DTM Det Nhuom

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum
M U
1. a. Xut x ca D n Tm tt v xut x
Ngnh dt may Vit Nam c hnh thnh v pht trin hn mt th k, tr thnh mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip quan trng trong i sng x hi v kinh t Vit Nam. Trong 10 ngnh mang li gi tr xut khu cao cho t nc, ngnh dt may xp th hai, ch ng sau ngnh cng nghip du kh. Nhn thy c tm quan trng ca ngnh dt may v nhng li nhun m n mang li, nh u t PANKO CORPORATION c tr s chnh ti Hn Quc mun thnh lp Cng ty ti Vit Nam hot ng theo tnh hnh th trng nhm thu li nhun. T PANKO CORPORATION u t thnh lp Cng Ty TNHH Panko Vina ti a ch l I-CN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng, tng din tch 137.400 m2 vi ngnh ngh sn xut chnh ca cng ty l sn xut gia cng dt nhum, may mc qun o cc loi. D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum l d n mi hon ton. Theo d n u t, d n s i vo hot ng sn xut khong thi gian thng 04 nm 2009 vi cng sut nm hot ng n nh l dt 9.000 tn vi/nm, nhum 9.000 tn/nm. Ngnh cng nghip Dt - Nhum l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip c trng c nguy c nhim cao, gy ra cc tc ng xu nht nh i vi mi trng xung quanh v sc kho cng ng, c bit l do lng nc thi sn xut ln, c cha nhiu cc cht nhim v c, hu c v kim loi nng. Theo chng III, mc 2, iu 18 Lut bo v mi trng do Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua kho XI k hp th 8 (t ngy 18/10 n ngy 29/11/2005) thng qua v c hiu lc t 01/07/2006 th cc d n loi ny c trch nhim thc hin bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng trnh np cho C quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng thm nh. b. C quan, t chc c thm quyn ph duyt d n u t
Theo giy chng nhn d n u t s 462043000346 (iu chnh t giy php c s 175/GP-KCN-BD) ca Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina th Ban qun l cc KCN Bnh Dng cp giy chng nhn u t cho cng ty TNHH Panko Vina ti a ch l ICN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng vo ngy 04 thng 12 nm 2007 vi ngnh ngh kinh doanh ca Cng ty l sn xut gia cng dt, nhum, may mc qun o cc loi. 2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) Bo co TM cho D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum ca Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina c xy dng da vo cc vn bn php l v ti liu tham kho sau: a. C s php lut
Trang 3
Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina
Cn c Lut Bo v mi trng ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 c hiu lc t 01/07/2006. Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng. Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng; Ngh nh 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/04/2007 v qun l cht thi rn. Ngh nh 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28/5/2007 v thot nc th v khu cng nghip. Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng. Thng t s 125/2003/TTLT BTC BTNMT ngy 18/12/2003 ca B trng BTN & MT v hng dn thc hin ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ca Chnh ph v thu ph mi trng i vi nc thi. V ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 8-01-2007. Thng t hng dn s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006 ca B Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng. Hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi. Thng t s 07/2007/TT-BTNMT ngy 03/7/2007 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn phn loi v quyt nh danh mc c s gy nhim mi trng cn phi x l. Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT v vic bt buc p dng tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng, ngy 18/12/2006. Quy ch qun l cht thi nguy hi ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 155/1999/Q-TTg ngy 16/07/1999 ca Th Tng Chnh Ph.
b.
C s k thut Tiu chun V sinh Lao ng ca B Y T ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y T. Gii hn ti a cho php ca d lng ho cht bo v thc vt trong t: TCVN 5941:1995
Trang 4
Tiu chun cht lng nc mt TCVN 5942:1995 Tiu chun cht lng nc ngm TCVN 5944:1995 TCVN 5945:2005 Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun thi Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh : TCVN 5937:2005 Nng ti a cho php ca mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh: TCVN 5938:2005 TCVN 5939:2005 Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c. TCVN 5940:2005 Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi mt s cht hu c. Mc n ti a cho php trong khu vc cng cng v dn c : TCVN 5949:1998 m hc ting n phng tin giao thng vn ti ng b, mc n cho php : TCVN 5948:1995 Phng tin giao thng ng b kh thi gy nhim pht ra t t v m t lp ng c xng : TCVN 6431:1998. S liu hin trng mi trng huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng. S liu thng k v kh tng, thu vn v kinh t x hi ti khu vc D n. S liu v thi tit kh hu huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng. Cc bo co TM ca cc D n tng t c tham kho. Cc cng ngh sn xut tng t c c s so snh v xc nh cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng do cc hot ng ca cc doanh nghip gy ra. S liu thu c t ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng mi trng ti khu vc D n. Cc ti liu nh gi nhanh trn c s h s nhim do T chc Y t Th gii thit lp nhm nh gi ti lng cc cht nhim mi trng. Cc ti liu, bo co khoa hc v lnh vc x l nc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn trong v ngoi nc.
Trang 5
3.
T chc thc hin TM
Bo co TM ca D n u t xy dng nh my Dt nhum May mc do Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina lm ch u t, vi s tham gia t vn ca Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn v nhiu nhm chuyn gia am hiu v TM vi cc lnh vc chuyn su: kim sot nhim khng kh, nhim do nc thi v cht thi, ting n, rung, cht thi nguy hi, sinh thi mi trng, kinh t mi trng,... Thng tin v Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn: - Gim c: Ng Ch Thng; - a ch: 88/18 x Chnh M, TX.Th Du Mt, tnh Bnh Dng. - in thoi: 0650.882099 *
TT
Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM ca D n.

H v tn Hc v Ngnh chuyn mn n v cng tc
on nghin cu chia thnh nhiu t thc hin kho st mi trng t nhin v KT-XH trong khu vc d n v vng ln cn. S liu kho st c phn tch, nh gi. Cc phng php d bo c p dng xc nh r cc tc ng mi trng. Trong qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n, bn cnh s phi hp ca n v t vn, Ch d n cn nhn c s phi hp v h tr ca Vin nghin cu khoa hc k thut v bo h lao ng - Phn vin ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Trang 6
Chng 1
1.1. Tn d n
M T TM TT D N
D N U T XY DNG NH MY DT NHUM 1.2. Ch d n CNG TY TNHH PANKO VINA a ch lin h : L I-CN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng a ch thc hin : L I-CN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng Hnh thc cng ty: Cng ty 100% vn u t nc ngoi Giy chng nhn u t s Do i din 1.3. V tr a l ca d n : 462043000346 Ngy cp : 04/12/2007
: Ban qun l cc KCN Bnh Dng cp. : ng Hong Soon Hak Quc tch : Hn Quc
Vn phng v nh my sn xut ca Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina c thc hin ti l I-CN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, Bnh Dng vi tng din tch thc hin D n l 137.400 m2. D n nm trong Khu Cng Nghip M Phc nn hin ti xung quanh d n c rt nhiu d n ang xy dng v hot ng. Hin ti, xung quanh d n vi cc v tr tip gip nh sau: T cn ca khu vc D n tip gip vi nhng khu vc sau: - Pha Bc gip : ng nha ni b ca khu cng nghip - Pha Nam gip : ng nha ni b ca khu cng nghip Pha ng gip : ng nha ni b ca khu cng nghip Pha Ty gip : ng nha ni b ca khu cng nghip V tr thc hin D n Cch th x Th Du Mt Bnh Dng khong 18 km. Cch cng Thnh Ph H Ch Minh khong 50 km. Cch Trung tm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh khong 55 km. S v tr khu t ca d n trong KCN M Phc c trnh by trong Hnh 1.1.
Trang 7
V tr thc hin d n
1.4.
Ni dung ch yu ca D n Sau khi kho st tnh hnh pht trin cng nh ngun nhn lc v a im c th t nh my nhm pht trin ngnh cng nghip dt nhum ti Vit Nam, ch u t l tp on PANKO CORPORATION xem xt tnh hnh pht trin cng nh nhng iu kin thun li xy dng nh my Vit Nam, tp on chn a im thc hin d n u t xy dng nh my dt nhum c t ti l I-CN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, Bnh Dng vi tng din tch thc hin D n l 137.400 m2. 1.4.1 Mc tiu v phm vi kinh doanh ca d n Mc tiu v phm vi kinh doanh ca d n l sn xut cc loi vi, ch cun v cc loi sn phm dt nhum khc. Cng sut sn phm: dt 9.000 tn/nm, nhum 9.000 tn/nm. D kin, 80% sn phm ca d n s c xut khu, cn li l tiu dng cho th trng trong nc. 1.4.2. Gii php xy dng
Trang 8
a. Cc cng trnh chnh Chi tit cc hng mc u t xy dng nh sau: S b tr mt bng ca Nh my km theo tng din tch s dng 137.400 m2. Bng 1.1: Cc hng mc cng trnh thc hin ti D n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hng mc cng trnh Nh xng sn xut B cha nc Khu x l nc thi Nh ngh chuyn gia v cng nhn Cn tin Nh bo v + nh xe Vn phng n v m2 m2 m2 m2 m2 m2 m2 Kch thc 47232 540 2000 9825 3500 232,6 1000
Phn din tch cn li phc v cho cc cng trnh ph tr khc cng nh ng ni b v din tch trng cy xanh. b. Gii php v kin trc, kt cu, x l nn mng Cc gii php v kin trc kt cu xy dng cng trnh c nghin cu ph hp vi iu kin sn xut, m bo v sinh mi trng v m quan cng nghip. Gii php v kin trc Nh my Dt nhum ca cng ty TNHH Panko Vina l cng trnh cng nghip. Do vy, t hng mc nh sn xut chnh ti cc hng mc ph tr u c kin trc cng nghip, ng nt kin trc n gin. Mc ch c bn v mt kin trc l to mi trng tt nht, m bo iu kin vi kh hu nh nh sng, thng gi tin li cho hot ng sn xut.
Gii php kt cu
Cc hng mc chnh nh nh xng sn xut c thit k theo kt cu nh xng cng nghip vi khung nh thp, nn mng vng chc, tng xy gch hoc btng. Cc cng trnh cn li u c kt cu vng chc, tnh bn v an ton cao. Gii php nn mng Theo nh gi s b qua kho st thm d khu t d kin xy dng, nn t ti khu vc trin khai D n c a cht cng trnh rt tt. Nn t chc chn, chu nn cao. Do , s dng mng n b tng ct thp trn nn thin nhin cho cc hng mc khu sn xut chnh v cc nh cao tng, cc hng mc khc s s dng mng xy gch trn nn thin nhin v nn c si . c. H thng cung cp nc
Ngun nc cp cho d n l h thng cp nc chung ca Khu cng nghip. Hin ti tuyn ng ng cp nc c xy dng hon chnh v phn b u trong
Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina Trang 9
ton KCN nn rt thun li trong vic ly nc phc v sn xut, D n s hp ng mua nc s dng cung cp cho sinh hot v sn xut. Theo D n, s lng cn b cng nhn vin lm vic l 5.460 ngi v c cng ty xy dng khu tp th nn lng nc cp theo nh mc s dng ca cng nhn l 120 lt/ngi.ngy, nhu cu cp nc cho sinh hot l: QSH = 5460*120/1000 = 655,2 m3/ngy Lng nc s dng trong qu trnh sn xut c dng trong cc cng on nh r h, vt, sy, ty, nhum lng nc cp dnh cho sn xut l rt ln, khong 3000 m3/ngy. Tng nhu cu dng nc d kin ca D n l 3655 m3/ngy. d. H thng thot nc v x l nc thi
H thng thot nc ma, nc thi sinh hot c tch ring bit bng h thng cc mng rnh thot nc xy bng gch bao quanh nh xng. B rng thot nc trung bnh 300mm cc on qua ng giao thng s dng ng b tng ct thp. Lu lng nc bn: Lu lng nc thi tnh bng 80% lng nc cp dnh cho sinh hot v sn xut: QNT = 3655 x 80% = 2924 m3/ngy D n s u t h thng ng ng thu gom nc thi ti cc khu vc pht sinh, tp trung a v trm x l nc thi ca nh my vi cng sut ca h thng x l nc thi l 3000 m3/ngy m v tiu chun nc thi u ra ca h thng ny theo TCVN 5945:2005 loi A. Hin ti, KCN M Phc c trm x l nc thi tp trung vi cng sut 16.000m3/ngy. Tuy nhin, do lu lng nc thi ca D n l kh ln nn nc thi sau x l s c thi thng ra sng Th Tnh m khng cho chy vo trm x l tp trung ca khu cng nghip. e. H thng in D n s s dng in li quc gia cung cp chung cho khu cng nghip M Phc t 2 tuyn Tn nh M Phc v Bn Ct M Phc (22KV). in s c cung cp ti ranh gii khu t, cng sut trm l 100MAV, m bo cho vic sn xut cng nghip, p ng c yu cu v in cho d n. Nhu cu s dng in ca D n vo nm hot ng n nh khong 30.000.000 KWh/nm. Nh vy, D n nm trong khu vc c h thng cung cp in rt thun li. Tuy nhin, phng nga trng hp cp in t xut, Cng ty s trang b 01 my pht in vi cng sut 750KVA. H thng thu st - Thit k h thng chng st cu SAINT-ELMO MODEL SE.6 c thit k theo tiu chun Nf C17 102 FRANKLIN FRANCE/CEA SYSTEM t tiu chun quc t (CEI). - S dng cu thu st, vi thit b kch thch p in. f. Giao thng vn ti, thng tin lin lc Khu vc thc hin d n c t ti l I-CN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng, nm cch i l Bnh Dng khong 1,5km. Nh vy d n nm ti
khu vc c h thng giao thng hon chnh rt thun li cho vic vn chuyn nguyn liu v sn phm ca d n. Ngoi ra, d n cch Cng Si Gn khong 50 km v hng ng Nam v cch Ga Sng Thn khong 30 km nn cng rt thun li cho vic vn chuyn hng ho ca d n bng ng st v ng bin. H thng thng tin lin lc c u t xy dng hon thin, p ng tt nhu cu ca D n. g. Cy xanh phng h mi trng Hin ti khu t thc hin D n l khu t trng v xung quanh khu vc ny l cc nh my ang hot ng. D kin, trong tng lai gn khi nh my c xy dng v i vo hot ng ch u t s quy hoch din tch trng cy xanh thch hp vi din tch trng cy xanh t 15-25% nhm to cnh quan xanh, sch, p v mt m ca nh my. Vic trng cy xanh cng ty s chn la nhng cy xanh thch hp cho cnh quan ca mnh v mt khc gim nhng tc ng nh hng pht sinh t nh my n cc khu vc ln cn. h. Trm x l nc thi Vi c trng ca ngnh sn xut dt nhum ca D n, lng nc s dng phc v cho qu trnh sn xut rt ln khong 3000 m3/ngy m. Thnh phn nc thi dt nhum thng khng n nh, lu lng v tnh cht nc thi thay i ph thuc vo thit b, sn phm, cng ngh nhum Nc thi ch yu pht sinh t cng on nhum, mi trng nhum c th l acid hoc baz hoc trung tnh. Do , gi tr pH dao ng rt ln t 5 - 12. Nc thi nhum c hm lng cht hu c, BOD, COD cao. Do , vic xy dng trm x l nc thi trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn l ht sc cn thit. i. Trm tp kt cht thi rn sn xut v sinh hot D n s xy dng trm tp trung cht thi rn pht sinh t qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca nh my. Cht thi rn pht sinh s c nh my b tr nhn vin thu gom v tp trung ti y, sau s hp ng vi n v c chc nng thu gom gii quyt lng cht thi pht sinh ny. i vi cc cht thi thuc thnh phn cht thi nguy hi cng ty s qun l v x l cht thi loi ny theo quy nh ca lut mi trng Vit Nam. 1.4.3. Chi tit v vn u t Tng vn u t thc hin D n Vn gp thc hin D n Vn vay : 479.500.000.000 VND ~ 29.819.252 USD : 254.400.000.000 VND ~ 15.819.252 USD : 234.100.000.000 VND ~ 14.000.000 USD
Trong : - Vn c nh: 28.131.168 USD + Nh xng, vn phng: 13.200.000 USD + My mc thit b: 14.391.168 USD + Vn c nh khc: 540.000 USD - Vn lu ng: 1.688.084 USD
Trang 11
1.4.4. Tin thc hin D n Tin thc hin D n s bao gm cc giai on: san lp gii phng mt bng, qu trnh xy dng c bn, hon thin cng trnh, lp rp my mc, vn hnh th v sn xut. Quy trnh thi cng cng trnh c tm tt qua s khi sau:
SAN LP MT BNG XY DNG C BN HON THIN LP RP MY MC VN HNH TH V SN XUT
Bi v kh thi, ting n, cht thi rn, nc thi
Ting n, cht thi rn
Ting n
Ting n, cht thi rn Nc thi
M t qu trnh thi cng:
Giai on san lp mt bng c thc hin bi Ch u t Khu Cng nghip do khng gy nh hng n mi trng trong thi gian thc hin D n. Giai on xy dng c bn gm c cc hot ng nh xy mng, btng tr, xy tng, v qu trnh lp t cc kt cu khung ko st, thp, mi tole. Cng vi giai on xy dng c bn s c cc hot ng nh phi trn nguyn vt liu, ng tho coppha v qu trnh ct, g, hn cc chi tit kim loi, Cc hot ng ny c th tin hnh cao nguy him, s dng ngun in nng cho mt s my mc thit b in. Cc loi nguyn vt liu s dng trong giai on ny gm c ximng, ct, gch, , v st thp. Qu trnh hon thin cng trnh: Qu trnh ny bao gm qut vi, sn tng, lp rp xy dng h thng cp thot nc, h thng cp in v qu trnh thu gom cc cht thi, qut dn mt bng. Trong giai on ny cht thi sinh ra nhiu. Sau khi hon tt cng trnh th doanh nghip s tin hnh lp t thit b my mc vn hnh th v a vo sn xut. Bng 1.1 Bng tin thc hin d n Ni dung cng vic Khi cng, thi cng xy dng lp t Lp t my mc thit b o to cng nhn Chy th khng ti, c ti v sn xut th Thi gian 10 thng 3,5 thng 1 thng 2 thng
1.4.5. Cng ngh sn xut Qu trnh sn xut ca cng ty c thc hin trn mt dy chuyn my mc hin i c tnh t ng ho cao. Ton b quy trnh sn xut ca D n c trnh by nh sau:
S i Hnh 1.2. S cng ngh sn xut ca d n DT

Ting n Bi+cht thi rn Ting n+cht thi rn Nc thi + Kh thi
R H
THO NC (VT NC, SY) TY TRNG + GIT
Nc thi Kh thi Nc thi Kh thi+cht thi rn Nc thi Kh thi + cht thi rn Nhit Ting n Nhit Nc thi Kh thi+cht thi rn Ting n Bi
NHUM NH HNH (cun t = 25300C) THO NC (VT NC, SY)
NH BNG
KIM TRA
Hng km cht lng
NG GI
Cht thi rn Trang 13
THNH PHM
a. Thuyt minh s lc cng ngh sn xut Nguyn liu si c nhp v nh my s c lu tr kho cha ca nh my. Cc loi si ny s c cho vo cng on dt v r h nhm lin kt cc loi si ny li vi nhau theo yu cu t hng ca khch hng t khu , di v tng bn cho sn phm. Si sau khi qua cng on ny s chuyn sang cng on tho nc (vt nc v sy) nhm lm ro kh sn phm th, tng hiu qu cho cng on nhum. Ti cng on nhum mu, vi th c nhum theo phng php nhum hp. Tu theo yu cu mu sc ca sn phm, thuc nhum c phi mu theo chng trnh lp trn my vi tnh v qu trnh nhum thc hin nhit cao. Sau khi hp mu, vi tm c a vo cng on nh hnh (cun ) nhm gn mu, p thuc nhum bn cht hn trong sn phm. Sau vi c cho vo my vt ly tm kh nc ri sy kh trn my sy. Sau cng si c bi trn mt lp du bi trn v nh thnh cun. Sn phm to thnh c a qua cc my kim tra cng ko, phai mu. Sn phm sau khi kim tra t cc yu cu k thut c em ng gi bao b v nhp kho chun b xut xng. b. Danh mc sn phm Sn phm ca D n ch yu l cc loi vi, sn phm sau khi sn xut s c xut khu, danh mc sn phm s c lit k di y: Bng 1.4. Danh mc sn phm Tn sn phm Vi kho dn Vi dt Vi li cc loi Vi thun Vi lng x Tng cng 1.4.6. Danh mc thit b my mc phc v sn xut Cc my mc thit b trong dy chuyn sn xut ca cng ty khi a vo s dng l cc my mi hon ton ch yu nhp khu t Hn Quc v ton ton b thit b c thit k v sn xut vo nm 2005 -2007. Danh mc my mc, thit b ca Cng ty nh sau: Bng 1.5. My mc thit b u t ti D n Tn my mc thit b L hi (10 tn hi/gi) My pht in 750KVA
n v tnh tn tn tn tn tn
S lng/nm 1.000 8.000 1.000 4.500 2.000 16.500
n v tnh B Ci
S lng 2 1
Hin trng (%) 100 100
Xut x Hn Quc Hn Quc

Trang 14
Tn my mc thit b Tng cng Xe ti Xe t Xe nng Tng cng

My nhum vi
n v tnh
S lng 862
Hin trng (%)
Xut x
Phng tin giao thng + vn chuyn Chic Chic Chic 5 5 7 17 90 90 90 Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam
STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Tn My My ngm kim ng My quay Thit b x dc cho vi mu My nhum p sut Kh nc ly tm My nhum si nh(loi nh) My nhum si nh(Loi ln ) My may My nhum p sut (loi nh) My nhum thi To xu v ng x dc Ma nhum thi My nhum p sut My sy My x l ho cht dnh lm mm nc To xu v ng x dc My c c m Khung cn vi To xu v ng x dc My c c m My git My sy My nn kh Thit b phc hi nhit tha Tng cng
SL 2 3 1 6 1 3 6 2 6 5 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 4 4 1
n Gi 72.000 8.000 43.200 59.760 10.000 32.400 78.447 800 18.000 57.600 72.000 57.600 59.880 86.400 102.960 72.000 216.000 270.000 72.000 21.600 21.600 14.400 4.500 405.000
Thnh tin 144.000 24.000 43.200 358.560 10.000 97.200 470.682 1.600 108.000 288.000 216.000 172.800 119.760 86.400 102.960 72.000 216.000 810.000 144.000 43.200 64.800 57.600 18.000 405.000 4.073.762
Tnh trng TS 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100%
My nhum ch
Trang 15
STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Tn My My qun ch My cun ch My nhum ch My nhum ch Kh nc ly tm My sy nhit in mi Cn trc Tng cng
SL 7 8 9 7 2 2 2
n Gi 10.000 10.00 67.000 25.000 10.000 10.000 50.000
Thnh tin 70.000 80.000 603.000 175.000 20.000 20.000 100.000 1,068,000
Tnh trng TS 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100%
My dt STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 Tn My My dt n Khung dt n bng my tnh Vin n (my tnh) My dt i Khung dt i (my tnh) Vin i (my tnh) Tng cng SL 45 10 10 60 15 10 n Gi 16,500 22,500 24,500 10,000 30,500 26,500 Thnh tin 742,500 225,000 245,000 600,000 457,500 265,000 2,535,000 Tnh trng TS 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100%
Trang 16
1.4.7. Nhu cu nguyn nhin liu v nng lng Bng 1.6. Nhu cu nguyn liu hot ng ti D n trong nm sn xut n nh Tn nguyn liu Si Polyester Si nylon Si PP Si co gin (si thun) H tinh bt Polivinyl Thuc ty H2O2 Thuc nhum Dispernol Thuc nhum Inkanol Thuc nhum Inkkol Thuc nhum Nonstat Thuc nhum Carianol Tng cng Nhin liu Du FO Du DO 1.4.8. Nhu cu lao ng Khi i vo hot ng n nh, nhu cu lao ng ca D n l 5.460 ngi. Trong , s phn phi lao ng nh sau: Bng 1.7. Nhu cu lao ng Loi lao ng Cn b qun l K thut v gim st Cng nhn lnh ngh Cng nhn gin n Nhn vin vn phng Tng cng S lng 15 40 5.025 300 80 5.460 tn lt 936 31.200 n v tnh Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn S lng 10.000 2.000 1.300 3.600 500 800 1.500 440 180 30 20 110 20.480
Chng 2
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG & KINH T X HI

2.1.
iu kin t nhin v mi trng
2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht D n c thc hin ti l I-CN, KCN M Phc, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng, tng din tch 137.400 m2. Ti khu vc ny hin nay xung quanh l t trng v ang c cc d n u t thnh lp cng ty sn xut, cc d n ny ang c hnh thnh. ng x giao thng cng nh thng tin lin lc ti D n c s u t hon thin ca tnh nn rt thun li cho vic pht trin ca D n. Nh vy, D n c u t ti ni rt thun li cho vic pht trin trong qu trnh hot ng ca D n. 2.1.1.1. iu kin v a l: Huyn Bn Ct nm trong vng kinh t trng im pha Nam, vng kinh t pht trin ln nht v nng ng nht ca c nc cch th x Th Du Mt trung tm tnh l Bnh Dng 20km, trung tm thnh ph H Ch Minh 50km v pha Bc trung tm kinh t - ti chnh cng nghip v khoa hc cng ngh ca c nc v vy Huyn d dng thu ht cc ngun vn, tip nhn nhanh chng c khoa hc cng ngh. C tng din tch t nhin 59.052 ha, chim 20,71% din tch tnh Bnh Dng. Pha Bc gip Huyn Chn Thnh - tnh Bnh Phc Pha Nam gip th x Th Du Mt Pha Ty gip sng Si Gn (Huyn C Chi - Thnh ph H Ch Minh) Pha ng gip Huyn Tn Uyn tnh Bnh Dng. 2.1.1.2. a cht (Ngun: Phng Ti nguyn nc - S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Bnh Dng) Lp t mt:
Lp ny (lp th nhng) ph trm ln ton b lp Laterit. Thnh phn bao gm: ct pha st, st bt, ri rc c cc mnh vn Laterit v cui si thch anh. Ct pha st c mu nu vng, vng nht, xm trng, khi ln mn hu c c mu nu en. Thnh phn ct thch anh l ht nh n mn. Chiu dy lp mt t thay i theo a hnh, phn cao ph mng, phn trng thp ph dy, song thng thay i t 0,2 2m c bit c mt s ni n 4m. Lp Laterit:
B dy lp ny thng thay i, dy a hnh cao v mng dn a hnh thp, trung bnh dy 1 2m. Laterit tn ti di dng cc hn, cc hnh thc mo m, cng chc kch thc khng u. Lp ct, sn cha st:
Trang 18
Nm di lp Laterit l lp ct, sn cha st. Lp ny c din tch phn b rng, su t 25 30m so vi mt a hnh. y l tp hp cc lp mng gm ct, ct cha st, ct sn xen k nhau, cng xung su cng th dn. Tham kho ti liu a cht chung ca ton khu vc, kt hp thc t thi cng mt s cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip ti khu vc c th xc nh iu kin a cht cng trnh khu vc rt tt. Cng chu nn ca t nn t 1,2 1,5 daN/cm2, cc b ln n trn 2 daN/cm2. Vi c tnh th nhng nh trn th vng ny rt thun li cho pht trin xy dng do c nn t cng, dc thoi d thot nc, khng thch hp cho nng nghip v t ngho dinh dng v gi nc km. 2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng thy vn 2.1.2.1. iu kin kh tng (ngun: http://www.binhduong.gov.vn/vi/thongtin.asp?idata=318) Khu vc thc hin D n mang c im kh hu nhit i gi ma, nng m km theo ma nhiu v phn b thnh 2 ma r rt trong nm: ma ma t thng 5 11 v ma kh t thng 12 4 nm sau. Trong nhng nm gn y, kh hu ca khu vc ni ring v tnh Bnh Dng ni chung c nhng din bin bt thng. Theo bo hin trng mi trng tnh Bnh Dng nm 2006, s bin i kh hu ca tnh trong nhng nm qua nh sau: a. Nhit Nhit khng kh nh hng trc tip n qu trnh chuyn ho v pht tn cc cht nhim trong kh quyn. Nhit khng kh cng cao th tc cc phn ng ho hc xy ra cng nhanh v thi gian lu tn cc cht nhim cng nh. S bin thin gi tr nhit s nh hng n qu trnh pht tn bi v kh thi, n qu trnh trao i nhit ca c th v sc kho ngi lao ng. Nhit trung bnh l 26,70C, nhit trung bnh thng cao nht l 28,70C, nhit trung bnh thng thp nht l 25,50C. S chnh lch gia thng nng nht v lnh nht l 3,20C. S gi nng trung bnh c nm l 2.526 gi, s gi nng trung bnh ngy l 5-8 gi. Bnh Dng l vng c nhit kh hu n ho, nng m, thun li cho vic xy dng cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip. b. m khng kh m tng i cao, m cao nht trong nm vo gia ma ma (thng 8,9), m thp nht trong nm vo gia ma kh (thng 2,3). m trung bnh nm m cao tuyt i m thp tuyt i : 80 90% : 86,5% : 74%
Trang 19
m cao nht thng xy ra vo gi ma ma do gi ma Ty Nam thi vo ma ma mang li v m thp nht xy ra vo gia ma kh. c. Bc x mt tri Bc x mt tri l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nh hng trc tip n ch nhit trong vng v qua s nh hng n mc bn vng kh quyn v qu trnh pht tn bin i cc cht gy nhim. Bc x mt tri s lm thay i trc tip nhit ca vt th tu thuc vo kh nng phn x v hp th bc x ca n nh b mt lp ph, mu sn, tnh cht b mt. . . Bc x mt tri gm ba loi c bn : bc x trc tip, bc x tn x, bc x tng cng. Cng bc x trc tip ln nht vo thng 2,3 c th t n 0,720,79cal/cm2/pht, t thng 6-12 c th t n 0,42-0,46 cal/cm2/pht vo nhng gi tra. d. Ch ma Ch ma cng s nh hng n cht lng khng kh. Khi ma ri s cun theo bi v cc cht nhim c trong kh quyn cng nh cc cht nhim trn mt t, ni m nc ma sau khi ri s chy qua. Cht lng nc ma tu thuc vo cht lng kh quyn v mi trng khu vc. Trung bnh nm Thng 1 -2 hu nh khng c ma Lng ma 1 ngy ln nht S ngy ma bnh qun nm : 177 mm : 162 ngy : 1655 mm Thng 9 c lng ma cao nht, lng ma chim trn 400mm.
Ma ma bt u t thng 5 11 v chim 92% lng ma c nm.
e. Ch nng Ma kh l ma c s gi nng ln nht, t cc i 7,8 8,5 gi/ngy vo cc thng 2,3 v 4. Trong cc thng ma, thng 9 l thng c gi nng t nht: 4 6 gi/ngy. S gi nng trung bnh trong nm l 2.526 gi. Khu vc khng c sng m. f. Gi v hng gi Gi l mt nhn t quan trng trong qu trnh pht tn v lan truyn cc cht nhim trong kh quyn. Khi vn tc gi cng ln, kh nng lan truyn bi v cc cht nhim cng xa, kh nng pha long vi khng kh sch cng ln. Mi nm c 2 ma gi r rt theo 2 ma ma v kh. Ma ma c gi ch o l hng Ty Nam. Ma kh c gi ch o l hng ng Bc. Chuyn tip gia hai ma c gi ng v ng Nam. Tc gi trung bnh t
: t 10 15m/s.
Trang 20
Tc gi ln nht t
: 25 30m/s.
Khu vc khng chu nh hng ca gi bo. 2.1.2.2. iu kin v thy vn (Ngun: Phng Ti nguyn nc - S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Bnh Dng) Trn c s tng hp cc ti liu iu tra, kho st thc a v cu trc a cht, c trng nc v thnh phn ha, c th chia khu vc nh my c cc n v a cht thy vn nh sau:
Tng cha nc l hng trong cc trm tch Pleistocen (qp1)
Tng cha nc ny phn b rng khp trong vng nghin cu, chng l ngay trn mt v ph chnh hp ln tng cha nc Pliocen. - Thnh phn gm: Pha trn l st bt, st ln sn si laterit, i ch xen k cc lp ct bt, mu nu , xm trng. Chiu dy lp 8.0m (LK TU2b), lp trm tch ht mn ny phn b rng khp theo khng gian v c kh nng thm nc. Phn pha di l ct mn n trung th, chiu dy 6.0 m (TU2b), c kh nng cha nc tt. Tuy nhin, do phn b cao ln nn mc nc tnh ca tng ny su, nhiu ni khng c hoc c rt t nc vo ma kh. - Mc nc di t thay i theo ma v theo a hnh. - Trong khu vc kho st khai thc, tng nc Pleistocen (qp1) cho n nay cha c ti liu nghin cu mt cch h thng v quy lut phn b, th nm, mc cha nc, cng nh cc thng s a cht thy vn. Trn c s cc ti liu thu thp v phn tch thnh phn thch hc cho thy: kh nng cha nc t trung bnh n ngho, nc thuc loi nc nht, nc khng p hoc nc p lc yu cc b. Ngun cung cp ch yu l nc ma, nc mt v thot ra sng sui trong vng. Tng cha nc l hng trong cc trm tch Pliocen (n2) - Tng cha nc Pliocen phn b rng khp trong vng nghin cu, chng khng l ra trn mt m b ph bi tng cha nc Pleistocen v ph bt chnh hp ln tng cha nc khe nt trong mng Mesozoi. - Thnh phn t gm: Phn pha trn c thnh phn l st i ch xen kp lp st bt ct mu xm vng, nu , xm trng, b dy lp 16m (TU2b). Do c thnh phn ht mn chim u th nn lp ny c kh nng cch nc rt tt. Phn di l lp ct ht mn n th ln sn si thch anh, kh nng cha nc tt, trong lp cha nc ny thng xen kp cc lp ct bt st (dy t vi chc cm n vi mt) mu xm trng, xm vng. B dy cha nc 26m (TU2b). - Mc nc di t thay i theo ma v theo a hnh, mc nc tnh 22.0 m (TU2b). Tng cha nc Pliocen trn thuc nc p lc. Kh nng cha nc giu n trung bnh, kt qu ht nc ti ging khoan TU2b cho t lu lng l 0,3 l/sm. Nc
thuc loi nc nht, tng khong ha thng thay i t 0,05 g/l n 0,1 g/l, loi hnh ha hc ca nc l bicarbonat calci, bicarbonat clorua sunfat. - Nc ca tng Pliocen trn khng c quan h trc tip vi nc mt nhng c quan h gin tip vi nc ma (nin cung cp xa vng nghin cu). Hng vn ng ca nc ch yu theo hng ng Bc Ty Nam. Tm li, tng nc Pliocen trn c kh nng cha nc t trung bnh n giu. Cht lng nc tt, p ng c nhu cu khai thc nc tp trung. y l tng cha nc c nhiu trin vng nht trong vng.
Tng cha nc khe nt trong mng mesozoi (MZ) Tng ny phn b trong ton vng nghin cu, chng khng l trn mt m b ph khng chnh hp bi tng cha nc Pliocen. Thnh phn thch hc ch yu l st kt, bt kt, ct kt, c ni l Anezit, a xit. Hin nay tng nc ny cha c nghin cu nhiu, cc l khoan nghin cu cn rt t. Kh nng cha nc km, nc di t tn ti v vn ng trong cc i nt n ca gc. Tm li, y l tng cha nc ngho, li phn b su, nn kh nng khai thc rt hn ch, t c gi tr cp nc vi quy m cng nghip v tp trung. iu kin thy vn nc mt Sng Si Gn bt ngun t h Du Ting chy qua a phn tnh Bnh Dng ch yu l huyn Du Ting, Bn Ct trn a hnh g i thp vo sng Si Gn ti to 10603530E, 110232N ni gip ranh gia huyn Bn Ct v huyn C Chi trn a hnh ng bng snh ly trng thp. Sng di khong 100km. C nhiu ph lu nh vi din tch lu vc rng 1.000 km2. hu ht ton b chiu di con sng u chy trn cc trm tch t vi dc nh. on ny dng sng c hng chy chnh Bc Nam, un khc vi cung ln, mt vi ni c khc ngoc hp. Chiu rng lng sng ti khu vc ny thu hp dn t ca sng n thng ngun. Rng nht l khu vc Ng ba sng Si Gn Th Tnh khong 70 80m, on gia hp dn khong 50 60m v n khu vc Cu chiu rng ch cn khong 30 40m. Vn tc dng chy trn sng Si Gn thay i t 1,5 2 m/s ph thuc theo ma. Sng Si Gn chu nh hng ca ch bn nht triu vi bin dao ng mc nc ln xung thay i t 1 3 m. Mc nc cao nht +4m, thp nht +1m. Do nh hng ca thu triu, mt s ni dc theo 2 b sng ca h ngun gn ca sng c th b ngp nc trong nhng ngy triu cng, c bit vo ma ma.
Trang 22
2.1.3. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin nh gi hin trng mi trng ti khu vc nh my, Ch u T kt hp vi Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn, Trung tm T vn & Chuyn giao Cng ngh An ton v sinh lao ng v Bo v mi trng (Trung tm COSHEPS) trc thuc Vin nghin cu khoa hc k thut bo h lao ng Phn vin min Nam tin hnh kho st, ly mu v phn tch cc ch tiu hin trng mi trng ti D n. 2.1.3.1. H sinh thi mi trng nc mt
H sinh thi thu sinh ca ca sng Si gn ti khu vc ny ch yu: thc vt ph du nh: cc loi to Silic, to lc, to mt Euglenophyta, cn phong ph, iu ny chng t nc mt ti y cn tng i sch, cha b nhim cht hu c, cn kh nng tip nhn. ng vt ph du v cht lng bn y lu vc sui tng i ngho, khng phong ph, dng sui b nh hng bi cc loi cht thi cng nghip. 2.1.3.2. H sinh thi mi trng t
Khu vc thc hin D n hin nay l t trng c KCN quy hoch. Thc vt ch yu l cy c di. Nhn chung, s hnh thnh v hot ng ca d n s lm thu hp v thay i cu trc che ph ca h thm thc vt ti y. Khu vc d n khng c ng vt qu him cn bo tn. 2.1.3.3. Hin trng mi trng khng kh
Thng 3/2008 nhm kho st, o c hin trng cht lng mi trng ca Trung tm COSHEPS tin hnh o c trc tip ti im xy dng D n. Phng php ly mu v phn tch cc ch tiu tun th theo Standard Methods. Cc s liu phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh c th hin Bng 2.1. V tr ly mu c trnh by trong Hnh 2.1. Bng 2.1. Kt qu phn tch mu kh ti khu vc d n
S T T 1 2 3 V tr o c KK-01 KK-02 KK-03 Ch tiu phn tch CO SO2 NO2 Bi 3 3 3 (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) 1,4 1,2 1,2 30 0,10 0,08 0,10 0,35 0,02 0,01 0,02 0,2 0,25 0,22 0,24 0,3 n (dBA) 42 - 45 41 - 42 40 - 42 75 (TCVN 5949-1998) Nhit 0 ( C) 29,3 30,5 30,8 Tc gi (m/s) 0,4 -1,7 0,5 -2,2 0,5 -2,3 m (%) 62 -64 64 -65 64 -65 -
TCVN 5937:2005 5938:2005
Nhn xt: Thi im tin hnh o c ca D n vo lc 9h30 ngy 24/3/2008 trong iu kin tri mt, khng ma, gi nh, nhit khng kh l 30,50C. Theo kt qu o c v
phn tch mu khng kh ti cc v tr trong khu t d n cho thy cc ch tiu u t TCVN 5949-1998 v cc tiu chun TCVN 5937, 5938:2005. Vi kt qu o c nh vy, ta thy rng ti v tr trn ta c th xy dng nh my sn xut dt nhum vi, v hin trng mi trng c th tip nhn ngun thi t d n, tuy nhin trc khi thi ra mi trng d n cn phi x l t tiu chun ngun tip nhn. 2.1.3.4. Hin trng mi trng nc Nc ngm Tu thuc vo su m ta c cc tr lng nc ngm khc nhau cho tng su , tuy nhin qua kho st a cht cho thy tng nc ngm ti khu vc ny kh phong ph c th p ng c nhu cu khai thc nc tp trung nhm cung cp nc s dng cho khu vc. Bng 2.2. Phn tch kt qu mu nc ngm STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nhn xt: Qua kt qu phn tch ti nhng v tr trn cho thy hu ht tt c cc ch tiu phn tch u t tin chun cho php theo TCVN 5944-1995 ngoi tr ch tiu pH. Do vy, trong qu trnh hot ng, nu s dng nc ngm phc v trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut cng nh sinh hot ch u t cn phi c cc bin php x l nc ngm trc khi a vo s dng. Nc mt Nc thi t d n sau khi c x l t tiu chun theo yu cu ca ngun tip nhn s c x thi ra Sng Th Tnh. c c s nh gi hin trng mi trng nc pH SS Fe N-NO3 ClSO42 cng Coliform Fecal Coliform Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l MPN/100ml MPN/100ml Thng s n v tnh Kt qu 5,8 2,1 0,04 0,64 16,3 22,8 0,08 0 0 TCVN 5944-1995 6,5 - 8,5 750-1500 1-5 45 200-600 200-400 300-500 -
Trang 24
mt khu vc ny cng nh sc chu ti ca n, n v t vn tin hnh ly mu v phn tch cc ch tiu nhim trong nc mt. Kt qu nh sau: Bng 2.3. Kt qu phn tch mu nc mt ST T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 pH SS BOD5 COD DO N tng P tng Du m khong Coliform Thng s n v tnh Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l MPN/100ml MPN/100ml Kt qu 6,1 41,2 15 29 3,6 5,6 0,04 0 75 TCVN 5942-1995 (ct B) 5,5 9 80 25 35 2 10.000 TCVN 5945-2005 (ct A) 6-9 50 30 50 15 4 5 3.000
Nhn xt: Vi kt qu phn tch mu nc mt sng Th Tnh c cc ch tiu u t tiu chun ct B (TCVN 5942:1995) Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi trc h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca ton khu cng nghip cho thy mu nc ti y c mt s ch tiu khng t tiu chun B theo TCVN 5945-2005. Tuy nhin, sau khi nc thi ca KCN qua h thng x l nc thi tp trung th cc ch tiu phn tch hu ht u t tiu chun TCVN 5945-2005 ct A.
2.1.3.5.
Hin trng mi trng t
c c s nh gi hin trng mi trng t khu vc ny cng nh sc chu ti ca n, n v t vn tin hnh ly mu v phn tch cc ch tiu nhim trong t c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 2.4 Kt qu quan trc cht lng t STT 1 2 3 4 5 Thng s pHH2O Clo hu c P hu c Cu Pb n v tnh mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g Kt qu 6,4 KPH KPH 2,4 KPH TCVN 4,4-6,87 (TCVN 7377-2004) 0,04-0,30 (TCVN 7374-2004) 100 (TCVN 7209-2002) 300 (TCVN 7209-2002)
Trang 25
6 7 8
Zn Hg Cd
mg/g mg/g mg/g
31 KPH 1,2
300 (TCVN 7209-2002) 10 (TCVN 7209-2002)
Qua kt qu phn tch mu t ti khu vc d n, cho thy cc ch tiu o c ti khu vc u t tiu chun Vit Nam, nh vy cht lng t kh tt khng b nh hng ca thuc bo v thc vt v khng b nhim kim loi nng.
Hnh 2.1: S cc v tr ly mu kho st hin trng mi trng khu vc D n Ghi ch: KK-01, KK-02, KK-03: Cc v tr ly mu khng kh NN-01: V tr ly mu nc ngm NM-01: V tr ly mu nc mt -01: V tr ly mu t
Trang 26
2.2.
iu kin kinh t x hi
2.2.1. iu kin kinh t Theo bo co hin trng kinh t x hi th trn M Phc nm 2007 v nh hng pht trin kinh t x hi trong nm 2008 ca y ban nhn dn th trn M Phc th hin trng kinh t - x hi khu vc nh sau: Pht trin cng nghip - tiu th cng nghip Tnh n nay trn a bn Th trn vn duy tr 12 c s tiu th cng nghip hot ng n nh v c hiu qu. Hin c 115 n v doanh nghip n ng k u t, xy dng nh my.Trong 82% l doanh nghip nc ngoi.Tnh n nay c 35 nh my i vo hot ng vi s lng trn 20.000 cng nhn tham gia lao ng trn c 03 khu cng nghip M Phc 1, M Phc 2, M Phc 3. Pht trin thng mi dch v n cui nm 2006 c khong 1.230 h kinh doanh nhiu ngnh ngh khc nhau. c bit l nh tr pht trin mnh vi 295 khu nh tr, nh cho thu tr ln nh vi 3.911 phng tr. V sn xut nng nghip Do quy hoch cng nghip v th , din tch t nng nghip b thu hp, sn lng la v cc loi hoa mu khng ng k. Lnh vc chn nui cng b nh hng ca cc loi dch bnh nn cng khng pht trin.Tuy nhin, ngnh nng nghip Th trn cng c nhiu hot ng nh phi hp vi c quan th y Huyn tin hnh kim tra dch cm gia cm v phun thuc v sinh tiu c trn a bn Th trn; t chc tim chch phng dch cho 4.040 con gia cm cc loi. Do vy trong thi gian qua , khng xy ra dch bnh trn a bn Th trn 2.2.2. X hi Dn s ton Huyn l 35.084 ngi; s lao ng hin c 80.040 ngi chim 59,25% tng dn s, bao gm lao ng trong lnh vc nng nghip 31.573 ngi chim 39,45%; lao ng cng nghip xy dng 34.193 ngi chim 42,72%; lao ng trong lnh vc thng mi dch v 14.274 ngi chim 17,83%. Hin ti ton Huyn c 561 ngi l dn tc thiu s chim 0,42% bao gm 13 dn tc Khme: 363 ngi; Mng: 94 ngi; Ty: 27 ngi; Nng: 14 ngi; Chm: 13 ngi; Sting: 12 ngi; : 10 ngi; Thi: 6 ngi; Sn Du: 6 ngi; Bali: 5 ngi; n : 5 ngi; Chu ro: 4 ngi; T mun: 2 ngi. S h s dng in t 97%; s h dng nc sch 94,6%; t l h s dng in thoi t 15,81 my/100dn; t l h ngho cn 0,83% v xy tng 22 cn nh tnh ngha, h tr sa cha 24 cn nh tnh ngha, xy tng 169 cn nh tnh thng. gii quyt cng n vic lm cho 6.840 lao ng a phng.
Ton Huyn c 51 trng vi 1.598 gio vin v 28.666 hc sinh trong : 04 trng trung hc ph thng lu ho; 08 trng trung hc c s (02 trng lu ho); 24 trng tiu hc (01 trng lu ho); 08 trng mu gio; 07 trng mm non (lu ho 01 trng). Vic huy ng tr 6 tui vo lp 1 hng nm t 100%, hc sinh THCS t 90%.Trong 6 thng qua, ngnh gio dc Th trn c nhiu c gng trong cng tc chng m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc, trung hc c s, ng thi hon thnh h s ngh cng nhn t ph cp gio dc trung hc ph thng, ang trnh cp trn ph duyt.Cc trung tiu hc v trung hc c s trn a bn hon tt nm hc 20052006 vi t l hc sinh ln lp t 100% i vi cp 1 v t 99% i vi cp 2. Trong nm qua lc lng v trang t Huyn n c s c xy dng cng c v mi mt. An ninh chnh tr c gi vng n nh, Huyn lun coi trng cng tc phng nga, u tranh l nhim v thng xuyn v lin tc nhm ngn chn pht hin x l kp thi cc v vic xy ra. 2.3. Tnh hnh u t ti KCN M Phc Tnh n thng 03/2008, tng s d n thu ht u t ti KCN M Phc l 312 d n, vi tng mc vn u t l 2 t USD. Trong , c 250 d n ang trin khai xy dng hoc i vo hot ng. Tng s lao ng lm vic ti KCN M Phc l hn 40.000 ngi.
Trang 28
Chng 3
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
Cc cng on trin khai thc hin D n c th c phn chia thnh 2 giai on chnh: Giai on 1 : Chun b mt bng v xy dng c s h tng: bao gm: Ci to mt bng. Xy dng c s h tng cho D n. Bao gm; H thng ng ni b, quy hoch khng gian trng cy xanh. H thng thu gom nc ma v nc thi sn xut cng nh nc thi sinh hot H thng x l nc thi H thng cung cp in H thng cung cp nc H thng thng tin lin lc Cc cng trnh nh xng, nh kho nguyn liu, vn phng v cc cng trnh ph tr khc. . . . Giai on 2: Lp t my mc thit b, nhp v thu mua nguyn nhin liu v trin khai cc hot ng sn xut. Nh vy vic nh gi tc ng do cc hot ng ca D n cng s chia lm 2 phn chnh lin quan n qu trnh trin khai v hot ng ca D n. Bo co s phn tch, nh gi cc tc ng tim tng trong giai on 1 chun b mt bng v xy dng c s h tng; giai on 2 giai on d n i vo hot ng th v hot ng n nh: 3.1. a. Ngun gy tc ng Trong giai on trin khai v qu trnh xy dng D n 3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi Giai on san lp v xy dng cc c s h tng d kin thc hin bt u t thng 10/2007 (thi gian san lp v xy dng d kin trong vng 8 thng) bao gm san lp mt bng; xy dng h thng giao thng trong ni b; cng trnh nh xng; h thng cung cp in, nc, thng tin lin lc; xy dng h thng thot nc v x l nc thi. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.1.
Trang 29
Bng 3.1. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng. Stt Cc hot ng Ngun gy tc ng San lp mt bng, o t, vn Xe i san lp mt bng; xe ti vn chuyn t, 1 chuyn t, ct,... , ct, Xy dng nn, khu vn phng, nh Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu XD, t, ct, , bo v, nh n, nh xe, h thng ximng, giao thng, bn bi, kho cha, nh Hot ng ca my mc thi cng, trn 2 my xng sn xut... btng,... Qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy. Xy dng h thng cp thot nc Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu XD, t, ct, , 3 v x l nc, ... Qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy. Vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, thit Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu XD, t, ct, , 4 b phc v d n. Hot ng d tr, bo qun nhin Cc thng cha xng, du. 5 nguyn vt liu phc v cng trnh Sinh hot ca cng nhn ti cng Sinh hot ca 50 cng nhn vin trn cng 6 trng trng
Yu t tc ng v cc cht nhim - Ting n, rung, bi, cht thi rn, du m thi. . . . - Ting n, rung, bi, cht thi rn, du m thi, nhit , nc thi t ra my mc trn btng . . . .
- Ting n, rung, bi, cht thi rn, du m thi, nhit , nc thi t ra my mc trn btng . . . . - Ting n, rung, bi, cht thi rn, du m thi. . . . - S c r r, ho hon, mi dung mi hu c bay hi, - Cht thi rn sinh hot, nc thi sinh hot, tc ng n mi trng x hi
Trang 30
b.
Trong giai on trin khai cc hot ng sn xut.
Ngun pht sinh cht thi trong qu trnh sn xut ca d n ch yu tp trung l cht thi v c nh vi ph phm v nc thi pht sinh t qu trnh sn xut ca D n. ng thi trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my sn xut gia cng dt nhum, mt s ngun nhim t phng tin i li v vn chuyn cng gy tc ng nht nh, tuy nhin tc ng ny c th gim thiu n mc thp nht. Ngun pht sinh tc ng c nu c th trong bng 3.2. Bng 3.2. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng Stt Cc hot ng Qu trnh sn xut ca d n Ngun gy tc ng Hot ng dt vi, sy, nhum, nh bng, kim tra s sinh ra rt nhiu loi cht thi nh bi, cht thi rn, nc thi c cha hm lng mu cao, hm lng cht hu c cao. Cht thi rn nh cc loi ph phm... Nhit gy ra t cc l sy, kh thi nhim nh SO2, CO, NOx . . . Sinh ra ting n t my mc thit b. Sinh ra kh thi gy nhim khng kh nh CO, SOx, NOx, VOCs. Pht sinh cht thi rn t cc loi bao b, dy ai,... Qu trnh bc d nguyn liu, sn phm lm pht sinh bi. Sinh ra ting n t phng tin giao thng, vn chuyn. Gy tai nn giao thng, tai nn ngh nghip,...
Qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn nhin vt liu phc v cho qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca nh my. 2
Hot ng ca h thng x l Pht sinh nc thi nhim nu khng x l nc thi hiu qu. Pht sinh cht thi rn l bn thi. Hot ng d tr, bo qun Pht sinh dung mi hu c tc ng n mi nhin nguyn vt liu l xng trng khng kh v con ngi. du Gy cc s c r r nhin liu tc hi n mi trng khng kh, t, nc,... Hot ng ca my pht in Pht sinh kh thi gy nhim khng kh. Gy d phng ra ting n. Hot ng ca l hi s dng Pht sinh kh thi c cht nhim nh SO2, nhin liu du FO NOx, CO, TCH,... Ting n t cc qut cung cp kh cho l hi Sinh hot ca CB CNV ti Sinh hot ca 75 CB CNV gy ra cht thi rn, nh my nc thi,...
5 6 7
Trang 31
3.1.2 Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi a. Trong giai on trin khai v qu trnh xy dng D n Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.3. Bng 3.3. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng Stt 1 2 3 Ngun gy tc ng Tc ng
San i mt bng, o t,...cht cy, Gy xi mn t, ngp nc, nh hng pht quang bi rm,... nn mng, gy bin i vi kh hu,... Hot ng thi cng, my mc, san Bin i a cht, gy bin i vi kh hu. i mt bng S tp trung lng ln cng nhn Gy ra xo trn i sng x hi a (50 ngi). phng, mt an ninh trt t, v c th pht sinh nhng t nn khc.
b.
Trong giai on trin khai cc hot ng sn xut.
Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on hot ng ca d n hu nh khng c. Tuy nhin, chng ti cng d bo mt s vn v mi trng c th xy ra do hot ng ca d n. Cc vn ny c trnh by trong bng 3.4.
Trang 32
Bng 3.4. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on hot ng ca d n Stt 1 Hot ng Tc ng Qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn liu, H hng v nn mng, t ai, gy tai nn sn phm t qu trnh sn xut giao thng nh hng n nhit , ting n v rung trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my sn xut nh hng n mi trng kinh t, x hi ca khu vc d n,... Hot ng sn xut Cc tai nn lao ng c th xy ra. Gy thay i yu t vi kh hu t vic thc hin d n gy mt thm cy xanh ca khu vc v cc mi, nhit t qu trnh sy, x l nc thi, l hi, my pht in... Hot ng ca CB CNV Nh my Gy ra xo trn i sng x hi a vi s lng ln (5.460 lao ng) phng v c th gy ra nhng vn v x hi khc.
3.1.3. D bo nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra a. S c r r Trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n nguyn liu dng lng nh xng, du s c s dng cho cc my mc nh my pht in (d phng), cc phng tin vn chuyn. S c r r nguyn nhin liu dng lng khi xy ra s gy ra nhng tc hi ln nh gy c cho con ngi, gy chy, n... Cc s c loi ny c th dn ti thit hi ln v kinh t - x hi cng nh h sinh thi trong khu vc v cc vng ln cn. Kh nng xy ra s c r r ti khu vc d n l rt thp v c h thng bo qun nhin liu, ha cht an ton v ni xa khu vc gy nguy hi cho tnh mng v ti sn ca d n. b. S c chy, n S c gy chy, n xy ra khi cng nhn bt cn v la v in gy ha hon. Khi xy ra s c c th dn ti cc thit hi ln v kinh t - x hi v lm nhim c 3 h thng sinh thi nc, t, khng kh mt cch nghim trng. Hn na cn nh hng ti tnh mng con ngi v ti sn d n. Cng tc phng chng chy c thc hin thng xuyn nn kh nng xy ra v mc tc ng khng nhiu. 3.2. i tng v quy m b tc ng
3.2.1. Tc ng n mi trng sinh thi Cc tc ng ch yu lin quan n vic thi cc cht nhim nc, kh v cc cht thi rn vt qu mc cho php vo mi trng tip nhn gy nn nhng bin i c bn v h sinh thi. Cc i tng b tc ng do hot ng ca D n:
nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum Tc ng n mi trng t: qu trnh chun b mt bng/ o p t . . . s lm ph
v kt cu tng t ti khu vc ny, mt khc vic vn chuyn ca cc phng tin giao thng trong vic lu thng sn phm v nguyn vt liu phc v cho qu trnh sn xut s lm nh hng v rung ng n mi trng t cng nh d xy ra qu trnh st l t ai v ln t. Mt khc, trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca nh my vn pht sinh nc thi rt ng lu , nu lng nc thi pht sinh t d n khng c qun l tt r r ra mi trng t s lm nh hng n mi trng t cng nh tng nc ngm. Ngoi ra cn c du m thi pht sinh t hot ng ca my mc thit b ca nh cc phng tin giao thng, y l nhng loi cht thi thuc thnh phn cht thi nguy hi cn phi c qun l v thu gom hp l nhm trnh pht thi ra mi trng bn ngoi c bit l mi trng t, loi cht thi ny nu thi ra mi trng t s lm nh hng rt ln n nhng khu vc tip nhn trc tip ngun thi ny, lm cho nhng khu vc t y tr thnh t cht, khng th trao i nc. Do vy ch u t cn ch quan tm n vn ny.
Tc ng n mi trng nc: Cc tc ng i vi mi trng nc bt ngun t
nhim ngun nc do cc loi nc thi pht sinh t qu trnh chun b d n cng nh hot ng sn xut ca nh my v nc thi sinh hot ca nhn vin. i vi nc thi sinh hot pht sinh t qu trnh sinh hot ca cng nhn v nhn vin trong 2 giai on xy dng d n v hot ng sn xut, loi nc thi ny nu khng c qun l v x l trit s gy ra nhim mi cng nh gy ra hin tng ph dng ho cho ngun tip nhn nc thi loi ny nu ngun tip nhn khng th t lm sch. Mt khc, ngun nhim nc thi sn xut nu khng c qu l tt c th nh hng n mi trng sinh thi nh lm chm qu trnh sinh trng ca cc loi cy xanh, lm nhim mi trng nc mt, nc ngm v khi cc loi cht thi ny b nhim vi nng cao c th s lm cho cc loi cy xanh khng thch hp s cht, gy mi hi thi, mt v m quan ca D n.
Tc ng n mi trng khng kh: bi pht sinh t qu trnh chun b mt bng ch
yu l bi t , bi pht sinh t qu trnh vn chuyn ca phng tin giao thng, kh thi t l sy, my pht in, l hi. V mi hi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca D n. y l mt trong nhng ngun gy tc ng trc tip n mi trng khng kh cng nhng cc khu vc ln cn trong qu trnh trin khai cng nhng qu trnh hot ng ca D n. Do vy loi cht thi ny cn phi c x l trit trc khi thi ra mi trng tip nhn. Ch u t cn c bit quan tm n ngun pht thi ny. 3.2.2. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi Gp phn y nhanh tc cng nghip ha v hin i ha ca tnh Bnh Dng. Cung cp ngun sn phm phc v cho vic sn xut ca nh my sn xut hng may mc. ng gp ca d n vo ngn sch Nh nc: trc tip thng qua thu doanh thu v thu li tc t hot ng sn xut. To cng n vic lm vi thu nhp n nh cho khong gn 75 lao ng a phng lm vic trong nh my, gim p lc ca nn tht nghip v cc t nn x hi.
-
V vn giao thng vn ti: s hnh thnh v hot ng ca D n s gp phn cng cc hot ng khc trong khu vc lm cho tnh trng v sinh ng ph, bi tng ln do cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu. Mt giao thng trong
Trang 34
khu vc tng ln lm nh hng nhu cu i li ca nhn dn. Tuy nhin, chnh s pht trin ca D n cng gp phn ci thin h thng giao thng, ng x cng nh thc y qu trnh th ho trong khu vc.
-
Ngun in cung cp cho nh my l tuyn trung th 20 KV ca li in quc gia thng qua trm bin th 110/20 KV t ti huyn Bn Ct. Hin nay c cc ng dy cao th v trung th chy dc theo cc ng giao thng a in t trm bin th n cho cc nh my. Cng ty u t lp t 01 trm bin th a li in quc gia vo sn xut. Nh vy, D n nm trong khu vc c h thng cung cp in rt thun li. Tuy nhin, phng nga trng hp cp in t xut, Cng ty s trang b 1 my pht in vi cng sut 750KVA. Nh vy, d n nm trong khu vc c h thng cung cp in rt thun li cho vic cung cp in sn xut v sinh hot nh my. y cng l mt trong nhng li th khi thc hin D n. Do , tc ng n cung cp in c th b qua. Tc ng ca hot ng nh my ti sc khe cng nhn v dn c trong khu vc.
Ting n, rung pht sinh t d n lm nh hng n cng nhn lm vic trong nh my. Rung ng c th l tn hi n kt cu ca cc cng trnh trong khu vc. Ting n v rung cao hn tiu chun s gy nh hng n sc kho nh gy mt ng, mt mi, gy tm l kh chu. Ting n cn lm gim nng sut lao ng, sc khe ca cn b, cng nhn vin trong nh my. Tip xc vi ting n c cng cao trong thi gian di s lm thnh lc gim st, dn ti bnh ic ngh nghip. V vy nh my cn phi quan tm khng ch. Nhit mi trng lao ng cao gy tc hi n sc khe cng nhn. Vit Nam do kh hu nng m gi ma nn nhit thng cao. Do d xut hin nhng tai bin nguy him cho con ngi khi tip xc nhit qu ngng cho php s gy ra cc chng nh: Ri lon iu ha nhit, say nng, mt nc v mt mui khong, Trong c th con ngi s chng vi nhit ch yu bng cch mt nhit qua da khi tip xc vi kh mt, nu nhit bn ngoi bng nhit c th th s mt nhit bng bc x v i lu gim dn n c th chng bng cch ra m hi v xung huyt ngoi bin. S gin mch ngoi bin c th lm tt p, thiu mu no. Ra m hi nhiu gy kht d di, nu ung nc m khng c thm mui th gy gim Clo trong huyt tng. Lng mui mt cao nu khng b p s gy cc tay bin do gim clo nh: Nhc u, mt mi, nn v c bit l co rt c ngoi mun. Nu lm vic lu di s gy chng au u kinh nin. Cc kh nhim do c mc pht tn rng nn khng ch nh hng n sc khe ca cng nhn lao ng trong nh my m cn lm nh hng n ngi dn trong khu vc. i tng, quy m, mc b tc ng trong giai on xy dng d n c trnh by trong bng 3.5. Bng 3.5. Tm tt mc tc ng n mi trng ca cc hot ng xy dng TT 1 Hot ng San lp mt bng, o t, ng cc b tng,... Tc ng Khng kh +++ Nc +++ t +++ TN sinh hc Sc kho ++ +++
Trang 35
Xy dng nn, h thng giao thng ni b, kho cha, vn phng, h thng cp thot nc, h thng in v x l nc, ... Vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, thit b phc v d n (xi mng, , t, g, st thp, nhin liu, my mc, thit b,...) Hot ng d tr, bo qun nhin liu, nguyn vt liu phc v cng trnh
+++
++
+++
++
+++
+++
++
++
++
+++
++
++
+ +
++ ++
5 Sinh hot ca cng nhn. ++ +++ + Ngun : Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn, 04/2008 Ghi ch:
o+ o ++ o +++ t tc ng Tc ng trung bnh Tc ng mnh
i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng c trnh by trong bng 3.6. Bng 3.6. Tm tt mc tc ng n mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng Tc ng TT 1 2 3 4 Hot ng Hot ng sn xut Hot ng vn chuyn nguyn, nhin vt liu v cc sn phm Sinh hot ca CB CNV nh my Hot ng ca h thng x l nhim nc thi Hot ng ca h thng x l kh thi l hi, h thng thng gi khu vc sn xut Hot ng lu tr v bo qun nhin liu Khng kh +++ +++ ++ +++ Nc +++ ++ +++ +++ t ++ ++ + ++ TN sinh hc + + + +++ Sc kho +++ ++ ++ +++
+++
+++
+++
++
++
+++
Trang 36
Hot ng ca l hi s dng du FO, hot ng ca my pht in (d phng)
+++
+ +++
++ +++
8 Cc s c mi trng +++ +++ ++ Ngun : Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn, 04/2008 Ghi ch:
+ ++ +++ t tc ng Tc ng trung bnh Tc ng mnh
3.3.
NH GI TC NG
3.3.1. Cc tc ng t qu trnh trin khai/ thc hin v xy dng D n 3.3.1.1. Tc ng n mi trng t nhin a) Tc ng n mi trng khng kh a1). Ngun gy nhim Trong giai on san lp mt bng v xy dng h thng cc cng trnh cho d n, cht lng khng kh b tc ng do nhng nguyn nhn: Bi, kh thi sinh ra do vic san lp, o t, vn chuyn t gy nhim khng kh xung quanh khu vc. Bi, kh thi pht sinh do my mc thi cng, do trn, xi mng, ct,...
Bi v cc cht kh SO2, NOx, CO, THC do khi thi ca xe c gii vn chuyn vt liu gy nhim khng kh xung quanh, nh hng n i sng ngi dn xung quanh v cng nhn lao ng.
Bc x nhit t cc qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit, khi hn (nh qu trnh ct, hn, t nng chy Bitum tri nha ng). Cc tc nhn gy nhim ny tc ng ch yu ln cng nhn trc tip lm vic ti cng trng.
Ting n, rung do cc phng tin giao thng, xe i, my m v.v.. gy tc ng mnh n khu vc xung quanh.
Bi sinh ra do cng tc cht cy xanh, thm thc vt gy nhim khng kh xung quanh khu vc. Mi hi pht sinh ra t nc thi, rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn. a2). nh gi tc ng n mi trng khng kh nhim bi do qu trnh vn chuyn t, , nguyn vt liu phc v san lp mt bng v xy dng cng trnh.
Trong qu trnh san lp mt lng t s cn d li, do vy d n phi dng xe c gii 10 tn chuyn ch cc loi t cn d tha ra khi khu vc d n. Theo c tnh lng t pht sinh do qu trnh san lp vo khong 15.000 m3 (tc vo khong khong 27.750 tn). Qu trnh vn chuyn t s pht sinh bi. ng thi trong qu trnh xy dng, nguyn vt liu phc v cho d n c vn chuyn bng xe 10 tn t ni khc n, lng nguyn liu theo tnh ton vo khong 24.000 tn. Nh vy, vi lng t phi ch i v lng nguyn vt liu c ch n vo khong 51.750 tn v s lt xe ra vo trung bnh ti khu vc d n ch nguyn vt liu v t vo khong 22 lt xe mi ngy Tuy nhin, ty theo iu kin cht lng ng x, phng thc vn chuyn m nhim pht sinh nhiu hay t. Nng bi s tng cao trong nhng ngy kh, nng gi. Bi pht sinh ra s c gi pht tn vo khng kh gy nn nhim cho cc khu vc xung quanh. Mt thc t khch quan l nhim bi trn ng vn chuyn rt ph bin. Kt qu tnh ti lng bi trong qu trnh vn chuyn, tp kt vt liu xy dng. Theo GIO TRNH THIT M Trng i hc M a cht H Ni, tnh ti lng bi trong qu trnh vn chuyn nh sau:
s S W L = 1,7 * k * * * 12 48 2,7
0,7
w * 4
0,5
365 p * 365
Trong :
L : ti lng bi (kg/km/lt xe/nm). k : kch thc ht; 0,2. s : lng t trn ng; 8,9% S : tc trung bnh ca xe; 20 km/h W : trng lng c ti ca xe; 10 tn w : s bnh xe; 6 bnh; p : s ngy hot ng trong nm: 200 ngy
Thay s ta c : 0,15 kg/km/lt xe/nm. D n s s dng xe 10 tn chuyn ch cc loi t tha t qu trnh san lp mt bng ra khi khu vc d n v nguyn vt liu vo khu vc d n. Nh vy, vi s lt xe l 22 lt/ngy th lng bi pht sinh trong sut thi gian xy dng trn qung ng 8 km vo khong 0,15*22*8*240 = 6.336 kg hay 21,12 kg/ngy. Theo s liu thng k, thng thng gi tr hm lng bi l lng o c ti khu vc vn chuyn thng dao ng trong khong 0,9-2,7 mg/m3 tc cao hn tiu chun khng kh xung quanh 3-9 ln (TCVN 5937-2005, quy nh bi: 0,3 mg/m3). nhim bi s gim khi cht lng ng x c nng ln v chng ti thc hin cc bin php phng nga nhim nh v sinh mt bng, cch ly ngun nhim hoc to m cho nguyn liu nhim kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn Da vo h s nhim do phng tin vn chuyn sinh ra ca T chc Y t th gii, chiu di tuyn ng b nh hng l 8 km, s lt xe l 22 lt (tng lt xe vn chuyn t v cc nguyn liu khc), chng ti c tnh khi lng cc cht nhim t hot ng giao thng c xc nh trong bng 3.7.
Bng 3.7. Ti lng nhim khng kh do phng tin giao thng trong giai on xy dng Loi xe c cng sut ng c > 2000cc, giai on sn xut 1985-1992 Khi lng cht nhim (kg) c im H s nhim Bi SO2 NOx CO VOCs H s nhim (cho on ng 1.000 km) Ti lng nhim (on ng d n 8 km) Ngun : WHO Geneva, 1993 1 0,396 0,05 0,01 1,17 0,46 3,14 1,24 6,99 2,77 1,05 0,42
Chng ta thy rng ti lng nhim pht sinh khng nhiu, ng thi khng gian phn b v pht tn cc cht nhim t kh thi ca phng tin vn chuyn l rt ln nn mc nh hng n mi trng khng kh l khng ng k. b). Tc ng n mi trng nc b1). Ngun gy nhim Trong giai on san lp mt bng v xy dng h thng cc cng trnh cho D n, cht lng nc trong khu vc b tc ng do nhng nguyn nhn: Nc thi sinh hot ca 50 cng nhn xy dng c cha cn b, cc cht rn l lng (SS), cc cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng (N,P) v vi sinh vt. Nc ma chy trn qua mt bng D n c cha cn, t ct, rc v cc tp cht ri vi trn mt t xung ngun nc. b2). nh gi tc ng ca nhim nc Ngun nc thi sinh hot, cht thi rn do san lp mt bng v cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn ti khu vc d n l nguyn nhn chnh nh hng n cht lng nc khu vc xung quanh. Mi ngy trong giai on san lp v thi cng xy dng s c khong 50 cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc d n. Cc cng nhn s thi ra mt lng nc thi nht nh. Nc thi ch yu cha cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD, COD) v cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi sinh. Theo tnh ton thng k ca WHO, i vi nhng Quc gia ang pht trin, khi lng cht nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (nu khng x l) nh a ra trong bng 3.8.
Trang 39
Bng 3.8. Khi lng cht nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BOD5 COD Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m Tng Nit Amni Tng Pht Pho Cht nhim Khi lng (g/ngi.ngy) 45 54 72 102 70 145 10 30 6 12 2,4 4,8 0,8 4,0 106 109
8 Tng Coliform (MPN/100ml) Ngun : WHO, 1993
Nu trung bnh 1 ngi cng nhn s dng 100 lt nc/ngy, th tng lng nc thi mi ngy s l 5 m3. Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c a ra trong bng 3.9. Bng 3.9. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cht nhim BOD5 COD SS Du m Tng N Amni Tng Phospho Tng Coliform (MPN/100ml) Ti lng (kg/ngy) 2,25 2,7 3,6 5,1 3,5 7,25 0,5 1,5 0,3 0,6 0,12 0,24 0,04 0,2 5.104 5.107 Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l) Khng x l 450 540 720 1020 700 1450 100 300 60 120 24 48 8 40 107 1010 C b t hoi 100 - 200 180 - 360 80 - 160 20 - 40 5 15 104 TCVN 59452005 (ct A) 30 50 50 10 15 5 4 3000
Ngun: Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn tng hp t cc ngun ti liu. So snh nng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l bng b t hoi vi tiu chun nc thi (TCVN 5945: 2005 ct A) cho thy: Nc thi sinh hot trc x l c hm lng BOD5,COD, SS cao gp nhiu ln tiu chun. Sau khi qua h thng x l, cc cht gy nhim trong nc thi gim ng k. c). Tc ng ca cht thi rn c1). Ngun gc pht sinh Lng rc thi pht sinh trong qu trnh xy dng ch yu :
Rc thi sinh hot ca 50 cng nhn xy dng Cc ph phm xy dng nh cc mu st, g, bao b, ...
c2). nh gi tc ng ca cht thi rn Theo c tnh, mi cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc d n thi ra t 0,5 0,8 kg rc thi sinh hot mi ngy. Cht thi sinh hot ny nhn chung l nhng loi cha nhiu cht hu c, d phn hu (tr bao b, nylon). Nu tnh trung bnh mi ngy ti khu vc d n c 50 cn b, cng nhn lm vic, th tng khi lng rc thi sinh hot c khong 25 40 kg/ngy. Mc d khi lng rc thi rn sinh hot khng nhiu nhng nu khng c bin php thu gom tp trung hp l th kh nng tch t trong thi gian xy dng ngy cng nhiu v gy tc ng n cht lng khng kh do phn hu cht thi hu c cng nh tc ng n ngun nc mt do tng c ngun nc. Lng rc thi t ph phm xy dng sinh ra tng i ln, tuy nhin n c thu gom v ti s dng vo mc khc. Ring i vi rc thi c cha du m: du m ri vi, gi lau c dnh du m s c thu gom v x l theo ng quy nh hin hnh. d). Tc ng n mi trng t Qu trnh san lp, o t, xy dng nn mng, ng cc btng u gy tc ng n mi trng t nh lm gim cht lng t, gy chai t,.... ng thi cc qu trnh ny cng lm tng nguy c chy trn lm thoi ha v mt t gy nh hng n thm thc vt v kh nng gi nc ca t. D n s hn ch n mc thp nht cc tc ng ny bng cc ri si, 2x3 trn b mt t trng v ng giao thng ni b trong khu vc d n. nh hng n mi trng t cn c nguyn nhn t cc cht thi rn t nh t, xy dng,, cht thi rn sinh hot. Gi lau du m vo mi trng rt kh phn hu, lm hu hoi mi trng t, Cc nguyn, nhin liu d tha, r r s lm nh hng n cht lng t ca khu vc. Tuy nhin, nh hng ny khng nhiu v lng du m c bo qun tt. e). Tc ng n mi trng sinh thi e1). H sinh thi trn cn Hot ng ca d n cn din tch xy dng nh my sn xut v cc hng mc cng trnh khc nn phi ph i mt s lng ln thm thc vt. S lng thc vt ny mt i c th gy mt s bin i nh v vi kh hu v cht lng mi trng t, nc,. Tuy nhin, chng ta cng quy hoch hon chnh to mt mi trng xanh mi v hon chnh nn s nh hng v tc ng n h sinh thi trn cn l khng ng k. e2). H sinh thi di nc Trong qu trnh xy dng, h sinh thi nc b tc ng phn no do nhng cht thi ra t vic thi cng, cht thi t sinh hot, Cht thi do hot ng ca cng nhn ti cng trng c kh nng tc ng ti cc h sinh thi di nc nh: Nc thi lm tng hm lng cc cht nhim (BOD, COD, SS v cc cht dinh dng) trong nc mt khu vc xung quanh gp phn gy nh hng n cc loi thy
sinh sng trong mi trng nc mt trong khu vc d n. Cht thi rn gm vt liu xy dng, g, cc kim loi, bao b nu ri vi vo mi trng nc mt phn s phn hy lm suy gim cht lng nc, gy nh hng n i sng h thy sinh trong khu vc, mt phn cht thi tr s khng th phn hy gy cn lu thng, gy mt thm m v nh hng ti cnh quan thin nhin. Tuy nhin, ti khu vc ny chu nh hng trc tip ch yu l h thng thot nc ca KCN v hu ht c h thng kn cho nn s khng b nh hng nhiu, do vy vn nh hng ny c th b qua. 3.3.1.2. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi. Trong qu trnh thi cng d n, mi trng kinh t x hi ca khu vc s b tc ng do lu lng xe vn chuyn nhiu, tp trung mt s lng ln cng nhn thi cng v nh hng ca qu trnh thi cng ca my mc, thit b. Tuy nhin, nh hng s khng nhiu v cc l do sau y: D n ch thc hin trong khu vc c quy hoch r rng phc v cho pht trin cng nghip nn khng gy tc ng nhiu n i sng ngi dn. Hot ng ca cng nhn thi cng d n c qun l cht ch khng gy n o, mt trt t khu vc. Cng nhn lao ng s c thu trc tip ti a phng nn bit c tp qun ca ngi dn a phng. 3.3.2. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng ca d n 3.3.2.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng khng kh a).
Mt s ngun gc gy nhim. Ngun gc gy nhim khng kh trong qu trnh ny bao gm:
Qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn liu, sn phm t qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca nh my v cc hot ng giao thng khc s thi ra bi, kh thi nh SO 2, NOx, CO, VOCs v ting n. Cc hot ng sn xut c lin quan n ngnh dt nhum nn s pht sinh ra nhiu loi kh thi ch yu l hi dung mi, hi axt . . . Bi sinh ra trong qu trnh dt, nh bng. nhim mi hi c trng ca nh my nhum do s dng nhiu ho cht v thuc nhum. nhim mi hi t cc khu vc v sinh cng cng, b cha rc sinh hot nhim mi hi t cc khu vc x l nc thi. nhim khng kh do kh thi t khu vc chy my pht in d phng, t kh thi l hi. Cc loi kh thi ny bao gm cc tc nhn gy nhim khng kh nh: ting n, nhit, bi, NOx, SO2, CO, VOCs,... Ting n sinh ra t cc giai on nh hnh cng nh giai on nh bng cng vi cc loi my qut cng nghip. b). nh gi nhim do qu trnh vn chuyn, bc d nguyn liu, sn phm v cc qu trnh giao thng khc.
Bi cn do qu trnh vn chuyn, giao thng xut pht t cc khu vc xut nhp nguyn liu Kh thi pht sinh t phng tin vn chuyn. Thnh phn kh thi ch yu l CO, NOx, SO2, VOCs, bi. Ngun nhim ny ch pht sinh rt t v phn tn nn rt kh m khng ch c mt cch tt nht. Tuy nhin, chng ta c th d bo c ti lng v nng cc cht mt cch tng i trong kh thi ca xe c gii giao thng trong khu vc bng h thng nh gi nhim ca T chc y t th gii (WHO, 1993). Bng 3.10. Ti lng t phng tin vn chuyn, giao thng vo khng kh. Stt 1 Phng tin v nhin liu s dng Xe ti ng c diesel trng ti: t 3,5 ti 16T - Chy trong thnh ph - Chy ngoi - Trn xa l 2 Xe con 1400 2000 cc - Chy trong thnh ph - Chy ngoi 0,86 1,03 20S 20S 22,02 47,62 194,7 144,3 27,55 26,68 1,35p 1,35p 1,35p 4,3 4,3 4,3 20S 20S 20S 55 70 70 28 14 14 12 4 4 Ti lng (kg/tn nhin liu) Bi SO2 NOx CO VOCs Pb
- Trn xa l 0,93 20S 57,21 65,85 12,71 Ghi ch: S l t l lu hunh trong nhin liu, p l t l ch trong nhin liu g/l.
Tuy nhin, hin nay lng xng pha ch khng cn c s dng ti Vit Nam, hm lng lu hunh trong xng v du cho cc loi xe 4 bnh l 0,5%, xe ti nng l 1%. Theo thng k th nh mc s dng nhin liu ca mt s loi xe lu thng trn ng nh trong bng 3.11. Bng 3.11. nh mc s dng nhin liu mt s phng tin giao thng. Stt 1 Loi phng tin Xe con Loi nhin liu Xng nh mc Lt/100km 5,5 8 nh mc kg/100km 4,51 6,56
2 Xe ti Du Diesel 13 14 10,66 11,48 Ngun: Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn, tp hp t cc ngun ti liu. Theo tnh ton mi ngy c 10 lt xe con 4 - 7 ch (1400 2000 cc), 50 lt xe t 3,5 n 16 tn. on ng chu nh hng l 3 km. Lng pht thi cc cht kh trong kh thi phng tin giao thng c tnh trong bng 3.12. Bng 3.12. Lng pht thi cc kh nhim trong kh thi phng tin giao thng. St t 1 Phng tin v nhin liu s dng Xe con Nhin liu tiu hao trn on ng trong 1 ngy (kgxng, du/ngy) 1,96 Ti lng (kg/ngy) Bi SO2 NOx CO VOCs 0,052
Trang 43
0,002 0,02 0,093 0,283
Xe t 3,5 - 16 tn
17,22
0,074 0,34 1,205 0,241
0,069
Vi lng khng kh d ca ng c t trong l 30% v nhit kh t thi l 200 C, th lu lng kh thi sinh ra trong khi t 1 kg du, xng l 38 m. Nh vy, lu lng kh thi v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi c tnh trong bng 3.13.
o
Bng 3.13. Lu lng kh thi v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi Stt 1 2 Phng tin v nhin liu s dng Xe ti Xe con Lu lng m/ngy 654,4 74,48 Nng (mg/Nm) Bi 0,19 0,05 200 SO2 0,90 0,47 500 NOx 3,18 2,16 850 CO 0,64 6,57 1.000 VOCs 0,17 1,21 -
TCVN 5939 : 2005 (loi B)
Nhn xt: Kh thi ra t cc phng tin vn chuyn l khng cao, khng vt tiu chun cho php. Tuy nhin, chng ti ch nh gi mt cch tng i ngun pht thi v cht lng kh thi ra cn ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t nh loi xe, nhin liu s dng, cht lng ng x,... do vy, khi d n i vo hot ng s c nhng pht sinh v s c xe c v ng x c th gy nn nhng ngun pht thi c nng cao hn tiu chun cho php. c). nh gi nhim do kh thi t l hi v my pht in c1). nhim do hot ng ca l hi Theo nh Lun chng K thut D n s dng 02 l hi chy bng du FO (cng sut 3 tn FO/ngy) vi lng du s dng l khong 240 lt/gi, tnh cht ca du FO s dng ti Vit Nam c nhng c trng k thut nh trong Bng 3.14. Bng 3.14 - Cc c trng k thut ca du F.O s dng ti Vit Nam Cc c trng 1. T trng 2. nht (Viscosity/50oC cST) 3. Cn cacbon (% trng lng) 4. Nhit bt la (oC) 5. im ng c (oC) 6. Hm lng lu hunh (% trng lng) 7. Hm lng tro (%) 8. Hm lng oxy (%) 9. Hm lng hydro (%) 10. Nhit tr (cal/g) Thng s Max 0,96 Max 170 Max 85,7 Max 65,6 oC Max 20 oC Max 3,0 Max 0,1 Max 0,92 Max 10,5 Max 10,2 Ngun: Petrolimex 1994
Trang 44
Tnh ti lng nhim Qu trnh t cc nhin liu c ngun gc ha thch (du D.O, F.O) thng sinh ra cc cht gy nhim khng kh nh bi than (C), dioxt lu hunh (SO2), Oxt nit (NOx), xt ccbon (CO), hydrocacbon tng (THC) v cc andehyt (RHO), trong quan trng nht l SO2 vi ti lng v nng thng rt cao. Ti lng cc cht nhim t qu trnh t du ph thuc vo hm lng S (% khi lng) c trong du v c trnh by trong Bng 3.15.
Bng 3.15 - Ti lng cc cht nhim t qu trnh t du (Ngun: WHO) Cc ngun c nguyn liu t l du Chy my Cc cht nhim tnh ra kg/tn du Bi 0,71 SO2 20 x S NOx 9,62 THC 0,791 CO 2,19
Nh trnh by trn, hm lng S ca du F.O thng phm Vit Nam l 3%. Khi ti lng cc cht nhim khi t du 1 tn du F.O (chn hm lng S l 3%) nh sau: Bi SO2 NOx THC CO 0,71 kg/gi 60 kg/gi 9,62 kg/gi 0,791 kg/gi 2,19 kg/gi
Lng du D n s dng hng ngy chy l hi l 3.840 lt (tng ng 3.000 kg du/ngy). Thng thng mt ngy sn xut l hi vn hnh trong thi gian l 16 gi (2 ca) th lng du s dng trong mt gi l 187,5 kg du. Nh vy ti lng ca cc cht nhim chnh trong 1 gi sn xut ca D n l: Bi SO2 NOx THC CO Tnh nng cht nhim 0,133125 kg/gi 11,25 kg/gi 1,80375 kg/gi 0,1483125 kg/gi 0,410625 kg/gi
Trang 45
Theo kt qu tnh ton khi vn hnh ni hi (ch t c h s kh d l 1,2), 1 kg du FO s thi ra 24,3 m3 kh thi. Nh vy hai ni hi ca D n thi ra khong 4.500 m3. Khi nng cc cht nhim tnh c nh trong Bng 3.16.
Bng 3.16 - Tnh ton nng cht nhim trong kh thi ni hi Cht nhim Bi SO2 NOx THC CO n v mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 Nng tnh iu kin thc (mg/m3) 29 2.500 400 33 91,25 Nng tnh iu kin tiu chun (mg/Nm3) 4.325 692 57 158 Tiu chun thi TCVN 5939 : 2005 (Kv= 1 ; Kp=1) 200 500 850 1.000
Nhn xt: Kt qu tnh ton cho thy nng ca SO2 cao hn so vi tiu chun cho php 8,65 ln .Cc ch tiu cn li u nm trong gii hn cho php. c2). nhim do hot ng ca my pht in
n nh in cho hot ng sn xut v sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin
trong Nh my trong trng hp c s c v in, D n c s dng 1 my pht in Diesel d phng vi cng sut 750 KVA. Khi chy my pht in, nh mc tiu th nhin liu ca my l 112,5 Kg du DO/h. Da trn cc h s ti lng ca t chc Y t th gii (WHO) c th tnh ti lng cc cht nhim trong bng 3.17. Bng 3.17. Ti lng cc cht nhim kh t kh thi my pht in Ti lng H s Kg/tn Kg/h mg/s 1 Bi 0,71 0,079875 22,1875 2 SO2 20S 2,25 625 3 NO2 9,62 1,08225 300,625 4 CO 2,19 0,246375 68,4375 5 VOCs 0,791 0,0889875 24,71875 Ghi ch : Tnh cho trng hp hm lng lu hunh trong du DO l 1%. Stt Cht nhim Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in: Thng thng qu trnh t nhin liu lng kh d l 30%. Khi nhit kh thi l 2000C, th lng kh thi khi t chy 1kg DO l 22 m3. Vi nh mc 112,5 kg du DO/h cho my pht in, tnh c lu lng kh thi tng ng l 0,6875 m3/s. Nng ca kh thi ca my pht in c a ra trong bng 3.18.
Bng 3.18. Nng ca kh thi ca my pht in Nng tnh Nng tnh iu Stt Cht nhim iu kin thc kin tiu chun 3 (mg/m ) (mg/Nm3) 1 2 3 4 5 Bi SO2 NO2 CO VOCs 32 909 437 100 36 1572 756 173 62
TCVN 59392005 ct B (mg/Nm3) 200 500 850 1.000 -
So snh nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi do qu trnh t nhin liu vi tiu chun kh thi (TCVN 5939 2005, ct B) cho thy nng SO2 cao hn tiu chun 3 ln. Nng cc cht nhim khc u nm trong gii hn cho php. d). nh gi nhim t ting n, rung v nhit Qu trnh sn xut ca Nh my pht sinh ting n v rung ng ln. Theo nh gi ca chng ti n ca khu vc sn xut v giao thng vo lc khong 75-90 dB, l hot ng ca my mc trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my, l hi, my pht in v cc phng tin vn chuyn. Nhit pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my l nhiu ch yu pht sinh t cc ngun nh l hi, nc nng, . Kt qu, kho st ti mt s nh my ti TP. H Ch Minh c s dng ni hi ca Phn vin Bo h lao ng thnh ph H Ch Minh cho thy chung quanh khu vc ni hi, un nu nhit cao hn khu vc xung quanh 3 50C. Nh vy, vo nhng ngy nng nng nhit tng cao trong khu vc nh my, D n s tng cng cc bin php lm mt cc b, gii nhit bng nc gii kht c b sung thm ng v mui khong cho cng nhn.
Trang 47
e). Cc tc hi ca cc tc nhn nhim khng kh Bng 3.19. Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh Stt Thng s Tc ng Kch thch h hp, x ho phi, ung th phi Gy tn thng da, gic mc mt, bnh ng tiu ho Gy nh hng h h hp, phn tn vo mu. SO2 c th nhim c qua da, lm gim d tr kim trong mu. To ma axt nh hng xu ti s pht trin thm thc vt v cy trng. Tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hy vt liu b tng v cc cng trnh nh ca. nh hng xu n kh hu, h sinh thi v tng zn. Gim kh nng vn chuyn xy ca mu n cc t chc, t bo do CO kt hp vi Hemoglobin thnh cacboxyhemoglobin. Gy ri lon h hp phi. Gy hiu ng nh knh. Tc hi n h sinh thi. Gy nhim c cp tnh: suy nhc, chng mt, nhc u, ri lon gic quan c khi gy t vong. Ting n cn gy nn nhng tc hi i vi h thn kinh, h tim mch v d dy gy kch thch h thn kinh trung ng; gy au u chng mt, gy ra mt s thay i trong h thng tim mch, ri lon nhp tim, gy nn s ri lon chc nng bnh thng ca d dy v c th gy nn bnh vim d dy H thng thn kinh v h thng tim mch l nhng b phn nhy cm nht i vi rung ng. Bnh khp xng cng lin quan n rung ng. Anh hng n c quan h hp, gy mi hi kh chu Tc ng n mi trng khng kh xung quanh nh xng, c bit l bn trong nh xng v khu vc sn xut. 01 Bi 02 Kh axt (SOx, NOx).
03 Oxyt cacbon (CO) 04 Kh cacbonic (CO2) 05 Hydrocacbon s 06 Ting n
07 Rung ng
08 Mi hi
3.3.2.2. a).
nh gi tc ng mi trng nc
Ngun gc pht sinh nc thi
Trang 48
Nc thi sinh hot thi khu vc vn phng, t cc khu v sinh, v.v c cha cc thnh phn cn b (TSS), cc cht hu c (BOD/COD), cht cht dinh dng (N,P) v vi sinh gy bnh. Nc thi pht sinh trong qu trnh vt nc, sy, nhum . . vo khong 500m/ngy. Lng nc thi c hm lng cht hu c cao, nng COD dao ng kh ln. Ngoi ra, mu ca nc thi rt cao c bit cc nh my va v nh dao ng t 1.500 n 3.700 Pt-Co. Nc ma chy trn trn ton b mt bng khu vc d n, nc ma chy trn cun theo t ct v cc tp cht ri vi trn mt t xung ngun nc v c bit c c thnh phn l phn v cc loi cht thi khc. Thnh phn ch yu ca nc ma chy trn l cn, cht dinh dng... v cc rc thi cun tri trn khu vc d n. (2). nh gi mc nhim ca nc thi a). Nc thi sinh hot Theo tnh ton phn trc, vi s lng cng nhn vin hot ng ti Nh my l 5.460 ngi, tiu chun dng nc 120 lt/ngi/ngy, lng nc thi sinh hot thi ra vo khong 524 m/ngy m (bng 80% nhu cu dng nc). Theo h s nhim ca T chc y t th gii (WHO,1993) tnh ra ti lng nhim nh trong bng 3.20 v tnh nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi ca Nh my nh trong bng 3.21. Bng 3.20. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot Stt Cht nhim H s (g/ngi/ngy) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BOD5 COD Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m phi khong Tng Nit (N) Amoni (N-NH4) Tng Phospho Tng Coliform MPN/100ml) 45 54 72 102 70 145 10 30 6 12 2,4 4,8 0,8 4,0 106 109 Khi lng (kg/ngy) 245,7 294,84 393,12 556,92 382,2 791,7 54,6 163,8 32,76 65,52 13,104 26,208 4,368 21,84 546.107 546.1010 Ngun: WHO, 1993
Bng 3.21. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot. Stt 1 2 3 4 5 Cht nhim BOD5 COD SS Du m Tng N Nng (mg/l) 467 562 750 -1063 729 -1511 104 312,6 62,5 -125 TCVN 5945 2005 (ct A) 30 50 50 10 15
Trang 49
6 7 8
Amni Tng Phospho Tng Coliform (MPN/100ml)
25 50 8 - 40 1,042.104 1,042.107
5 4 3000
So snh nng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l vi tiu chun nc thi (TCVN 5945 : 2005 ct A) cho thy cn thit phi x l nc thi sau khi qua hm t hoi. b). Nc thi sn xut Mc nhim ca nc thi cng nghip ty nhum ni chung ph thuc rt ln vo loi, lng ha cht s dng, kt cu mt hng sn xut (ty trng, nhum, in hoa), t l s dng si tng hp, loi hnh cng ngh sn xut (gin on, lin tc hay bn lin tc), c tnh my mc s dng. Cc tc nhn nhim chnh trong nc thi v nh hng ca cng nghip ty nhum nh sau: Nc thi cha tinh bt x t khu h si lm gim nng oxy ha tan trong nc, nh hng n qu trnh h hp ca cc loi ng thc vt thy sinh. Ngoi ra, nc thi cha tinh bt cn d xy ra qu trnh phn hy ym kh, pht sinh ra mi hi thi, l mi ca hn hp cc cht kh CH4, CO2, NH3, H2S, nh hng n sc khe cng ng, mt v p m quan, hy dit cc ng thc vt thy sinh.
Cc cht H2SO4, NaOCl, Na2SO4, NaCl, Na2S, Na2S2O4, cht ty ra khng ion, cc hp cht vng thm, to cht du x ra t khu git sau nhum. Cc cht formaldehyde, K2Cr2O7, tp cht cha kim loi nng, NaCl, halogen hu c, Na2SO4, thuc nhum, Na2S2O4, hi H2SO4, CH3COOH thi ra t khu nu. Du ha, cc cht h si dc, cht nh ha, cht lm mm, cht to phc, NO2, thi ra t khu hon tt. Tt c cc cht nhim ny gy nh hng rt ln n qu trnh phn hy ca cc vi sinh vt lm sch nc. Anh hng n qu trnh quang hp ca thc vt thy sinh gay s thiu ht oxy ha tan trong nc. Gc hu c kt hp vi cc ion kim loi to thnh cc phc cht bn, kh phn hy, gy tc hi nghim trng n mi trng. Cc ion kim loi cn tham gia vo chui thc n, t dy nh hng cho sc khe con ngi. c bit nguy hi hn na l s c mt ca cht Clo hot tnh trong nc thi s kt hp vi cc cht hu c vng thm to thnh nhng cht gy tin ung th. X si v cc tp cht thin nhin c trong x si b loi b trong cc cng on x l nc, gy tc nghn dng chy.
Ngoi ra, mu ca nc thi rt cao c bit cc nh my va v nh dao ng t 1.500 n 3.700 Pt-Co, chng t lng thuc nhum c s dng cho cc c s ny hoc cn d kh nhiu sau qu trnh. Trong khi , ti cc nh my ln mu ch thay i trong khong 140 n 300 Pt-Co, chng t thuc nhum c s dng kh trit . Theo tnh ton ca chng ti, c 1 tn sn phm lng nc thi ra khong 50 m 3 nc thi (theo hng dn ca Cc Mi trng). Do vy, mi ngy cng sut hot ng ca d n sn xut c khong 57,7 tn sn phm do vy lng nc thi pht sinh khong 2900 m3/ngy m (ty tng thi im khc nhau). Nc thi ny c thnh phn nhim nh bng 3.22.
Trang 50
Theo s liu phn tch nc thi sn xut ti nhng nh my c cng ngh sn xut tng t th nng c trng cc cht gy nhim c trong nc thi sn xut trc x l nh sau: Bng 3.22. c trng nhim nc thi ca d n TT CHT NHIM N V mg/l mg/l mg/l NNG 4-9 1500-2000 1000-2000 400 - 800 TCVN 5945 :2005 ct A 6-9 50 50 30
1 pH 2 SS 3 COD 4 BOD
mu Pt-Co 500 - 1000 <20 Ngun: S Ti nguyn Mi trng Tp.HCM, thng 5/2004 Nh vy, c th thy rng hm lng cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut ca nh my l rt cao, cao hn rt nhiu ln so vi tiu chun ch php. Nh vy, nh my phi tin hnh xy dng h thng x l nc thi tp trung bng cng ngh x l ho l v sinh hc v nc thi sau khi x l s c thi ra h thng cng thot nc dn ra ngun tip nhn l sng Th Tnh. c). Nc ma chy trn Vo ma ma, nc ma chy trn qua mt bng khu vc d n s cun theo t ct, rc, du m v cc tp cht ri vi trn mt t xung ngun nc. Nu lng nc ma ny khng c qun l tt cng s gy tc ng tiu cc n ngun nc b mt, nc ngm v i sng thy sinh nc mt trong khu vc d n. Thng thng th nc ma kh sch, hm lng cc cht trong nc ma c c tnh nh sau: Tng Nit Phospho Nhu cu oxi ho hc (COD) Tng cht rn l lng (TSS) : : : : 0,5 - 1,5 mg/l 0,004 - 0,03 mg/l 10-20 mg/l 10-20 mg/l
So vi cc ngun thi khc, nc ma chy trn kh sch. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ca d n th nc ma c th b nhim bi cht thi t hot ng sn xut, do vy d n cn phi c mt s bin php thu gom, tch nc ma ra ring, ng thi cho qua h thng lng ct v cht l lng trc khi c tn dng li ti cy hoc v sinh khu vc sn xut. d). Tc hi ca cc tc nhn gy nhim nc Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi c th hin trong bng 3.23. Bng 3.23. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi Stt 01 Thng s Nhit Tc ng - nh hng n cht lng nc, xy ho tan trong nc (DO) - nh hng n s a dng sinh hc
Trang 51
- nh hng tc v s phn hy cc hp cht hu c trong nc 02 03 04 05 Cc cht hu - Gim nng xy ho tan trong nc c - nh hng n ti nguyn thy sinh Cht rn l - nh hng n cht lng nc, ti nguyn thy sinh lng Cc cht dinh - Gy hin tng ph dng, nh hng ti cht lng nc, s dng (N,P) sng thy sinh. Cc vi khun - Nc c ln vi khun gy bnh l nguyn nhn ca cc dch bnh thng hn, ph thng hn, l, t. - Coliform l nhm vi khun gy bnh ng rut - E. Coli (Escherichia Coli) l vi khun thuc nhm Coliform, ch th nhim do phn ngi. - nh hng n v m quan ca nc thi, cng nh kh nng x l nc thi. - nh hng n ti nguyn thu sinh nh gi tc ng ca cht thi rn
06
mu
3.3.2.3. a).
Ngun gc gy nhim cht thi rn
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ca D n l ngun nhim quan trng i vi mi trng t nhin nh ngun nc, t, khng kh v hot ng sng ca ngi, v ngoi cc thnh phn gy nhim trong cht thi th khi cc hp cht hu c trong cht thi c phn gii to nhng kh bc mi kh chu, t tp rui nhng n lm mt v sinh mi trng, Cht thi rn sn xut ca D n bao gm: Si, bao b, ng nha. Bao b ng thuc nhum, thng cha du. Lng bn pht sinh t h thng x l nc thi . . . b). Khi lng cht thi rn b1). Rc thi sinh hot. Rc thi t sinh hot ca CB CNV mi ngy thi ra rc thi c hm lng hu c cao, d phn hy nh thc n tha, cc loi rc thi t vic sinh hot khc nh: bao nilng, thng carton. Mi ngy lng rc thi do CB CNV thi ra vo khong 2700 kg (bnh qun mi ngi khong 0,5 kg/ngy). Lng rc ny s c thu gom tp trung li sau giao cho n v dch v cng cng a phng x l. b2). Cht thi rn t hot ng sn xut Trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca nh my, cht thi rn pht sinh nhiu cng ng nh dt, nh hnh, nh bng, kim tra, cng nh cng on ng gi cc cng on ny hng ngy thi ra mt lng cht thi rn khong 300 kg/ngy. i vi cht thi thuc thnh phn cht thi nguy hi nh cc bao b, thng ng nguyn vt liu phc v cho qu trnh sn xut c dnh ho cht, cng nh d lau trong qu trnh bo tr my mc thit b . . . hng ngy pht sinh khong 50-100 kg/ngy, y l
nhng loi cht thi thuc thnh phn cht thi nguy hi, ch u t s lp h s theo di theo quy nh v s thc hin cc cng tc bo v mi trng theo quy nh ring i vi cht thi nguy hi. i vi bn thi pht sinh trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l nc thi hng nm pht sinh khong 100m3, qua mi k ht bn cng ty s p li thnh bnh v hp ng vi n v thu gom v x l cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh.
3.3.2.4. nh gi tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi a). Cc tc ng c li Vic u t xy dng nh my dt nhum c hiu qu ln v mt x hi. p ng c nhu cu v sn phm cho khu vc, ng thi thc y pht trin kinh t trong khu vc. D n pht trin hon ton ph hp vi nh hng pht trin ca KCN M Phc ni ring v ton tnh ni chung. To thm ngun ngn sch cho a phng thng qua vic ng cc khon thu doanh nghip, thu thu nhp v cc thu t ai khc. To cng n vic lm cho s lng lao ng kh ln, khong 5500 ngi. b). Cc tc ng bt li Trong qu trnh thi cng d n, tp trung rt nhiu vt t, tin vn, ng thi huy ng mt lc lng lao ng kh ln vi nhiu n v khc nhau nn c th gy ra mt s tc ng tiu cc nh: tai nn trong lao ng, trm cp, mt trt t tr an,.... Cc phng tin giao thng, thit b thi cng, khng c kim tra, bo dng chu o cng d xy ra tai nn giao thng, tai nn lao ng.
3.3.2.5. nh gi nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra a). S c ha hon Hu ht nguyn nhin liu, sn phm, cht thi rn ca nh my u l nhng cht d chy. Ngoi ra, cc thit b trong dy chuyn sn xut ca Cng ty u s dng in nng hot ng, nn nguy c chy n do s c chp in rt d xy ra nu nh Cng ty khng c h thng dn in v qun l tt. Ngoi ra s c ho hon cn xy ra do st vo ma ma bo. Ngoi ra bn cha nhin liu cng l ni d xy ra s c chy n. S c ho hon xy ra khng ch gy thit hi ln n ti sn m cn nguy him n tnh mng con ngi. V th cng ty s ch u t khc phc. b). Tai nn lao ng Cc tai nn lao ng c th xy ra do s bt cn v in, vn hnh my mc v ri hng ho khi bc d. Xc sut xy ra cc s c ny ty thuc vo vic chp hnh cc ni quy v quy tc an ton trong lao ng ca cng nhn trong qu trnh lm vic. Mc tc ng c th gy thng tt hay thit hi tnh mng cho cng nhn.
c).
S c h thng x l nc thi
Trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l nc thi sn xut, cc s c c th xy ra l do s c v my mc thit b m y ch yu l cc m t bm nc v s c h thng b sc ti. Cc s c ny xy ra khng thng xuyn, v nu c xy ra th s nh hng khng nh n cht lng nc thi u ra ca nh my, do vy khi i vo hot ng ca D n, ch u t cn quan tm khc phc nhng s c v h thng x l nc thi. 3.4. nh gi v phng php s dng Trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng, n v t vn s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau trong cc phng php thng k phn di y. y l cc phng php c s dng ph bin trn th gii v Vit Nam trong thc hin TM cc d n u t, do c mc tin cy cao v chp nhn c. 3.4.1. Cc phng php s dng nh gi tc ng mi trng (1). Phng php thng k: Thu thp v x l cc s liu v iu kin kh tng, thy vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc d n. (2). Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim: Xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng khng kh, nc, n ti khu t d n v khu vc xung quanh. (3). Phng php nh gi nhanh theo h s nhim do T chc Y t Th gii thit lp: c tnh ti lng cc cht nhim t cc hot ng ca d n theo cc h s nhim ca WHO. (4). Phng php so snh: nh gi cc tc ng trn c s so snh cc Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam. (5). Phng php lp bng lit k (checklist) v phng php ma trn (matrix): Phng php ny s dng lp mi quan h gia cc hot ng ca d n v cc tc ng mi trng. (6). Phng php iu tra x hi hc: Phng php ny s dng trong qu trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti ni thc hin D n. 3.4.2. nh gi tin cy ca cc phng php tin cy ca cc phng php TM c trnh by trong bng 3.25. Bng 3.24. tin cy ca cc phng php TM Stt 1 2 3 4 5 Phng php TM Phng php thng k Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim Phng php nh gi nhanh theo h s nhim do T chc Y t Th gii thit lp Phng php so snh Phng php lp bng lit k v phng php ma trn Mc tin cy Cao Cao Trung bnh Cao Trung bnh
Trang 54
Phng php tham vn cng ng
Cao
Trang 55
Chng 4
BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG

4.1. Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng trong giai on xy dng Qu trnh thi cng xy dng c bn Nh my din ra trong mt thi gian tng i di (10 thng), do bo v mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng ch u t d n s c cc bin php hu hiu bo v mi trng, an ton lao ng v sc khe cng nhn. Cc bin php ny c th nh sau: 4.1.1. Khng ch khi bi trong qu trnh thi cng Lp k hoch thi cng v b tr nhn lc hp l, tun t, trnh chng cho gia cc cng on thi cng: pht quang mt bng, san i.. p dng cc bin php thi cng tin tin, c gii ha cc thao tc v qu trnh thi cng mc ti a. Khu vc cng trng, khu cha vt liu xy dng c che chn bng tng tm (bng g vn hoc tn). hn ch bi ti khu vc cng trng xy dng, Ch u t s c k hoch thi cng v cung cp vt t thch hp. Hn ch vic tp kt vt t vo cng mt thi im. Vic vn chuyn vt liu xy dng i li nhiu ln s lm gia tng lng khi bi nh hng xu n mi trng khng kh ti khu vc. Khu t d n hin l khu ng xanh nn nh hng ny khng ng k. Khi chuyn ch vt liu xy dng, cc xe vn ti s c ph kn bng vi bt, trnh tnh trng ri vi vt liu trn ng vn chuyn. Khi bc d nguyn vt liu, cng nhn bc d s c trang b bo h lao ng y . Vic vn chuyn x bn t cao xung phi chuyn dn bng cc hp ghen v thng cha. Thng cha phi c np y bng vi nylon hoc bng vi bt trnh bi bc ln cao khi xung hoc gi cun ln cao. X bn phi c vn chuyn i ngay trong ngy, trnh n tc v tn ng trn cng trng lm ri vi vo mng khu vc gy tc nghn dng chy. Che chn vt liu san lp trong qu trnh vn chuyn, cng nh nhng khu vc pht sinh bi v ti nc hn ch kh nng khuych tn bi vo mi trng xung quanh. 4.1.2. Khc phc ting n, rung trong qu trnh thi cng Mc d khu vc xy dng nh my cch xa khu dn c nhng cc tc ng pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng d n s cng s gy ra nhng nh hng khng nh n mi trng xung quanh. Trong qu trnh xy dng nht nh s gy ra ting n, rung cho khu vc xung quanh mc d tc ng ny ch pht sinh trong thi gian ngn. Tuy vy, hn ch n mc thp nht nh hng ca ting n, rung ca cng trng, d n s c k hoch thi cng hp l, cc thit b thi cng gy ting n ln nh my khoan, o, ng cc btng bng ba thy lc (nu c) s khng hot ng trong khong thi gian t 18 gi n 6 gi.
Trang 56
4.1.3. Khng ch nc thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng Ti cng trng s xy dng cc nh v sinh c hm t hoi cnh cc lng tri ca cng nhn xy dng. Cc hm t hoi ny c thit k c kch thc ph hp vi s lng cng nhn s dng tng ng. Khi giai on thi cng kt thc, bn trong hm t hoi s c ht ln bng cc xe chuyn dng v tin hnh lp hm t hoi. Tng s lng cng nhn lm vic ti cng trng l 50 ngi, khi lng nc thi mi ngy trung bnh l 5 m3/ngy. Kch thc b t hoi c tnh ton thit k l: Di x Rng x Cao = L x W x H = 3m x 2m x 2m. Nh ni trn lng nc thi thi cng (sc ra thit b, nc ra xe, ra bn xilo, bn cha,). Nhng lng nc c kh nng gy nh hng nhiu nht l lng nc t qu trnh ra xe ch vt liu xy dng trc khi ra khi cng trng xy dng. c tnh mi ngy c khong 10 xe ra vo khi cng trng cn c ra sch (i vi nhng ngy thi cng cao im), lng nc cn thit ra sch ct t trn cc xe trung bnh khong 350 lt/xe. Nh vy, khi lng nc thi thi cng l 3,5 m3/ngy. Ton b lng xe trc khi ra khi cng trng u phi i qua cu ra xe, ti y cc xe c lm sch bn ct v cc cht bn c kh nng nh hng n mi trng khi ra khi cng trng (lm bn ng giao thng, pht tn bi vo mi trng). hn ch nh hng do nc thi ny gy nn, nc c dn n b iu ha kt hp lng theo s x l nh sau: Hnh 4. 1 S x l nc thi thi cng
B lng ct v tch m Thot ra mng ca khu vc
Nc thi thi cng
Kch thc b lng ct v tch m l: 1m x 1m x 0,5m Nc thi thi cng cha ch yu l cc cht l lng, ct khng cha cc cht hu c. Do sau khi qua b lng ct v tch m tc ng ca nc thi thi cng n mi trng l khng ng k c th thi trc tip ra mng thot ca khu vc. i vi nc ma chy trn, c dn vo mng thot t nhin ca khu vc. khng nh hng n ngun tip nhn khi nc ma theo cc mng thot nc ny qua nhiu song chn rc nhm loi bt cc rc kch thc ln v gim c cc cn l lng mi c dn n h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc. 4.1.4. Khng ch cht thi rn trong qu trnh thi cng Cc loi cht thi trong qu trnh xy dng ch yu bao gm t, ct, , coffa, st thp s c tp trung ti bi cha quy nh. Loi cht thi rn ny s c chuyn i p cc vng trng trong khu vc d n v phn loi ti s dng (i vi nhng loi c kh nng ti s dng). 4.1.5. Bin php chng ngp ng, st ln trong qu trnh thi cng Mt trong nhng bin php u tin c p dng trc khi thi cng chng ngp ng l s tin hnh xy dng ng thot nc ra ngun tip nhn gn nht c th l mng thot nc t nhin ca khu vc m bo thot nc trong khu vc gy ra do hot ng ca d n.
Bn cnh do d n c d kin s tin hnh san lp mt bng vo khong thng 10 nm 2007, y l thng t ma nn s trnh c s ngp ng pht sinh do lng ma chy trn trn mt bng d n. Khi d n i vo hot ng th bin php chng ngp ng cho cc cng trnh xung quanh l xy dng h thng thot nc ring hng tp trung ra mng thot nc ca khu vc, gii quyt thot nc ma cho ton khu. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp xu nht c th xy ra l gy st ln t cho cc khu vc ln cn. Ch u t chu hon ton trch nhim trong vic n b nhng thit hi gy ra. 4.1.6. Bin php k thut an ton lao ng trong qu trnh xy dng c bn Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng c bn cng nh lp t thit b, vn hnh kim tra v chy th s tuyt i chp hnh cc quy nh v an ton lao ng, c th l:
-
Lp ban an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng ti cng trng.
Quy nh cc ni quy lm vic ti cng trng, bao gm ni quy ra, vo lm vic ti cng trng; ni quy v trang phc bo h lao ng; ni quy s dng thit b nng cu; ni quy v an ton in; ni quy an ton giao thng; ni quy an ton cht n.. T chc tuyn truyn, ph bin cc ni quy cho cng nhn bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau nh in ni quy dn vo bng treo ti cng trng, nh n ln tri; t chc hc ni quy; t chc tuyn truyn bng loa phng thanh; thanh tra v nhc nh ti hin trng..
-
T chc theo di tai nn lao ng, xc nh kp thi nguyn nhn tai nn v p dng cc bin php khc phc kp thi nhm trnh trng hp lp li cc tai nn tng t.
-
Lp t cc bin cm ngi qua li khu lm vic ca thit b nng cu;
Lp h thng bin bo cm la ti cc khu vc d gy ra chy n (kho xng du, kho ha cht, kho vt t d chy n, trm bin p..) Trang b cc phng tin cha chy ti kho ( bnh bt, bnh CO2, ct...) Cc loi my mc, thit b phi c h s km theo v phi c kim nh bi cc c quan o lng cht lng. Thit lp cc h thng bo chy, n hiu v thng tin tt. Thng xuyn kim tra s r r, cc ng ng k thut phi sn mu ng quy nh (ng ng nhin liu, hi nc, kh). Cng nhn trc tip thi cng xy dng hoc cn b vn hnh c hun luyn v thc hnh thao tc ng cch khi c s c v lun lun c mt ti v tr ca mnh, thao tc v vn hnh ng k thut, tin hnh sa cha nh k. Trong nhng trng hp c s c, cng nhn c hng dn v thc tp x l theo quy tc an ton. Khi thi cng xy lp dng dn gio, thit b trn cao bt buc s c trang b dy eo mc kha an ton.
-
Lp trm y t ti cng trng kp thi s cu cc ca tai nn nghim trng trc khi chuyn ln tuyn trn. 4.2. Gim thiu nhim trong giai on hot ng ca d n 4.2.1. Gim thiu nhim khng kh
a)
Ci thin iu kin vi kh hu trong khu vc d n
Xy dng cc cng trnh cn quan tm n vn gim nhit, m bo cc iu kin thng thong bng h thng ca s v ca ra vo v h thng qut ht nng trn mi nh. Thc hin cc gii php trng cy xanh v to din tch t trng ci thin mi trng khng kh trong khu vc. Khu vc d n cn mt s khu vc l t trng nn trng cy xanh v quy hoch cc khu vc cy xanh chng xi mn v ci thin khng kh trong khu vc. Khu vc ng ni b s thng xuyn c lm v sinh v phun nc ti m va lm gim bi, va lm gim bc x nhit t mt ng. Cc khu t trng, nh v sinh cng cng s lun c dn dp. Rc s c cha trong cc thng cha rc c np y, trnh cho rui mui pht trin v mi hi thot ra gy nhim mi trng khng kh xung quanh. Rc thi ny s c ch u t k hp ng vi n v dch v mi trng th, thu gom hng ngy v a i x l bng xe chuyn dng ti bi x l chung ca a phng theo quy hoch. b) Ci thin mi trng khng kh chung Cc bin php nhm lm gim nhim mi trng khng kh xung quanh bao gm: V sinh ng ni b sch s nhm lm gim bi Sa cha ngay cc tuyn ng ni b ngay khi pht hin thy h hng.
Cc phng tin giao thng phi c bo tr v thay th nu khng cn m bo k thut. Bn cnh cn s dng nhin liu c hm lng lu hunh thp. Phng tin vn chuyn thng xuyn c bo tr v khng s dng phng tin qu thi hn s dng v nguyn liu t c hm lng lu hunh cao. B tr cc khu vc cha nhin liu cch ly vi cc khu vc chc nng khc v khu vc cha nhiu vt liu d chy, khng r r gy nh hng n mi trng khng kh. My pht in (d phng) c lp t ng khi pha long nng nhim trong khng kh xung quanh. Trang b h thng x l kh thi l hi trc khi thi ra mi trng khng kh xung quanh. Xy dng tng ro bao quanh cao 2,5 m khng lm pht sinh mi hi, ting n t khu vc git m, nht heo, g ra mi trng xung quanh. c) X l kh thi my pht in v l hi. c1). Khng ch nhim kh thi do my pht in Do my pht in c s dng rt t trong cc trng hp xy ra s c i vi li in, nn bin php ph hp nht l thi kh thi my pht in qua ng khi c chiu cao ph hp (chiu cao ng khi ln cao hn so vi cng trnh ln cn khong t 3 5 m v vi ng knh ng khi d = 300mm). Theo kt qu tnh ton nng kh thi chng 3, nng SO2 trong kh thi my pht in l cao hn tiu chun cho php, nhng do d n b tr my pht in cui hng gi ch o v xung quanh khu vc d n c quy hoch chi tit b tr cc
nh my sn xut ti KCN, nn khng gy nh hng cho dn c xung quanh. Nh vy, chiu cao ng khi thi m D n s dng cho my pht in 3-5 m l c th chp nhn c v mt mi trng. c2). Khng ch nhim kh thi do l hi Nh tnh ton chng 3, nng pht thi kh SO2 l cao hn tiu chun cho php (TCVN 5939 2005, cp B) l 8,65 ln. Kh thi sinh ra t l hi , c qut ht Q1 ht qua thp gii nhit kt hp x l bi th(1). Ti thit b ny kh thi i theo chiu t di ln, ng thi nc lm ngui cng c phun vo thp theo chiu t trn xung thng qua bm nc . Kh thi sau khi c lm ngui v tch bi th tip tc c qut Q1 thi vo thp phn ng (2) theo chiu t di ln trn, ng thi vi qu trnh ny, dung dch hp th t thng cha dung dch ho cht (3) cng c bm vo thp (2) theo chiu t trn xung thng qua bm ho cht. Kh thi sau khi c lm sch theo ng dn kh thot ra ngoi qua ng khi cao 10 m. Nc lm ngui cun theo bi th trong thp (1) c chy ra khi thp bn di y v b l , ngui nc (4) v theo cng dn nc thi chy v h thng x l nc thi(5).Dung dch cht hp th trong thp (2) chy tun hon v b cha (3) v s c thay th khi nng cht hp th gim thp( cht hp th c dng y l dung dch kim ).Nc sau khi c s dng x l kh thi s c dn v b x l v s c ti tun hon s dng li. Khi lp t h thng x l kh thi theo nguyn tc xut, ti lng nhim SO 2 s gim khong 95% v nh vy m bo nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi t tiu chun Vit nam (TCVN 5939-2005, cp B) trc khi thi ra ngoi mi trng khng kh xung quanh. d) X l bi vi, si trong qu trnh dt
O gk o h n i
Bi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca D n pht sinh ch yu ti cc my dt, ti cc my dt ny hu ht ch u t s thit k v lp t h thng x l bi bng h thng lc bi tay o, Khi dng khng kh cha bi la i qua lp vi lc, bi mn s b gi li trn vi mn m h a p n ukh sch s i qua lp vi lc. Trong thit b x l go i tu h lc bm vo thnh tng lp cn khng k h k h Q 1 bi tay o c cu to mng rung, khithbi bm bt ht ccha trn vi lc mng rung hot a i t l i T lo h (1 ) (2 ng i bi ri xung ngn thu gom di y thit b. Hiu) qu x l bi bng lc bi tay o tu thuc vo cu to ca vi lc c th t 95 99% k c bi c kch thc t 5 10m. X u t
Cu to lc bi ti vi: S lng thit b: 1 ci SL ti vi: 2 ti vi bng. ng knh D = 0,4 m Chiu di ti vi L = 2,5m Qut ht: P = 5 HP
B n u n e la g o m i c (4 ) Ta h p Ta h p
Ti vi
B d n dch x e ch u g u a t (3 )
ng kh vo
Qut ht
B e ch a n ca c p
e)
Bin php gim thiu mi hi
B ly n t a e x h c i (5 )
Hnh 4.2 : Quy trnh cng ngh x l kh thi l hi
Trang 60
Mi hi ch yu l hi cc ha cht nhum theo hi nc khi gia nhit. Mi hi xut hin trong phm vi hp c nh hng trc tip n sc khe cng nhn khu vc xung quanh cc thit b nhum. Cc thit b hot ng t ng v bn t ng, v vy cng nhn ch tham gia cng on chun b v kt thc nhum.Bin php khng ch gim thiu mi hi ti phn xng nhum s p dng nh sau: Thng thong nh xng, kt hp trang b cc loi qut cng nghip ti cc khu vc pht sinh mi hi; - X hi qu p vo mt ng dn xung cng thi , hn ch mi hi ca kh thi trong phn xng nhum - Trang b tt cc phng tin bo h lao n cho cng nhn nh khu trang, qun o, gng tay, hn ch mi hi n sc kho. 4.2.2. Bin php x l nc thi Vn kim sot nhim nc thi bao gm vic kim sot v x l nc thi sn xut, sinh hot. Ch u t p dng cc bin php khng ch ch yu nh sau: Phng n thot nc ca D n:
Nc ma chy trn
H ga
H thng thot nc ma KCN
Nc thi nh n
Thit b tch m
Nc thi sinh hot B t hoi H thng thot nc ca trm XLNT KCN
Trm XLNT ca nh my Nc thi sn xut Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina
Cng thu gom Trang 61
Hnh 4.3 Phng n thot nc ca D n
Mng li thot nc ma c thit k vi cc h ga nhm loi b cc cn bn trc khi dn vo h thng thot nc ma ca Khu Cng Nghip. H thng thot nc thi sn xut v sinh hot s c tch ring ra vi h thng thot nc ma. Nc thi t cc nh n s qua thit b tch m, x l cc b ti cc b t hoi v sau l x tp trung ti Trm x l nc thi ca D n Nc thi nhim vng du m (t l hi, xng) c thu gom , tch vng bng phng php tuyn ni, sau dn chuyn v x l tp trung ti Trm x l nc thi ca D n. Nc thi sinh hat v nc thi sn xut ca nh my sau khi c x l t tiu chun loi A s c u ni vo h thng thot nc ca trm x l nc thi ca KCN M Phc.
a).
X l nc thi sinh hot i vi ngun nc thi nh n, sau khi i qua thit b tch du m, thit b lc rc s c thu gom vo h ga, ri dn chuyn n b t hoi, x l cc b chugn vi ngun nc thi sinh hot khc (nc tm ra, nc thi v sinh cng cng). i vi ngun nc thi sinh hot (nc tm ra, nc thi v sinh cng cng) c thu gom vo cc h ga, dn chuyn n cc b t hoi xy dng ti cc khu vc khc nhau ca D n. Sau khi qua b t hoi nc thi sinh hot s thu gom , chy v trm x l nc thi tp trung ca D n x l cng vi nc thi sn xut ca Nh my.
lm sch nc thi sinh hot c th dng b t hoi hoc b phn hy 3 ngn vi tc dng lng, phn hy v ln men cn lng, loi b cc vi sinh gy bnh. u im ch yu ca b t hoi l cu to kh n gin, qun l d dng thun tin v hiu sut lng tng i cao. Sau nc thi c a v h thng x l tp trung ca D n x l, v sau khi x l t tiu chun ngun tip nhn s thi vo h thng cng thot nc dn ra sng Th Tnh. Tnh ton b t hoi bao gm: xc nh th tch phn lng nc v phn cha bn. - Th tch phn nc: Wn = K x Q K: h s lu lng, K = 1,3 Q: lu lng nc thi trung bnh ngy m, Q = 524 m3/ngy Wn = 524 x 1,3 = 681,2 m3
- Th tch phn bn: Wb Trong : a: Tiu chun cn lng cho mt ngi, a = 0,4 0,5lt/ngy.m N: S cng nhn vin ca cng ty, N = 5460 ngi t : Thi gian tch ly cn trong b t hoi, t = 180 360 ngy 0,7: H s tnh n 30 % cn phn hy 1,2: H s tnh n 20 % cn c gi trong b t hoi b nhim vi khun cho cn ti. P1: m ca cn ti, P1 = 95 % P2: m trung bnh ca cn trong b t hoi, P2 = 90 % Tng th tch b t hoi: W = Wn + Wb = 681,2 + 206,4 = 887,6 m3 Vy tng th tch cc b t hoi trong khun vin nh my phi t dung tch 900 m . Cu to b t hoi ba ngn ci tin
3
O G THO T KH N A VAH NGA MO G C N N
= = = 206,4 m3
N VA C O
N RA C
Va lie lo t u c
Da t lie lo n va u c
Bu lag n n
Bu lag n n
Bu lag n n
Bu lag n n
Mt ct dc b t hoi
Nc ra
Nc vo b
Mt bng b t hoi
Hnh 4.4 - B t hoi 3 ngn c ngn lc

Trang 64
b).
X l nc thi sn xut. Hnh 4.5 S KHI CNG NGH X L NC THI DT NHUM Cng sut 3000m3/ngy.m
B M H O C H A A T (0 1 B M ) B M H O C H A A T (0 1 B M ) M A TH O K H Y I (02 M A ) Y B M HO C HA A T (0 2 B M ) B M H O C H A A T (0 1 B M ) B M H O C H A A T (0 1 B M )
1 B
SO N G TA H RA C C M A TA H R A Y C C N TH A TR X C I C LY H A B M M TH A G IA N H IE P I T BE IE H O U A BE K E O TU BE TA O BO G N BE LA G 1 N
pH
BE C H H p H N
A B 1
BE SIN H H O C BIO FO R H IE K H U
C H O LA N P
M A E BU Y P N (D a n g b a g ta n i)
BE N E BU N N
BE LA G 2 N
BM HO C HA A T (0 1 B M )
M A TA O O ZO N E Y (0 2 M A ) Y
BE O Y H O X A BA G O ZO N E N (P e ro zo n e )
TH IE BLO C C A T T
G HI C HU
G N N C G HO C H A N A T G KH N G BU N N M A B M Y TH IE B LO C T TH A N H O A T TN H
N TH A SA U X C I LY A T TC V N 5945 - 2 005, C O A T
M t qui trnh x l
Nc thi dt nhum theo h thng thu gom nc thi chy ti trm x l nc thi. Trc tin nc thi chy qua my tch rc v sau tp trung vo hm bm. T hm bm, nc thi c 02 bm nc thi (chu nhit cao) lun phin bm nc thi ti thp gii nhit t pha trn b iu ho. Sau khi c gii nhit, nc thi tp trung vo b iu ho ca trm x l nc thi. Ti y, nc thi c iu ho c v nng v lu lng thng qua h thng a phn phi kh (Diffuser) phn b u y b. Khng kh c cp vo h thng phn phi kh bng 02 my thi kh hot ng lun phin lin tc 24/24. T b iu ho, nc thi c 02 bm nc thi (nhng chm) lun phin bm ti b keo t. Ti b keo t, nc thi c b sung thm 02 loi ha cht : ho cht chnh pH v ha cht keo t. Ti y ha cht v nc thi c xo trn u vi nhau bng 01
Motor khuy trn b tr trong b. Sau qu trnh keo t, nc thi tip tc chy ti b to bng. Ti b to bng, nc thi c b sung thm ho cht tr keo t v cng c xo trn u bng 02 Motor khuy trn t ti y. Sau qu trnh keo t to bng, nc thi tip tc chy sang b lng 1 lng cc bng cn c kch thc ln, d lng c to ra t cc b keo t v b to bng. Phn bn lng s c 01 Motor gim tc tp trung vo h thu y b v sau theo nh k s c 01 bm bn (trc ngang) bm ti b nn bn. Phn nc pha trn mt b, theo mng thu nc tip tc chy ti b chnh pH. Ti b chnh pH, pH ca nc thi c iu chnh v kim sot thng qua 01 thit b kim sot pH(pH controller) t ti y to mi trng pH ph hp vi qu trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh tip sau. Ho cht chnh pH v nc thi cng c xo trn u vi nhau bng 01 Motor khuy trn. Sau khi c iu chnh pH, nc thi tip tc chy sang b sinh hc Biofor hiu kh. Ti b sinh hc Biofor hiu kh, khng kh c cp vo b thng qua h thng a phn phi kh (Diffuser) t 02 my thi kh hot ng lun phin lin tc 24/24. Mt khc m bo hm lng cht dinh dng cho s tn ti v pht trin ca h vi sinh vt trong b, cht dinh dng s c b sung nh k vo b. Sau qu trnh x l sinh hc ti b sinh hc Biofor hiu kh, nc thi theo mng thu nc tip tc chy sang b lng 2. Ti b lng 2, phn cn lng c 01 Motor gim tc tp trung vo h thu bn y b v sau s c 01 bm bn (trc ngang) theo nh k bm mt phn tun hon ti b sinh hc Biofor hiu kh v phn cn li ti b nn bn. Phn nc sau qu trnh lng, trn vo mng thu nc v tip tc chy ti b xy ha nng cao bng ozone. Ti b xy ha nng cao, cc cht xy ho l ozone v H2O2 c s dng xy ho cc cht kh phn hu v mu trong nc thi. Sau qu trnh xy ho nng cao, nc thi c tp trung vo ngn trung gian. T ngn trung gian, nc thi c 04 bm (trc ngang) lun phin bm qua 02 h thng lc (lc ct v lc than hot tnh), loi b cc cht khng tan kch thc nh kh lng v hp ph cc cht ha tan khc. Nc thi sau khi qua h thng lc, c x thi vo mi trng. Bn t b lng 1 v b lng 2, sau khi c nn ti b nn bn s c 01 bm bn (trc vt) bm ti my p bn (dng p bng ti) lm kh v n nh nng . Bn sau qu trnh p s c s dng lm phn bn hoc s c em i chn lp. Nc sinh ra t qu trnh p s c thu gom v tp trung ti hm bm ca trm x l nc thi. iu kin lm vic ca h thng x l H thng c thit k hot ng bn t ng, c lp m bo x l 3000 m3/ngy m, t tiu chun ngun x. Vi phng n ny, h thng x l nc thi sn xut ca nh my t c mt s u im sau: Cht lng nc sau x l m bo t tiu chun ngun x theo quy nh ti TCVN 5945 :2005 ct A. H s vt ti cao, 1.3; Vn u t khng qu ln v t chim din tch;
Chi ph vn hnh thp, vn hnh d dng; X l nc thi theo cng ngh ny khng gy mi hi; m bo m quan chung ca Cng ty. Ton b h thng ny s c thc hin hon tt trong vng 150 ngy
Thi gian thc hin -
TNH TON CC CNG TRNH N V 1. Hm bm (T - 01) S lng : 01 b Kch thc : L x W x H = 5.0 m x 5.0m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 2. B iu ha (T - 02) S lng : 01 b Kch thc : L x W x H = 12.5 m x 10.9m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 3. B keo t (T - 03) S lng : 01 Kch thc : L x W x H = 2.5 m x 2.4 m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 4. B to bng (T - 04) S lng : 01 Kch thc : L x W x H = 4.6 m x 2.5 m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 5. B lng 1 (T - 05) S lng : 01 Kch thc : L x W x H = 8.6 m x 8.6 m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 6. B chnh pH (T - 06) S lng : 01 Kch thc : L x W x H = 2.5 m x 1.0 m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 7. B sinh hc Biofor hiu kh (T - 07) S lng : 01 b Kch thc : L x W x H = 26.5 m x 8.6 m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 8. B lng 2 (T - 08) S lng : 01 b Kch thc : L x W x H = 10.9 m x 10.9 m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 9. B xy ha nng cao (T - 09)
S lng : 01 b Kch thc : L x W x H = 11.4 m x 2.0 m x 4.0m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250 10. B nn bn (T - 10) S lng : 01 b Kch thc : L x W x H = 8.6 m x 8.6 m x 4.0 m; Tng dy 300 mm. Vt liu : BTCT M250. 11. Nh iu hnh S lng : 01 Ci Kch thc : L x W x H = 12 m x 5.6 m x 3.2 m; Tng dy 100 mm. Vt liu : Ct BTCT; Tng gch; Mi tole; nn lt gch. c). Nc ma chy trn
So vi nc thi, nc ma c lu lng cao nhng kh sch do vy s cho chy trc tip vo h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc. Tuy nhin, dc theo cc mng thot nc ny cng phi thit k cc h thng h ga lng ct, t, cht l lng, v sau c s dng li ti cy hoc thi b.
4.2.3. Khng ch nhim cht thi rn a) Cht thi rn sn xut Khi d n i vo hot ng s pht sinh cc loi rc thi sau: bao b ph thi, sn phm b h hng . . . pht sinh vi khi lng (150 200 kg/ngy) s c thng xuyn thu gom bn cho cc c s thu mua ph liu hoc thi b. Ngoi ra nh my cn mt ngun cht thi na l bn ti cc h x l c no vt nh k s c x l c bit theo quy nh qun l ca cht thi nguy hi v thnh phn bn thi pht sinh t cc b x l ny c cc thnh phn thuc thnh phn cht thi nguy hi. Mt khc, i vi nhng cht thi khc cng ty s hp ng vi dch v cng cng gii quyt cc loi rc thi ny. i vi cht thi thuc thnh phn cht thi nguy hi nh d lu thit b my mc trong cng vic bo tr my mc thit b ca nh my, bao b ng c dnh ho cht, bng n hunh quang, ng mc in, mc photo . . . cc loi cht thi ny s c cng ty thu gom v lu tr ti nhng thng cha ring bit cho n khi khi lng s hp ng vi nhng n v c chc nng thu gom, vn chuyn v x l loi cht thi nguy hi ny. b) Cht thi rn sinh hot Khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot c tnh khong 40-50kg/ngy. Lng cht thi ny c thu gom v cha trong nhng thng bng nha hoc bng kim loi c np y c t ng ni qui nh.
i vi cc hp, lon, bao b nylon c thu gom, phn loi bn cho cc c s thu mua ph liu. i vi cc loi rc thi sinh hot khc th cng ty hp ng vi cc dch v thu gom rc cng cng ca khu vc hng ngy ti thu gom v chuyn ch ti trm trung chuyn rc ri c b phn chuyn ch n bi rc ca tnh x l.
4.2.4. Gim thiu nhim nhit v ting n a) Khng ch nhim nhit Mc ch ca vic khng ch nhim nhit l lm mt khng kh, lm sch bi v mt s kh c trong khng kh, Trong khu vc nh xng to mi trng lm vic theo ng tiu chun, d n thit k v xy dng nh xng cao, thng thong tt. Ngoi ra, nh my nn thit k kt cu nh xng vi tm lp bng kim loi m bo thng thong theo nguyn tc thng gi t nhin. i vi lng nhit pht sinh t h l nung hm sy cng ty s hn ch n mc thp nht nhng tc ng trc tip n cng nhn lao ng bng cch trang b y qun o bo h, ng thi d n s to s thng thong nh xng bng cch nng chiu cao trn nh, trang b qut thi c cng sut ln. H thng cy xanh c trng trong khun vin Nh my l cch khng ch nhim nhit kh hiu qu v to cm gic d chu cho cng nhn v nhng ngi lm vic ti Nh my. b) Khng ch nhim ting n Ting n pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my c ngun gc t nhng my mc, thit b c kh nng to ra ting n ln nh: my nghin than, my cn, my nho, my i v cc qut thuc h l nung hm sy, Ting n t cc hot ng ny c tnh cht gin on, khng lin tc. Mt khc khun vin nh my c din tch rng, thong, nh my nm trong cm CN-TNCN cch xa khu dn c nn nhng tc ng ny khng gy nh hng n sinh hot ca ngi dn. Tuy nhin, ting n s gy nh hng trc tip n cng nhn sn xut. Do , khng ch ting n, d n s thc hin cc bin php sau: c mng my khi lng, b tng mc cao, tng chiu su mng, o rnh ct kh trnh rung b mt. Lp t m cao su v l xo chng rung i vi cc thit b c cng sut ln. Xy mng b tng vng chc cho cc my, thit b c rung ln. Lp m chng n cho cc my c cng sut ln. Nhng b phn gy n cao phi c cch ly vi cc khu vc khc trong nh my. B tr cc my mc trong dy chuyn mt cch hp l, trnh cc my gy n cng hot ng mt lc gy cng hng ting n. Thng xuyn kim tra my mc, mi mn cc chi tit my, lun tra du m bi trn cc my v thay th cc chi tit b mi mn. i vi cng nhn lm vic trc tip vi cc thit b, khu vc c n ln, mi ngi u c trang b nt tai chng n. Trng cy xanh xung quanh khu vc nh xng sn xut gim bt n. 4.2.5. Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng sinh thi v h thy sinh
Trang 69
Xy dng d n khng lm thay i mi trng sinh thi khu vc D n l mt trong nhng yu cu ca pht trin bn vng. Tuy nhin, s chuyn i mc ch s dng t s gy nhng tc ng trc tip hay gin tip n mi trng sinh thi. Khng nhng vy, s nhim do cc hot ng ca D n cng s gy tc hi n mi sinh. Trong iu kin nc ta hin nay vi mc tiu l pht trin kinh t x hi phi i i vi vic thc hin cc bin php nhm gim thiu cc tc ng ny. Cc bin php ny gn lin vi vic thc hin cng tc bo v mi trng ca nh my Khng ch nhim khng kh pht sinh t cc hot ng ca nh my; X l nc thi t yu cu x thi vo ngun tip nhn khng gy nh hng n s sng ca cc loi thy sinh; Qun l tt ngun pht sinh cht thi rn khng cht thi trn lan gy nhim c mi trng t, nc v khng kh. 4.2.6. i vi s c mi trng a) Phng chng chy n s c t HTXL nc thi sn xut phng chng chy n v cc s c do sm st, trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca nh my s p dng cc bin php sau: - Cc my mc thit b trong dy chuyn sn xut ca cng ty s c h s l lch i km v c y cc thng s k thut v thng xuyn c kim tra gim st. - Cng ty s lp t h thng chng st ti cc im cao nht ca nh my theo quy nh s 76/Q ngy 02/03/1983. in tr tip t xung kch < 10 khi in tr sut ca t < 50.000 /cm2. in tr tip t xung kch > 10 khi in tr sut ca t > 50.000 /cm2; -
Trong khu vc sn xut v kho cha s lp t cc h thng bo chy. Cc phng tin phng chy lun trong tnh th sn sng; Cng ty s trang b cc dng c cha chy nh b nc, bnh CO2, thng ct v thc hin y cc yu cu phng chy ca c quan PCCC a phng. Lun bo tr, kim tra my mc thit b mt cch thng xuyn v lin tc, kim tra cht lng nc thi u vo v u ra ca h thng c nhng gii php vn hnh tt hn, i ng nhn vin vn hnh my mc trong h thng x l nc thi phi l nhng ngi c chuyn mn v mi trng v h lun c o to nng cao nghip v nhm ng ph vi nhng s c c th xy ra trong thi gian nhanh nht. Ngoi ra, i ng ny cng c o to thm v ngnh in cng nh c kh. Cc bin php h tr khc
b)
Ngai cc gii php k thut v cng ngh c tnh cht ch yu lm gim nh cc nhim gy ra cho con ngi v mi trng, cng ty s thc hin cc bin php h tr khc gp phn hn ch nhim, ci to mi trng v an tan lao ng:
Trang 70
Gio dc thc v sinh mi trng v v sinh cng nghip cho cn b v cng nhn trong cng ty. Thc hin thng xuyn v c khoa hc cc chng trnh v sinh v qun l cht thi ca cng ty. Cng cc b phn khc trong khu vc tham gia k hach hn ch nhim bo v mi trng theo quy nh v hng dn chung ca c quan qun l mi trng ca tnh Bnh Dng. n c v gio dc cng nhn trong cng ty thc hin cc quy nh v an tan lao ng v phng chng chy n;
to ra mt mi trng lao ng an ton d n phi tin hnh thc hin vic kim tra an ton lao ng theo tng t sn xut : u ca lm vic, mi c nhn trong t sn xut c nhim v kim tra an ton, v sinh lao ng ca my mc, thit b, mt bng sn xut v bo co thiu st (nu c) vi t trng sn xut. Cc thng tin v tnh trng mt an ton ca my mc, thit b s c t trng kim tra li v cng vi t vin x l cc tnh hung trn v hng dn cng nhn cch s dng cc my mc thit b an ton hn trnh xy ra tai nn lao ng. i vi nhng nguy c m t sn xut khng c kh nng t gii quyt s c ghi vo s kin ngh v bo co cho qun c phn xng nhm kp thi a ra hng gii quyt.
Ngoi cc bin php trn d n s tin hnh bo v sc khe ca cng nhn lm vic trong nh my bng cc bin php sau:

Kim tra sc khe nh k cho ton th cn b cng nhn vin. Trang b y qun o bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nh: mt knh, bao tay, khu trang, nn bo h,
Trang 71
Chng 5
CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG

5.1. Cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu
Thng qua bo co TM D n u t xy dng Nh my dt nhum ca Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina xin cam kt: Ch d n s p dng cc bin php phng chng s c v gim thiu nhim nh x l kh thi, nc thi, cht cht thi rn,... (chi tit c trnh by ti chng 4 ca bo co) m bo tiu chun Vit Nam v cc quy nh hin hnh v ng thi tng cng cng tc o to cn b v mi trng nhm nng cao nng lc qun l mi trng, bo m khng pht sinh cc vn gy nhim mi trng v cc s c nh chy n, dch bnh,... ng thi khi xy ra s c s tch cc phi hp chnh quyn a phng khc phc nhm gim thiu ti a mc thit hi. Ch d n s phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng cc h thng khng ch nhim nh kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn kp thi iu chnh mc nhim nhm t tiu chun mi trng theo quy nh v phng chng s c mi trng khi xy ra. Cc bin php khng ch nhim v hn ch cc tc ng c hi ca d n ti mi trng c a ra v kin ngh trong bo co l nhng bin php kh thi, c th m bo Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam. Ch d n cam kt thi gian thc hin cng trnh x l mi trng ph hp vi tng giai on thi cng ca d n m bo vic x l cht thi c hiu qu. 5.2. Cam kt thc hin tt c cc bin php, quy nh chung v bo v mi trng c lin quan n d n
Ch d n cam kt trong qu trnh xy dng v hot ng ca d n m bo t cc Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam, bao gm: Mi trng khng kh xung quanh: Cc cht nhim trong kh thi ca D n khi pht tn ra mi trng bo m t Tiu chun Cht lng khng kh xung quanh (TCVN 5937 2005). Kh thi: TCVN 5939 2005: Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c, loi B: p dng cho tt c cc c s k t ngy c quan qun l mi trng quy nh. TCVN 5938 : 2005 - Cht lng khng kh Nng ti a cho php ca mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh. TCVN 5940:2005 Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi mt s cht hu c. n : m bo n sinh ra t qu trnh hot ng ca D n s t Tiu chun Gii hn ti a cho php ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c (theo mc m tng ng, TCVN 5949 1998); Nc thi sinh hot v sn xut: m bo t Tiu chun Gi tr gii hn ca cc thng s nhim t TCVN 5945-2005, loi A. Sau nc thi c thi vo ngun tip nhn l sng Th Tnh.
Cht thi rn sinh hot: c thu gom, vn chuyn n ni x l theo ng yu cu an ton v sinh. V cht thi rn: cht thi rn sinh hot m bo c thu gom, x l theo ng qui nh. i vi cht thi nguy hi ch u t s tin hnh thu gom, lu tr v x l theo ng Quy ch qun l cht thi nguy hi ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 155/1999/Q-TTg ngy 16/07/1999 ca Th Tng Chnh Ph v Thng t 2/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2006 v vic hng dn iu kin hnh ngh, th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi. Ch d n cam kt chu hon ton trch nhim trc php lut Vit Nam nu vi phm cc Cng c Quc t, cc Tiu chun Vit Nam v nu xy ra s c gy nhim mi trng. Ch d n cam kt s kt hp vi cc c quan chuyn mn v c quan qun l mi trng a phng trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n thit k, vn hnh cc h thng x l nhim khng kh, n rung v nc thi nhm t tiu chun theo quy nh ca Nh nc Vit Nam. Chng ti s p dng cc bin php phng chng s c v gim thiu nhim nh trnh by trong bo co, ng thi tng cng cng tc o to cn b nhm nng cao nng lc qun l nh my, bo m vn hnh nh my an ton v t hiu qu cao nht, khng gy nhim mi trng. Hin ti chng ti thu n v t vn c kinh nghim thit k v thi cng h thng x l nc thi, m bo H thng x l c vn hnh khi d n i vo hot ng. Cng ty cam kt s hon thnh cc cng trnh x l mi trng trc khi d n i vo hot ng. Cng ty cam kt vic k khai v np ph nc thi theo ng quy nh ca S Ti nguyn Mi trng.
Trang 73
Chng 6
CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG

6.1 Danh mc cc cng trnh x l mi trng D n s u t h thng khng ch, x l nhim qu trnh hot ng khng gy nh hng n mi trng. H thng x l nhim khng kh Danh mc h thng khng ch nhim kh thi c nu trong bng 6.1. Bng 6.1. Cc cng trnh khng ch nhim khng kh Stt 1 2 3 4 5 Tn cng trnh X l bi nh xng X l bi H thng chng nng X l kh thi my pht in X l kh thi l hi M t H thng qut thng thong nh my. 01 Xe phun nc ng t v khu vc pht sinh bi B tr cc qut ht gi ti nhng khu vc pht sinh nhit. ng khi cao t 3-5m
S dng dung dch kim long NaOH, Na2CO3 hoc Ca(OH)2 hp th kh SO2 trong kh thi nh thp hp th rng tit din trn hot ng theo nguyn l hp th ngc dng. Sau kh thi c qua ng khi 12 m. Hiu sut ca qu trnh ny l 90%. Thi gian hon thnh cc cng trnh x l khong 2 thng H thng x l nc thi. Danh mc h thng khng ch nhim nc thi c nu trong bng 6.2. Bng 6.2. Cc cng trnh x l nc thi Stt 1 2 3 Tn cng trnh X l nc thi sinh hot H thng x l nc thi sn xut M t B t hoi 3 ngn ci tin. Tng cng sut l 900 m. Cng sut 3000 m/ngy.
ng ng thu gom nc thi v H thng ng ng thu gom bng mng nc ma b tng ct thp v nha PVC. Thi gian hon thnh 3 thng u t h thng thu gom cht thi rn sinh hot v sn xut Danh mc h thng khng ch nhim cht thi rn c nu trong bng 6.3. Bng 6.3. Cc cng trnh x l cht thi rn Stt Tn cng trnh M t
Trang 74
H thng thu gom rc thi sinh hot
Bao gm khong 10 thng ng rc thi kch thc 0,5m x 0,5m x 1,2m bng nha t ti cc v tr pht sinh rc thi trong khu vc d n Bi thu gom, phn loi (8*2*2) mt
2 3
Thu gom cht thi rn sn xut
Cht thi thuc thnh phn nguy Thu gom v lu tr theo quy nh (b cha hi kch thc 2m x 2m x 2m)
Thi gian hon thnh: 30 ngy u t h thng khng ch s c mi trng Danh mc h thng khng ch s c mi trng c nu trong bng 6.4. Bng 6.4. Cc cng trnh khng ch s c mi trng STT 1 2 Tn cng trnh Cng trnh chng st H thng PCCC M t Thit k theo TCVN 2622: 1995 v in tr ni t khng hn 10 Thit k tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun Phng chy v cha chy cho nh v cng trnh TCVN 2622: 1995.
Thi gian hon thnh: 15 ngy 6.2. Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng Chng trnh qun l mi trng bao gm cc ni dung chnh sau : nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on u t xy dng D n. Phi hp vi c quan qun l mi trng a phng, cc n v chuyn mn tin hnh gim st mi trng nh k trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca D n. Xy dng cc h thng x l kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn. o to, hng dn vn hnh cc h thng x l nhim cho nhn vin. Xy dng cc chng trnh kim tra, bo dng v bo tr ton b khu vc d n. Xy dng chng trnh m bo an ton lao ng, v sinh mi trng, k hoch phng chng s c mi trng. Vi mc tiu qun l mi trng nhm theo di, phng chng, khc phc v gim thiu n mc c th c cc tc ng bt li i vi mi trng, c bit l phng cc s c mi trng c th xy ra nhm bo v cuc sng ca cng ng dn c v cng nhn trc tip sn xut cng nh bo m hn ch nh hng n mi trng sinh thi trong khu vc. 6.2.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng 6.2.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
Trang 75
Vic gim st cht lng mi trng l mt trong nhng chc nng rt quan trng ca cng tc qun l mi trng v cng l mt phn quan trng ca cng tc nh gi nhng tc ng do hat ng ca Nh my ti mi trng. T cc kt qu quan trc c c th nh gi c hiu qu x l ca cc cng trnh x l cht thi xy dng t c nhng iu chnh, b sung cho hp l hn. Khi i vo hat ng sn xut, cng ty s phi hp vi cc c quan c chuyn mn v mi trng tin hnh gim st cht lng mi trng khu vc nh xng. Chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng ca cng ty c th nh sau:
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc cng trnh c bn
Mt s bin php qun l cn thc hin: Tun th cc quy nh v an ton lao ng khi t chc thi cng nh cc bin php thi cng t, vn b tr thit b, my mc; C cc bin php an ton lao ng khi lp tin thi cng nh: thi gian v trnh t thi cng phi m bo s n nh ca cng trnh, b tr tuyn thi cng, mt bng thi cng hp l khng gy cn tr ln nhau; Ti cng trng phi m bo: B tr hp l ng vn chuyn v i li. Lp ro chn cc khu vc nguy him nh trm bin th, xng du, vt liu d gy chy n. Thit k chiu sng nhng ni cn thit v ban m. Dng xe ti nc ti ng v ct, trong qu trnh trn btng. Trong qu trnh hot ng ca Cng ty Ch u t s cng vi cc c quan chc nng tin hnh thu mu gim st cht lng mi trng ti Nh my theo nh k nhm nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng, cung cp thng tin mi trng trong Nh my cho S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Bnh Dng, gp phn vo cng tc qun l mi trng ca tnh, c th nh sau: a. Gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh
-
V tr gim st: gm 03 im trong khu vc sn xut v 03 im ngai khu vc xung quanh. ng khi l hi 2 im. Cc thng s cn gim st: bi,CO, NO2, SO2, ClO2, H2S, ting n, nhit , tc gi.(i vi mi trng xung quanh); bi,CO, NOx, SO2, (i vi ng khi l hi) Tn sut gim st: 04 ln/nm Tiu chun so snh: Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng. b. Cht lng nc ngm V tr gim st: ti ging khoan ca nh my; Cc thng s cn gim st: pH, kim, tng cng, Cl-, PO43-, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, Fe tng, Coliform, Fecal Coli Tn sut gim st: 04 ln/nm Tiu chun so snh: Theo tiu chun cht lng nc ngm TCVN 5944 1995. c. Gim st cht lng nc thi V tr gim st:trc v sau h thng x l nc thi. Cc thng s gim st: pH, BOD5, COD, SS, mu, Cr3+, Tng N, Tng P, coliform. Tn sut gim st: 04 ln/nm.
Trang 76
nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum -
Tiu chun so snh: Theo tiu chun nc thi TCVN 5945:2005 ct B. Kinh ph gim st hng nm khong 70 triu ng
Cc s liu trn thng xuyn c cp nht, nh gi v ghi nhn kt qu. Nu c pht sinh nhim, Nh my s bo ngay cho cc cp c thm quyn ti a phng l S Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng tnh Bnh Dng c bin php x l thch hp.
Trang 77
Chng 7
D TON KINH PH CHO CC CNG TRNH MI TRNG

7.1. u t cc h thng x l nhim mi trng 7.1.1. Kinh ph u t h thng khng ch nhim khng kh Kinh ph u t h thng ng x, cy xanh v xe phun nc v cc h thng x l bi, v kh thi my pht in, l hi c tnh khong 960 triu ng. Danh mc h thng khng ch nhim kh thi c nu trong bng 7.1. Bng 7.1. Cc cng trnh x l kh thi Stt 1 2 3 4 Tn cng trnh Xe phun nc, trng cy, bo dng ng H thng chng nng Khng ch nhim my pht in Khng ch nhim l hi Kinh ph thc hin (triu ng) 130 50 30 750
7.1.2. Kinh ph u t h thng x l nc thi Kinh ph u t xy dng h thng x l nc thi sn xut v nc thi sinh hot l 15.000.000.000 ng Danh mc h thng khng ch nhim nc thi c cho trong bng 7.2 Bng 7.2. Cc cng trnh x l nc thi Stt 1 2 3 Tn cng trnh B t hoi H thng x l nc thi tp trung ng ng thu gom nc thi v nc ma Kinh ph thc hin (triu ng) 500 14.700 800
7.1.3. Kinh ph u t h thng x l cht thi rn Kinh ph u t h thng thu gom v x l cht thi rn : 37 triu ng. Danh mc h thng khng ch nhim cht thi rn c nu trong bng 7.3.
Bng 7.3. Cc cng trnh x l cht thi rn Stt 1 2 Tn cng trnh H thng thu gom rc thi sinh hot Thu gom v x l cht thi sn xut Kinh ph thc hin (triu ng) 7 30
Trang 78
7.1.4. D tnh chi ph khng ch s c mi trng. Kinh ph u t h thng khng ch s c mi trng khong 400 triu ng. Danh mc h thng khng ch s c mi trng c nu trong bng 7.4. Bng 7.4. Cc cng trnh khng ch s c mi trng Stt 1 2 Tn cng trnh Cng trnh chng st H thng PCCC Kinh ph thc hin (triu ng) 100 300
7.2. Chi ph vn hnh cc h thng x l nhim mi trng Kinh ph cho hot ng gim st cht lng mi trng trong mt nm: 94,8 triu ng. Chi ph vn hnh h thng x l nc thi: 4.500 ng/m3 Tng chi ph vn hnh cc h thng x l kh thi : khong 7,5 triu/thng Chi ph u t x l cht thi rn sinh hot v x l cht thi sn xut khong : 10 triu/thng
Trang 79
Chng 8
THAM VN KIN CNG NG

Cn c Theo quy nh ti im a, mc 4, khon 4, iu 01 ca Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v vic sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng, do D n c trin khai trong khu cng nghip nn khng phi tham vn kin ca UBND cp x v i din cng ng dn c ni thc hin d n.
Trang 80
Chng 9
D LIU V PHNG PHP NH GI

9.1 C s d liu
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) ca d n thc hin trn c s cc s liu sau: 1. Thng t s 08/2006/TT BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006 hng dn v nh gi tc ng mi trng chin lc v cam kt bo v mi trng. 2. S liu thng k v kh tng, thu vn v kinh t x hi ca huyn Bn Ct v tnh Bnh Dng. 3. S liu thu c t ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng khng kh, nc, t, ting n ti khu vc d n do Trung tm T vn & Chuyn giao Cng ngh An ton v sinh lao ng v Bo v mi trng (Trung tm COSHEPS) trc thuc Vin nghin cu khoa hc k thut bo h lao ng Phn vin min Nam thc hin. 4. Environment Technology Series Assessment of Air, water and Polution - World Health Organization 1993. 5. X l nc thi sinh hot ca Trn c H nm 2002. 6. Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca TS. Trnh Xun Lai, nm 2000. 7. PGS.TSKH Nguyn Xun Nguyn, Nc thi v cng ngh x l nc thi, Nh xut bn khoa hc K thut, 2003. 8. Cc ti liu tham kho k thut v cng ngh x l nc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn khc. 9. Cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam hin hnh. 10. H s d n u t v cc bn v thit k do ch u t cung cp. 11. Cc bo co v nh gi tc ng mi trng c c quan chuyn mn thc hin Vit Nam trong nhng nm qua, nht l cc bo co TM i vi cc d n c cng bn cht cng ngh v cc d n tng t khc. 12. Cc s liu cn phi iu tra, kho st v o c da vo phng php chung thc hin bo co TM. l cc s liu v hin trng mi trng (nc, khng kh, t v cc h sinh thi khc). 13. Cc ti liu tham kho trong v ngoi nc v cc bin php qun l v gim thiu cc tc ng xu n mi trng ca hot ng D n. 9.2. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM 9.2.1. Danh mc cc phng php s dng Hin nay c nhiu phng php nh gi nhng tc ng n mi trng trn th gii. Da trn c s ph hp vi hon cnh t nc, hon cnh khu vc ang xt v ph
hp vi s liu iu tra v ch yu l da vo Hng dn v thc hin lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng do Cc mi trng B Khoa Hc Cng Ngh & Mi Trng ban hnh. Qu trnh xy dng bo co TM ca d n s dng cc phng php nh gi TM chnh sau y: Lit k Phng php lit k cc tc ng n mi trng c th xy ra khi thc hin d n c p dng cho nhm: - Xc nh tc ng n mi trng do hot ng xy dng d n xy nh xng v lp t my mc n cc h sinh thi v kinh t x hi trong vng. - Xc nh tc ng n mi trng do cc tc nhn khc nhau ca qu trnh d n hot ng bao gm nhng vn v nc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn v v sinh lao ng, bnh ngh nghip... Phng on Da vo ti liu quc t v kinh nghim phng on cc tc ng c th c ca d n n mi trng v KT-XH nh gi nhanh
Cc phng php nh gi nhanh cc ngun nhim t, nc, khng kh do Economopolus son tho, c T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) ban hnh nm 1993 c p dng tnh ti lng nhim do kh thi. Cc phng php khc Phng php thng k nhm thu thp v x l cc s liu v iu kin kh tng thy vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc d n. Phn tch tnh kinh t ca d n. Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim nhm xc nh cc thng s k thut v hin trng cht lng khng kh, t, nc, n ti khu vc d n. Phng php iu tra, kho st thc t ti Cng ty nhm thu thp v x l cc s liu v hin trng u t, b tr mt bng, k thut cng ngh v cht thi ca d n. Phng php so snh dng nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca d n tren c s so snh vi cc mc quy nh trong cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam. Phng php tham kho cc kin nh gi ca cc chuyn gia v lnh vc bo v mi trng, nht l i vi cc d n u t tng t. 9.2.2. nh gi mc tin cy ca cc phng php s dng tin cy ca cc phng php m chng ti s dng trong bo co: Phng php lit k (check list): tng i n gin, cho php phn tch mt cch su sc
cc tc ng ca nhiu loi hot ng khc nhau ln cng mt nhn t. Lit k c y cc nhn t gy nhim mi trng: nc thi, rc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn, an ton lao ng chy n, s c, v sinh mi trng sn xut, cc tc ng n kinh t x hi c d n n khu vc vng. Phng php ny cho php lit k khong 95%. - Phng php nh gi nhanh tnh ton ti lng cc cht nhim c th d on c mc gy nh hng ca chng cho mi trng. chnh xc 99%. 9.3. Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca nh gi Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina l Ch u t d n hp ng vi n v t vn l Cng ty TNHH Xy dng v Mi trng Tr Tn thc hin nghin cu TM cho d n xn dng nh my dt nhum ca Cng ty. n v t vn lp k hoch, chng trnh v cc ni dung chnh cn thc hin trong lp bo co TM cho d n theo ng hng dn ca Thng t 08. Trong qu trnh thc hin nghin cu Ch u t v n v t vn tin hnh qu trnh nghin cu, kho st, iu tra, o c, phn tch v thu thp s liu, thng s cn thit v hin trng mi trng, kh tng, thy vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc d n v vng ln cn theo cc phng php tiu chun ban hnh. Qua nhng phn tch v nhn nh cho thy nhng tc ng n mi trng do d n gy ra khi i vo hot ng cng nh nhng bin php c xut nhm gim thiu ton b c thu thp nh gi km nhng dn chng thc t khch quan, khoa hc c a ra trong bo co cho thy tnh kh thi ca nhng bin php gim thiu c nh gi c tin cy cao.
Trang 83
KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. KT LUN Qua vic phn tch cc tc ng mi trng do hot ng ca d n cng nh nhng li ch do cc hot ng ca d n mang li c th rt ra mt vi kt lun nh sau: Hot ng sn xut ca d n l ph hp vi nh hng pht trin kinh t x hi v c nh nc khuyn khch u t, gp phn vo s nghip pht trin kinh t ca khu vc ni ring v tnh Bnh Dng ni chung. Cc sn phm ca d n to ra l cc sn phm cn thit ca th trng hin nay, d n c tnh kh thi cao v c nhiu thun li trong vic tm kim th trng tiu th. Cc vn gy tc ng tiu cc n mi trng xung quanh v khu vc sn xut, d n s thc hin cc bin php khng ch nhim nhm hn ch ti a cc tc ng tiu cc i vi mi trng nh nu trong Bo co. Cc ngun gy nhim trn hon ton c th khc phc c bng cc thit k khoa hc v la chn cng ngh thch hp, lp t h thng x l v vn hnh ng k thut. Cc ch tiu mi trng sau h thng x l m bo t tiu chun quy nh hin hnh, s gp phn bo v mi trng khu vc v n nh hot ng kinh doanh, sn xut. Kt hp vi cc bin php x l nhim, d n ra cc bin php kim sot nhm qun l cht ch v v sinh mi trng trong nh my hn ch ti a cht thi, xy dng ni qui an ton lao ng, chy n, v ng cu khi xy ra s c. Trn c s phn tch, nh gi tc ng mi trng, d n cam kt thc hin cc ni dung sau: Tun th nghim tc lut php Vit Nam v Cng c Quc t v bo v mi trng trong vic qun l v x l cc cht thi do hot ng sn xut D n s thc hin y v p dng cc phng n kim sot nhim gim thiu ti lng cc cht nhim v gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng trong hot ng sn xut ca nh my. Trong qu trnh hot ng, d n chu trch nhim thc hin cng tc gim st v bo v mi trng, thc hin ng cc bin php kim sot nhim v chng trnh gim st nh trnh by trong bo co nhm m bo cc tiu chun mi trng ca Nh nc Vit Nam v cc Cng c Quc T v Bo V Mi Trng. 2. KIN NGH Cc tc ng t hot ng ca d n ti mi trng l khng ln v hon ton c th kim sot c. ng thi cc sn phm m d n to ra ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic p ng nhu cu ca th trng. Hot ng ca d n mang li li ch ng gi v c bit c hiu qu v mt x hi ln lao, to iu kin cng vic lm cho ngi lao ng ti a phng. D n kin ngh cc cp lnh o, cc c quan chc nng xem xt, to iu kin thun li d n hon thnh cng tc bo v mi trng.
Trang 84
MC LC
Trang 85

DTM Det Nhuom

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DTM Det Nhuom

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

T chc thc hin TM

Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM ca D n.

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Bi v kh thi, ting n, cht thi rn, nc thi

Ting n, cht thi rn

Ting n, cht thi rn Nc thi

M t qu trnh thi cng:

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

S i Hnh 1.2. S cng ngh sn xut ca d n DT

THO NC (VT NC, SY) TY TRNG + GIT

NHUM NH HNH (cun t = 25300C) THO NC (VT NC, SY)

Hng km cht lng

Cht thi rn Trang 13

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

S lng/nm 1.000 8.000 1.000 4.500 2.000 16.500

Hin trng (%) 100 100

Xut x Hn Quc Hn Quc

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Tn my mc thit b Tng cng Xe ti Xe t Xe nng Tng cng

Hin trng (%)

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Tn My My qun ch My cun ch My nhum ch My nhum ch Kh nc ly tm My sy nhit in mi Cn trc Tng cng

n Gi 10.000 10.00 67.000 25.000 10.000 10.000 50.000

Tnh trng TS 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100% 80 ~100%

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG & KINH T X HI

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

iu kin t nhin v mi trng

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Ma ma bt u t thng 5 11 v chim 92% lng ma c nm.

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

TCVN 5937:2005 5938:2005

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

Hin trng mi trng t

Cng ty TNHH Panko Vina

nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n u t xy dng Nh my Dt nhum

mg/g mg/g mg/g