnh thng theo nhng iu kin bo him gc A, B, C. Bao gm c ri ro chnh v ri ro ph. * Ri ro chnh: l ri ro thng xuyn xy ra v c bo him trong mi iu kin bo him: (6): mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, nm hng xung bin, mt tch. * Cc ri ro ph: l nhng ri ro t xy ra, ch c bo him trong cc iu kin bo him rng nht: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn, ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mc cu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng b. Cc ri ro phi bo him ring (ri ro loi tr tng i): l nhng ri ro loi tr i vi cc iu kin bo him tiu chun, nu mun c bo him th phi mua ring: - Ri ro chin tranh (War Risk- WA) - Ri ro nh cng, khng b (SRCC- strike, riots & civil commodition) c. Ri ro khng c bo him ri ro loi tr (loi tr tuyt i): l nhng ri ro khng c bo him i vi bo him hng hi trong mi trng hp. l (5) theo SGK: - Ri ro chc chn xy ra, ng nhin xy ra. Thit hi do ni t, bn cht ca hng ha. Do li ca ngi c bo him Thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm ch.

Nhng ri ro c tnh thm ha nm ngoi d tnh ca con ngi v quy m, mc v hu qu ca n (Theo slide c H: (7) - chnh l cc ri ro loi tr theo ICC 1982) - Bun lu (Contraband) - Li ca ngi c bo him (Insureds fault) - Tu khng kh nng i bin (Unseaworthiness) - Tu i chch hng (Deviation) - Ni t (Inherent Vice) - n t (Latent Defect) - Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu ) (*) Note: Chi tit v ri ro chnh v ri ro ph - phn ny khng bit c nn hc khng nhng trong slide c H c!
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* Ri ro chnh: l ri ro thng xuyn xy ra v c bo him trong mi iu kin bo him: (6): mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, nm hng xung bin, mt tch. (*Note: cc ri ro chnh c lit k chi tit bn di k c trong sgk, ch c trong slide) Ri ro mc cn (stranding): l hin tng tu i vo ch nc nng, y tu chm vi y bin hoc nm trn mt chng ngi vt khc lm cho hnh trnh ca tu b gin on v mun thot c phi nh n ngoi lc; ri ro mc cn bao gm c ri ro mc kt Ri ro chm m (sinking): l hin tng tu hoc phng tin vn chuyn b chm hn xung nc, y tu chm vi y bin lm cho hnh trnh b hu b Ri ro chy (Fire): l hin tng xy ho hng ho hay vt th khc trn tu c to nhit lng cao: +) Chy bnh thng: do nguyn nhn t bn ngoi hay do nhng nguyn nhn

khch quan nh thin tai, s sut ca ngi khng phi ngi c bo him, buc phi thiu hu trnh b ch bt hoc trnh ly lan dch bnh +) Chy ni t: do bn thn hng ho t bc chy m ngi bo him chng minh c l do qu trnh bc xp hng ho ln tu khng thch hp hoc do bn cht t nhin ca hng ho. Cng ty bo him ch bi thng chy bnh thng. Ri ro m va (Collision): l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hoc va vi bt k vt no bn ngoi tr nc (bao gm c nc ) Ri ro vt hoc nm xung bin (Jettision): l hnh ng vt mt phn hng ho hoc trang thit b ca tu xung bin nhm mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh ca tu. Ri ro mt tch (missing): l trng hp tu khng n c cng nh quy nh ca hp ng v sau mt khong thi gian nht nh k t ngy hnh trnh b mt tin tc v tu v hng ho trn tu.

+) Php: 6 thng i vi hnh trnh ngn v 12 thng i vi hnh trnh di +) Anh v cc nc theo lut Anh: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh nhng khng nh hn 2 thng v khng ln hn 6 thng +) Vit nam: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh ca tu nhng khng nh hn 3 thng * Cc ri ro ph: l nhng ri ro t xy ra, ch c bo him trong cc iu kin bo him rng nht: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn, ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mc cu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng - Hp hi l s thot hi nc t bn thn hng ho, phng tin chuyn ch hng ho ly lan sang khi hng ho c xp trong hm tu, container thng gi km
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- Ly hi l hng ho b h hi km phm cht t hng ho khc hoc phng tin chuyn ch ly sang - Ly bn l hng ho b lm bn dn n km phm cht - R l hng ho bng kim loi b hoen r do ly hi, do nc ma, nc bin hoc t ri ro bo him khc em li - Mc cu l s thiu ht hng ho do qu trnh mc cu trong khi xp d hng ho ti cng gy nn lm mt nguyn ai nguyn kin hay rch v bao b. Cu 3: Ri ro ph trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin l g, bao gm nhng ri ro nh th no? Tr li: Cc ri ro ph: l nhng ri ro t xy ra, ch c bo him trong cc iu kin bo him rng nht: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn, ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mc cu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng - Hp hi l s thot hi nc t bn thn hng ho, phng tin chuyn ch hng ho ly lan sang khi hng ho c xp trong hm tu, container thng gi km - Ly hi l hng ho b h hi km phm cht t hng ho khc hoc phng tin chuyn ch ly sang - Ly bn l hng ho b lm bn dn n km phm cht - R l hng ho bng kim loi b hoen r do ly hi, do nc ma, nc bin hoc t ri ro bo him khc em li - Mc cu l s thiu ht hng ho do qu trnh mc cu trong khi xp d hng ho ti cng gy nn lm mt nguyn ai nguyn kin hay rch v bao b. Ch ! Ri ro ph c th c mua bo him bng cch mua bo him theo iu kin A Cu 4: Trnh by r i ro loi tr trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin theo ICC 1982. Tr li: Ri ro loi tr trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin theo ICC 1982 l cc ri ro loi tr theo iu kin A ICC 1982 (l cc ri ro loi tr theo iu kin C tr i ri ro thit hi hoc c ph hoi), l (4): 1. iu khon loi tr chung R r, hao ht thng thng v trng lng, khi lng, hao mn t nhin ca i tng BH. Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do bao b khng y hoc khng thch hp Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do chi ph ni t hoc bn cht ca i tng BH
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Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu, ngi qun l tu, ngi thu tu hoc ngi khai thc tu. Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do s dng v kh chin tranh nh nng lng nguyn t, ht nhn hoc phng x.

2. iu khon loi tr ri ro v tnh trng khng kh nng i bin hoc khng thch hp. Trong mi trng hp, bo him ny khng bo him cho nhng mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do tu hoc x lan khng kh nng i bin, cc phng tin vn ti khc, container, toa xe khng thch hp cho vic vn ti an ton hng ha bo him m ngi c bo him hoc ngi lm cng ca h bit vo lc xp hng ln cc phng tin vn ti ni trn. 3. iu khon loi tr cc ri ro chin tranh. Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi ngha hoc hnh ng th ch. B chim gi, tch thu, b bt, kim ch (khng k cp bin), v hu qu ca nhng hnh ng . Bom mn ng li hoc cc v kh chin tranh khc cn st li trong cc cuc chin tranh. 4. iu khon loi tr nhng ri ro nh cng. Ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng hoc bt c ngi no tham gia gy ri lon lao ng, bo ng hoc ni lon dn s. nh cng, cm xng, ri lon lao ng hoc ni lon dn s. K khng b hoc bt k ngi no hnh ng v ng c chnh tr.

(*) Note: Phn ny theo Slide c H ch c: Cc ri ro loi tr theo ICC 1982: - Bun lu Li ca ngi c bo him Tu i chch hng Tu khng kh nng i bin n t Ni t Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu)

Cu 5: Trnh by r i ro c bo him trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin theo ICC 1982. Tr li: Cc ri ro c bo him trong hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin theo ICC 1982 (Bao gm 12 trng hp theo iu kin BH A.(A = 5C + 4B + mi ri ro c bo him tr ri ro loi tr A) :
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1. Chy hoc n 2. Tu hoc x lan b mc cn, chm t, b m hoc lt p. 3. Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh 4. Tu m va nhau hoc tu, x lan, phng tin vn chuyn m va phi vt th khc khng phi l nc. 5. D hng ti cng lnh nn; 6. Hy sinh tn tht chung; 7. Vt hng xung bin. iu khon tn tht chung: bo him tn tht chung v chi ph cu nn c xc nh ph hp vi hp ng vn ti v tp qun p dng. iu khon Hai tu m va nhau cng c li: ngi c bo him c bo him phn trch nhim theo iu khon Hai tu m va nhau u c li quy nh trong hp ng vn ti. Ngoi ra ngi c bo him cn c bo v

trc khin ni ca ch tu nu thng bao cho ngi bo him. 8. ng t, ni la phun, st nh 9. Nc cun khi tu 10. Nc bin, sng, h trn vo hm tu, x lan, phng tin vn ti, container, to axe hoc ni cha hng 11. Tn tht ton b ca bt k kin no do ri khi tu hoc b ri trong khi xp ln hoc d xung tu hoc x lan. 12. Thit hi do c hoc ph hoi (*) Note: Theo slide c H, c phn thnh: A= 7C + 4B +1A 1. Mc cn, m, chy, m va 2. D hng ti mt cng gp nn 3. Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh 4. Tn tht chung v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph cu nn, chi ph phng hn ch tn tht, chi ph gim nh, chi ph khiu ni t tng) 5. Nm hng ra khi tu 6. Mt tch 7. Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tu m va nhau cng c li 8. ng t, ni la phun, st nh 9. Nc cun khi tu 10. Nc bin, nc sng, nc h trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan, phng tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng 11. Tn tht ton b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri trong khi ang xp d hng ho
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12. Tn tht do cc ri ro ph gy nn: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, hnh vi c hoc ph hoi (khng phi ca ngi c bo him), va p vo hng ho khc, trm, cp, cp, nc ma, giao thiu hng ho hoc khng giao, mc cu hoc cc ri ro tng t Cu 6: Trnh by tn tht chung, tn tht ring trong bo him hng hi Tr li: Nu cn c vo trch nhim v quyn li i vi tn tht (tnh cht ca tn tht), tn tht c chia thnh 2 loi: tn tht chung v tn tht ring: 1. Tn tht ring (Particular average): l nhng thit hi, mt mt ca i tng bo him do mt ri ro bt ng, ngu nhin gy ra, v d hng ha b h hng do tu b m, mc cn m va.. h hng, v - Tn tht ring c th l tn tht b phn hoc ton b Tn tht ring xy ra ngu nhin, tn tht ca ngi no ngi chu m khng c s ng gp ca cc bn. C th xy ra bt c u khng nht thit l trn bin. Tn tht ring ch c bi thng nu ri ro c tha thun trong hp

ng. (*)Note : Theo slide c H: Tn tht ring l tn tht ca ring tng quyn li bo him do thin tai, tai nn bt ng gy nn +) Bo him bi thng tn tht ring thuc ri ro bo him v chi ph hp l pht sinh ca v tn tht ring (chi ph tn tht ring) +) Hng ho: chi ph tn tht ring l nhng chi ph nhm bo tn hng ho khi b h hi thm hay gim bt h hi khi xy ra tn tht thuc ri ro bo him trn hnh trnh +) Bo him thn tu: chi ph tn tht ring gm chi ph sa cha tu v chi ph cha sa cha tu Chi ph sa cha: Chi ph sa cha tm thi Chi ph sa cha chnh thc: chi ph sa cha, thay th cc b phn tn tht xy ra nhm khi phc li gi tr ban u ca con tu trc khi c tai nn tn tht Chi ph cha sa cha: l s tin hp l i vi vic gim gi tr thn tu, my mc trang thit b do vic h hng cha sa cha gy ra. 2. Tn tht chung (General Average): 2.1. Khi nim v c trng Tn tht chung l nhng thit hi xy ra do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu, hng ho v cc ph ch trn tu khi mt s nguy him chung, thc s i vi chng.
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Mun c tn tht chung phi c hnh ng tn tht chung: c v ch c hnh ng tn tht chung khi v ch khi c mt s hy sinh hoc chi ph bt thng (extraordinary) c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm bo tn ti sn khi b tai ho trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin Nguyn tc 1: tn tht chung v s an ton chung Nguyn tc 2: nhng chi ph pht sinh tuy khng phi cn thit trnh him ho cho tu v hng nhng l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng tn tht chung v v li ch chung cng c cng nhn l tn tht chung. 2.2. c trng: Hnh ng tn tht chung phi l hnh ng c ca nhng ngi trn tu v do mnh lnh cu thuyn trng hy sinh ti sn ca ch tu v ch hng Phi l hnh ng hp l Thit hi trong tn tht chung phi l thit hi c bit Nguy c e do hnh trnh phi nghim trng v thc t Tn tht chung phi v an ton chung Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph phi l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng tn tht chung Xy ra trn bin 2.3. Ni dung ca tn tht chung Hy sinh tn tht chung (General Average Sacrifices): l nhng thit hi hoc chi ph do hu qu trc tip ca mt hnh ng tn tht chung. Chi ph tn tht chung (General Average Costs): l nhng chi ph phi tr cho ngi th ba trong vic c tu, hng, cc ph thot nn hoc chi ph lm cho tu tip tc hnh trnh. Chi ph tn tht chung bao gm:

Chi ph cu nn Chi ph tm thi sa cha tu Chi ph ti cng lnh nn Chi ph tng thm v lng ca s quan thu th v nhin liu Tin li ca s tin c cng nhn l tn tht chung, vi li sut l 7%/nm c tnh n ht 3 thng sau ngy pht hnh bn phn b tn tht chung (g/a adjustment) 2.4. Lut l gii quyt tn tht chung Quy tc v tn tht chung ln u tin c thng qua ti York (Anh) nm 1864Quy tc York Quy tc York c sa i b sung ti Antwerp (B) nm 1924- Quy tc YorkAntwerp Quy tc York- Antwerp c sa i, b sung vo cc nm 1950, 1974, 1990,1994 v 2004 C 2 loi iu khon:

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Th t ch ci (t A n G): quy nh nhng vn chung nht v tn tht chung (nh ngha tn tht chung v hnh ng tn tht chung; cc nguyn tc tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung) Th t bng s la m (t I n XXIII): quy nh cc trng hp hy sinh v chi ph tn tht chung c th iu khon gii thch: quy nh tn tht chung c gii quyt theo cc iu khon bng ch tr trng hp do iu khon ti cao v iu khon bng ch quy nh khc iu khon ti cao: trong mi trng hp ch c tha nhn l tn tht chung khi cc chi ph v hy sinh c chi ra mt cch hp l Nhng thay i ch yu ca Quy tc York- Antwerp nm 2004: do p lc ch yu t pha Lin on bo him hng hi quc t (International Union of Marine InsurersIUMU): - Quy tc VI: chi ph cu h b loi tr khi tn tht chung - Loi b nguyn tc 2: ch c cc tn tht v chi ph xy ra v an ton chung ca cc ti sn trong hnh trnh mi c a vo tn tht chung, cn cc chi ph v li ch chung s b loi b => Quy tc XI: tin lng ca s quan thu th trong thi gian tu lu li cng lnh nn s khng c a vo tn tht chung, tuy nhin chi ph nhin liu v ph tng thay th vn c a vo tn tht chung - Khon li 2% trong quy tc XX b bi b - Li sut trong quy tc XXI vn c duy tr nhng khng phi l 7% m s c U b an hng hi quc t (CMI) n nh hng nm. - Thi hiu t tng: 1 nm k t ngy bn tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c cng b, hoc 6 nm k t ngy kt thc hnh trnh trong xy ra tn tht chung. Tuy nhin cc bn vn c th tho thun ko di thi hn trn. Cu 7: Phn tich v cho v d v tn tht ton b thc t, tn tht ton b c tnh trong bao hi m hang hai Tr li: (*) Cn c vo mc v quy m tn tht phn thnh 2 loi Tn tht b phn (partial loss): l nhng mt mt, h hi mt phn i tng bo him thuc mt hp ng bo him Tn tht ton b (total loss): l s mt mt h hi 100% gi tr s dng ca i tng bo him. Tn tht ton b gm tn tht ton b thc t v tn tht ton b c tnh. 1. Phn tch tn tht ton b thc t v c tnh

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+) Tn tht ton b thc t (Actual Total Loss): l ton b i tng bo him theo mt hp ng bo him, b h hng, mt mt, thit hi hoc b bin cht, bin dng khng cn nh lc mi bo him na hay b mt i, b tc ot khng ly li c na. +) Tn tht ton b c tnh (Constructive Total Loss): l nhng tn tht ca i tng bo him c th cha ti mc tn tht ton b, nhng i tng bo him b t b mt cch hp l v xt thy khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hoc c th trnh c nhng phi b ra chi ph vt qu tr gi ca i tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him iu kin: Ngi c bo him phi t b i tng bo him cho ngi bo him. Hnh ng t b hng: l hnh ng ca ngi c bo him t b mi quyn li ca mnh i vi hng ho cho ngi bo him trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh c bi thng ton b Khi t b hng th s hu v hng s chuyn sang ngi bo him. Nu ngi bo him chp nhn th phi bi thng ton b gi tr bo him hoc s tin bo him. Ngi bo him c th t chi hoc chp nhn t b hng, vic t b ny khng nh hng n quyn li c bi thng ca ngi c bo him. S im lng ca ngi bo him khng cj coi l chp nhn hay t chi t b hng. Khi t b i tng bo him phi tun theo nguyn tc: Lm tuyn b t b gi cho cng ty bo him (Notice of Abandonment) Khi t b c chp nhn th khng thay i c na Ch c t b khi i tng bo him cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc t. ( t b dc ng ny khng nu trong sch, ch c trong slide c H nn chc khng cn lm)

2. V d - Tn tht ton b thc t: L hng b h hng v bin bn gim nh ghi l gim gi tr thng mi 100% L x phng bnh b chy thnh tng tng khng cn nguyn dng nh lc ban u Hng b mt do tu b m hoc mt tch. Tn tht ton b c tnh Tu ch go gp bo, gh vo cng lnh nn th go t ht. Nu tip tc ch go v th go s hng ht, tc l s xy ra tn tht ton b v ngi bo him s phi bi thng ton b. Tu ch thp gp bo, phi gh vo mt cng lnh nn khng th tip tc c hnh trnh. Mc d thp khng h hng nhng chi ph lu kho bi, d hng xung, thu tu khc ch tip vt qu gi tr ca st thp sau khi ch n.
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Bo him than tu, tu b nn n ni chi ph sa cha ln hn gi tr tu sau khi sa xong Cu 8: Trnh by tn tht ton b c tnh va cho vi du . Tr li: 1. Tn tht ton b c tnh (Constructive Total Loss): l nhng tn tht ca i tng bo him c th cha ti mc tn tht ton b, nhng i tng bo him b t b mt cch hp l v xt thy khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hoc c th trnh c nhng phi b ra chi ph vt qu tr gi ca i tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him iu kin: Ngi c bo him phi t b i tng bo him cho ngi bo him. Hnh ng t b hng: l hnh ng ca ngi c bo him t b mi quyn li ca mnh i vi hng ho cho ngi bo him trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh c bi thng ton b. Khi t b hng th s hu v hng s chuyn sang ngi bo him. Nu ngi bo him chp nhn th phi bi thng ton b gi tr bo him hoc s tin bo him. Ngi bo him c th t chi hoc chp nhn t b hng, vic t b ny khng nh hng n quyn li c bi thng ca ngi c bo him. S im lng ca ngi bo him khng cj coi l chp nhn hay t chi t b hng. Khi t b i tng bo him phi tun theo nguyn tc: - Lm tuyn b t b gi cho cng ty bo him bng vn bn, phi t b mt cch v iu kin v hp l. (Notice of Abandonment) - T b ri khng c rt lui Ch c t b khi i tng bo him cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc t. ( t b dc ng ny khng nu trong sch, ch c trong slide c H nn chc khng cn lm) 2. V d: Tu ch go gp bo, gh vo cng lnh nn th go t ht. Nu tip tc ch go v th go s hng ht, tc l s xy ra tn tht ton b v ngi bo him s phi bi thng ton b. Tu ch thp gp bo, phi gh vo mt cng lnh nn khng th tip tc c hnh trnh. Mc d thp khng h hng nhng chi ph lu kho bi, d hng xung, thu tu khc ch tip vt qu gi tr ca st thp sau khi ch n. Bo him than tu, tu b nn n ni chi ph sa cha ln hn gi tr tu sau khi sa xong Cu 9: Khi nim v c trng ca tn tht chung? Cho v d minh ha tn tht chung.
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Tr li: 1. Khi nim v c trng 1.1. Khi nim: Tn tht chung l nhng thit hi xy ra do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu, hng ho v cc ph khi b tai ho trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin. Mun c tn tht chung phi c hnh ng tn tht chung: c v ch c hnh ng tn tht chung khi v ch khi c mt s hy sinh hoc chi ph bt thng (extraordinary) c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm bo tn ti sn khi b tai ho trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin Nguyn tc 1: tn tht chung v s an ton chung Nguyn tc 2: nhng chi ph pht sinh tuy khng phi cn thit trnh him ho cho tu v hng nhng l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng tn tht chung v v li ch chung cng c cng nhn l tn tht chung. 1.2. c trng: Hnh ng tn tht chung phi l hnh ng c ca nhng ngi trn tu v do mnh lnh cu thuyn trng hy sinh ti sn ca ch tu v ch hng Phi l hnh ng hp l Thit hi trong tn tht chung phi l thit hi c bit Nguy c e do hnh trnh phi nghim trng v thc t Tn tht chung phi v an ton chung Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph phi l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng tn tht chung Xy ra trn bin 2. V d minh ha tn tht chung Tu i trn bin gp bo, c nguy c b m. Thuyn trng quyt nh vt bt mt s hng cho tu nh bt v tu qua c cn bo. Thit hi do vic vt hng xung bin gi l tn tht chung. Hnh ng vt hng xung bin gi l hnh ng tn tht chung. Cu 10: Tn tht chung l g? V d minh ha. Trnh by cch tnh ton phn b tn tht chung. Tr li: 1. Khi nim: Tn tht chung l nhng thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu, hng ha v cc ph khi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin. Mun c tn tht chung phi c hnh ng tn tht chung. 2. Vic tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c tin hnh theo 5 bc: + Bc 1: Xc nh gi tr tn tht chung:
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Tng gi tr tn tht chung l tng nhng hy sinh v chi ph c cng nhn l tn tht chung. Nu hng ha b hy sinh v tn tht chung th gi tr c tnh l gi tr hng ha vo lc d hng, cn c vo ha n thng mi hoc cn c vo gi hng lc xp hng xung tu. Gi tr ny bao gm c chi ph bo him v cc ph, tr trng hp cc ph1 ko thuc trch nhim thanh ton ca ch hng. + Bc 2: Xc nh gi tr chu phn b: - l gi tr ti sn c mt trn tu ca tt c cc quyn li vo thi im c hnh ng tn tht chung2, tc l tng cc gi tr c hnh ng tn tht chung cu thot, bao gm c nhng gi tr hy sinh v an ton chung. nhng ti sn, mt mt h hi xy ra trc hnh ng tn tht chung ko c tnh vo gi tr chu phn b nhng tn tht ring xy ra vo sau hnh ng tn tht chung th vn tnh.

+ Bc 3: Xc nh t l ng gp = tng gi tr tn tht chung/ tng gi tr chu phn b ri x100% + Bc 4: Tnh s tin phi ng gp ca tng quyn li S tin ng gp ca tng quyn li bng t l ng gp nhn vi gi tr ng gp ca tng quyn li C=(L/CV)*v L: tng gi tr tn tht chung CV: tng gi tr chu phn b v: gi tr chu phn b ca tng quyn li + Bc 5: Tnh ton kt qu ti chnh l s tin thc s thu v hoc b thm ra ca tng ch hng hay ch tu sau khi tr i phn gi tr ti sn hoc chi ph h b ra trong hnh ng tn tht chung Cu 11: Phn bit tn tht chung v tn tht ring, cho v d minh ha. Tr li: Tn tht ring l tn tht ca quyn li bo him3 do thin tai, tai nn bt ng gy nn

1 2

Cc ph l mt mc trong gi tr chu phn b. Thi im c hnh ng tn tht chung, c th hiu l ngay trc khi din ra h ny. 3 QUYN LI BO HIM l duy nht, khng c lin can g ti cc quyn li khc (v d ch hng A l ch hng A, ch hng B l ch hng B).
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Tn tht chung l thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu v hng ha khi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh trn bin. Nh vy tn tht ring v tn tht chung c nhng im khc nhau c bn sau: - tn tht ring do nguyn nhn khch quan4, nm ngoi mun ch quan ca con ngi cn tn tht chung do hnh ng c 5 ca con ngi. Tn tht ring ko c cc quyn li cn li trn tu n b cn tn tht chung VD v tn tht ring: tu b m chm, hng ha thit hi hon ton l tn tht c tnh ton v n b. ring - VD v tn tht chung: tu i ng gp bo, thuyn trng ra lnh vt bt hng ha tu c th i c nhanh hn ra khi vng bo th s hng ha b hy sinh c tnh vo tn tht chung Cu 12: Trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan khi xy ra tn tht chung la gi? Tr li: Khi xy ra tn tht chung, cc bn lin quan c nhng trch nhim sau: + Ch tu v thuyn trng: - Tuyn b tn tht chung - Mi gim nh vin n gim nh tn tht ca tu v hng. - Gi cho cc ch hng bn cam oan ng gp v giy cam oan ng gp tn tht ch hng v ng bo him in v xut trnh khi nhn hng - Ch nh mt nhn vin tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung - Lp khng ngh hng hi nu cn - ng gp vo tn tht chung sau khi phn b xong tn tht chung + Ch hng: - Nhn bn cam oan ng gp tn tht chung v giy cam oan ng gp tn tht chung - K khai gi tr hng ha - ng gp vo tn tht chung sau khi phn b Cu 13: Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung. Nhng sa i c bn ca quy tc York Antwerp 2004 so vi cc quy tc trc . Tr li:
4

Ch , nguyn nhn khch quan y vn hm cc hnh ng nh cp, hnh ng xu (c bo him- vn l hnh ng c ca con ngi, nhng khng phi l ngi trc tip lin quan ti bo him). 5 Ti sao li l hnh ng c ? do lnh ca thuyn trng nhm cu cc quyn li khc.
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Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung gm c cc ngun lut chnh, l: - Quy tc v tn tht chung ln u tin c thng qua ti York (Anh) nm 1864 Quy tc York. - Quy tc York c sa i b sung ti Antwerp (B) nm 1924 Quy tc York Antwerp - Quy tc York-Antwerp c sa i, b sung vo cc nm 1950, 1974, 1990, 2004. Nhng phin bn sa i, b sung sau khng lm mt tnh php l ca cc phin bn trc.6 Nhng sa i c bn7 ca qui tc York - Antwerp 20048: Qui tc VI: Chi ph cu h b loi tr khi tn tht chung9 Loi b nguyn tc 2: ch c cc tn tht v chi ph xy ra v an ton chung ca cc ti sn trong hnh trnh mi c a vo tn tht chung cn cc chi ph v li ch chung s b hy b thay i qui tc XI: tin lng ca s quan thy th trong thi gian tu lu li cng lnh nn s khng c a vo tn tht chung, tuy nhin chi ph nhin liu v ph tng thay th vn c a vo tn tht chung Khon li sut 2% trong qui tc XX b bi b10 Li sut trong qui tc XXI vn c duy tr nhng khng phi l 7%11 m s c y ban hng hi quc t (CMI) n nh hng nm Thi hiu t tng: 1 nm k t ngy bn tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c cng b, hoc 6 nm k t ngy kt thc hnh trnh trong xy ra tn tht chung. Tuy nhin cc bn vn c th tha thun ko di thi hn trn. Cu 14: Phn tch s cn thit ca bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. Tham kho SGK trang 32 Tr li:
6

iu ny c ngha, quy tc YA khng mang tnh bt buc, n ch mang tnh bt buc khi dn chiu vo n. Nu trong bi khng ni r l p dng phin bn no (cn ch thay i ca bn 2004 v 1994) th cn phi phn trng hp. 7 Thay i do p lc ch yu t pha Lin on bo him hng hi quc t (IUMU)
8 9

C hiu lc t 1/1/2005 v tr nn bt li cho ch tu B do nhiu trng hp lng ph v ko r rng, tuy nhin c cho vo tt chung khi chi ph ny

c 1 bn i din cho bn khc lin quan ti hnh trnh ng tr trc (v d: ch tu chng hn)
10

Quy tc XX = Qui tc xt x: Vic ng qu: Khon tin 2% ca s tin chi cho TTC khng k

lng v ph cp cho thuyn trng, cc s quan v thy th on v cc nhin liu v cc d tr khc khng phi thay th trong hnh trnh, s c tha nhn trong TTC
11

Li tc cho nhng thit hi c coi l TTC


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Khi xut nhp khu hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, cc doanh nghip ( ngi bn hoc ngi mua) phi bo him cho hng ha ca mnh, v: - Hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin thng gp rt nhiu ri ro c th gy ra nh nhng h hng, mt mt nh tu b mc cn, m, m va nhau, chy, n,mt tch, khng giao hng,,,; - Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch bng ng bin rt hn ch v vic khiu ni i bi thng rt kh khn; - C bo him mi bo v li ch ca doanh nghip trong trng hp c tn tht v to tm l an tm trong kinh doanh. Cu 15: Trnh by cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin ca Anh v ca Vit Nam. Tr li: Tham kho SGK trang 33-36 1. Cc iu kin bo him ca Anh: Do Vin nhng ngi bo him London ( Institute of London Underwwriters - ILU) son tho v ban hnh a. Cc iu kin bo him gc: - iu kin bo him A ( Institute Cargo Clause A); - iu kin bo him B ( Institue Cargo Clause B); - iu kin bo him C ( Institue Cargo Clause C); - iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng, tr hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bu in ( Institute Cargo Clauses- Air) ( excluding sendings by Post). b. Cc iu kin bo him p dng cho mt s hng c bit: - Cc iu kin bo him hng ha bun bn theo l ( Institute Commodity trade Clauses A, B, C); - iu kin bo him than ( Institute Coal Clauses); - iu kin bo him du th ( Institute bulk Oil Clauses); - iu kin bo him ay ( Institute Jute Clauses); - iu kin bo him cao su t nhin ( Institute Natural Rubber Clauses); - iu kin bo him tht ng lnh ( Institute Frozen Meat Clauses); c.Cc iu kin bo him ph: - iu kin bo him chin tranh p dng cho hng vn chuyn bng ng bin ( Institute War Clauses - Cargo) - iu kin bo him chin tranh p dng cho hng gi bng bu in ( Institute War Clauses - sendings by Post ); - iu kin bo him chin tranh p dng cho hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng, tr nhng hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bu in ( Insitute War Clause - Air Cargo ) ( excluding sendings by Post );
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- iu kin bo him nh cng p dng cho hng vn chuyn bng ng bin ( Institute Strikes Clauses - Cargo); - iu kin bo him nh cng p dng cho vn chuyn du th ( Institue Strikes Clauses - Bulk Oil )... - iu kin bo him thit hi do c ( Institute Malicious Damage Clauses), 1/8/82; - iu kin bo him mt trm, mt cp v khng giao hng ( Institue Thief, Pilferage and Non-Delivery Clauses), 1/12/82... 2. Cc iu kin bo him hng ha ca Vit Nam: Do B ti chnh v Bo Vit son tho v ban hnh - iu kin bo him FPA, WA, AR theo Quy tc chung v bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1965 ca B Ti Chnh ( QTC 1965); - iu kin bo him A, B, C theo Quy tc chung v bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1990 ca B Ti chnh ( QTC 1990); - iu kin bo him A, B, C theo Quy tc chung v bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1995 ca Bo Vit ( QTCB 95); - iu kin bo him A, B, C theo Quy tc chung v bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1998 ca Bo Vit ( QTCB 98); - iu kin bo him A, B, C theo Quy tc chung v bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 2004 ca Bo Vit ( QTCB 2004). Trong cc bn Quy tc chung ni trn, Bn QTCB-2004 ca Bo Vit ( thay th cho QTCB 1998) l hon thin hn c. N bao gm 16 chng cp ti cc vn : Nguyn tc chung, Phm vi bo him; Loi tr bo him; Bt u v kt thc trch nhim bo him; Ngha v ca ngi c bo him khi xy ra tn tht; Xc nh tn tht; Cch tnh v thanh ton bi thng; Chuyn quyn bi thng; T b hng; Nhng quy n khc; Thi hiu khiu ni; X l tranh chp. => Khi mua bo him cho hng ha, tr nhng trng hp c bit, ch hng phi mua bo him theo mt trong ba iu kin bo him gc l A, B hoc C ca Anh hoc Vit Nam ( ca B Ti chnh hay Bo Vit). Ngoi ra, ch hng phi np thm ph bo him thm v cc ri ro chin tranh hay nh cng nu c nhu cu v c th la chn cng ti bo him trong nc hoc nc ngoi. Cu 16: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin A- ICC 1982. Tr li Tham kho SGK trang 38-41 a. Ri ro c bo him: Theo iu kin ny, ngi bo him chu trch nhim v mi ri ro gy ra mt mt, h hng cho hng ha dc bo him, tr nhng ri ro loi tr sau: - Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, khi ngha hoc hnh ng th ch; - Vic chim, cm gi, bt gi ti sn hoc kim ch v hu qu ca chng; - Mn, thy li, bom hay nhng v kh chin tranh ang tri dt;
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- nh cng, cm xng, ri lon lao ng hoc bo ng; - Ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng, ngi gy ri lon lao ng hoc bo ng, k khng b hay hnh ng v ng c chnh tr; - Do bt k k khng b no hoc bt k ngi no hnh ng v ng c chnh tr; - Vic s dng cc v kh chin tranh c dng n nng lng nguyn t ht nhn hoc cht phng x; - Khuyt tt vn c hoc tnh cht c bit ca hng ha bo him; b. Trch nhim khc ca cng ti bo him: - Tn tht chung v chi ph cu h c phn b hay xc nh theo hp ng vn ti v/hoc theo lut l tp qun hin hnh; - Nhng chi ph v tin cng hp l m ngi c bo him hoc i l ca h chi ra nhm phng trnh hoc gim nh tn tht cho hng ha c bo him hay nhng chi ph kin tng i ngi th ba bi thng; - Nhng chi ph hp l cho vic d hng, lu khi v gi tip hng ha ti cng dc ng hay cng lnh nn do hu qu ca mt ri ro thuc phm vi hp ng bo him; - Nhng chi ph hp l cho vic gim nh hoc xc nh s tn tht m ngi bo him phi bi thng; - Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon Hai ti am va nhau v u c li) ghi trong hp ng vn ti. Cu 17. Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin B ICC 1982. c: trang 48 SGT Tr li: - Cc trng hp nh ging iu kin C: bo him bi thng trong 7 trng hp: + Mc cn, m, chy, m va + D hng ti mt cng gp nn + Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh + Tn tht chung v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph cu nn, chi ph phng hn ch tn tht, chi ph gim nh, chi ph khiu ni t tng) + Nm hng ra khi tu + Mt tch + Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tu m va nhau cng c li - 4 trng hp b sung: + ng t, ni la phun, st nh + Nc cun khi tu + Nc bin, nc sng, nc h trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan, phng tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng
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+ Tn tht ton b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri trong khi ang xp d hng ho Cu 18. Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin C ICC 1982. c: trang 41-47 SGT Tr li: Bo him bi thng trong 7 trng hp: - Mc cn, m, chy, m va - D hng ti mt cng gp nn - Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh - Tn tht chung v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph cu nn, chi ph phng hn ch tn tht, chi ph gim nh, chi ph khiu ni t tng) - Nm hng ra khi tu - Mt tch - Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tu m va nhau cng c li Cu 19. Trnh by ph m vi trch nhim bo him cua ngi bao hi m theo hai i u kin bo him c bit ca ICC 1982. c: trang 48-50 SGT Tr li: a) WR (War Risk): iu kin bo him cc ri ro chin tranh - Nhng ri ro c bo him: mt mt, h hng ca i tng bo him do: + Ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng hoc nhng ngi tham gia gy ri lon lao ng, bo ng hoc ni dy ca dn chng; + Bt k k khng b no hoc ngi no hnh ng v mc ch chnh tr; + Tn tht chung v chi ph cu nn. - Thi hn bo him: ging nh cc iu kin bo him A, B, C b) SRCC: iu kin bo him ri ro nh cng - Ri ro c bo him: mt mt, h hng ca i tng bo him do: + Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi ngha hoc xung t dn s pht sinh t nhng bin c hoc bt k hnh ng th ch no gy ra bi hay chng li mt th lc tham chin; + B chim ot, b tch thu, b bt, b kim ch hoc b gi li pht sinh t nhng bin c ni trn v hu qu ca chng hoc m mu tin hnh nhng hot ng ; + mn, ng li, bom hoc cc v kh chin tranh khc cn st li; + ng gp tn tht chung.

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- Thi hn bo him: Bo him ny ch c hiu lc khi ton b i tng bo him hoc mt phn c xp ln tu bin v kt thc khi: + i tng bo him hoc mt phn c d khi tu bin ti cng d hoc ni d hng cui cng, hoc + Ht hn 15 ngy k t na m ca ngy tu n cng noi d hng cui cng, ty trng hp no xy ra trc. Tuy nhin, nu ti cng d cui cng, tu li chy tip khng d hng th bo him li tip tc c hiu lc vo c tu chy, vi iu kin phi thng bo ngay cho ngi bo him v np ph bo him cho ngi bo him, v bo him li kt thc khi i tng bo him hoc mt phn c d khi tu bin ti cng hoc ni d hng cui cng khc hoc khi ht hn 15 ngy k t na m ngy tu n cng cui cng, ty theo trng hp no xy ra trc. Nu trong hnh trnh bo him, tu gh vo mt cng hoc mt ni dc ng d hng, chuyn ti sang tu bin khc hoc my bay, hoc hng ha c d khi tu ti cng hoc lnh nn th ph thuc vo vic np thm ph bo him nu c yu cu, bo him ny s tip tc c hiu lc cho n khi ht hn 15 ngy, k t na m ngy tu n cng hoc ni v sau li tip tc c hiu lc k t khi hng ha hoc mt phn c xp xung tu bin hoc my bay ch tip. Trong thi hn 15 ngy ny, bo him ch c hiu lc sau khi d hng nu i tng bo him vn ti cng hoc ni chuyn ti. i vi cc ri ro nh mn, ng li ni hoc chm th bo him ny m rng ra c trng hp khi i tng bo him cn trn x lan vn chuyn n tu hoc t tu vo b, nhng trong mi trng hp khng vt qu thi hn 60 ngy k t ngy hng c d khi tu tr phi c tha thun c bit khc. Cu 20. Trnh by i u khon bo him t kho n kho trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin Tr li: - Quy nh trong iu khon hnh trnh: ngi bo him chu trch nhim i vi hng ho t kho n kho - Transit Clause: from warehouse to warehouse - Qung ng t cng n n kho n: bo him chu trch nhim trong vng 60 ngy - Bo him s ht hiu lc tu thuc vo mt trong 2 iu kin: + Hng c cho vo kho an ton (khng cn ch n ht 60 ngy na) + Sau 60 ngy k t khi d hng xong - Kho i: l kho hng ho c ng gi mt cch hon chnh ch xp ln phng tin vn chuyn ng b, ng sng mang ra cng bin hoc l kho c ghi tn trn hp ng bo him - Kho n: l kho cui cng thuc quyn s hu hoc qun l ca ngi c bo him hoc l kho nm ngoi hnh trnh vn chuyn bnh thng ca tu hoc l kho m hng
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ho c gi nhm n hoc l kho m ngi c bo him dng lm ni lu kho, lu bi hay phn phi hng ho hay l kho c ghi tn trn hp ng bo him Cu 21. Cc loi hp ng bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. c: trang 50-53 SGT Tr li: a) Hp ng bo him chuyn (Voyage Policy): l hp ng bo him mt chuyn hng hoc mt l hng c vn chuyn t mt ni ny n mt ni khc ghi trn hp ng bo him. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo hp ng bo him chuyn bt u v kt thc theo iu khon t kho n kho - Hiu lc: lun tun theo iu khon t kho n kho - Ch c gi tr i vi tng chuyn hng - c th hin bng n bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him n bo him: ni dung gm 2 mt: - Mt 1: ghi cc chi tit v hng ho, tu, hnh trnh, ngi bo him v ngi c bo him: + Tn, a ch ca ngi bo him v ngi c bo him + Tn hng, s lng, trng lng, s vn n + Tn tu, ngy khi hnh + Cng i, cng n, cng chuyn ti + Gi tr bo him, s tin bo him + iu kin bo him + T l ph bo him, ph bo him + Ni v c quan gim nh tn tht + Ni v cch thc bi thng + Ngy, thng, ch k ca cng ty bo him - Mt 2: in sn Quy tc, th l ca cng ty bo him Giy chng nhn bo him: l mt n bo him vn tt, ch c ni dung nh mt 1 ca n bo him thanh ton theo phng thc tn dng chng t, ngy ghi trn n bo him hoc Giy chng nhn bo him khng c mun hn ngy xp hng ln tu hoc ngy nhn hng ch, loi tin phi ging loi tin trong th tn dng tr phi c quy nh khc. Khi xut trnh thanh ton, phi xut trnh trn b (full set) hoc mt bn gc duy nht (a sole original) cho ngn hng. b) Hp ng bo him bao (Floating Policy): l hp ng dng bo him cho nhiu chuyn, nhiu l hng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, thng l mt nm. Trong loi ny, hai bn ch tha thun nhng vn chung nht nh: tn hng c bo him, loi tu ch hng, cch tnh gi tr bo him, s tin bo him ti a cho mi
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chuyn v iu kin bo him, cch thanh ton ph bo him v tin bi thng, cp chng t bo him C gi tr t ng linh hot, gip gim c thi gian v chi ph m phn v trnh c vic qun khng k hp ng bo him c) Hp ng bo him nh gi (Valued Policy): l loi hp ng khi k ngi ta ghi r tr gi hoc s tin bo him ca hp ng bo him d) Hp ng bo him khng nh gi (Unvalued Policy): l loi hp ng khi k kt ngi ta khng ghi r s tin bo him hay gi tr bo him m ch nu ra nguyn tc tnh s tin hay gi tr bo him: cn c vo gi tr hng ho bn n vo ngy tu n hoc ngy tu ng k phi n hoc tr gi hng ho lc xy ra tn tht, lc bi thng hoc lc chp nhn bi thng Vit Nam: khng s dng hp ng bo him khng nh gi Cu 22. Mt l hng phn bn, ch hng ch mun bo him hng b t nc bin. Bn t vn cho ch hng nn mua bo him nh th nao? Hy gii thch? Tr li: Ch hng nn mua bo him theo iu kin B. Gii thch: Trong 3 K BH A, B, C theo ICC 1982 v QTC 1990 th: + K C vi 7 trng hp c bi thng cha bao gm trng hp hng ha b t nc bin +K B bo him trong 11 trng hp, trong c bao gm trng hp hng ha b t nc bin (c th: Nc bin, nc sng, nc h trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan, phng tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng) + K A vi 12 trng hp bo him cng c bao gm trng hp hng ha b t nc bin, tuy nhin ph bo him cu K A cao hn K B => ko cn thit. Cu 23. Ri ro cp bin c bo him nh th nao trong bao hi m hang hoa chuyn ch b ng ng bi n? Tr li: ICC 1963 khng bo him ri ro cp bin, n c coi nh l ri ro chin tranh nn phi mua bo him ring theo iu kin WR (war risk). QTC 1965 cha cp n K bo him WR nn ri ro cp bin cha c bo him. ICC 1982 v QTC 1990 quy nh bo him ri ro cp bin theo K A. Cu 24. So snh n bo him v giy chng nhn bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin ?

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Tr li : - n bo him: ni dung gm 2 mt: + Mt 1: ghi cc chi tit v hng ho, tu, hnh trnh, ngi bo him v ngi c bo him: Tn, a ch ca ngi bo him v ngi c bo him Tn hng, s lng, trng lng, s vn n Tn tu, ngy khi hnh Cng i, cng n, cng chuyn ti Gi tr bo him, s tin bo him iu kin bo him T l ph bo him, ph bo him Ni v c quan gim nh tn tht Ni v cch thc bi thng Ngy, thng, ch k ca cng ty bo him + Mt 2: in sn Quy tc, th l ca cng ty bo him - Giy chng nhn bo him: l mt n bo him vn tt, ch c ni dung nh mt ca n bo him Cu 25: Trnh by b h s khiu ni ngi BH trong BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. Tr li: H s khiu ni: Phi chng minh c: - Ngi khiu ni c li ch bo him - Hng ho c bo him Tn tht thuc mt ri ro c bo him Gi tr bo him, s tin bo him Mc tn tht S tin i bi thng m bo c nguyn tc th quyn

Gm cc giy t sau: - n khiu ni c ghi r s tin bi thng ca cc bn - n bo him (Insurance Policy) hoc giy chng nhn bo him (Certificate of Insurance) hoc hp ng bo him gc B/L bn gc v Hp ng thu tu (C/P) nu c Ho n thng mi,( bn chnh) Ho n v cc chi ph khc, nu c Khng ngh hng hi (Sea Protest)
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Nht k hng hi (Log Book) Bng tnh tin bi thng ca cc bn Giy chng nhn trng lng, s lng Phiu ng gi (Packing list) (Bn chnh) Vn bn giy t lin quan n vic i ngi th 3 bi thng v tr li ca h, nu c; Khng ngh hng hi hoc (Sea protest ) hoc Nht k hng hi (Log Book) Bin bn gim nh (Survey Report) Bin bn hng v h hng/ Bin bn d hng (COR) Bin bn hng v h hng do Cng gy nn; Th d khng (Letter of Reservation) trong trng hp tn tht khng r rt.

Nu i bi thng hng ha b h hng, v, thiu ht, gim phm cht:

Nu i bi thng hng thiu nguyn kin: - Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (ROROC) - Giy chng nhn hng thiu (CSC), do i l tu bin cp; Kt ton li (Correction sheet) ca cng, nu c. Vn bn tuyn b tn tht chung ca Thuyn trng (g/a declaration letter); Bn tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung (General Average Adjustment) ca l ton s (GA adjuster); Cc vn bn c lin quan khc nh Valuation Form, average Bond, Average Nu i bi thng tn tht chung:

Guarantee Note: Trong slide ca c H, tt c giy t c gp chung vo 1 b h s, nhng trong sch c phn ra trng hp c th. Cu 26: Cc nguyn tc bi thng trong vn chuyn hng ha bng ng bin. Tr li: - Nguyn tc tnh ton tin bi thng tn tht ti cc cng ty bo him Vit nam: +) Bi thng bng tin ch khng bng hin vt; nu khng c tho thun no khc th np ph bo him bng ng tin no c bi thng bng ng tin +) V nguyn tc, trch nhim ca ngi bo him ch gii hn trong phm vi s tin bo him nhng khi cng thm cc chi ph hp l khc (chi ph cu h, chi ph gim nh, chi ph nh gi v bn li hng ho tn tht, chi ph i ngi th 3 bi thng, tin ng gp tn tht chung) lm s tin bi thng vt qu s tin bo him th cng ty bo him vn phi bi thng +) Khi thanh ton tin bi thng, ngi bo him c th khu tr nhng khon thu nhp ca ngi c bo him trong vic bn hng v i bi thng t ngi th ba
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Cu 27: Bo him thn tu l g? i tng bo him trong bo him thn tu? S cn thit ca bo him thn tu. Tr li: Bo him thn tu l bo him i vi nhng ri ro vt cht xy ra i vi v tu, my mc v thit b trn tu ng thi bo him cc ph, cc chi ph hot ng ca tu v mt phn trch nhim ca ch tu phi chu trong trng hp 2 tu m va nhau. i tng bo him trong bo him thn tu l: v tu, my mc thit b, cc ph hot ng v mt phn trch nhim trong v tu m va nhau (thng l trch nhim m va) S cn thit ca bo him thn tu: - Tu c trng ti v dung tch ln, thi gian hot ng ko di, d b nh hng bi thin tai, tai nn bt ng trn bin - Tr gi ca v tu rt ln nn cc ch tu thng ng trc nhng nguy c ln - Ngy nay cc con tu c trang b rt hin i => kh khc phc c cc s c trn bin => kh nng ri ro b dng hnh trnh l rt ln => tn tht ln - Nguy c thu th on c hnh vi c - Hot ng ca con tu trn bin trong qu trnh khai thc rt d gy tn tht cho ngi khc v ch tu phi chu trch nhim i vi nhng tn tht Cu 28: Cc loi hp ng bo him thn tu? S khc nhau gia cc loi hp ng ny? Tr li: Bo him thi hn thn tu- Time Hull Insurance: l vic bo him thn tu trong mt thi hn nht nh, thng l 12 thng hoc t hn v phi c ghi r trong hp ng. Thi hn bt u v kt thc cng phi quy nh c th. Bo him chi ph thn tu- Hull Disbursement Insurance: l loi hnh bo him cc chi ph ca mt con tu trong mt hnh trnh: trang thit b, vt phm cung ng, tin lng ng trc cho s quan thu th. Bo him chuyn- Voyage insurance: l bo him con tu trong mt hnh trnh t mt cng ny n mt cng khc (at and from) hoc bo him cho mt chuyn kh hi (round trip)=> s dng bo him cho tu ng mi XK hoc tu i sa cha hoc bn tu Bo him ri ro ngi ng tu- Builders Risks Insurance: ngi mua bo him l nhng ngi ng tu, bo him cho con tu t lc bt u ng cho n khi giao xong, khng ch bo him vt cht thn tu m cn bo him cho nhng vn

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khc nh: bo him gin on sn xut, bo him li d tnh, bo him cho cng nhn ng tu, bo him ting n Bo him ri ro sa cha tu- Repairing Risks Insurance: ngi mua bo him l ch tu bo him cho nhng ri ro pht sinh trong qa trnh sa cha tu m nhng ri ro ny li khng c bo him trong hp ng bo him thi hn thn tu Bo him ri ro ngi sa cha tu- Repairers Risks Insurance: ngi mua bo him l ngi sa cha tu bo him cho nhng thit b b tn tht Bo him chi ph sa cha tu- Repairing Expenses Insurance: bo him cho cc chi ph pht sinh trong qu trnh sa cha tu Cu 29: Phm vi trch nhim bo him v mt khng gian v thi gian i vi tng loi hp ng bo him thn tu. Tr li: Hp ng bo him thi hn: bo him bt u c hiu lc t 24h ca ngy k kt n ht 24h ca ngy c hiu lc. Khi nim gi do hai bn tho thun, c th l gi a phng hoc gi quc t

Nu n ht 24h ca ngy ht thi hn m tu cha v n cng th s ch cho n khi tu neo u an ton ti mt cng no hoc cng n (ch tu phi np thm ph bo him cho thi hn ko di) - Hp ng bo him chuyn: bo him c hiu lc t khi tu nh neo v kt thc sau 24h khi tu th neo an ton ch d hng cng n Bo him chuyn cng kt thc hiu lc khi: - Tu thay i cp hng hoc cng ty ng kim - Tu i chch hng m khng c l do chnh ng Thay i v ch quyn, quc k, quyn qun l, cho thu hoc b trng dng

Cu 30: Cc ri ro c bo him theo iu kin bo him ca ITC 1995 Tr li: Cc ri ro c bo him theo iu kin c bo him ca ITC 1995 a. Bo him ny s bo him cho nhng tn tht hoc thit hi ca i tng bo him, gy ra bi: - Tai ha ca bin, sng h, hoc cc vng nc khc; Chy, n; Trm cp t ngoi tu; Vt hng xung bin; Cp bin; m va phi phng tin vn chuyn ni a, cu cng hoc cc thit b ca cng;
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ng t, ni la phun, st nh;

- Tai nn trong vic xp, d hoc di chuyn hng ha hoc nhin liu. b. V cc ri ro sau y: N ni hi, gy trc hoc cc n t trong my mc v v tu; S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th hoc hoa tiu; S sut ca ngi sa cha, ngi thu tu vi iu ngi sa cha hoc thu tu khng phi l ngi c bo him; Ph hoi ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th; m va phi my bay hoc cc vt th ri t my bay.

Vi iu kin l cc tn tht, thit hi ni trn khng do s thiu cn mn ca ngi c bo him, ngi qun l tu gy nn. Cu 31: Ni dung ca cc iu kin bo him thn tu theo ITC 1995. Tr li: ITC 1995 ch a ra cc quy nh chung v bo him thn tu ch khng cp c th n cc iu kin bo him, cc cng ty bo him phi cn c vo ni dung ca ITC a ra mt s iu kin bo him thn tu cc ch tu c th la chn khi i mua bo him: iu kin 1: TLO- Total Loss Only: iu kin ch bo him tn tht ton b iu kin 2: FOD- Free of Damage Absolutely: iu kin loi tr tuyt i tn tht b phn iu kin 3: FPA- Free from Particular Average: iu kin min tn tht ring iu kin 4: ITC Institute Time Clause: iu kin bo him thi hn thn tu iu kin 5: IVC- FPA: Institute Voyage Clause- FPA Absolutely: iu kin bo him loi tr tuyt i tn tht ring v chuyn iu kin 6: Port Risks- iu kin bo him ri ro cng iu kin 7: Building and Construction Clause- iu kin bo him xy dng v kin thit tu. TLO X X X FOD X X X X X X FPA X X X X X X X ITC X X X X X X X

Cc trng hp c bo him 1. Tn tht ton b thc t 2. Tn tht ton b c tnh 3. Chi ph cu nn 4. Chi ph khiu ni t tng v phnghn ch tn tht. 5. Chi ph trch nhim m va 6. Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung 7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn mt s b phn
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d tho ri, d h hng 8. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu ho hoc m va vi tu khc 9. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc (7) 10. Tn tht ring, tn tht ton b khng gii hn mc (8) Cu 32: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him tn tht ton b TLO ITC 1995 Tr li: Ri ro c bo him: a. Bo him ny s bo him cho nhng tn tht hoc thit hi ca i tng bo him, gy ra bi: b. Tai ha ca bin, sng h, hoc cc vng nc khc; Chy, n; Trm cp t ngoi tu; Vt hng xung bin; Cp bin; m va phi phng tin vn chuyn ni a, cu cng hoc cc thit b ca cng; ng t, ni la phun, st nh; Tai nn trong vic xp, d hoc di chuyn hng ha hoc nhin liu. V cc ri ro sau y: N ni hi, gy trc hoc cc n t trong my mc v v tu; S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th hoc hoa tiu; X X

X X

S sut ca ngi sa cha, ngi thu tu vi iu ngi sa cha hoc thu tu khng phi l ngi c bo him; - Ph hoi ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th; - m va phi my bay hoc cc vt th ri t my bay. Vi iu kin l cc tn tht, thit hi ni trn khng do s thiu cn mn ca ngi c bo him, ch tu, ngi qun l hoc bt k i din qun l no ca h trn b. Cu nn (Salvage): bo him ny bi thng phn ca tu v cu h, cu nn b gim do bo him di gi tr. nhim du (Pollution Hazard ): Bo him ny cng bo him tn tht ton b (thc t hay c tnh) ca tu bt ngun t hnh ng ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn nhm ngn nga hoc gim thiu nhim hoc thit hi cho mi trng pht sinh trc tip t cc h hng ca tu thuc ri ro c bo him theo bao him ny, vi iu kin l nhng hnh ng ca cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn
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nh vy ko phi l do s thiu cn mn hp l ca ngi c bo him, ch tu hoc ngi qun l tu trong vic ngn nga hoc gim thiu nhim. Cu 33: Ni dung iu kin tn tht b phn FODabs ITC 1995. Tr li: Bo him ny bi thng cho tn tht ca i tng bo him trc tip gy ra bi: Tai nn trong vic xp, d hoc di chuyn hng ha hoc nhin liu; N trn tu hoc ni khc; N hay tai nn i vi l phn ng ht nhn trn tu hay ni khc; N ni hi, gy trc hoc n t trong my mc hay v tu; S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan hoc thy th hoc hoa tiu trn tu; S sut ca ngi sa cha vi iu kin ngi sa cha khng phi l ngi c bo him; m va phi my bay; m va phi phng tin vn chuyn ng b, cu cng hay thit b ca cng; ng t, ni la phun, st nh.

Vi iu kin tn tht ni trn khng phi do s thiu cn mn hp l ca ngi c bo him, ch tu ngi qun l tu hoc bt k ngi qun l no ca h trn b. - Chi ph bo tn v t tng, cu nn (Sue and labour expenses, Salvage charges) - Trch nhim m va; - ng gp tn tht chung. Cu 34: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht ring FPAabs ITC 1995. Tr li: FPA Free from Particular Average Absolute Theo iu kin bo him ny, ngi bo him tuyt i khng bi thng tn tht ring l tn tht b phn v cc khiu ni v tn tht chung lin quan n thit hi ca v tu, nhng s bi thng: - Phn ng gp ca tu v tn thy chung lin quan n thit hi ca thit b my mc, ni hi, neo, my mc, ni hi ph, ti, cn cu, my quay neo, my lnh, h thng n in, ct dy bum, - Tn thy b phn trong trng hp cu ha hoc m va vi tu khc khi cu nn Cu 35: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him mi ri ro AR ITC 1995. Tr li: 1. Ri ro c bo him:

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c. Bo him ny s bo him cho nhng tn tht hoc thit hi ca i tng bo him, gy ra bi: Tai ha ca bin, sng h, hoc cc vng nc khc; Chy, n; Trm cp t ngoi tu; Vt hng xung bin; Cp bin; m va phi phng tin vn chuyn ni a, cu cng hoc cc thit b ca cng; ng t, ni la phun, st nh; Tai nn trong vic xp, d hoc di chuyn hng ha hoc nhin liu.

d. V cc ri ro sau y: - N ni hi, gy trc hoc cc n t trong my mc v v tu; - S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th hoc hoa tiu; S sut ca ngi sa cha, ngi thu tu vi iu ngi sa cha hoc thu tu khng phi l ngi c bo him; Ph hoi ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th;

- m va phi my bay hoc cc vt th ri t my bay. Vi iu kin l cc tn tht, thit hi ni trn khng do s thiu cn mn ca ngi c bo him, ch tu, ngi qun l hoc bt k i din qun l no ca h trn b. 2. Cu nn (Salvage): bo him ny bi thng phn ca tu v cu h, cu nn b gim do bo him di gi tr. 3. nhim du (Pollution Hazard ): Bo him ny cng bo him tn tht ton b (thc t hay c tnh) ca tu bt ngun t hnh ng ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn nhm ngn nga hoc gim thiu nhim hoc thit hi cho mi trng pht sinh trc tip t cc h hng ca tu thuc ri ro c bo him theo bao him ny, vi iu kin l nhng hnh ng ca cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn nh vy ko phi l do s thiu cn mn hp l ca ngi c bo him, ch tu hoc ngi qun l tu trong vic ngn nga hoc gim thiu nhim. 4. Trch nhim do tu m va nhau: a. Ngi bo him chp nhn bi thng s tin ngi c bo him phi bi thng cho mt hay nhiu ngi khc, m theo qui nh ca lut php, ngi c bo him phi chu trch nhim v: - Mt mt hoc h hng ca tu khc hoc ca ti sn trn tu . - Chm tr hoc mt tc dng cho tu khc hoc ti sn trn tu . Tn tht chung hay cu nn/cu h theo hp ng ca tu khc hay ti sn trn m ngi c bo him phi tr cho tu c bo him m va vo bt k tu no. b. Nguyn tc: Khi tu c bo him m va phi tu khc v c hai cng c li th, tr khi trch nhim ca c hai b gii hn bi lut php nu ko vic bi thng theo iu khon
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ny s c tnh tonas trn c s nguyn tc trch nhim cho (cross-liability). C th l cc ch tu phi b thng cho nhau ton b thit hi ca bn kia m khng khu tr i s tin chnh lch. Trong mi trng hp tng trch nhim ca ngi bo him trong mt v m va khng vt qu gi tr bo him ca tu. 5. Tn tht chung v chi ph cu nn Bo him ny bo him phn chi ph cu nn, cu h v/hoc tn tht chung ca tu c gim tr v bo him di gi tr nhng trong trng hp hy sinh tn tht chung ca tu, ngi c bo him s c bi thng ton b thit hi m khng cn phi c chng nhn ng gp ca cc quyn li khc; Vic gii quyt vn tn tht chung phi theo lut l, tp qun ca ni kt thc hnh trnh, nu hp ng vn ti khng c qui nh c bit khac. Nu hp ng qui nh phi gii quyt theo Quy tc York-Antwerp th phi p dng theo quy tc ny. Khi tu chy khng hng, khng theo hp ng th nhng quy nh ca Quy tc York-Antwerp 1994 (tr quy tc XI(D), XX v XXI) s p dng, v hnh trnh ca tu s coi nh tip tc t ni khi hnh cho n khi tu n cng u tin m cng khng phi l cng lnh nn hay l cng ly du. 6. Cam kt bo him chi ph hot ng ca tu (Disbursements Warranty) Ngi bo him c th nhn bo him thm cc chi ph v cc khon tin sau y: Cc chi ph hot ng ca tu, hoa hng ca ngi qun l, tin li, tin vt qu hoc gi tr tng thm ca v tu v my mc, nhng tt c cc khon ny khng c vt qu 25% gi tr ca hp ng ny; Tin cc, tin thu tu, tin thu tu theo thi hn, nhng khng vt qu 25% gi tr ca hp ng ny sau khi tr i 25% ni trn (nu c); Tin cc hoc tin thu tu chuyn; Tin cc ng trc ca tu chy khng c hng v khng theo hp ng; Tin thu tu ca nhiu chuyn; Ph bo him; (???????????) Ph bo him hon li Chi ph bo tn v t tng (Sue and labour Expenses) Ngi bo him phi bi hon: Chi ph cn thit, hp l ngn nga, lm gim tn tht; Chi ph thc hin hoc bo lu quyn khiu ni i vi ngi th ba; Chi ph bo v quyn li ca mnh trc mt v kin.

7. -

8. Hon li ph bo him do tu nm x hay do hy hp ng: Ph bo him s c hon tr, nh sau: - Theo t l i vi mi thng cha bt u bo him, nu bo him ny b hy b do tha thun;
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Khi tu b nm x trong thi hn 30 ngy lin tc trong cng hay trong khu vc

c ngi bo him chp nhn. 9. Ri ro loi tr a. Loi tr ri ro chin tranh (War Exclusion): chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, khi ngha; b chim ot, b tch thu, b bt (tr ph hoi ca thuyn vin v cp bin); mn, thy li, bom b. Loi tr cc ri ro nh cng (Strikes Exclusion): ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng, bn khng b c. Loi tr cc hnh ng c (Malicious Acts Exclusion): do cc v n hoc do cc v kh chin tranh khc gy ra bi bt k ngi no c hnh ng c hoc v ng c chnh tr; d. Loi tr ri ro phng x, ht nhn (Radioactive Contamination Exclusion): Trong mi trng hp, bo him ny s khng bo him nhng tn tht, thit hi hoc chi ph trc tip hoc gin tip gy ra, bi hoc pht sinh t: Tia i-on ha do hot ng phng x ca vic s dng nhin liu ht nhn, cht thi ht nhn hay n ht nhn; Vic nhim x, cht c, cht n hay nhng cht c hi khc pht sinh do vic lp t cc l phn ng ht nhn;

Bt k v kh chin tranh no c s dng nng lng nguyn t hay ht nhn v/ hoc phn ng phn-nhit hch hoc phn ng tng t sc phng x hay cht phng x; e. Cc ri ro loi tr khc: - C quan ng kim thay i cp hng hoc cp hng b b; - Khi tu chy ngoi phm vi kinh doanh quy nh, ngoi thi hn quy nh (i vi bo him theo thi hn) hoc tu chy theo tuyn khng bnh thng hay i chch ng hoc thay i hnh trnh (i vi bo him chuyn); - Khi c thay i ch tu hoc ngi thu tu nh hn; - Khi cu trc tu c thay i ln; - Khi tu chy vo vng c chin tranh, chin s hay c thu phc v cho chin tranh, cho mc ch qun s; - Hnh ng c hoc s sut ca ngi mua bo him, ngi c bo him hoc i l; - Tu khng kh nng i bin ngay t lc khi hnh; do tui ca tu hoc thi gian s dng; bc ln tu nhng cht hoc nhng hng ha nguy him, nu ngi c bo him bit nhng ngi bo him li ko bit vic . Cu 36: Khi tai nn m va xy ra, ngi bo him thn tu phi c trch nhim i vi cc tn tht thit hi no ca tu c bo him. Tr li:
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Khi tai nn m va xy ra, ngi bo him thn tu phi c trch nhim i vi con tu c bo him l: - Ngi bo him ch chu trch nhim v tn tht vt cht ca chnh con tu c bo him, gi tt l tn tht m gm: v tu, my mc, trang thit b. Bo him thn tu khng chi trch nhim v thit hi kinh doanh ca tu c bo him, thit hi v hng ha chuyn ch v thit hi v ngi.

Cu 37: Phn tich va cho v d minh ha v phn trch nhim m ch hng phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li. c bi thng cho tn tht ny, ch hng phi tham gia iu kin bo him no? Tr li: Hai tu m va cng c li: ch hng chu tn tht i vi hng do tai nn m va gy nn v trch nhim theo iu khon hai tu m va cng c li quy nh trong hp ng chuyn ch gia ch hng v ngi chuyn ch. iu khon hai tu m va cng c li: Nu tu ny m va vo vi con tu khc do hu qu ca s bt cn ca con tu kia v do hnh vi s sut, sai st trong hnh hi hay qun l tu ca thuyn trng, thuyn vin, hoa tiu, hay ngi lm thu cho Ch tu, ch hng trn tu ny s cam kt min trch nhim cho Ch tu i vi tt c cc tn tht hoc trch nhim i vi tu kia hoc ch con tu y, trong chng mc nhng tn tht v trch nhim ny tng ng vi tn tht, thit hi, hay khiu ni c bn th ba, tu kia hoc ch con tu tr hoc cam kt tr cho ch hng ny, ng thi c tu hoc ch tu kia gii quyt, khu tr, bi hon nh l mt phn trong khiu ni ca ch tu y i vi tu hoc ch tu ny. Cc iu khon ni trn cng s p dng khi li lin quan n v m va thuc v ch tu, ngi khai thc, hay ngi qun l ca tu hoc i tng b m va. V d: 2 tu A, B m va nhau. Cc s liu sau khi gim nh nh sau: A T l li Thit hi tu Thit hi hng TA HA B TB HB

Bo him hng A bi thng cho hng A l: - Tn tht do m va hng HA (nu ch hng A i i bo him) - Khon gnh chu theo iu khon m va cng c li (nu hng A i i tu B v bt tu B phi tr HA cho mnh). Ch hng A i tu B, tu B tr cho ch hng A khon HA, sau quay sang i tu A v tu A c li trong tn tht HA . Tu A
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tr cho tu B HA, nhng sau li i ch hng A khon HA ny v tu A vn khng phi bi thng cho hng A b thit hi. V vy, ch hng A nhn HA t tu B, nhng phi tr HA cho ch tu A. Nu c bo him, th khon HA ny s do bo him thay mt tr. Cu 38: Gii thch Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li. Tr li: Gii hn trch nhim ca ch tu trong tai Vn n do tu A (ngi chuyn ch) k cho ch hng A. Trong qua trnh vn chuyn, tu A v tu B xy ra tai nn m va s xy ra trng hp 2 tu cng c li. Khi s c thit hi i vi hng ca A, nhng ch hng A li ko th i i tu A c,v ch c th i tu B. tu B bi thng cho hng A ton b thit hi hng, song li i tu A phn trch nhim m va ca h i vi hng A. Tu A tr cho tu B phn trch nhim ny, sau i li hng A phn trch nhim m va (v vn d tu A ko phi tr nhng g lin quan ti hng A). Vi iu khon trn trn vn n, phn trch nhim m va s do ngi c bo him tr cho tu A thay cho ch hng A. Cu 39: Tn tht ca hng ha do tu chuyn ch hng m va vo tu khc m c hai tu u c li s c bi thng nh th nao? Cho v d minh ha. Tr li: /a 1: (copy t bi tiu lun) Thc t trong tai nn m va, ngoi s tham gia ca ngi bo him hng ha cn c s tham gia ca cc loi hnh bo him khc nh bo him thn tu, bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu (P&I). c bit trong trng hp hai tu m va cng c li, nu tu mua bo him thn tu v/ hoc bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu, th s c bo him bi thng tn tht trong tai nn m va, trong c tn tht i vi hng ha. Do , v phn bo him hng ha s bi thng cho ch hng theo hai trng hp sau: i vi hng ha cha c bi thng, bo him bi thng cho ch hng hai khon: - Tn tht do m va trong mi trng hp - Khon ch hng phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m va cng c li trong hp ng chuyn ch. i vi hng ha c bi thng, bo him bi thng cho ch hng hai khon: - Tn tht do m va cha c bi thng ht - Khon ch hng phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m va cng c li trong hp ng chuyn ch /a 2: T phn tr li ca K46

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Cu hi: Tn tht ca hng ha do tu c bo him m va tu khc m c hai tu cng c li s c bi thng bi nhng ngi no? Ti sao? Cho v d minh ha 1. Tn tht ca hng ha: Trn tu b m va: s c th bi thng bi: Ch tu c bo him: v c hai tu u c li. Khon ny c bi thng gin tip bi cc ch th sau + Cng ty bo him ca tu c bo him: V ri ro m va theo iu khon 2 tu m va cng c li l loi ri ro c bo him trong bo him thn tu. + P&I ca tu c bo him (trong trng hp tu c bo him tham gia vo hi P&I) hi s chu nt phn trch nhim m va cn li ca ch tu, trong c mt phn trch nhim vi hng ha trn tu b m. Cng ty bo him ca hng ha : (trong trng hp hng ha c mua bo him) v ri ro m va l mt ri ro c bn lun c bo him trong mi

loi iu kin hng ha Trn tu c bo him: s c th c bi thng bi: Ch tu b m va: + Cng ty bo him ca tu b m va + P&I ca tu b m va Cng ty bo him ca hng ha

2. V d Tu A c bo him ngang gi tr, m va vi tu B, li mi bn 50%. Tn tht tu A l 10000$, tn tht hng trn tu A la 4000$, tn tht tu B l 20000$, hng trn tu B l 8000$. Khi : Hng trn tu B s c bi thng nh sau: + Tu A bi thng: 50%. 8000= 4000$ Trong : Bo him tu A ng gp * 4000= 3000$ Tu A t chu hoc hi P&I ca tu A chu thay * 4000= 1000$ + Bo him ca hng ha tu B bi thng ( Trng hp hng ha c mua BH) 50%* 8000= 4000$ Hng trn tu A c bi thng nh sau: + Tu B bi thng: 50%. 4000= 2000$ Trong : Bo him tu B ng gp * 2000= 1500$ Tu B t chu hoc hi P&I ca tu B chu thay * 2000= 500$ + Bo him ca hng ha tu B bi thng ( Trng hp hng ha c mua BH) 50%* 4000= 2000$
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Note: Cu 37, 38, 39 tham kho t cu tr li ca cc anh ch K46. Anh cng ko bit gii thch th no :-? V tham kho t bi tiu lun nhm 20. Cu 40: Theo nguyn tc trch nhim cho, cc ch tu s chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht thit hi cho nhau nh th no? Cho v d minh ha. Tr li: iu kin gii quyt trch nhim m va theo trch nhim cho l: C hai tu cng c li v gy tn tht cho nhau C hai tu u khng dnh c quyn gii hn trch nhim Theo nguyn tc trch nhim cho, ch tu ny s phi bi thng cho ch tu kia mt t l tn tht m tu kia phi chu. T l ny c xc nh bng t l li ca mi tu c ta n phn nh trong v tai nn m va V d: Tu A v tu B m va nhau, 2 tu cng c li, theo gim nh th mi tu c li 50%. C hai tu u mua bo him thn tu ngang gi tr theo iu kin ITC. Thit hi cc bn nh sau: Thit hi Tu A Tu B Thn tu 10.000 USD 20.000 USD Kinh doanh 4.000 USD 8.000 USD Tng thit hi 14.000 USD 28.000 USD

Bc 1: xc nh TNDS pht sinh ca cc ch tu TNDS ca ch tu A i vi ch tu B: 28.000 x 50% = 14.000 USD TNDS ca ch tu B i vi ch tu A: 14.000 x 50% = 7.000 USD Bc 2: xc nh s tin phi bi thng ca bo him thn tu cho cc ch tu BH bi thng cho ch tu A: 10.000 + ( 14.000) = 20.500 USD BH bi thng cho ch tu B: 20.000 + (7.000) = 25.250 USD Bc 3: xc nh s tin BH thn tu i li cc ch tu do trch nhim cho A n B: 7.000 x ( 10.000/14.000) = 5.000 USD B n A: 14.000 x ( 20.000/28.000) = 10.000 USD Bc 4: xc nh s tin bi thng thc t ca BH thn tu cho cc ch tu: BH bi thng thc t cho A: 20.500 5.000 = 15.500 USD Bh bi thng thc t cho B: 25.250 10.000 = 15.250 USD Bc 5: xc inh thit hi cc ch tu t chu
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Ch tu A: Thit hi kinh doanh: 4.000 2.000 = 2.000 USD Thit hi TNDS: x 14.000 = 3.500 USD Tng thit hi: 2.000 + 3.500 = 5.500 USD Ch tu B: Thit hi kinh doanh: 8.000 4.000 = 4.000 USD Thit hi TNDS: x 7.000 = 1.750 USD Tng thit hi : 5.750 USD Cu 41: nh ngha v c im ca bo him P & I? Tr li: nh ngha: P & I l hi bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu, c thnh lp bi chnh nhng ch tu bo v quyn li ca mnh v bo him ln nhau. Mc ch ca hi ny l bo v ( Protection) li ch ca cc ch tu v bi thng ( Indemnity) cho cc ch tu nhng thit hi pht sinh t cc khiu ni ca bn th 3 ch khng nhm mc ch li nhun. c im: + Thnh vin tham gia hi P&I va l ngi bo him, va l ngi c bo him. + S ph bo him l khng c nh. S ph ny s c Hi phn b da trn s GRT, loi tu, khu vc hot ng v ri ro ca tu m hi vin ng k. + L loi hnh bo him phi li nhun. + T bo him khng chnh xc khi ni v lai hnh bo him ny. + L loi hnh bo him m dng nh khng c gii hn v trch nhim bo him. Cu 42: Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc nhng yu t g? Hon ph bo him trong bo him thn tu c th c hin nh th no? Tr li: Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc vo nhng yu t sau: T l ph bo him do cng ty BH ra Thc t con tu: tui tu, loi tu, c tu, mc ch s dng, trang thit b, thuyn b Vng bin con tu thc hin vic kinh doanh Gi tr BH iu kin BH T l lm pht Tnh hnh i tu Hon ph BH c thc hin trong cc trng hp sau: Hy b hp ng Tm ngng hot ng t 30 ngy lin tc tr ln ( tu vn an ton)
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Cu 43: Phn bit trch nhim ca bo him thn tu v bo him P&I trong tai nn m va ca tu c bo him. Tr li: Trong tai nn m va ca tu c bo him, trch nhim c phn chia nh sau: Bo him thn tu - thit hi vt cht thn tu i vi tu c bo him Bo him P&I - tn tht hng ha chuyn ch trn tu - tn tht v ngi trch nhim m va nh -1/4 trch nhim m va ca lit k sau y, nhng tu c bo him vi tu khng vt qu s tin b m bo him : - phn trch nhim m va - tn tht, thit hi vt cht ln hn s tin bo him ca tu b m - thit hi cc ti sn khc - tn tht, thit hi v ti do tu c BH m va sn, hng ha - thit hi v kinh doanh - tn tht chung, chi ph cu h ca tu b m do tai nn m va gy ra (nu c) Cu 44: Trnh by trch nhi m dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qu trnh kinh doanh khai thc tu. Tr li Cc trch nhim dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qu trnh kinh doanh khai thc con tu ca mnh bao gm: 1. Trch nhim lin quan n con ngi (thy th v hnh khch trn tu) Tr tin lng, tin cng, ph n , thuc men, vin ph, mai tng cho cc thy th Chi ph hi hng , n b cho vic hi hng ca thy th Cc chi ph m bo an ton cho con ngi trn tu 2. Trch nhim m va vi tu hay vt th khc trch nhim m va pht sinh hay phn vt qu s tin bo him trong m va vi tu khc m 2 tu cng c li Cc thit hi v ngi trong tai nn m va Thit hi v nhng ti sn khc ngoi thn tu 3. Trch nhim i vi hng ha chuyn ch trn tu Chm sc chu o hng ho v chu trch nhim v cc tn tht do h hng, mt mt hng ho t khi nhn bc ln tu cho n khi giao cho ngi nhn hng
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i vi tu b m va

Bi thng tn tht hng ha, giao hng chm nu ko chng minh c mnh ko c li 4. Chi ph do gy nhim Cc tn tht h hi do nhim Tin pht do gy nhim hoc chi ph ngn nga, hn ch tn tht 5. Chi ph cho vic x l xc tu m Chi ph v trch nhim pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph hy, nh du, thp sang, thi thot du Cc trch nhim pht sinh t vic xc tu nm ti hoc v tnh b ri i ni khc nu ch tu cha tuyn b t b tu 6. Cc chi ph np pht, chi ph t tng Cc khon pht do khng chp hnh quy tc an ton, ch hng lu, vi phm lut, hnh vi bt cn hoc thiu st ca thuyn b Chi ph t tng trong trng hp thua kin 7. Trch nhim i vi cc tu lai dt Quan tm n an ton chung ca tp th lai dt v an ton hng hi Bi thng nu c li 8. Chu ri ro nh cng, ri ro chin tranh 9. Cc tn tht xy ra do li lm ca thuyn b Cu 45: Trnh bay s hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I v cc nguyn tc hot ng ca hi. Tr li 1. S hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I: S c quyn ca hng bo him Lloyd v mt s hng bo him ln khc London khin cho ph bo him v tu cao qu mc chp nhn c, do cc ch tu phi lin kt li vi nhau, t bo him theo hnh thc tng h nhau, nhm gim ph bo him thn tu, chia s nhng tn tht trong qu trnh qun l v kinh doanh khai thc tu. l tin thn ca hi P&I. Tnh trng c quyn chm dt th mt s ri ro mi cha c bo him hoc cha bo him ht xut hin : - trch nhim m va - Tn tht v con ngi Tr gi thn tu ngy cng ln nn nguy c cc ch tu khng c kh nng b p khi tn tht xy ra cng cao => Hi chuyn sang hot ng v mc ch tng h bo him cho nhng ri ro ni trn Hin nay, hi m rng phm vi bo him ra nhiu ri ro khc cng cha c bo him trong bo him thn tu nh ri ro iu pht, ri ro nhim, 2. Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca hi: 3 nguyn tc c bn
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Nguyn tc tng h : Hi hot ng da trn nguyn tc tng h, cn i thu chi v khng tnh li12 : (5) Tt c cc khon bi thng chi tiu u cho cc hi vin ng gp Khi mt hi vin b tn tht th hi ng ra bi thng , sau phn b cho cc hi vin trn c s dung tch ng k ton phn (s GRT) tham gia ca tng hi vin, loi tu, khu vc hot ng ca tu hi vin v loi ri ro m ch tu ng k tham gia S tin m hi vin ng gp chnh l chi ph ca hi khng bao gm li Mi thnh vin va l ngi c bo him, va l ngi bo him Hi gip cc hi vin v o to cn b, cung cp thng tin Nguyn tc gia nhp hi (4) o Phi vit n xin gia nhp hi o Tu tham gia hi l tu c bo him thn tu o Khi l hi vin th coi nh k mt hp ng bo him vi hi, c hiu lc theo nm ti chnh ca hi ( t 12h ngy 20/2 nm trc n 12h 20/2 nm sau) o Hi vin c th tham gia theo quy tc ca hi, cng c th thm bt cho ph hp vi tng hi vin Nguyn tc ht hn hiu lc (4) o Hi vin b cht, ph sn, mt quyn s hu cng ty, mt nng lc kinh doanh o Tu b bn hoc mt tch o Sau 30 ngy k t ngy hi vin xin ra khi hi o Sau 7 ngy k t ngy tuyn b hy hp ng do li ca hi vin Cu 46: Phn tch nhng im khc nhau c bn ca hi bo him P&I v cc cng ty bo him phi nhn th. Tr li: Cc thnh vin ca hi P&I va l ngi bo him va l ngi c bo him (khi c thnh vin b tn tht th nhng hi vin khc s ng tin gip ).Cn cng ty bo him ch ng vai tr l ngi bo him. Cng ty bo him thu ph bo him theo mc c nh cn Hi P&I thu ph bo him trn c s: khi c thnh vin b tn tht, hi ng ra bi thng sau phn b li cho cc hi vin khc trn c s s GRT, loi tu, khu vc hot ng v ri ro m tu hi vin ng k tham gia. Cng ty bo him hot ng trn mc ch li nhun cn hot ng ca Hi P&I l phi li nhun (cn bng thu chi t nm nghip v).
12

cc hi vin s khng phi np bt c khon no cho n khi c tn tht xy ra vi mt thnh vin trong hi, tr khon nh duy tr hot ng hnh chnh
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Cc nh bo him trn th trng hn ch trch nhim ca mnh mc s tin nhn bo him trong khi trch nhim ca Hi P&I l khng c gii hn, tr trng hp i vi nhim du (ci ny hu qu chc ln qu, hem ni). im khc quan trng nht l Hi P&I hng nm cn t chc gip cc hi vin v o to cn b, cung cp thng tin. Cu 47: Trnh by nhng ri ro c bn thuc nhm bo him P&I. Tr li: Nhng khiu ni v ngi: thy th v hnh khch trn tu, bao gm cc chi ph: + chi ph thuc men, vin ph, mai tng theo hp ng hoc theo php lut. + chi ph hi hng do m, cht, buc phi quay tr li do tu m hoc vi phm k lut. + chi ph tin lng, tin cng cho ngi hi hng trong thi gian hi hng hoc trong thi gian tht nghip do phi hi hng. + cc chi ph pht sinh do tu buc phi i chch hng cu ngi (nhin liu, lng thc, lng thy th, cng ph...). Ri ro m va: bi thng cho c tu m v tu b m. + tu c bo him thn tu: Tn tht v ngi. Tn tht v hng ha chuyn ch trn tu. + tu b m: 1/4 trch nhim ca tu c bo him vi tu b m. Phn trch nhim ca tu c bo him vi tu b m hn 3/4 gi tr thn tu ca c bo him. Thit hi ca cc ti sn khc do tu c bo him m va. Ri ro nhim: Hi chu trch nhim bi thng cho cc chi ph m ch tu phi chu tin hnh phng nga hoc lm gim thiu r r, nhim, tn tht pht sinh, chi ph lm sch v cc chi ph phi chu do tun theo quy nh ca chnh quyn + nhng tn tht v HH v ti sn c chuyn ch trn tu do hi vin mc li gy ra. + cc chi ph xp d bt thng m hi vin phi chu nhng khng i c t pha ngi khc (do hnh ng TTC m tu phi gh qua cng sa cha. Chi ph bc xp hng ra khi tu sa c th k i c t pha ch hng). + phn TTC phn b cho cc ch hng nhng ch tu l hi vin khng i c. + cc chi ph pht sinh nu hng ha c chuyn ch trn tu khc hoc chi ph chuyn ti lu kho lu bi ngoi khu vc cng xp d nhng ch tu hi vin phi chu theo mt vn n ch sut hoc mt hp ng no m ch tu hi vin chp nhn 1. Ri ro di chuyn xc tu:
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+ cc chi ph v trch nhim pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph hy, nh du, thp sng k c vic thi thot du (thy giao dch bo chi ph v trch nhim lun i cng nhau nn t gp 2 li 1) + cc trch nhim m ch tu phi chu do xc tu nm li hoc v tnh b chuyn ri i ni khc nu ch tu cha tuyn b t b tu. 2. Ri ro iu pht: + khng chp hnh quy tc an ton ca mt nc bt k. + ch hng lu + vi phm lut hi quan + vi phm lut kiu dn + vi phm cu trc hay thay i cu trc ca tu + gy nhim (nu cha c bi thng ri ro nhim) + hnh bi bt cn hoc thiu st ca thuyn b ca tu c bo him. - Cc chi ph phng hn cht tn tht. - Cc trch nhim theo mt hp ng nht nh. (v d??) - Cc chi ph bt thng m hi vin phi chu trong qu trnh s hu hoc khai thc khng thuc quy tc ca hi m hi vin li khng i t nhng ngi khc. Cu 48: Trch nhim cua ngi b o him trong bao hi m thn tu s t ng chm dt trong nhng trng hp no? Tr li: Trch nhim bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt trong nhng trng hp sau: 1. Hp ng bo him thn tu ht thi hn hiu lc13 2. Tu c bo him b tn tht ton b 3. Tu thay i cp hng hoc cng ty ng kim14 4. Tu i chch hng m khng c l do chnh ng15
13

thi hn hiu lc vi - HBH thi hn: t 24h ca ngy k n ht 24h ca ngy ht hiu lc. Khi nim gi do 2 bn t tha thun (nu ht 24h ca ngy ht thi hn m tu cha v n cng th s ch cho n khi tu neo u an ton ti mt cng no hoc cng n, ch tu np thm ph cho thi hn ko di) - HBH chuyn : t khi tu nh neo n ht 24h khi tu th neo an ton ch hng cng n 14 Cp hng ca con tu ph thuc vo vic ng kim tu. Tu s c kim tra (ln u :khi ng mi,nhp khu hoc thay i t chc ng kim/ chu k :hng nm, nh k/ hoc bt thng : theo yu cu ca c quan thm quyn nh nc) ng kim v cp hng ng kim m bo tnh hp php ca con tu, cn cp hng lin quan trc tip n gi tr con tu 15 p dng vi bo him chuyn, v n c coi l mt phn ca i tng bo him
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5. Thay i v ch quyn, quc k, quyn qun l, cho thu hoc b trng dng TH 3, 4, 5 da trn nguyn tc li ch bo him: trong nhng TH ny, i tng bo him b thay i nn li ch bo him khng cn na.

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Chng III: Bo him hng khng


Cu 1. Trnh by cc ri ro m ngi bo him thn my bay phi chu trch nhim theo quy tc chung v bo him hng khng nm 1991 ca Vit Nam QTC 1991. Tr li: - Tn tht ton b thc t, tn tht ton b c tnh, tn tht b phn xy ra vi my bay do tai nn bt ng gy ra (k c trng hp b mt tch) trong thi gian c bo - Cc chi ph hp l khn cp m ngi c bo him phi chu nhm m bo an ton cho my bay ngay sau khi b h hng buc phi h cnh ( 10% tr gi thn my bay) - Chi ph gim nh, xc nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him Cu 2. Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l, t trang v hng ha theo QTC 1991. Tr li: - Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him +) Gy thng vong cho hnh khch khi h ang trong my bay hoc ln xung my bay +) Tn tht v hng ho v hnh l trong qu trnh vn chuyn theo phiu hnh l, hng ho hoc vn n hng khng +) Tn tht v hnh l t trang do hnh khch t bo qun n phi dn s v cc chi ph cn thit hp l tha thun bng vn bn vi ngi bo him Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him

Cu 3. Trnh by cc ri ro loi tr chung trong bo him hng khng theo QTC 1991. (slide c H: 10 trng hp, trong sch: 9, ko c ci th 5) Tr li: 3.1. My bay c s dng vi mc ch khc ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him 3.2. My bay vt ra khi phm vi ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him tr trng hp bt kh khng 3.3. My bay h cnh nhng ni khng ph hp vi tnh nng k thut tr trng hp bt kh khng 3.4. My bay c iu khin bi mt ngi khng c tn ghi trn hp ng bo him 3.5. S lng hnh khch i trn my bay ln hn s lng ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him 3.6. Nhng trch nhim v quyn li m hng hng khng chp nhn hoc t b theo bt k mt tho thun no khc vi v, phiu hnh l hoc vn n hng khng 3.7. Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him i c nhng ngi khc 3.8. Do phng x hoc nhim phng x
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3.9. C chin tranh, nh cng, v kh nguyn t, khng b v chnh tr, hnh vi c hay ph hoi, tich thu hay trng dng, bt cc hoc khng ch 3.10. My bay c vn chuyn bng bt c phng tin no tr trng hp bt kh khng Cu 4. Trnh by cc ri ro loi tr trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng theo ICC 1982. Tr li: - Li ca ngi c bo him Chy, hao mn thng thng v trng lng, khi lng hoc rch Bao b khng y Ni t hoc bn cht ca hng ho My bay khng c kh nng bay Chm tr d do mt ri ro c bo him gy nn Hng hng khng khng kh nng ti chnh Chin tranh, nh cng, ni chin, cch mng, s dng v kh ht nhn nguyn t hay khng b v chnh tr

Cu 5. Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba theo QTC 1991. Tr li: - Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him phi bi thng theo ch trch nhim dn s do: + Gy thng vong + Lm h hng, thit hi ti sn ca ngi th 3 do my bay hoc bt k mt ngi, mt vt th no t trn my bay ri xung gy ra Trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him c quy nh trong cc iu c quc t v hang khng v lut hng khng dn dng ca cc nc. - n ph dn s v cc chi ph cn thit, hp l c tha thun bng vn bn - Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim tn tht. Cu 6. Trnh by thi hn bo him i vi bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng theo ICC 1982. Tr li: Bo him ht hiu lc tu thuc vo mt trong hai iu kin sau: V mt khng gian: ngi bo him chu trch nhim v hng ho t kho (kho, ni cha hng, ni gi hng) n kho (kho ca ngi nhn hng, ni cha hng cui cng, lu kho ni n c ghi trong hp ng bo him hoc

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bt k kho, ni cha hng, lu kho ni n m ngi c bo him la chn) V mt thi gian: bo him ht hiu lc trong vng 30 ngy sau khi d hng xong khi my bay ti ni d hng Cu 7. Bo him hng khng l g? Cc loi hnh ca bo him hng khng. Tr li: nh ngha Bo him hng khng l loi hnh bo him nhng ri ro trn khng, trn b lin quan n mt hnh trnh chuyn ch bng ng hng khng Cc loi hnh : 10 loi, 4 loi u ph bin Bo him thn my bay + Ngi bo him: cc cng ty bo him (cc phong bo him hng khng ca cc cng ty bo him) + Ngi c bo him: cc hng hng khng + i tng bo him: v, my, trang thit b ca my bay + Ngi mua bo him: cc hng hng khng, ngi s hu my bay + Ngi c bi thng: cc hng hng khng + Tr gi bo him: gm tr gi thn my bay, ph bo him v cc chi ph hp l khc Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him i vi hnh khch, hng ho, hnh l v t trang ca hnh khch + Ngi bo him: cc cng ty bo him + Ngi c bo him: cc hng hng khng + i tng bo him: trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him i vi hnh khch, hng ho, hnh l, t trang ca hnh khch + Ngi mua bo him: cc hng hng khng + Ngi c bi thng: hnh khch, ch hng + Gii hn trch nhim: l s tin ln nht m cng ty bo him phi bi thng cho hnh khch, ch hng Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him i vi ngi th 3 + Ngi bo him: cc cng ty bo him + Ngi c bo him: cc hng hng khng + i tng bo him: trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba + Ngi nhn bi thng: ngi th ba
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+ Gii hn trch nhim: l s tin ln nht m cng ty bo him phi bi thng cho ngi th ba theo mt hp ng bo him Bo him hng ho vn chuyn bng ng hng khng + Ngi bo him: cc cng ty bo him + Ngi c bo him: ch hng + Ngi mua bo him: ch hng + Ngi c bi thng: ch hng + i tng bo him: hng ho vn chuyn bng ng hng khng + Tr gi bo him: bng gi CIP ca hng ho Bo him trch nhim i vi sn phm Bo him tai nn c nhn Bo him ri ro chin tranh Bo him bt cc chim ot Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ch sn bay v ngi iu hnh bay Bo him mt kh nng s dng

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Chng IV : Bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit.


Cu 1: Ph bo him ha hon ph thuc vo nhng yu t g? Tr li: Cc yu t nh hng ti ph BH ha hon: (trang 150 Sch gio trnh) - Vt liu xy dng c chu c lu bn vi sc nng hay khng. - nh hng ca cc tng nh, sc chu ng ca cc tng khi c ha hon xy ra. - H thng phng chy, cha chy, v tr gn hay xa ngun nc. Cch phn chia n v ri ro, tng chng chy. Loi hng ha, bao b ng gi c d chy hay khng tnh cht cc kho hng v v tr kho hng.

Tm li l ty kh nng chu ng v kh nng x l kp thi khi ha hon xy ra Cu 2: Ri ro n trong ri ro c bn c g ging v khc vi ri ro n trong cc ri ro c bit? Tr li: Phn bit ri ro n trong ri ro c bn v ri ro n trong cc ri ro c bit: ( ko chc chn v ko c trong sch gio trnh) Ging nhau: o u to ra mt p lc ln km theo mt ting ng mnh Khc nhau: o N trong ri ro c bn xut pht t hin tng chy cc nhanh, trong khi n trong ri ro c bit xut pht t p sut bn trong m hon ton do hi nc to ra. o Bo him bi thng c thit b, cht liu bn trong cc dng c b ph hy hay h hi trong trng hp n trong ri ro c bit

Cu 3: Trnh by s tin bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit? Tr li: (Trang 148,149 sch gio trnh) S tin bo him l mc bi thng ti a trong trng hp ti sn c bo him b tn tht ton b. S tin bo him c xc nh trn c s gi tr bo him. Trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit, ngi c bo him c th tham gia bo him ti sn ca mnh vi mt s tin ln hn gi tr bo him nhng khng qu 10% gi tr bo him. Trong trng hp thp hn gi tr bo him, th khi c tn tht s p dng nguyn tc bi thng theo t l.
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Trong mi trng hp bo him bi thng khng vt qu s tin bo him k c bi thng nhiu ln. Mi ln bi thng s tin bo him li gim i mt phn tng ng vi s tin bi thng tr. Mun khi phc li s tin bo him bng s tin bo him ban u th ngi c bo him phi np thm ph b sung tng ng. C hai cch xc nh s tin bo him: Trn c s kim tra i tng bo him v cc giy t, s sch c lin quan. Ngi bo him v ngi c bo him s tha thun s tin bo him cho i tng bo him. a. o Bo him theo gi tr trung bnh: l trung bnh cng ca cc ti sn c trong kho, trong ca hng ti cc thi im khc nhau trong thi hn bo him. Ph bo him c tnh trn c s gi tr trung bnh khai bo. Khi c tn tht, bo him cn c vo gi tr tn tht thc t bi thng nhng khng vt qu gi tr trung bnh. o Gi tr ti a: l gi tr ln nht ca ti sn ti mt thi im no trong thi hn bo him. Khi c tn tht xy ra, bo him cn c vo gi tr tn tht thc t bi thng nhng khng vt qu gi tr ti a. Cu 4: Trnh by gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit? Tr li: Gi tr bo him l gi tr ca ti sn cn bo him, c th l gi tr thc t hoc gi tr mua mi ca ti sn. Trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit, gi tr bo him thng rt ln, v l gi tr ca nh ca, cng trnh, my mc, thit b, vt t Ngi ta thng xc nh gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit nh sau: 1. Gi tr bo him ca nh ca: tnh theo gi tr mi (bao gm c chi ph kho st thit k) hoc gi tr cn li (c tnh n s hao mn trong qu trnh s dng) 2. Gi tr bo him ca my mc thit b v cc loi ti sn c nh khc: xc nh trn c s gi thay th, tc gi tr cn li 3. Gi tr bo him ca thnh phm v bn thnh phm: xc nh trn c s gi thnh sn xut, bao gm chi ph mua nguyn vt liu, tin cng, khu hao my mcnu gi thnh sn xut cao hn gi bn s ly gi bn. 4. Gi tr bo him ca hng ha mua v trong kho: xc nh theo gi mua (ha n) cng vi chi ph vn chuyn v cc chi ph c lin quan.
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Trng hp s lng ti sn nh hng ha trong kho hoc ca hng

thng xuyn thay i, khi c th bo him theo gi tr trung bnh hoc gi tr ti

Cu 5:Ph bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit? Tr li: (Trang 150.151 sch gio trnh) b) Khi nim: Ph bo him l khon tin m ngi c bo him phi np cho ngi bo him c bi thng trong trng hp c tn tht do ri ro c bo him gy ra. i vi bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit, ph bo him c qui nh ring cho tng loi ri ro. c) Thi im np ph: Theo tha thun, c th: - Np ngay mt ln sau khi k hp ng BH. - Np nhiu ln (nu s tin ph qu ln) nhng khng qu 4 k trong thi hn tham gia bo him. i vi vic hy b H bo him th ty trng hp ngi bo him s tnh ton hon hay ko hon ph BH cho ngi c bo him (ty khong thi gian hiu lc cn li ca H). d) Cc yu t nh hng ti ph BH ha hon: - Vt liu XD c chu c lu bn vi sc nng hay khng. - nh hng ca cc tng nh, sc chu ng ca cc tng khi c ha hon xy ra. - H thng phng chy, cha chy, v tr gn hay xa ngun nc. - Cch phn chia n v ri ro, tng chng chy. Loi hng ha, bao b, tnh cht, v tr kho hng.

Tm li l ty kh nng chu ng v kh nng x l kp thi khi ha hon xy ra e) Phng php tnh ph bo him ha hon: Ph BH = s tin BH x T l ph BH

xc nh ph BH bng cch x t l ph BH. T l ph BH ha hon tnh theo t l phn nghn trn s tin BH. c qui nh cho tng i tng BH theo ngnh ngh SX KD. Cc loi t l ph: - Cho mi ngnh - Cho ca hng, kho hng
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Cho cc kho c bit Cho cc ngnh sn xut, DV. Ri ro ph: N My bay rt trng Ni lon ng t Chy do t ln men Ging bo, l lt V trn nc Va ng xe c 0.05 0,15 phn nghn 0,10 0.20 0.20 0.15 qui nh ring 0.10

Ngi tham gia c th la chn 1 hay nhiu ri ro ph tham gia cng BH vi ri ro chnh (chy) T l ph BH ngn hn: Di 1 thng 1-2 3-6 6-9 9-12 15 phn nghn ph BH nm 40 60 80 100

Khng hiu ti sao li l phn nghn, phi l phn trm ph BH nm mi ng ch nh Cu 6: Trnh by phm vi trch nhim ca ngi bo him trong Quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh 142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991? Tr li: Theo quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh 142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991 th ngi bo him c trch nhim bi thng cho ngi c bo him nhng tn tht, mt mt sau y: 1. Nhng thit hi do nhng ri ro c bo him gy ra cho ti sn c bo him ghi trong Giy chng nhn bo him (hoc danh mc km theo giy chng nhn bo him) nu ngi c bo him np ph bo him v nhng thit hi y xy ra trc 16 gi ngy cui cng ca thi hn bo him ghi trong giy chng nhn bo him. 2. Nhng chi ph cn thit v hp l nhm hn ch tn tht v ti sn c bo him trong v sau khi chy.
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3. Ngi bo him nhn bi thng c nhng chi ph thu dn hin trng sau khi chy nu nhng chi ph ny c ghi r trong giy chng nhn bo him. Trch nhim bi thng ca ngi bo him khng bao gi vt qu s tin bo him ca mi hng mc ti sn ghi trong danh mc hoc gp li khng vt qu tng s tin bo him ghi trong giy chng nhn bo him. Cu 7: Ri ro c bn c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit l nhng ri ro nh th no? Tr li: Ri ro ha hon l ri ro c bn trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit. Ri ro ha hon l ri ro xy ra do n hoc mt s nguyn nhn khc. o Chy: gm tt c cc tht hi do chy, tr nhng thit hi sau: N do nh hng ca chy ng t hoc la ngm di t Bn than ti sn b ph hy hoc h hng do t ln men hoc

ta nhit hay qu trnh x l bng nhit o St: ch c thit hi trc tip do tia st gy ra mi c bi thng o N: l hin tng chy cc nhanh to ra v gii phng mt p lc ln km theo mt ting ng mnh pht sinh t s co gin n nhanh, mnh ca cht lng, cht rn hoc cht kh. Ri ro n ch c bo him trong cc trng hp sau: N ni hi phc v sinh hot Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sang hoc si m trong nh khng phi l sng th lm cc cng vic c s dng hi t Cc thit hi sau y s khng c bo him theo ri ro ny gm: Nhng thit hi ti sn c bo him do phng tin hoc do bin php cu cha gy ra. Thit hi ti sn do mt cp trong khi ha hon m ngi bo him khng chng minh c l mt cp. Cu 8: Phn tich cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit. Tr li: c 11 loi ri ro c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit: 1. Ri ro A: ri ro ho hon gm: chy, st, n Chy: + phi thc s c la + la khng phi l la chuyn dng
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+ la phi bt ng hay ngu nhin gy ra => bo him bi thng nhng thit hi vt cht do ho hon hoc do nh hng ca khi v nhit gy ra St: ti sn b ph hu trc tip do st hoc do st nh gy chy N: l hin tng chy cc nhanh to ra v gii phng mt p lc ln km theo mt ting ng mnh pht sinh t s gin n nhanh, mnh ca cc cht lng, cht rn hoc cht kh. Cc ri ro n c bo him bao gm: N ni hi phc v sinh hot N hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sng, si m trong mt ngi nh khng phi l xng th lm cc cng vic s dng hi t, nhng loi tr cc thit hi do n m nguyn nhn gy n do ng t hoc do la ngm di t gy ra 2. Ri ro B- ri ro n: bo him cho cc ri ro n d n khng c st, khng c chy, ho hon do p lc ln pht ra ting ku * Loi tr ring trong ri ro B: Ti sn c bo him b ph hu hay h hi do ni hi, thng un nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc hoc thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra b n (khng phi do chy bt ngun t n) nu ni hi v nhng thit b my mc thuc quyn s hu ca ngi c bo him Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong cc dng c b h hi hay b ph hu do n cc cht liu (khng p dng trong chy n xng du) p sut sng gy ra do my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc bng hoc vt qu tc m thanh khng c coi l n 3. Ri ro C: my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hay cc thit b trn cc phng tin ri trng, nhng loi tr cc ti sn b ph hy hay h hi bi p sut sng do my bay, phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hoc vt tc m thanh gy ra 4. Ri ro E: ni lon, bo ng dn s, nh cng, cm xng , hoc hnh ng ca nhng ngi tham gia gy ri, bo ng hay hnh vi c nhng khng mang tnh cht chnh tr Loi tr ti sn b: Mt mt h hi do b tch thu, ph hu hoc trng dng theo lnh ca chnh ph hoc nh cm quyn Mt mt h hi do ngng cng vic 1.5. Ri ro G: ng t (c bi thng trong mi trng hp d c gy ho hon hay khng) 6. Ri ro K: la ngm di t (c bi thng trong mi trng hp d c gy ho hon hay khng) 7. Ri ro L: chy m do nguyn nhn duy nht l do ti sn ln men to nhit v bc chy
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8. Ri ro N: ging t, bo tp, l lt Loi tr: - Ti sn b ph hu hay h hi do sng mui, st l t - Hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri b ph hu hay h hng 9. Ri ro P: ri ro v hoc trn nc t cc b cha, cc thit b cha nc hoc ng ng dn loi tr nhng ti sn b ph hu hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b phng chy cha chy t ng 10. Ri ro Q: xe c hay sc vt khng thuc quyn s hu hay kim sot ca ngi c bo him hay nhng ngi lm cng cho h m vo gy ri ro tn tht 11. Ri ro S: nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun t ng (Sprinkle) lp t sn trong nh nhng loi tr: Thit hi do nc thot ra t thit b vi phun c lp t t ng Thit hi do nhng cng trnh, ngi nh b trng khng c ngi s dng => Trong s cc ri ro trn, ri ro ho hon l ri ro ch yu, ngoi ra ngi bo him cn bi thng cho ngi c bo him cc chi ph hp l * Cc trng hp loi tr Tn tht do chin tranh, nh cng, bo ng, ni lon, cch mng, khng b Tn tht do phng x, ht nhn, nguyn t Tn tht do hnh ng c ca ngi c bo him Tn tht v tin, kim loi qu, qu, chng khon, vn bng, ti liu, s liu trn my tnh Tn tht do s dng cht n Tn tht v ngi v sc vt sng Tn tht ca cc ti sn c bo him theo n bo him hng hi Ti sn b cp hoc b mt cp (xy ra trc, trong hoc sau khi chy)

Cu 9: Cc ri ro c bit l nhng ri ro nh th no trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit? Cho v d minh ho a. Tr li: Ri ro c bit l cc ri ro ph, thng do cc yu t bn ngoi gy ra, nh ng t, ni la, st nh Cc ri ro c bit gm c: N: tt c thit hi do n gy nn nhng loi tr: o Ti sn b ph hy do ni hi, thng un nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc hoc thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra b n (khng phi do chy bt ngun n) o Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong cc dng c h hi hay b ph hy do n cc cht liu (khng p dng trong chy n xng du)
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o p sut sng gy ra do my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc bng hoc vt qu tc m thanh My bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hay cc phng tin trn ri trng nhng loi tr cc ti sn b ph hy hay h hi bi p sut sng do my bay, phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hoc vt tc m thanh gy ra. Ni lon, bo ng dn s, nh cng, cm xng, hoc cc hnh ng ca nhng ngi tham gia gy ri, bo ng hay hnh vi c nhng khng mang tnh cht chnh tr Loi tr ti sn b: o Mt mt h hi do b tch thu, ph hy hoc trng dng theo lnh ca chnh ph hoc nh cm quyn. o Mt mt h hi do ngng cng vic ng t (d c ha hon hay khng) La ngm di t (d c ha han hay khng) Chy do nguyn nhn duy nht l do ti sn ln men, ta nhit bc chy Ging t, bo tp, l lt Loi tr: o Ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do sng mui, st l t o Hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri b ph hy hay h hng Ri ro v hoc trn nc t cc b cha, cc thit b cha nc hoc ng ng dn loi tr nhng ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b phng chy cha chy t ng Xe c hay sc vt khng thuc quyn s hu hay kim sot ca ngi c bo him hay ngi lm cng cho h m vo gy ra tn tht. Nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun t ng lp t sn trong nhm nhng loi tr: o Thit hi do nc thot ra t thit b vi phun c lp t t ng o Thit hi do nhng cng trnh, ngi nh b trng khng c ngi s dng Cu 10: Trnh by cc ri ro c th la chn bo him theo Quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh 142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991 Tr li: Theo quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh 142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991, cc ri ro c th la chn bo him gm c: - Ha hon (do n hay do cc nguyn nhn khc) o Chy: gm tt c cc tht hi do chy, tr nhng thit hi sau: N do nh hng ca chy ng t hoc la ngm di t
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Bn than ti sn b ph hy hoc h hng do t ln men hoc

ta nhit hay qu trnh x l bng nhit o St: ch c thit hi trc tip do tia st gy ra mi c bi thng o N: l hin tng chy cc nhanh to ra v gii phng mt p lc ln km theo mt ting ng mnh pht sinh t s co gin n nhanh, mnh ca cht lng, cht rn hoc cht kh. Ri ro n ch c bo him trong cc trng hp sau: N ni hi phc v sinh hot Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sang hoc si m trong nh khng phi l sng th lm cc cng vic c s dng hi t Cc thit hi sau y s khng c bo him theo ri ro ny gm: Nhng thit hi ti sn c bo him do phng tin hoc do bin php cu cha gy ra. Thit hi ti sn do mt cp trong khi ha hon m ngi bo him khng chng minh c l mt cp. N: tt c thit hi do n gy nn nhng loi tr: o Ti sn b ph hy do ni hi, thng un nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc hoc thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra b n (khng phi do chy bt ngun n) o Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong cc dng c h hi hay b ph hy do n cc cht liu (khng p dng trong chy n xng du) o p sut sng gy ra do my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc bng hoc vt qu tc m thanh My bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hay cc phng tin trn ri trng nhng loi tr cc ti sn b ph hy hay h hi bi p sut sng do my bay, phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hoc vt tc m thanh gy ra. Ni lon, bo ng dn s, nh cng, cm xng, hoc cc hnh ng ca nhng ngi tham gia gy ri, bo ng hay hnh vi c nhng khng mang tnh cht chnh tr Loi tr ti sn b: o Mt mt h hi do b tch thu, ph hy hoc trng dng theo lnh ca chnh ph hoc nh cm quyn. o Mt mt h hi do ngng cng vic ng t (d c ha hon hay khng) La ngm di t (d c ha han hay khng) Chy do nguyn nhn duy nht l do ti sn ln men, ta nhit bc chy Ging t, bo tp, l lt Loi tr:
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o Ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do sng mui, st l t o Hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri b ph hy hay h hng Ri ro v hoc trn nc t cc b cha, cc thit b cha nc hoc ng

ng dn loi tr nhng ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b phng chy cha chy t ng Xe c hay sc vt khng thuc quyn s hu hay kim sot ca ngi c bo him hay ngi lm cng cho h m vo gy ra tn tht. Nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun t ng lp t sn trong nhm nhng loi tr: o Thit hi do nc thot ra t thit b vi phun c lp t t ng o Thit hi do nhng cng trnh, ngi nh b trng khng c ngi s dng Cu 11: i tng bo him ca bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit l g? V d. Tr li: i tng ca bo him ha hon v ri ro c bit bao gm: a) Bt ng sn Bt ng sn y l nh ca, cng trnh xy dng, nh my, x nghip, kho tng. Thuc loi hnh sn xut kinh doanh hoc cc cng trnh xy dng. b) Cc ng sn Ti sn c nhn l nhng ti sn lin quan ti ngi c bo him nh c, m ngh, th vt nui, cc phng tin giao thng Ti sn cn thit cho s hot ng ca mt doanh nghip nh vt, phng tin, my mc, thit b c) Hng ha c th l nguyn liu, nhin liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm. Cu 12: Phn tich s cn thit ca bo him chy n. Tr li: - Mi vt xung quanh ta u d chy, c bit l ti sn: my mc, trang thit b v vt qu him - Chy hay ha hon c th xy ra bt k ni no, bt k thi im no - Nn vn minh hin i ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc ngun nng lng, m cc ngun nng lng hin nay u d chy Khi tham gia bo him, cc cng ty bo him s tr gip cho ngi c bo him th hin cc bin php phng nga ri ro v cch PCCC

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Chng V: Bo him xy dng v lp t


Cu 1: Ph bo him tiu chun trong bo him xy dng l g? Tr li: Ph BH tiu chun trg BHXD l ph BH i vi cc ri ro tiu chun c BH quy nh trg n BHXD tiu chun ca cty Munich Re Cc ri ro tiu chun gm: - Ri ro thin tai: ng t, ni la, Ri ro khc: chy n, trm cp, tay ngh km, Ph BH tiu chun gm 3 b phn: - Ph c bn: mc ph ti thiu/cng trnh, c tnh theo phn nghn gi tr BH ca cng trnh Ph ph ng t: da trn c im khu vc v nhy ca cng trnh vi ng t Ph ph cho ri ro l lt: cn c vo tnh cht cng trnh, c quy nh trn biu ph tiu chun Cu 2: Phn tich cc thnh phn ca ph bo him xy dng. Tr li: Ph BHXD gm 3 b phn: Ph BH tiu chun (nh cu 1) Ph ph m rng tiu chun: thuc trch nhim ca n BH, c tnh m rng cho cc trng hp: + Chi ph dn dp sau tn tht + Cc ti sn c sn v xung quanh cng trng thuc quyn s hu ca ngi c BH + Trang thit b phc v cho cng tc XD + My mc XD + Thi gian XD ko di: 3 thng, 3-6 thng + Ph ph cho BH cc chi ph dn dp sau tn tht + Ph ph BH trch nhim vi ngi th 3 + Ph ph cho trang thit b phc v thi cng + Ph ph cho my mc Ph ph m rng ngoi tiu chun: + Ri ro chin tranh, nh cng, bo ng, + BH trch nhim cho (gia nh thu ny vi nh thu khc) + BH ri ro khi bo hnh

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+ BH chi ph lm thm gi, lm m, lm trg ngy l + BH cc ph vn chuyn nhanh Ngoi 3 b phn trn, ph BHXD cn c tnh da trn mc khu tr c quy nh cho mi loi cng trnh khc nhau. Cu 3: Trnh by phm vi bo him trong bo him xy dng Tr li: Trg BHXD ngi ta quy nh c th nhng ri ro c BH v nhng ri ro ko c BH Ri ro c BH + Nhng thit hi m cng trnh phi chu: sp do cu , my bay m vo, + Ha hon v nhng tn tht do tin hnh cha chy + Cc v n gy thit hi cc ng hi, ni hi, + Thit hi do nc gy ra (l lt, r ng ng,..) + Thit hi do thin tai: ging bo, ng t, + Trm cp + V my + Cng trnh b sp + Thiu kinh nghim, s sut hoc hnh ng c ko do ngi c BH gy ra + Ri ro vn chuyn nguyn vt liu XD, my mc + Trch nhim dn s ca ngi c BH vi ngi th 3 v thit hi ko th trnh ko qu trnh thi cng + Hu qu ti chnh ca thit hi v BH gy ra Cc ri ro loi tr + Cc loi tr chung cho mi n BH: Tn tht xy ra do trc tip hay hu qu ca chin tranh hay cc hnh ng tng t chin tranh Tn tht xy ra do nh cng, bi cng, ngng cng vic do lnh ca nh chc trch Do hu qu trc tip ca s ta nhit hay phng x Do hnh ng c ca ngi c BH hoc i din ca h Tn tht c tnh cht hu qu do chm tr nh tin pht do vi phm H, + Cc loi tr ring trg BHXD Tn tht do hng hc c kh hoc in, my mc, Gim gi tr do hao mn, b ph hoi dn, oxy ha, Mt mt, h hi ca bn v, biu mu, Mt mt, thit hi pht hin khi kim k Tn tht ca xe c gii lu hnh trn cng l Mt mt, thit hi pht sinh do gin on thi cng Mc khu tr m ngi c BH phi t gnh chu trg trng hp c s c thuc trch nhim ca BH
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Cc ri ro loi tr u c th c BH bng cc iu khon b sung, 1 s ri ro thuc trch nhim ca n v BH vn c th loi tr bng iu khon b sung nu ngi BH yu cu Cu 4: Gi tr bo him trong bo him xy dng l g: Tr li: Gi tr bo him trong bo him xy dng bao gm: 1. Gi tr bo him ca cng trnh xy dng: Gi tr khi phc li ton b cng trnh trong trng hp c tn tht Khi la chn gi ny th cn lu n : D ton v mc tng cc chi ph v nguyn vt liu. Tin lng cng nhn do s thay i gi c Gi tr bng hoc nh hn tn tht ln nht c th xy ra: La chn gi ny thng gy kh tnh ton khi c tn tht c bit l tn tht b phn. Gi tr d ton ca cng trnh xy dng. Gi tr s c iu chnh theo thc t khi kt thc cng trnh. Ph bo him cng s c iu chnh cho ph hp. y l phng pho c p dng ph bin nht. 2. Gi tr bo him trang thit b xy dng: Xc nh theo tr gi ca chng ti thi im tp trung cao nht trong qu trnh xy dng.

Xc nh theo tng giai on ca cng trnh hay bo him ton b gi tr ca trang thit b cn dng cho c cng trnh. 3. Gi tr bo him my mc xy dng Xc nh da trn gi tr thay th tng ng ca my mc c mua mi ti thi im thay cho my b tn tht Xc nh da trn chi ph sa cha hoc thay th cc b phn b h hi v khng khu tr khon khu hao ca cc b phn

- KHng p dng vi my mc c gi tr d dng <30% 4. Gi tr bo him i vi chi ph dn dp: Xc nh da trn tn tht d kin( cn tnh ti kh nng phi di chuyn nhiu nht trong trng hp xy ra tn tht ln) 5. Gi tr bo him i vi ti sn trn v xung quanh cng trnh: y phi l nhng ti sn thuc quyn s hu ca ngi c bo him Gi tr bo him l gi tr khi tham gia bo him

Cu 5:Khi nim v i tng trong bo him xy dng l g? Tr li: Bo him xy dng l bo him nhng thit hi pht sinh t mt ri ro bt ng hoc t trch nhim i vi ngi th ba trong vic xay dng mt cng trnh c s dng xi mng v b tong
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i tng bo him: - Tt c cc cng trnh xy dng cng nghip nh: nh my, x nghip, kho hng Cc cng trnh ln v dn s nh: cu cng, ng s, iu. Cc bt ng sn ln dng cho thng mi v cc cng trnh cng cng nh: trng

hc, bnh vin Mi cng trnh u c cc hng mc khc nhau, nhng ch yu c phn loi nh sau: Cng tc thi cng xy dng Bao gm cc cng vic m u nh: san lp mt bng, xy dng cc cng trnh tm thi phc v thi cng, chy th my, lm mng, ng cc. - Cc trang thit b xy dng: Bao gm: cng c , ngh, xng, gin do - My mc xy dng: Bao gm: cn cu, my san, cc loi phng tieenjvaanj chuyn s dng trn cng trng( tr cc loi phng tin lu hnh trn cng l) - Ti sn c sn v xung quanh cng trng: Bao gm cc ti sn thuc quyn qun l v s hu ca ngi c bo him. - Chi ph dn dp sau tn tht Chi ph pht sinh do phi di chuyn, dn dp cc mnh vn, ph thi xy dng khi c tn tht xy ra - Trch nhim i vi ngi th 3: y l trch nhim dn s theo lut nh m ngi c bo him phi gnh chu do tn tht v ngi hoc ti sn gy ra cho ngi th 3. Cng nhn, ngi lm thu hoc ch u t khng nm trong phm vi trch nhim ca hp ng bo him ny. Cu 6: Thi hn bo him trong bo him xy dng c quy nh nh th no: Tr li: T lc bt u thi cng( tnh t khi khi cng xy dng, c th tnh c thi gian lu kho nguyn vt liu trc nhng khng qu 3 thng) cho n khi cng trnh c nghim thu( l lc cng trnh c a vo s dng hoc vn hnh ln u tin ) i vi my mc, trang thit b xy dng, thi hn bo him tnh t khi my mc c tho d xung khu vc cng trng cho n khi chng di chuyn khi cng trng. Cng trnh hon thnh v a vo s dng tng phn th trch nhim ca ngi bo him i vi tng b phn s kt thc ngay saukhi n bn giao a vo s dng. Thi gian thi cng hon thnh< thi gian tiu chun ca hp ng th hbh s kt thc ngay sau khi c bn giao. Ngc li th cn phi thng bo cho ngi bo him bit ko di thi gian bo him v tr thm ph C th yu cu m rng phm vi bo him cho c thi gian bo hnh.
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