Chnh sch cng Vit Nam: L lun v thc tin

Khi to bi : tailieu | ng bi : tinkinhte | Cp nht: 06/09/2009 23:11 E-mail | Bn in | Lu xem sau Trn cc n phm Vit Nam nhng nm gn y, thut ng Chnh sch cng c s dng vi nhiu gc khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cc cng trnh nghin cu v chnh sch cng nc ta vn cn kh khim tn; nhiu vn lin quan n chnh sch cng cn phi tip tc c lm r c v l lun v thc tin. Trong khun kh c hn, bi vit dng li gc nhn thc khi lc bc u v l lun v thc tin Chnh sch cng nc ta. Chnh sch cng

cc nc pht trin v cc t chc kinh t quc t, thut ng Chnh sch cng c s dng rt ph bin. C th nu ra mt s quan nim sau: Chnh sch cng bao gm cc hot ng thc t do chnh ph tin hnh (Peter Aucoin, 1971). Chnh sch cng l mt tp hp cc quyt nh c lin quan ln nhau ca mt nh chnh tr hay mt nhm cc nh chnh tr gn lin vi vic la chn cc mc tiu v cc gii php t cc mc tiu (William Jenkin, 1978). Chnh sch cng l ci m chnh ph la chn lm hay khng lm (Thomas R. Dye, 1984). Chnh sch cng l ton b cc hot ng ca nh nc c nh hng mt cch trc tip hay gin tip n cuc sng ca mi cng dn (B. Guy Peter, 1990). Chnh sch cng l mt kt hp phc tp nhng s la chn lin quan ln nhau, bao gm c cc quyt nh khng hnh ng, do cc c quan nh nc hay cc quan chc nh nc ra (William N. Dunn, 1992). Chnh sch cng bao gm cc quyt nh chnh tr thc hin cc chng trnh nhm t c nhng mc tiu x hi (Charle L. Cochran and Eloise F. Malone, 1995). Ni cch n gin nht, chnh sch cng l tng hp cc hot ng ca chnh ph/chnh quyn, trc tip hoc thng qua tc nhn bi v n c nh hng ti i sng ca cng dn (B. Guy Peters, 1999). Thut ng chnh sch cng lun ch nhng hnh ng ca chnh ph/chnh quyn v nhng nh quyt nh hnh ng ny; hoc chnh sch cng l kt qu ca cuc u tranh trong chnh quyn ai ginh c ci g (Clarke E. Cochran, et al, 1999).

Chnh sch l mt qu trnh hnh ng c mc ch m mt c nhn hoc mt nhm theo ui mt cch kin nh trong vic gii quyt vn (James Anderson, 2003). Chnh sch cng l mt qu trnh hnh ng hoc khng hnh ng ca chnh quyn p li mt vn cng cng. N c kt hp vi cc cch thc v mc tiu chnh sch c chp thun mt cch chnh thc, cng nh cc quy nh v thng l ca cc c quan chc nng thc hin nhng chng trnh (Kraft and Furlong, 2004). T cc quan nim trn, chnh sch cng c th c nhn nhn nh sau: Trc ht, l mt chnh sch ca nh nc, ca chnh ph (do nh nc, do chnh ph a ra), l mt b phn thuc chnh sch kinh t v chnh sch ni chung ca mi nc. Th hai, v mt kinh t, chnh sch cng phn nh v th hin hot ng cng nh qun l i vi khu vc cng, phn nh vic m bo hng ha, dch v cng cng cho nn kinh t. Th ba, l mt cng c qun l ca nh nc, c nh nc s dng : (i) Khuyn khch vic sn xut, m bo hng ha, dch v cng cho nn kinh t, khuyn khch c vi khu vc cng v c vi khu vc t; (ii) Qun l ngun lc cng mt cch hiu qu, hiu lc, thit thc i vi c kinh t, chnh tr, x hi, mi trng, c trong ngn hn ln trong di hn. Ni cch khc chnh sch cng l mt trong nhng cn c o lng nng lc hoch nh chnh sch, xc nh mc tiu, cn c kim tra, nh gi, xc nh trch nhim trong vic s dng ngun lc cng nh ngn sch nh nc, ti sn cng, ti nguyn t nc. Thc tin chnh sch cng mt s quc gia v Vit Nam

Qua thc t hot ng ca khu vc cng nhiu quc gia, qua nh gi ca nhiu chuyn gia nhiu t chc lin quan ca nhiu nc, nhiu t chc kinh t quc t, c th thy: Th nht, cc quc gia, chnh sch cng v qun l i vi khu vc cng l cha tt, cha hiu qu. Bi v, mi chnh sch cng u lin quan ti s dng ngun lc cng (nh tin, ti sn, ti nguyn,...); cc nc, trong hoch nh chnh sch cng cha phn nh ng mc tiu v nhng rng buc hu hiu i vi vic s dng ngun lc cng. Cc thiu st, sai lm thng th hin cc gc sau: Xy dng, hoch nh, ra chnh sch cng cha ng thc t, nhiu tham vng ln, k vng qu cao; Trong t chc thc thi chnh sch cng, qun l chnh sch cng cn yu km; nh gi hiu qu, hiu lc ca chnh sch cng cha thuyt phc, khch quan. Ni chung chnh sch cng cn thiu tnh r rng, cha c cn c tha ng, thuyt phc. i vi khu vc t cn b g b, cn tr, thm ch c tnh km hm, i vi khu vc cng c tnh cht cn lm dng, gy tht thot, lng ph, km hiu qu. Quy trnh son tho chnh hin nay Vit Nam

Ngun: Gio s Kenichi Ohno (2008) Th hai, i vi cc t chc nghin cu v chnh sch cng.

Cc t chc nghin cu, cc t chc c tnh chuyn mn cao lin quan v chnh sch cng nhiu quc gia, quc t c nhiu hot ng, nhiu ng gp v mt l thuyt. V thc tin, thng qua cc d n khc nhau, cc t chc nghin cu trn h tr cc nc km v ang pht trin, trong c Vit Nam, nng cao nng lc hoch nh, qun l, thc thi, nh gi chnh sch cng ca nc mnh, song tn km v hiu qu h tr cn hn ch. L do l do s tip cn c v l thuyt ln k thut, cng ngh hoch nh, thc thi, nh gi chnh sch cng cn nhiu hn ch. Hin nay, nhiu vn chnh sch Vit Nam ang c cc i biu Quc hi m x. Trong din n Quc hi, c nhng kin bn v vai tr ca cc nhm t vn, nghin cu c lp, c xut v vic cc i biu quc hi nn c trao quyn trnh cc d n lut... Tuy nhin, theo GS. Kenichi Ohno, Vit Nam ang c mt quy trnh hoch nh chnh sch c mt khng hai. Hu ht chnh sch c xy dng vi s can d hn ch ca doanh nghip. Doanh nghip ch c php c kin sau hoc khi c vn pht sinh. Chnh sch c xy dng trn c s cc phn tch v mc tiu khng thc t, khng c gii doanh nghip ng h. Hn na, cc chnh sch khng c s phi hp gia cc B, ch l bn lit k cc chnh sch m thiu k hoch hnh ng c th. Mi B ngnh c nhiu k hoch nhng li khng xc nh c lnh vc u tin. V vy, Vit Nam nn bt u mt quy trnh hoch nh chnh sch mi, vi s tham gia c tt c cc bn lin quan, bao gm: Chnh ph, doanh nghip, ngi tiu dng, ngi nc ngoi, cc nh ti tr, cc nh khoa hc, chuyn gia. i khi, cc doanh nghip hoc cc nh khoa hc c th vch ra mt chin lc trnh Chnh ph. Chnh sch khng n thun ch l mt vn bn hnh chnh ca Nh nc. Qua nghin cu v vn dng chnh sch cng Vit Nam, c th thy: (1) y l vn l kh mi nc ta, v trc y vn c quan nim v ti sn cng, s dng ngun lc cng, nhng theo quan nim, theo nhn thc cng hu, s hu cng cng, ca chung t nc, ca ton dn. Do nhn thc cha ng n, cha y v chnh sch cng theo quan nim mi, hin i nn trn thc t vic t chc thc thi chnh sch qun l cn nhiu yu km, lng ph. V vy, cn phi lm r ni hm chnh sch cng, c t khi nim, cc phm tr, ni dung, cc c im, cc yu t tc ng, chi phi chnh sch cng. (2)Nghin cu v chnh sch cng Vit Nam cn t

trong bi cnh ang trong qu trnh chuyn i, va xa c, va tip thu ci mi, tnh an xen gia c hi v thch thc nh mt tt yu, c thnh, c bi, do phi c nim tin, c nh hng c bn v vn nghin cu. ng thi, cn phi c cch tip cn h thng, c bn, t chc nghin cu, o to, thu ht chuyn gia v chnh sch cng, hp tc quc t vi cc trung tm, cc vin nghin cu cc nc v lnh vc chnh sch cng, nht l vi cc nc pht trin./. (TS. ng Ngc Li - Tp ch kinh t v d bo)