MỞ ĐẦU

Sv: Nguyn Th Ngt Lp H Ho K1
PHN 1
M U
K thut hin i c nhim v nghin cu cc qu trnh sn xut sn phm ho
hc mi, ci tin qu trnh c nhm tng nng sut cht lng trong cc ngnh ho
hc. Cc phng php ch bin ho hc rt khc nhau nhng nhn chung cc qu
trnh ch bin ho hc u tri qua mt s qu trnh vt l, ho hc ni chung nh
lng, lc, un nng, lm ngui, chng luyn
Chng l phng php dng tch cc hn hp cht lng cng nh cc hn
hp kh lng thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t
trong hn hp( cng nhit , p sut hi ca cc cu t khc nhau). Khi chng ta
thu c nhiu sn phm, thng c bao nhiu cu t s c by nhiu sn phm. Vi
trng hp hn hp gm hai cu t s c: sn phm nh gm cu t c bay hi
ln v mt phn rt t cu t c bay hi b, sn phm y gm cu t c bay
hi b v mt phn rt t cu t c bay hi ln hn.
Trong sn xut c nhiu phng php chng: chng n gin, chng bng hi
nc trc tip, chng luyn,
Chng luyn l phng php chng ph bin nht dng tch hon ton cc
cu t d bay hi c tnh cht ho tan mt phn hoc ho tan hon ton vo nhau.
Clorofom v Cacbontetraclorua l mt trong nhng sn phm ca ngnh cng
nghip tng hp hu c. Chng c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip ho hc ni
chung cng nh cng nghip hu c ni ring nh trong cng nghip ho du, dc
phm, phm nhum,
Thng thng trong cng nghip hu c CHCl
3
v CCl
4
dng hn hp nn
mun s dng chng ngi ta cn thit phi tch ring bit chng. thc hin iu
ny, ngi ta c th tin hnh chng luyn hn hp trong cc thp chng luyn lin
tc hoc gin on.
Thp chng luyn lin tc c th dng loi thp m, thp chp hoc thp a
l. Trong loi thp chp c s dng kh rng ri v cho hiu sut cao
n ho cng Khoa cng ngh ho
1
PHN 2
GII THIU CHUNG V DY CHUYN SN XUT
y dng thp chng luyn lin tc loi a chop p sut thng. S
nguyn l dy chuyn sn xut c trnh by trn hnh 1. Qu trnh lm vic ca dy
chuyn nh sau:
Nguyn liu u c cha vo thng cha 1 v c bm 2 bm ln thng
cao v 3. Mc cht lng cao nht v thp nht thng cao v c khng ch t ng
nh thit b T thng qua vic chnh t ng bm 2. T thng cao v, hn hp u
qua thit b un nng dung dch u 4. Ti y dung dch c gia nhit bng hi
nc bo ho nhit si. Sau vo thp chng luyn 5 a tip liu.
Thp chng luyn gm hai phn: phn t a tip liu tr ln gi l on
luyn, phn t a tip liu tr xung gi l on chng.
on chng c b phn un bc hi 9. B phn ny c gia nhit bng hi
nc.
Nh vy trong thp hi i t di ln gp cht lng i t trn xung. V theo
chiu cao thp , nhit cng ln cao cng thp nn hi khi i qua cc a t di
ln, cu t c nhit si cao s ngng t li v cui cng trn nh ta thu c hn
hp gm hu ht cc cu t d bay hi l CHCl
3
. Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t hi
6( hi i ngoi ng, nc lnh i trong ng v t di ln). y hi c ngng t
li. Mt phn cht lng sau khi ngng t hi lu v thp a trn cng, mt phn
khc i qua thit b lm lnh 8 lm lnh n nhit cn thit ri i vo thng
cha sn phm nh.
Cht lng i t trn xung gp hi c nhit cao hn, mt phn cu t c
nhit si thp( cu t d bay hi ) c bc hi v do nng cu t kh bay
hi trong cht lng ngy cng tng. Cui cng y thp ta thu c hn hp lng
gm hu ht cu t kh bay hi l CCl
4
.Thit b gia nhit 9 un si tun hon v
bc hi hn hp y thp. Mt phn cht lng tho ra y ni v c cung cp
vo phn di ca thp. Mt phn khc c tho ra lin tc a vo thng cha sn
2
phm y 11 khng ch bng cc van. Nc ngng t ca cc thit b gia nhit c
tho qua cc thit b tho nc ngng t ng 12.
thit b chng luyn ny: hn hp u vo lin tc v cc sn phm nh v
y ly ra lin tc

3
PHN 3
TNH TON THIT B CHNH
I. Tnh ton cn bng vt liu
Nng sut u: G
F
=4,75 kg/s
Nng hn hp u: a
F
=0,325
Nng sn phm nh: a
P
=0,98
Nng sn phm y:
W
a
=0,02
(theo cu t d bay hi, tnh theo phn khi lng)
1. Xc nh lng sn phm
Chuyn nng khi lng sang nng phn mol:

B
B
A
A
A
A
A
M
a
M
a
M
a
x
+
[II-126]
B A
a a
, : nng % khi lng ca cu t d bay hi v kh bay hi.
B A
M M
, ; khi lng phn t ca cu t d bay hi v kh bay hi

5 , 119
3

CHCl A
M M
, C t
s
0
7 , 61

154
4

CCl B
M M
, C t
s
0
5 , 76
p dng cng thc trn ta tnh c;

4 3
3
1
CCl
F
CHCl
F
CHCl
F
F
M
a
M
a
M
a
x
=
154
325 , 0 1
5 , 119
325 , 0
5 , 119
325 , 0
+
=0,3829

4 3
3
1
CCl
P
CHCl
P
CHCl
P
P
M
a
M
a
M
a
x
=
154
98 , 0 1
5 , 119
98 , 0
5 , 119
98 , 0
+
=0,9844
4

154
02 , 0 1
5 , 119
02 , 0
5 , 119
02 , 0
1
4 3
3
CCl
W
CHCl
W
CHCl
W
W
M
a
M
a
M
a
x
=0,0256
Lng hn hp u tnh theo kmol/s
F=
F
F
M
G
(kmol/s)
M
F
: khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp u (kmol/s)
4 3
). 1 ( .
CCl F CHCl F F
M x M x M +
M
F
=0,3829.119,5+(1-0,3829).154=140,79 (kg/kmol)
F =
F
F
M
G
=
0337 , 0
79 , 140
75 , 4
(kmol/s)
2. Tnh cn bng vt liu ton thit b .
Tnh theo kg/s:
W P F
G G G +
[II-144,IX.16]
Tnh theo cu t d bay hi:
W W P P F F
a G a G a G . . . +
[II-144,IX.17]
509 , 1
02 , 0 98 , 0
02 , 0 325 , 0
. 75 , 4 .
W P
W F
F P
a a
a a
G G
(kg/s) [II-144,IX.17]
G
W
= G
F
- G
P
= 4,75 1,509 =3,241 (kg/s)
Tnh theo kmol/s: F = P + W
W P F
x W x P x F . . . +

0126 , 0
0256 , 0 9844 , 0
0256 , 0 3829 , 0
. 0337 , 0 .
W P
W F
x x
x x
F P
(kmol/s)
W = F P =0,0337 0,0126 = 0,0211(kmol/s)
3. Tnh ch s hi lu ti thiu.
V ng cn bng y = f(x) theo s liu t bng IX-2a
5
x 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
y 0.0 13.5 26.5 39.5 52.0 63.5 72.5 81.0 88.5 95.0 100.0
t 76.8 74.4 72.6 70.6 68.6 66.9 65.3 63.9 62.6 61.5 60.8
ng nng lm vic ca on luyn i qua im x=y=x
P
=0,9844
ng nng lm vic ca on chng i qua im x=y=
W
x
=0,0256
Giao im ca 2 ng lm vic c to x=y=x
F
=0,3829
Mt s gi thit:
Hn hp u i vo thp nhit si
S mol ca pha hi i t di ln bng nhau trong mi tit din ca thp
Ton b hi i ra khi thp c ngng t hon ton
un si y thp bng hi gin tip
S mol cht lng khng i theo chiu cao trong on luyn v on
chng
Sn phm y i ra khi thp l hon ton lng

F F
F P
x y
y x
R
*
*
min
[II-158, IX.24]
R
thch hp
=
min
.R

) 5 . 2 1 (
[II-158, IX.25a]
T th : y
*
=0.4988

19 , 4
3829 , 0 4988 , 0
4988 , 0 9844 , 0
min

R
T ng vi mi ng nng lm vic ta tm c mt s a l thuyt
khc nhau. Ta c kt qu trong bng sau:
1.2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2 2.2 2.5

R 5.028 6.285 6.704 7.123 7.542 8.38 9.218 10.475
N
lt
43 32 30 28 27 26 24 23
N
lt
(R=1) 259.204 233.12 231.12 227.444 230.634 243.88 245.2 263.925
T th quan h gia N
lt
(R=1) v R
x
Ta tm c :
R
th
=7,123
6
4. Phng trnh nng lm vic ca on luyn .

1
.
1 +
+
+
x
P
x
x
R
x
x
R
R
y
[II-144, IX.20]
Trong : x: nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong pha lng chy t
a xung
y: nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong pha hi i t di ln
a

1 123 , 7
9844 , 0
.
1 123 , 7
123 , 7
+
+
+
x y
y=0,877.x+0,121
5. Phng trnh nng lm vic ca on chng .
W
x x
x
x
R
f
x
R
f R
y .
1
1
.
1 +
+
+
+

[II-158, IX.22]

P
F
f
:lng hn hp u tnh theo 1 n v sn phm nh

6746 , 2
0126 , 0
0377 , 0
f

0256 , 0 .
1 123 , 7
6746 , 2 1
.
1 123 , 7
6746 , 2 123 , 7
+
+
+
+
x y

0053 , 0 . 206 , 1 x y
II. Tnh ng knh thp
ng knh thp c xc nh theo cng thc:

tb y y
tb
g
D
) . (
0188 , 0

(m) [II-181, IX.90]

Trong : g
tb
: lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (kg/h)
tb y y
) . (
: tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (kg/m
2
.s)
1. Tnh dng knh on luyn .
a. Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn .
2
1
g g
g
d
tb
+
(kg/h) [II-181, IX.91]
7
Trong : g
d
:lng hi i ra khi a trn cng ca thp (kg/h)

1
g
:lng hi i vo a di cng ca on luyn (kg/h)
Lng hi i vo on luyn c xc nh theo h phng trnh cn bng vt
liu v nhit lng sau:

'
+
+
d d
p p
P
r g r g
a G x G y g
G G g
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
.
[IX.93,94,95]
F
g1
G1
Gd
Gx
P
G
1
: lng lng i vo a 1 ca on luyn (kg/h)
G
p
:lng sn phm nh (kg/h)
G
x
: lng lng hi lu (kg/h)

) / ( 2576 , 12 ) 123 , 7 1 ( 5096 , 1 ) 1 ( s kg R G G G g
th p p x d
+ + +

1
x

:hm lng lng i vi a th nht ca on luyn (kg/kg)
1
r
: n nhit ho hi ca hn hp i vo a th nht (kcal/kmol)

d
r
:n nhit ho hi ca hn hp i khi nh thp (kcal/kmol)
Ta c:
b a
r y y r r ) 1 (
1 1 1
+

b d d a d
r y y r r ) 1 ( +
8
b a
r r ,
:n nhit ho hi ca CHCl
3
v CCl
4
(kcal/kmol)
1
y
:hm lng hi i trong on luyn
d
y
:hm lng hi trn nh thp
98 , 0
F P d
a y y
(kg/kg)
F 1
a x
=0,325 (kg/kg)
Ta c nhit si ca hn hp ti
P W F
x x x , ,
l:(tra t th t,x,y)

F
t
=68,9249
0
C

P
t
=60,8789
0
C

W
t
=76,2645
0
C
Ta c:

) 60 ( 3
0
CHCl
r
=59,1 (kcal/kg)
r
CHCl3(100)
=55,2 (kcal/kg)
tF CHCl
r
, 3
23 , 58 1 , 59 ) 60 9249 , 68 (
60 100
1 , 59 2 , 55
+
(kcal/kg)
r
CHCl3,tP
=
0143 , 59 1 , 59 ) 60 8789 , 60 (
60 100
1 , 59 2 , 55
+
(kcal/kg)
tW CHCl
r
, 3
51 , 57 1 , 59 ) 60 2645 , 76 (
60 100
1 , 59 2 , 55
+
(kcal/kg)
Ta c:
r
CCl4(60)
=48,2 (kcal/kg)
r
CCl4(100)
=44,3 (kcal/kg)
r
CCl4,tF
=
2 , 48 ) 60 9249 , 68 (
60 100
2 , 48 3 , 44
+
=47,3298 (kcal/kg)
r
CCl4,tP
=
2 , 48 ) 60 8789 , 60 (
60 100
2 , 48 3 , 44
+
=48,1143 (kcal/kg)
tW CCl
r
, 4 =
6142 , 46 2 , 48 ) 60 2645 , 76 (
60 100
2 , 48 3 , 44
+
(kcal/kg)
r
1
=r
a
y
1
+(1-y
1
)r
b
9
=58,23y
1
+(1-y
1
)47,3298
=10,9002y
1
+47,3298 (kcal/kg)
r
d
=r
a
y
d
+(1-y
d
)r
b

=

59,0143.0,98+(1-0,98)48,1143
=58,7963 (kcal/kg)
Thay cc gi tr vo h phng trnh ta c:

'
+
+
d d
p p
P
r g r g
a G x G y g
G G g
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
.
'
+
+
+
7963 , 58 . 2576 , 12 ) 3298 , 47 9002 , 10 (
98 , 0 . 509 , 1 325 , 0
509 , 1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1
y g
G y g
G g
'
) / ( 4463 , 12
) / ( 3958 , 0
) / ( 9553 , 13
1
1
1
s kg G
kg kg y
s kg g
r
1
=10,9002.0,3958+47,3298=51,6444 (kcal/kg)
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn:

2
1
g g
g
d
tb
+
=
10645 , 13
2
2576 , 12 9553 , 13
+
( kg/s)
b.Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi
273 .
. 4 , 22
) 1 (
4 1 3 1
T
M y M y
CCl tb CHCl tb
ytb
+

[IX.102]
T :nhit lm vic trung bnh ca on luyn(k)
y
tb1
:nng phn mol ca CHCl
3
y
tb1
=
2
1 1 c d
y y +
y
d1
,y
c1
:nng ti hai u thp
Nng phn mol trung bnh ca cu t CHCl
3
trong pha lng
10
x
tb
= 68365 , 0
2
3829 , 0 9844 , 0
2

+
+
P F
x x
ng vi x
tb
=0,68365 (tra t th t-x-y) ta c t
tb
=64,1194
0
C
y
d1
=y
P
=x
P
=0,9844
y
c1
=y
1
=0,3958 (kg/kg)
i y
1
t phn khi lng sang phn mol:
y
1
=
4578 , 0
154
3958 , 0 1
5 , 119
3958 , 0
5 , 119
3958 , 0
+
( kmol/kmol)
y
tb1
= 7211 , 0
2
4578 , 0 9844 , 0
2
1 1

+
+
c d
y y
(kmol/knol)
T=273+64,1194=337,1194K
Vy ta c:

273 .
. 4 , 22
) 1 (
4 1 3 1
T
M y M y
CCl tb CHCl tb
ytb
+

=
273 .
1194 , 337 . 4 , 22
154 ). 7211 , 0 1 ( 5 , 119 . 7211 , 0 +

=4,668 (kg/m
3
)
c.khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng.

2
1
1
1
1 1
xtb
tb
xtb
tb
xtb
a a

+
[IX-104a]
xtb
:khi lng ring ca cht lng

2 1
,
xtb xtb

:khi lng ring trung bnh ca cu t CHCl
3
,CCl
4
ly theo nhit
trung bnh
a
tb1
:phn khi lng ca CHCl
3
trong lng
a
tb1
= 6525 , 0
2
325 , 0 98 , 0
2
F

+
+ a a
P
Vi t
tb
=64,1194
0
C ta c
11
525 , 1507
61 , 1404
2
1
xtb
xtb
( kg/m
3
) [Bng I.2]
525 , 1507
6525 , 0 1
61 , 1404
6525 , 0 1
+
xtb

74 , 1438
xtb
kg/m
3
d. Tc hi i trong on luyn

[ ]
ytb xtb tb y x
h . . . 065 , 0 ) (
(kg/m
2
s) [IX-105]
xtb
, ytb
:l khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng v pha hi tnh theo nhit
trung bnh (kg/m
3
)
h :khong cch gia cc a (m)
Gi tr h chn theo ng knh thp, chn h=0,6m
Vi t
tb
=64,1194
0
C tra bng
7 , 21 ) 60 (
0
3
C
CHCl
(yn/cm)
19 ) 80 (
0
3
C
CHCl
(yn/cm)
1439 , 21 7 , 21 ) 60 1194 , 64 (
20 80
7 , 21 19
) 1194 , 64 (
0
3
+
C
CHCl
(yn/cm)
4 , 22 ) 60 (
0
4
C
CCl
(yn/cm)
6 , 19 ) 80 (
0
4
C
CCl
(yn/cm)

8233 , 21 4 , 22 ) 60 1194 , 64 (
20 80
4 , 22 6 , 19
) 1194 , 64 (
0
4
+
C
CCl
(yn/cm)

8233 , 21
6525 , 0 1
1439 , 21
6525 , 0 1 1
4
1
3
1

+
+
CCL
tb
CHCL
tb
a a

[I-129]

3751 , 21
(yn/cm) >20

ch n
) (
=1

1262 , 4 668 , 4 . 74 , 1438 . 6 , 0 1 . 065 , 0 ) (
tb y x

(kg/m
2
s)

e. ng knh on luyn.
12

tb y y
tb
g
D
) . (
0188 , 0

= 0,0188
1262 , 4
3600 . 10645 , 13
=2,01(m)
Quy chun D=2m
f. Tnh li tc hi.

8843 , 0
668 , 4 . 01 , 2
3600 . 10645 , 13 . 0188 , 0
.
. 0188 , 0
2
2
2
2

ytb
tb
ytb
D
g
(m/s)
2. Tnh ng knh on chng .
a. Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng.

2
1 n
tb
g g
g
+
(kg/s) [IX-96]

1
g
:lng hi i vo on chng(kg/s)

n
g
:lng hi i ra khi on chng

n
g
=
1
g
Tnh theo h phng trnh:

'

+
+
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
.
r g r g r g
a G y g x G
G g G
n n
W W W
W
[IX98,99,100]
0349 , 0
*
1

W
y y tra t ng cn bng ng vi
W
x

1
G
:lng lng i vo a th nht ca on chng (kg/s)
Gw :lng sn phm y(kg/s)
1
x
:hm lng lng i vi a 1 ca on chng
13
1
r
: n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a 1 ca on chng (kcal/kg)
0445 , 0
154
0349 , 0 1
5 , 119
0349 , 0
5 , 119
0349 , 0
1

+
y
kg/kg
4
1 1
3
1
) 1 ( .
CCl CHCl
r y y r r +
(tw)
=57,51.0,0445+(1-0,0445)46.6142=47,099 (kcal/kg)
n
r
:n nhit ho hi ca hn hp i vo a trn cng ca on
chng(kcal/kg)
713 , 720 6444 , 51 . 9552 , 13
1 1
r g r g
n n

'

+
+
713 , 720 099 , 47
02 , 0 . 241 , 3 0445 , 0 .
241 , 3
1
1 1 1
1 1
g
g x G
g G

'

) / ( 0402 , 0
) / ( 5431 , 18
) / ( 3021 , 15
1
1
1
kg kg x
s kg G
s kg g

2
1 n
tb
g g
g
+
=
6287 , 14
2
9553 , 13 3021 , 15
+
(kg/s)
b.Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi ca on chng .
Ta c: 20425 , 0
2
0256 , 0 3829 , 0
2

+
W F
tb
x x
x
Tra t th t-x-y ta c t
tb
=72,5135
0
C

2
1 1 c d
tb
y y
y
+
y
d1
,y
c1
:nng phn mol ca CHCl
3
trong pha hi hai u on chng
y
d1
=
0349 , 0
W
y
y
c1
=y
1
=0,4578 (kmol/kmol)
24635 , 0
2
4578 , 0 0349 , 0
2
1 1

+
c d
tb
y y
y (kmol/kmol)
14
T=273+72,5135=345,5135K

1323 , 5 273 .
5135 , 345 . 4 , 22
154 ). 24635 , 0 1 ( 5 , 119 . 24635 , 0
ytb
(kg/m
3
)
c.Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (on chng).
1725 , 0
2
02 , 0 325 , 0
2
F
1

+
W
tb
a a
a
Vi t
tb
=72,5135
0
C ni suy ta c:
22 , 1488
6 , 1391
2
1
xtb
xtb
kg/m
3
Vy:
22 , 1488
1725 , 0 1
6 , 1391
1725 , 0 1
+
xtb
.
61 , 1470
xtb
kg/m
3
d. Tc hi i trong on chng.

1323 , 5
ytb
kg/m
3

61 , 1470
xtb
kg/m
3
t
tb
=72,5135
0
C

648 , 20
01 , 20
4
3

CCl
CHCl
(yn/cm)
648 , 20
1725 , 0 1
01 , 20
1725 , 0 1 1
4
1
3
1

+
+
CCl
tb
CHCl
tb
a a

[I-129]
=20,535 >20 do ta chn

[ ] 1

37415 , 4 61 , 1470 . 1323 , 5 . 6 , 0 1 . 065 , 0 ) (
tb y x

( kg/m
2
s)
e. ng knh on chng.

tb y y
tb
g
D
) . (
0188 , 0

=0,0188.
37415 , 4
3600 . 6287 , 14
=2,06(m)
Quy chun D=2m
15
f.Tnh li lng hi i trong thp.

8546 , 0
1323 , 5 . 06 , 2
3600 . 6287 , 14 . 0188 , 0
.
. 0188 , 0
2
2
2
2

ytb
tb
ytb
D
g
(m/s)
III. Tnh chiu cao thp.
1.Chiu cao on luyn.
phn ng knh ta c:
g
ytb
=13,10645kg/s
y
tb
=0,7211kmol/kmol ,x
tb
=0,68365 kmol/kmol
3
/ 668 , 4 m kg
ytb

3
/ 74 , 1438 m kg
xtb

1.1 nht.
a.xt pha hi.

2
2 2
1
1 1
. .

M m M m M
hh
hh
+
[I-85]
M
hh
,M
1
,M
2
:khi lng mol ca hn hp kh v cu t trong hn hp.
2 1
, ,
hh
: nht tng ng
m
1
,m
2
:phn th tch ca cc cu t trong hn hp.
M
hh
=y
tb
.M
CHCl3
+(1-y
tb
)M
CCl4
=0,7211.119,5+(1-0,7211)154
=129,22
Coi hi l l tng: m
1
=ytb=0,7211
m
2
=1-y
tb
=0,2789
64,1194
0
C (tra bng trang 115 HCI)
7
3
10 . 236 , 114 110 ) 50 1194 , 64 (
50 100
110 125

+

CHCl
(Ns/m
2
)

7
4
10 . 389 , 111 108 ) 50 1194 , 64 (
50 100
108 120

+
CCl
(Ns/m
2
)
7 7
10 . 389 , 111
154 . 2789 , 0
10 . 236 , 114
5 , 119 . 7211 , 0 22 , 129

+
hh
7
10 . 2729 , 113

hh
(Ns/m
2
)
b.Xt pha lng.
16

2 2 1 1
lg lg lg x x
hh
+
[I-84]
2 1
,
: nht ca tng cu t.
x
1
,x
2
:nng phn mol ca cc cu t trong hn hp
t
tb
=64,1194 tra bng I .101,trang 91 HCI ta c:
Ni suy:

3
3
10 . 3776 , 0 39 , 0 ) 60 1194 , 64 (
60 80
39 , 0 33 , 0

+
CHCl
(Ns/m
2
)

3
4
10 . 5657 , 0 55 , 0 ) 60 1194 , 64 (
60 80
55 , 0 472 , 0

+
CCl
(Ns/m
2
)
x
1
=x
tb
=0,68365
x
2
=1-x
tb
=0,31635
3 3
10 . 5657 , 0 lg 31635 , 0 10 . 3776 , 0 lg 68365 , 0 lg

+
hh

4
10 . 2922 , 4

hh
(Ns/m
2
)
1.2 H s khuch tn ca kh vo hi.

B A
B A
y
M M
V V p
T
D
1 1
) (
. 10 . 0043 , 0
2 3 / 1 3 / 1
5 , 1 4
+
+
(m
2
/s) [II -T118]
M
A
,M
B
: khi lng mol ca CHCl
3
,CCl
4
V
A
,V
B
: th tch mol ca cc kh (m
3
)
P: p sut chung (atm)
T:nhit (K) =64,1194+273=337,1194
0
C
Th tch mol tnh theo cng thc:
V=
i
V n.

n: s nguyn t cng loi
V
i
:th tch nguyn t (tra bng 17-QTTB Tp 2)
Ta c :p=1
V
A
=V
CHCl3
=1.14,8+3,7+3.24,6=92,3 (cm
3
/mol)
V
B
=V
CCl4
=1.14,8+4.22,6=113,2 (cm
3
/mol)
Vy:

154
1
5 , 119
1
) 2 , 113 3 , 92 ( 1
1194 , 337 . 10 . 0043 , 0
2 3 / 1 3 / 1
5 , 1 4
+
+
y
D
=3,706.10
-6
m
2
/s
17
1.3 H s cp khi.
a. H s cp khi ca pha hi.
Tnh cho 1 m
2
din tch lm vic ca a chp.
) 11000 Re . 79 , 0 (
4 , 22
+
y
y
y
D
(
kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
) [IX-42]
D
y
:h s khuch tn trung bnh trong pha hi
Ta c:

y
y y
y
h
. .
Re
y
:vn tc hi tnh cho mt ct t do ca thp

y
=0,8843m/s
h: kch thc di, chp nhn h=1m
y
: khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi

) / ( 668 , 4
3
m kg
ytb

7
10 . 2729 , 113

y
( NS/m
2
)
7
7
10 . 0364 , 0
10 . 2729 , 113
668 , 4 . 1 . 8843 , 0
Re
y
04945 , 0 ) 11000 10 . 0364 , 0 . 79 , 0 (
4 , 22
10 . 706 , 3
7
6
+
,
_
kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
b.H s cp khi ca pha lng

62 , 0
Pr .
.
. . 38000
x
x
x x
x
h M
D

,
_
kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
[IX-44]
M
x
:khi lng mol trung bnh ca lng
M
x
=x
tb
.M
1
+(1-x
tb
)M
2
=0,68365.119,5+(1-0,68365)154
=130,414 kg/mol
h: kch thc di, chp nhn h=1m
18

3
/ 74 , 1438 m kg
xtb x

D
x
: h s khuch tn trung bnh ca pha lng.

[ ] ) 20 ( 1
20
+ t D D
x
[VIII-15]
b=0,017 (tra bng VIII-8)
D
20
=D
AB
c xc nh nh sau:

2 3 / 1 3 / 1
6
20
) (
1 1
10 . 1
B A B
B A
B A
V V AB
M M
D D
+
+

[VIII-14]
D
AB
: h s khuch tn ca kh trong lng (m
2
/s)
M
A
,M
B
: khi lng mol ca cc cu t(kg/mol)
A,B: h s hiu chnh ca kh khuch tn v ca dung mi
B
: nht ca dung mi 20
0
C( cp)
V
A
,V
B
:th tch mol (cm
3
/mol)
Ta c: A=1,B=0,94
V
A
=92,3(cm
3
/mol)
V
B
=113,2(cm
3
/mol)

B
=0,97cp (I-101-HCI-T91)

9
2 3 / 1 3 / 1
6
20
10 . 504 , 1
) 2 , 113 3 , 92 ( 97 , 0 94 , 0 . 1
154
1
5 , 119
1
10 . 1
+
+

B A
D D
(m
2
/s)
Vy: [ ] [ ]
9 9
20
10 . 632 , 2 ) 20 1194 , 64 ( 017 , 0 1 10 . 504 , 1 ) 20 ( 1

+ + t D D
x
(m
2
/s)
Chun s pran:

x x
x
x
D .
Pr
Pr
x
: chun s pran i vi pha lng
x
: nht trung bnh ca lng (Ns/m

2
)=4,2922.10
-4
(Ns/m
2
)
x
:khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng

3474 , 113
10 . 632 , 2 . 74 , 1438
10 . 2922 , 4
Pr
9
4

x
19
0207 , 0 3474 , 113 .
1 . 414 , 130
10 . 632 , 2 . 74 , 1438 . 38000
62 , 0
9

kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
1.4 H s chuyn khi.

0207 , 0 04945 , 0
1
1
1
1
i
x
i
y
y
m m
K
+

[IX-93]
m
i
: h s phn b vt cht ph thuc vo nhit , p sut, nng .
1.5 Tnh ng knh ng chy chuyn.

c c x
xtb
c
z
g
d
. . . . 3600
. 4

[IX-217]
g
xtb
: lu lng lng i trong on luyn (kg/h)

2
1 x
xtb
G G
g
+
G
1
: lu lng lng i vo a th nht ca on luyn
G
1
=12,4463 kg/s
G
x
: lng lng hi lu
G
x
=R
x
.G
p
=7,123.1,509=10,7486 kg/s
h kg s kg g
xtb
/ 82 , 41750 3600 . 59745 , 11 / 59745 , 11
2
7486 , 10 4463 , 12

+
=1438,74 kg/m
3
z
c
: s ng chy chuyn ph thuc vo ng knh thp, chn z
c
=1
c
:tc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn

Chn
c
=0,2m/s

m d
c
23 , 0
1 . 2 , 0 . 74 , 1438 . . 3600
82 , 41750 . 4

Quy chun:d
c
=0.2m
1.6 Tnh s n v chuyn khi.

ytb
L y
yt
g
f K
m
.
IX-65a
g
ytb
: lng hi trung bnh ca on luyn (kmol/s)
20
g
ytb
=13,10645kg/s=
) / ( 1015 , 0
22 , 129
10645 , 13
s kmol
K
y
: h s chuyn khi (kmol/m
2
s)
f
L
=F-(f
ch
.m+f
h
.n)
F: din tch mt b mt ct ngang ca thp.
2
2 2
1415 , 3
4
0 , 2 .
4
.
m
D
F

f
ch
: din tch mt ct ngang ca ng chy chuyn.
2
2 2
0314 , 0
4
2 , 0 .
4
.
m
d
f
c
ch

d
h
: ng knh ca ng hi, chn d
h
=0,1m
2
2 2
00785 , 0
4
1 , 0 .
4
.
m
d
f
h
h

n: s ng hi trn mi a
40
1 , 0
2
. 1 , 0 . 1 , 0
2
2
2
2

h
d
D
n
[IX-212]
Quy chun: n=40
m: s ng chy chuyn trn mi a, chn m=1
2
8 , 2 ) 40 . 00785 , 0 1 . 0314 , 0 ( 1415 , 3 m f
L
+
i
i
y y
ytb
L y
yT
m
m
K K
g
f K
m
+
+

4186 , 0
5848 , 0
0207 , 0 04945 , 0
1
1
. 25 , 28 . 25 , 28
1015 , 0
8 , 2
.
.
2.Xt on chng.
g
ytb
=14,6287(kg/s)=0,10054(kmol/s)
x
tb
=0,20425
y
tb
=0,24635
3
/ 1323 , 5 m kg
ytb

3
/ 61 , 1470 m kg
xtb

t
c
=72,5135
0
C
2.1 nht.
a. Pha hi.
21
t
c
=72.5135
0
C tra bng I-113 v ni suy ta c:
2 7
3
/ 10 . 754 , 116 110 ) 50 5135 , 72 (
50 100
110 125
m Ns
CHCl

+

2 7
4
/ 10 . 403 , 113 108 ) 50 5135 , 72 (
50 100
108 120
m Ns
CCl

+

Ta c:
4 3
) 1 ( .
CCl tb CHCl tb
M y M y M +
=0,24635.119,5+(1-0,24635).154=145,5

2
1 1
1
1 1
. .

M m M m M
+
Coi hi l l tng:m
1
=y
tb
=0,24635
m
2
=1-y
tb
=0,75365
7 7
10 . 403 , 113
154 . 75365 , 0
10 . 754 ,. 116
5 , 119 . 24635 , 0 5 , 145

+

2 7
/ 10 . 0647 , 114 m Ns
y

b. Xt pha lng.
Vi t
tb
=72,5135
0
C tra bng I-101v ni suy ta dc:
2 3
3
/ 10 . 3525 , 0 m Ns
CHCl

2 3
4
/ 10 . 5162 , 0 m Ns
CCl

nht ca pha lng c tnh theo cng thc sau:

2 2 1 1
lg lg lg x x
hh
+
[I-12]
x
1
=x
tb
=0,20425
x
2
=1-x
tb
=0,79575
2 4
3 3
/ 10 . 775 , 4
10 . 5162 , 0 lg 79575 , 0 10 . 3525 , 0 lg 20425 , 0 lg
m Ns
hh
hh
2.2 H s khuch tn ca kh vo hi.

B A
B A
y
M M
V V p
T
D
1 1
) (
. 10 . 0043 , 0
2 3 / 1 3 / 1
5 , 1 4
+
+
(m
2
/s ) [VIII-5-127]
T=273+72,5135=345,5135K
P=1atm
V
A
=92,3cm
3
/mol
22
V
B
=113,2 cm
3
/mol
s m
D
y
/ 10 . 8455 , 3
154
1
5 , 119
1
.
) 2 , 113 3 , 92 ( 1
5135 , 345 . 10 . 0043 , 0
2 6
2 3 / 1 3 / 1
5 , 1 4
+
+
2.3 H s cp khi.
a. Pha hi:tnh cho 1m
2
din tch b mt lm vic ca a
) 11000 Re . 79 , 0 (
4 , 22
+
y
y
y
D
kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
[IX-42]

7
7
10 . 03845 , 0
10 . 0647 , 114
1323 , 5 . 1 . 8455 , 0
. .
Re
y
y y
y
h

) 11000 10 . 03845 , 0 . 79 , 0 (
4 , 22
10 . 8455 , 3
7
6
+
y

=0,054
kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
b.Pha lng.
62 , 0
Pr .
.
. . 38000
x
x
x x
x
h M
D

kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
[IV-44]

[ ] ) 20 ( 1
20
+ t D D
x
[VIII-15]
b=0,017 (tra bng VIII-8)
D
20
=D
AB
c xc nh nh sau:

s m
V V AB
M M
D D
B A B
B A
B A
/ 10 . 504 , 1
) 2 , 113 3 , 92 ( 97 , 0 . 94 , 0 . 1
154
1
5 , 119
1
10 . 1
) (
1 1
10 . 1
2 9
2 3 / 1 3 / 1
6
2 3 / 1 3 / 1
6
20
+
+
+
+

[VIII-14]
[ ] s m D
x
/ 10 . 8467 , 2 ) 20 5135 , 72 ( 017 , 0 1 10 . 504 , 1
2 9 9
+
0602 , 114
10 . 8467 , 2 . 61 , 1470
10 . 775 , 4
.
Pr
9
4

x x
x
x
D
Ta c :M
x
=x
tb
.M
x
+(1-x
tb
)M
2
23
=0,20425.119,5+(1-0,20425)154=146,9534
0204 , 0 0602 , 114 .
1 . 9534 , 146
10 . 8467 , 2 . 61 , 1470 . 38000
62 , 0
9

kmol
kmol
s m
kmol
2
2.4 H s chuyn khi.

0204 , 0 054 , 0
1
1
1
1
i
x
i
y
y
m m
K
+

2.5 Tnh ng knh ng chy chuyn.

c c x
xtb
c
z
g
d
. . . . 3600
. 4

(m) [IX-217]
g
xtb
:lu lng lng trung bnh i trong on chng (kg/h)
h kg
s kg
G G G
g
F
xtb
/ 92 , 64330 3600 . 8697 , 17
/ 8697 , 17
2
4463 , 12 5431 , 18 75 , 4
2
1 1

+ +
+ +

m d
c
278 , 0
1 . 2 , 0 . 61 , 1470 . . 3600
92 , 64330 . 4

Quy chun:d
c
=0,2m
2.6 Tnh s n v chuyn khi.

ytb
L y
yt
g
f K
m
.
[IX-65a]
g
ytb
: lng hi trung bnh ca on luyn (kmol/s)
g
ytb
=14,6287kg/s=
) / ( 10054 , 0
5 , 145
6287 , 14
s kmol
K
y
: h s chuyn khi (kmol/m
2
s)
f
C
=F-(f
ch
.m+f
h
.n)
F: din tch mt b mt ct ngang ca thp.
2
2 2
1415 , 3
4
2 .
4
.
m
D
F

f
ch
: din tch mt ct ngang ca ng chy chuyn.
2
2 2
0314 , 0
4
2 , 0 .
4
.
m
d
f
c
ch

24
d
h
h
=0,1m
2
2 2
00785 , 0
4
1 , 0 .
4
.
m
d
f
h
h

n: s ng hi trn mi a
40
1 , 0
0 , 2
. 1 , 0 . 1 , 0
2
2
2
2

h
d
D
n
[ IX-212]
Quy chun: n=40
m: s ng chy chuyn trn mi a, chn m=1
2
8 , 2 ) 40 . 00785 , 0 1 . 0314 , 0 ( 1415 , 3 m f
C
+
i
i
y y
ytb
L y
yT
m
m
K K
g
f K
m
+
+

3778 , 0
6095 , 0
0204 , 0 054 , 0
1
1
. 875 , 29 . 875 , 29
10054 , 0
8 , 2
.
.
IV Tnh s a thc t ca thp. (theo ng cong ng hc)
V ng cong cn bng y
cb
=f(x)
V ng lm vic ca on chng, on luyn vi R
th
Phng trnh on chng: y=1,206x-0,0053
Phng trnh on luyn: y=0,877x+0,121
Dng cc ng thng vung gc ox tai cc im c honh :0,0256; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2;
0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8 ;0,9; 0,9844
Cc ng ny ct ng lm vic ti A
1
,A
2
,A
12
V ct ng cn bng ti C
1
,C
2
,C
12
Ta c:

cb
cb
i
x x
y y
m
i
L
yT
m
m
+
4186 , 0
5848 , 0

i
C
yT
m
m
+
3778 , 0
6095 , 0
yT
m
yT
e C
yT
C
AC
BC
x y y
cb
x
cb
m
i
m
yT
C
yT AC BC
25
0,0256 0,0256 0,0349 0,0188 1,3627 0,3628 1,6373 0,0093 0,00568
0,05 0,055 0,0681 0,0404 1,3557 0,3642 1,6394 0,013 0,0079
0,1 0,1154 0,135 0,0852 1,3268 0,3702 1,648 0,0196 0,0118
0,2 0,2361 0,265 0,1777 1,2966 0,3767 1,6575 0,0289 0,0174
0,3 0,3568 0,395 0,2703 1,2893 0,3783 1,6598 0,0382 0,023
0,4 0,4718 0,52 0,3612 1,2371 0,3842 1,6684 0,0482 0,028
0,5 0,5595 0,635 0,4323 1,1153 0,4134 1,7119 0,0755 0,044
0,6 0,6472 0,725 0,5125 0,8882 0,4816 1,8187 0,0788 0,042
0,7 0,735 0,81 0,6115 0,8482 0,496 1,8421 0,075 0,04
0,8 0,8227 0,885 0,7159 0,7416 0,539 1,9143 0,0623 0,032
0,9 0,9104 0,95 0,8366 0,6249 0,5955 2,0139 0,0396 0,02
0,9844 0,98 0,9927 0,967 0,2222 0,933 2,7421 0,0047 0,0017
T ng cong ng hc ta c s a thc t:
N
tt
=66, N
L
=21, N
C
=45
Chiu cao thp:

) 1 8 , 0 ( ) ( + +
d TT T
H N H
H
d
=0,6m, chn:
m 005 , 0

m
H
T
73 , 40
8 , 0 ) 005 , 0 6 , 0 ( 66
+ +
Quy chun: H
T
=40m
Chn khong cch t np n a cui cng ca on luyn bng 0,45m
Chiu cao on luyn:
H
L
=21(0,6+0,005)+0,45=13,155m
Chn: H
L
=13m
Chiu cao on chng:
H
C
=40-13=27m
V.Tnh tr lc ca thp.
Tr lc ca thp chp c tnh theo cng thc:

d TT
P N P .
(N/m
2
) [IX-135]
N
TT
: s a thc t ca thp
d
P
:tng tr lc ca mt a (N/m
2
)

t s k d
P P P P + +
[IX-136]
26
1. on luyn.
a. Tnh tr lc ca a kh. (
k
P
)

2
.
2
o y
k
P

(N/m
2
) [IX-137]
:h s tr lc, chn
=4,5
y
:khi lng ring ca pha hi (kg/m

3
)

o
:vn tc kh qua rnh chp (m/s)

n d
V
h
y
o
. . . 3600
. 4
2

(m/s)
V
y
: lng hi i trong thp (m
3
/h)

y
ytb
y
g
V
m
3
/h
g
ytb
=13,10645.3600=47183,22 (kg/h)
3
/ 668 , 4 m kg
ytb

h m V
y
/ 80206 , 10107
668 , 4
22 , 47183
3

d
h
h
=0,1m
n:s chp phn b trn mi a, n=40

s m
o
/ 93726 , 8
40 . 1 , 0 . . 3600
80206 , 10107 . 4
2

923 , 838
2
93726 , 8 . 668 , 4
5 , 4
2

k
P (N/m
2
)
b. Tr lc ca a do 2 sc cng b mt (
k
P
).

td
s
d
P
. 4

( N/m
2
) [IX-138]
:sc cng b mt (N/m)

d
td
: ng knh tng ng ca khe rnh chp (m) khi rnh chp m hon ton:
) ( . 4 x f
d
td

f(x): din tch tit din t do ca rnh.
27
f(x)=h
r
.b,h
r
,b- chiu cao v chiu rng rnh(nu rnh ch nht)
Chn: h
r
=20mm
b=4mm
2 5
10 . 8 80 4 . 20 ) ( m mm x f

Chu vi rnh:
m 048 , 0 ) 004 , 0 . 02 , 0 ( 2
Vy: m d
td
0067 , 0
048 , 0
10 . 8 . 4
5

Sc cng b mt ca hn hp:

3751 , 21
yn/cm=21,3751.10
-3
N/m
76 , 12
0067 , 0
10 . 3751 , 21 . 4
3

s
P N/m
2

c. Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a. (tr lc thu tnh)
)
2
( .
r
b b t
h
h g P N/m
2
[IX-139]
b
: khi lng ring ca bt, chn

x b
5 , 0
kg/m
3
g=9,81m/s
2
h
b
:chiu cao ca lp bt trn a(m)

b
b x ch b x x x c
b
F
f h h f h f F h h
h

.
) ( . . ) )( ( + + +
[IX-110]
h
c
; chiu cao on ng chy chuyn nh ln trn a(m)

h S b h h
c
+ + ) (
1
IX-219
h
1
:chiu cao mc cht lng trn khe chp,chn h
1
=30mm=0,03m
b: chiu cao khe chp,chn b=0,02m
S: khong cch t mt a n chn chp,chn S=10mm=0,01m
h :chiu cao mc cht lng bn trn ng chy chuyn:

2
3 )
. . 85 , 1 . 3600
(
c
d
V
h

[II-237]
V: th tch cht lng chy qua(m
3
/h)
d
c
: ng knh ng chy chuyn (m)
:chiu cao ca lp cht lng trn ng chy chuyn (m)
28
h
x
: chiu cao lp cht lng (khng ln bt) trn a(m)
F: phn b mt a c gn chp (ngha l tr hai phn din tch a b tr ng chy
chuyn) (m
2
)
f: tng din tch cc chp trn a (m
2
)
n d f
ch
. . 785 , 0
2

n: s chp trn a, n=40
d
ch
: ng knh chp

2 2
) . 2 (
ch h h ch
d d d + + [IX-214]
d
h
: ng knh ng hi, h=0,1m
ch
: chiu dy chp, chn

ch
=0,002m
1443 , 0 ) 002 , 0 . 2 1 , 0 ( 1 , 0
2 2
+ +
ch
d m
2 2
6538 , 0 40 . 1443 , 0 . 785 , 0 m f
x
: khi lng ring ca pha lng (kg/m

3
)
h
ch
: chiu cao ca chp (m)
3
/ 74 , 1438 m kg
xtb

g
xtb
=41750,82kg/h
) / ( 019 , 29
74 , 1438
82 , 41750
3
h m
g
V
xtb
xtb

d
c
=0,2m

m h 0364 , 0 )
2 , 0 . . 85 , 1 . 3600
019 , 29
(
2
3
Vy h
c
=(0,03+0,02+0,01)-0,0364=0,0236m
m h 0364 , 0
Chiu cao ca lp cht lng khng bt trn a:
m
h
S h
r
x
02 , 0
2
02 , 0
01 , 0
2
+ +
Chiu cao chp: h
ch
=h
H
+h
2
h
2
: chiu cao chp pha trn ng dn hi(m)
h
2
=0,25.d
h
=0,25.0,1=0,025m
h
H
: chiu cao ng dn hi
29
h
H
=1,2.d
h
=1,2.0,1=0,12m
Ta c: h
ch
=0,12+0,025=0,145m
Phn b mt a c gn chp (tr 2 phn din tch a b tr ng chy
chuyn)

cc
f
D
F 2
4
2

f
cc
:din tch a b tr ng chy chuyn (m
2
)
f
cc
=S
qut
-S
OAB
L
C
: chiu di ca chy trn, chn L
C
=0,98m=AB
OA=OB=
m
D
1
2
2
2

m
AB
OA OH 87 , 0 )
2
98 , 0
( 1 )
2
(
2 2 2 2

2
4263 , 0 98 , 0 . 87 , 0 .
2
1
. .
2
1
m AB OH S
OAB

S
qut
= m
D
7754 , 0
360
854 , 88
.
4
2
360
.
4
2 2

2
3491 , 0 4263 , 0 7754 , 0 m f
cc

2
2
3534 , 2 3491 , 0 . 2
4
2
m F

74 , 1438 . 5 , 0 . 3534 , 2
74 , 1438 . 5 , 0 . 6538 , 0 ) 02 , 0 145 , 0 (
6538 , 0 . 74 , 1438 . 5 , 0 . 02 , 0 74 , 1438 ) 6538 , 0 3534 , 2 )( 02 , 0 0364 , 0 0236 , 0 (
+ + +

b
h
=0,098m
Vy:
0177 , 621 )
2
02 , 0
098 , 0 ( 81 , 9 . 74 , 1438 . 5 , 0
t
P
(N/m
2
)
Tng tr lc ca mt a:
7 , 1472 0177 , 621 76 , 12 923 , 838 + +
d
P
(N/m
2
)
7 , 30926 7 , 1472 . 21 .
d
L
tt
P N P (N/m
2
)
2. on chng.
a.Tnh tr lc ca a kh.(
k
P
)
Ta c:
30
g
ytb
=14,6287kg/s=14,6287.3600=52663,32kg/h
3
/ 1323 , 5 m kg
ytb

h m
g
V
ytb
ytb
y
/ 15387 , 10261
1323 , 5
32 , 52663
3

s m
n d
V
h
y
o
/ 0729 , 9
40 . 1 , 0 . . 3600
15387 , 10261 . 4
. . . 3600
. 4
2 2

5759 , 950
2
0729 , 9 . 1323 , 5
. 5 , 4
2
.
2
2

o y
k
P

(N/m
2
)
b.Tr lc ca a do 2 sc cng b mt (
k
P
).
Ta c :

=20,535yn/cm = 20,535.10
-3
(N/m)
2597 , 12
0067 , 0
10 . 535 , 20 . 4 . 4
3

td
s
d
P

(N/m
2
)
c.Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a.(tr lc thu tnh)
Ta c:

3
/ 61 , 1470 m kg
xtb

3
/ 305 , 735 61 , 1470 . 5 , 0 . 5 , 0 m kg
x b

g
xtb
=64330,92 (kg/h)
Th tch cht lng chy qua:
h m
g
V
xtb
xtb
/ 7444 , 43
61 , 1470
92 , 64330
3

d
c
=0,2m
m
d
V
h
c
0478 , 0 )
2 , 0 . . 85 , 1 . 3600
7444 , 43
( )
. . 85 , 1 . 3600
( 3
2 2
3

m h S b h h
c
0122 , 0 0478 , 0 ) 01 , 0 02 , 0 03 , 0 ( ) (
1
+ + + +
Vy ta c:
31

61 , 1470 . 5 , 0 . 3534 , 2
61 , 1470 . 5 , 0 . 6538 , 0 ) 02 , 0 145 , 0 (
6538 , 0 . 61 , 1470 . 5 , 0 . 02 , 0 61 , 1470 ) 6538 , 0 3534 , 2 )( 02 , 0 0478 , 0 0122 , 0 (
.
) ( . . ) )( (
+ + +
+ + +
b
b x ch b x x x c
b
F
f h h f h f F h h
h

=0,0981m
Do :

2
/ 4954 , 635 )
2
02 , 0
0981 , 0 ( 81 , 9 . 61 , 1470 . 5 , 0 )
2
( . m N
h
h g P
r
b b t

Tng tr ca mt a:
2
/ 331 , 1598 4954 , 635 2597 , 12 5759 , 950 m N P
d
+ +
2
/ 895 , 71924 331 , 1598 . 45 . m N P N P
d
C
tt

VI. Tnh cn bng nhit.
1 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b un nng hn hp u.
Q
D1
+Q
f
=Q
F
+Q
ng1
+Q
xq1
(J/h) [IX-149]
Q
D1
: l nhit lng do hi t mang vo (J/h)

) (
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C r D D Q
D
+
(J/h) [IX-150]
Q
f
: l nhit lng hn hp u mang vo (J/h)
Q
F
: l nhit lng hn hp u mang ra (J/h)
Q
xq
: l lng nhit mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh (J/h)
Q
ng1
: l nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra (J/h)
a.Tnh Q
f
:
Q
f
=F.C
f
.t
f
(J/h) [IX-151]
F: lng hn hp u (kg/h); F=17100kg/h
C
f
: nhit dung ring ca hn hp u 25
0
C (J/kg )
Chn t
f
=25
0
C (nhit ca hn hp u vo)
Ta c:

4 3
) 1 (
CCl f CHCl f f
C a C a C +
(J/kg )
a
f
: nng phn khi lng (% khi lng)
32
a
f
=0,325 (% khi lng)
4 3
,
CCl CHCl
C C
: nhit dung ring ca CHCl
3
,CCl
4
ti 25
0
C (J/kg )
(Tra bng I-153-trang 171-T1)

1030 1023 ) 20 25 (
20 40
1023 1051
3
+
CHCl
C
(J/kg )

25 , 870 863 ) 20 25 (
20 40
863 892
4
+
CCl
C
(J/kg )
C
f
=0,325.1030+(1-0,325).870,25=922,1688 (J/kg )
Q
f
=17100.922,1688.25=394,2271.10
6
J/h
b.Tnh Q
F
: nhit ca hn hp u mang ra.
Q
F
=F.C
F
.t
F
J/h [IX-152]
C
F
: nhit dung ring ca hn hp khi i ra khi thp (J/kg )
t
F
: nhit ca hn hp ra khi thit b un nng (
0
C)
F=17100 kg/h
Vi t
F
=68,9249
0
C
Ni suy t bng I.153 ta c:
9411 , 1093 1081 ) 60 9249 , 68 (
60 80
1081 1110
3
+
CHCl
C
(J/kg )
70988 , 932 922 ) 60 9249 , 68 (
60 80
922 946
4
+
CCl
C
(J/kg )
4
F
3
F
) 1 ( .
CCl CHCl F
C a C a C +
=0,325.1093,9411+(1-0,325).932,70988
= 985,115 J/kg
6
10 . 0662 , 1161 9249 , 68 . 115 , 985 . 17100
F
Q (J/h)
c.Tnh Q
xq1
,Q
ng1
,Q
D1
:
Tnh Q
D1
:

) ( .
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C r D D Q
D
+
(J/h)
D
1
: lng hi t (kg/h)
r
1
: n nhit ho hi J/kg ca hi t.
1
: l nhit nc ngng(
0
C)
C
1
: l nhit dung ring ca nc ngng (J/kg )
33
1 1 1 1 1 1
. . . . C D C G Q
ng ng

(J/h) [IX-153]
Q
xq1
=0,05.Q
tt
=0,05.D
1
.r
1
(J/h) [IX-154]
Q
tt
: l nhit lng tiu tn
Ta c:
1
1
95 , 0 r
Q Q
D
f F
(kg/h) [IX-155]
D
1
: lng hi t cn thit un nng dung dch u tin n nhit si.
Dng hi nc bo ho P=2at Tra bng I-251.
C t
s
0 0
6 , 119
r
1
=r
hh
=2203,345.10
3
J/kg

3516 , 366
10 . 345 , 2203 . 95 , 0
10 . 2271 , 394 10 . 0662 , 1161
3
6 6
1

D
(kg/h)
2.Cn b ng nhit lng ca thp chng luyn .
Tng lng nhit mang vo thp bng tng lng nhit mang ra.
2 2 W 1 ng xq y R D F
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q + + + + +
[IX-156]
Trong :Q
F
: nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo (J/h)
6
10 . 0662 , 1161
F
Q (J/h)
Q
D2
: nhit lng do hi t mang vo thp.
) ( .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C r D D Q
D
+ (J/h) [IX-157]
D
2
: lng hn hp cn thit un si dung dch trong y thp (kg/h)
r
2
: n nhit ho hi ca hi nc, r
2
=2203,345.10
3
(kg/h)
2
: nhit ca nc ngng, C
0
2
6 , 119
C
2
: nhit dung ring ca nc ngng.
Ni suy trong I-148, p=2at.
C
2
=4,225.10
3
(J/kg )
h J D
D
C r D Q
D
/ 10 . 655 , 2708 .
) 6 , 119 . 10 . 225 , 4 10 . 345 , 2203 (
) (
3
2
3 3
2
2 2 2 2 2
+
+
Q
R
: nhit lng do lng hi lu mang vo (J/h).
34
R R R R
t C G Q . .
(J/h) [IX-158]
Vi G
R
: lng lng hi lu:
G
R
=G
x
=G
P
.R
x
(kg/h)
G
P
: lng sn phm nh, G
p
=1,509.7,123.3600=38694,9852 (kg/h)
R
x
: ch s hi lu
t
R
: nhit ca lng hi lu.
t
R
=t
p
=60,8789
0
C
C
R
: nhit dung ring ca cht lng hi lu:

4 3
). 1 ( .
CCl p CHCl p R
C a C a C +
a
p
=0,98 phn khi lng
Ni suy theo bng I-153 ta c
2744 , 1082
3

CHCl
C
(J/kg )
05468 , 923
4

CCl
C
(J/kg )
C
R
=0,98.1082,2744+(1-0,98).923,05468
=1079,09 (J/kg )
Q
R
=38694,9852.1079,09.60,8789
=2542,021.10
6
(J/h)
Q
y
: nhit lng do hi t mang ra nh thp.
d x p y
R G Q ) 1 ( +
J/h [IX-159]
Vi: R
x
: ch s hi lu, R
x
=7,123
G
p
: lng sn phm nh, G
p
=1,509kg/s=1,509.3600=5432,4 (kg/h)
d
: nhit lng ring ca hi nh thp.

2 1
2 2 1 1
). 1 ( .
. .

p p
d
a a
a a
+
+
(J/kg)
a
p
=0,98 phn khi lng
: ,
2 1
l nhit lng ca cu t clorofom v cacbontetraclorua nh thp (J/kg)
35

2 2 2
1 1 1
.
.
C t r
C t r
p
p
+
+
C
1
,C
2
: l nhit dung ring ca CHCL
3
,CCL
4
t
p
=60,8789
0
C
C
1
=1082,2744 J/kg
C
2
=923,05468 J/kg
r
1
,r
2
:l nhit ho hi ca CHCl
3
,CCl
4
t
p
=60,8789
0
C
Ni suy theo bng I-212 (I-T254) ta c:
1kcal/kg=4,1868.10
3
J/kg
r
1
=59,0143 kcal/kg =247,081.10
3
(J/kg)
r
2
=48,1143 kcal/kg =201,445.10
3
(J/kg)

kg J
C t r
p
/ 10 . 9687 , 312
2744 , 1082 . 8789 , 60 10 . 081 , 247
.
3
3
1 1 1
+
+

kg J
C t r
p
/ 10 . 64 , 257
05468 , 923 . 8789 , 60 10 . 445 , 201
.
3
3
2 2 2
+
+
Vy:
kg J
a a
p p d
/ 10 . 862 , 311
10 . 64 , 257 ). 98 , 0 1 ( 98 , 0 . 10 . 9687 , 312
). 1 ( .
3
3 3
2 1
+
+
Do :

kg J
R G Q
d x p y
/ 10 . 66 , 13761
10 . 862 , 311 ). 123 , 7 1 .( 4 , 5432
) 1 (
6
3
+
+
W
Q
:nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra:

W W W W
t C G Q . .
[IX-160]
Trong :
Gw: lung sn phm y =3,241 (kg/s)=11667,6 (kg/h)
tw: nhit ca sn phm y, tw=76,2645
0
C
36
Cw: nhit lng ring ca sn phm y

B W A W W
C a C a C ). 1 ( . +
W
a
=0,02 phn khi lng
76,2645
0
C: C
A
=1104,5835 (J/kg )
C
B
=941,5174 (J/kg )
4987 , 945 5174 , 941 ). 02 , 0 1 ( 5835 , 1104 . 02 , 0 +
W
C
(J/kg )
Vy:

h J
t C G Q
W W W W
/ 10 . 327 , 841
2645 , 76 . 4987 , 945 . 6 , 11667
. .
6
Q
ng2
: nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra.
2 2 2 2
. . C G Q
ng ng

(J/h ) [IX-164]
G
ng2
: lng nc ngng t (kg/h)
G
ng2
=D
2
(lng hi t cn thit un si hn hp y)
2
: nhit ca nc ngng,=119,6
0
C
C
2
: nhit dung ring ca nc ngng, C
2
=4,225.10
3
(J/kg )
h J D D Q
ng
/ 10 . 31 , 505 . 6 , 119 . 10 . 225 , 4 .
3
2
3
2 2

Q
xq2
: nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh.
h J D D r D Q
xq
/ 10 . 1673 , 110 . 10 . 345 , 2203 . . 05 , 0 . . 05 , 0
3
2
3
2 2 2 2

Vy ta c: Lng hi t cn thit un si hn hp y thp l.

3
6 6
2
3
2
3 6 6
2
2 2
2
10 . 64 , 257
10 . 021 , 2542 10 . 0662 , 1161
. 10 . 1673 , 110 . 10 . 31 , 505 10 . 327 , 841 10 . 66 , 13761

+ + +
+ + +
D D
Q Q Q Q Q Q
D
R F xq ng W y
h kg D / 49 , 30460
2

3.Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t.
37
Xt thit b ngng t ch ngng t lng hi lu.

) ( . . .
1 2
t t C G r R G
n nl x p

G
nl
: lng nc lnh cn thit

) (
. .
1 2
t t C
r R G
G
n
x p
nl
(kg/h) [IX-164]
Trong :
r: n nhit ngng t (J/kg)
B p A p
r a r a r ) 1 ( . +
Vi a
p
=0,98 phn khi lng
r
A
,r
B
: n nhit ho hi ca CHCl
3
,CCl
4
t
p
=60,8789
0
C
r
A
=247,081.10
3
J/kg
r
B
=210,445.10
3
J/kg
kg J r a r a r
B p A p
/ 10 . 16828 , 246 10 . 445 , 201 ). 98 , 0 1 ( 10 . 081 , 247 . 98 , 0 ) 1 ( .
3 3 3
+ +
t
1
: nhit ca nc vo, t
1
=25
0
C
t
2
: nhit ra ca nc, chn t
2
=40
0
C
C
t t
t
tb
0 2 1
5 , 32
2
40 25
2

+
R
x
: ch s hi lu, R
x
=7,123
C
n
: nhit dung ring ca nc t
tb
=32,5
0
C
ni suy theo bng I-153, C
n
=4176,875 J/kg
h kg
t t C
r R G
G
n
x p
nl
/ 10 . 035 , 152
) 25 40 .( 875 , 4176
10 . 16828 , 246 . 123 , 7 . 4 , 5432
) (
. .
3
3
1 2

4.Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm lnh.
Ch xt thit b lm lnh mt lng hi lu.

[ ] ) ( . ) (
1 2 3 2 1
t t C G t t C r P
n n p
+
Vi:G
n3
: lng nc lm lnh, kg/h
P=G
p
=5432,4 (kg/h)
38
1
t
: nhit ca sn phm ngng t.

1
t
=t
p
=60,8789
0
C
2
t
: nhit ca sn phm ngng t, chn
2
t
=25
0
C
t
1
=25
0
C
t
2
=40
0
C
C
n
: nhit dung ring ca nc, C
n
=4176,875 (J/kg )
C
p
: nhit dung ring ca sn phm nh ngng t.
C
p
=C
R
=1079,09 (J/kg )
r: n nhit ngng t ca hn hp sn phm nh.
r=246,16828.10
3
J/kg
Vy: lng nc cn thit l
[ ]
[ ]
h kg
t t C
t t C r P
G
n
p
n
/ 10 . 7 , 24
) 25 40 ( 875 , 4176
) 25 8789 , 60 ( 09 , 1079 10 . 16828 , 246 4 , 5432
) (
) (
3
3
1 2
2 1
3
PHN 4
TNH THIT B PH
I. Tnh thit b gia nhit hn hp u.
un nng hn hp u gm 32,5% CHCl
3
v 67,5% CCl
4
, vi nng sut
17100 kg/h.
39
Dung dch c nhit u: t
d
=25
0
C, cn em un nng n nhit
t
F
=68,9249
0
C
Chn thit b gia nhit ng chum loi thi, ng.
Chn vt liu lm bng thp khng g 30X c h s dn nhit:
46 W/m (Trang 313- HCII)
Dng hi nc bo ho un nng hn hp u:
P=2at, t
0
=119,6
0
C (Trang 314-HCII)
1. Xc nh lng nhit un si dung dch u.
Hiu s nhit trung bnh c xc nh theo cng thc:

2
1
2 1
ln
t
t
t t
t
tb

() [V-8-T5-II]
C t
0
1
6 , 94 25 6 , 119
C t
0
2
6751 , 50 9249 , 68 6 , 119
Do:
2 8668 , 1
6751 , 50
6 , 94
2
1
<
t
t

C
t t
t
tb
0 2 1
6376 , 72
2
6751 , 50 6 , 94
2

+
+

Nhit trung bnh ca dung dich c xc nh theo cng thc:
C t t t
tb bh tb
0
962 , 46 6376 , 72 6 , 119
Lng nhit un nng hn hp u ti nhit t
F
=68,9249
0
C c xc
nh theo cnh thc:
Q=G.C(t
1
-t
2
) W
G: lng dung dch cn un nng kg/s
G=4,75kg/s
C: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch (J/kg )
t
1
,t
2
: nhit u v cui ca dung dch (
0
C)
t
1
=25
0
C
40
t
2
=68,9249
0
C
Ta c: C=a
1
.C
1
+a
2
.C
2
(I-42 trang 152-HCI)
a
1
,a
2
: nng phn khi lng ca tng cu t trong dung dch(%)
a
1
=0,325, a
2
=1-0,325=0,675
C
1
,C
2
: nhit dung ring ca tng cu t trong dung dch ( J/kg )
Tra s tay ho cng tp I ti nhit t
tb
=46,962
0
C v ni suy ta c:
C
1
=C
CHCl3
=1061,443 ( J/kg )
C
2
=C
CCl4
=902,443 ( J/kg )
C=0,325.1061,443+0,675.902,443=954,118 ( J/kg )
Vy: Q=4,75.954,118(68,9249-25)=199070,3043 W
2. Xc nh h s cp nhit
2 1
,
v nhit ti ring q
1
,q
2
.
2.1 Khi lng ring ca dung dch ti nhit trung bnh c xc nh theo
cng thc:

2
2
1
1
1

a a
dd
+
[I-5]
Ti t
tb
=46,962
0
C ta c:
4241 , 1436
3
1

CHCl

(kg/m
3
)
4241 , 1542
4
2

CCl

(kg/m
3
)
2983 , 1506
4241 , 1542
325 , 0 1
4241 , 1436
325 , 0
1
+

dd
(kg/m
3
)
2.2 nht ca dung dch ti t
tb
=46,962
0
C.

2 2 1 1
lg lg lg x x
hh
+
[I-12]
x
1
=0,3829
x
2
=1-0,3829=0,6171
Bng I-161, trang 92, tp I: ti t
tb
=46,962
0
C
3
3
1
10 . 438 , 0

CHCl
Ns/m
2
41
3
4
2
10 . 677 , 0

CCl
Ns/m
2
3 3
10 . 677 , 0 lg 6171 , 0 10 . 438 , 0 lg 3829 , 0 lg

+
hh

4
10 . 73 , 5

dd
Ns/m
2
2.3 H s dn nhit ca dung dch

3
. . .
M
C A
p

W/m [I-32]
C
p
: nhit dung ring ca dung dch ( J/kg )
: khi lng ring ca dung dch kg/m

3
M: khi lng phn t ca dung dch.
A: h s ph thuc mc lin kt ca cht lng.
i vi cht lng khng lin kt CHCl
3
, CCl
4
: A=4,22.10
-8
C
dd
=954,118 ( J/kg )
2983 , 1506
dd
kg/m
3
M=x
F
.M
CHCl3
+(1-x
F
)M
CCl4
= 0,3829.119,5+(1-0,3829).154=140,79
V y:
13364 , 0
79 , 140
2983 , 1506
. 2983 , 1506 . 118 , 954 . 10 . 22 , 4 3
8

(W/m )
2.4 Chun s pran ca dung dch.

09 , 4
13364 , 0
10 . 73 , 5 . 118 , 954
.
Pr
4

C
[II- 12]
2.5 Chun s Re ca dung dch.

. .
Re
d
[V-36-T13-HCII]
: Vn tc dng chy trong ng (m/s)

d: ng knh trong ca ng (m)
: khi lng ring ca dung dch t

tb
(kg/m
3
)
42
: nht ca dung dch t

tb
(Ns/m
2
)
Chn ng chm c:
chiu cao H=2m; ng knh trong d=35mm; =2,5mm
Gi thit cht lng chy trong ng ch chy xoy th
>0,5m/s
Chn Re =10
4
2.6 Chun s Nuxen ca dung dch.

25 , 0
43 , 0 8 , 0
Pr
Pr
. Pr . Re . . 021 , 0

,
_
t
Nu
Coi: 1
Pr
Pr
25 , 0
,
_
t
Pr: chun s pran
: h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo quan h gia chiu di v ng knh ca ng:

143 , 57
035 , 0
2

d
H
Theo bng V-2, trang 15 HCII 1
99 , 60 ) 09 , 4 .( ) 10 .( 1 . 021 , 0
43 , 0 8 , 0 4
Nu
2.7 Xc nh h s cp nhit
2 1
,
.
H s cp nhit v pha hi ngng t i vi ng chm:

4
1
.
. . 04 , 2
t H
r
A
W/m
2
[V-101-T28-II]
1
: h s cp nhit W/m
2

A: h s ph thuc v hp th mng.
Gi tr chnh lch t
0
gia hi bo ho v hi ngng t.
C t
0
1
3 , 1
Nhit thnh ng pha hi ngng t c xc nh theo cng thc:

1 1 1
t t t
T

t
T1
: nhit thnh ng pha hi ngng t
43
t
1
: nhit ca hi bo ho.
C t
T
0
1
3 , 118 3 , 1 6 , 119
C
t t
t
m
0 2 1
95 , 118
2
3 , 118 6 , 119
2

+
+

Tra A nhit 118,95
0
C, tra trang 28 HCII
A=187,5275
Tra bng I_212,T254,HCII nhit 119,6
0
C
r=526,26 kcal/kg=2203345.10
3
J/kg
Vy:
0651 , 11607
3 , 1 . 2
10 . 345 , 2203
. 5275 , 187 . 04 , 2
4
3
1
W/m
2

Nhit ti ring v pha hi ngng t:
18464 , 15089 3 , 1 . 0651 , 11607 .
1 1 1
t q
w/m
2
Hiu s nhit gia hai b mt thnh ng c xc nh theo cng thc:

r q t t t
T T T
.
1 2 1
t
T2
: nhit thnh ng pha dung dch (
0
C)

3 2 1
r r r r + +
r
1
: nhit v pha hi ngng t
r
1
=r
2
=0,116.10
-3
m
2
/W
r
3
: nhit tr gia hai thnh ng.
5
3
10 . 43478 , 5
46
0025 , 0

r
m
2
/W
: chiu dy ng, chn =25mm
: h s dn nhit =46 W/m
2

4 5 3 3
10 . 8635 , 2 10 . 43478 , 5 10 . 116 , 0 10 . 116 , 0

+ + r m
2
/W
C r q t
T
0 4
1
32 , 4 10 . 8635 , 2 . 18464 , 15089 .

Hiu s nhit gia thnh ng v dung dch.
44
C t t t
T T T
0
1 2
9792 , 113 32 , 4 3 , 118
C t t t
tb T
0
2 2
0172 , 67 962 , 46 9792 , 113
H s cp nhit pha dung dch.
877 , 232
035 , 0
13364 , 0 . 99 , 60 .
2

d
Nu
W/m
2

Nhit tr t thnh ng dn dung dch:
76727 , 15606 0172 , 67 . 877 , 232 .
2 2 2
t q
w/m
2
X t
% 5 034 , 0
18464 , 15089
76727 , 15606 18464 , 15089
1
2 1
<
q
q q
C t
0
1
3 , 1 l hp l
Do q
tb
c xc nh:

tb tb
t K q .
[II-3]
K: h s truyn nhit (W/m
2
)
288 , 214
10 . 8635 , 2
877 , 232
1
0651 , 11607
1
1
1 1
1
4
2 1
+ +
+ +
r
K

(W/m
2
)
366 , 15565 6376 , 72 . 288 , 214 .
tb tb
t K q
(w/m
2
)
3. Xc nh b mt truyn nhit F, s ng hi n, s ngn m v ng knh D ca
thit b truyn nhit F:
a. Xc nh b mt truyn nhit F :
Ta c:
2
7893 , 12
366 , 15565
3043 , 199070
m
q
Q
F
tb

b. S ng ca thit b gia nhit :

H d
F
n
tb
. .
d
tb
: ng knh trung bnh ca ng

0375 , 0
2
0025 , 0 . 2 035 , 0 035 , 0
2
) 2 (
+ +
+ +
d d
d
tb
m
45
2795 , 54
2 . 0375 , 0 .
7893 , 12
. .

H d
F
n
tb
ng
Quy chun n=61 ng
Tra bng V-II,T48,HCII:
S ng trn ng xuyn tm ca hnh 6 cnh, b=9
S hnh 6 cnh:4
Chiu cao: H=2m
c. ng knh trong ca thit b trao i nhit.

n
d b t D . 4 ) 1 ( +
(m)
d
n
: ng knh ngoi, d
n
=0,035+2.0,0025=0,04m
t: bc ng, chn t=1,5.d
n
=1,5.0,04=0,06m
m d b t D
n
64 , 0 04 , 0 . 4 ) 1 9 ( 06 , 0 . 4 ) 1 ( + +
d. S ngn cu thit b gia nhit.
Tc chy thc t ca hn hp trong thit b gia nhit c xc nh:

2
. . .
. 4
d n
G
t

m/s
G: lng hn hp u, G=F=4,75 kg/s
: khi lng ring trung bnh ca hn hp u

=1470,61 kg/m
3
d: ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit, d=0,035m
s m
d n
G
t
/ 055 , 0
035 , 0 . . 61 . 61 , 1470
75 , 4 . 4
. . .
. 4
2 2

Tc chy gi thit ng vi ch chy xoy Re=10000 l:

.
. Re
d
m/s
: nht ca hn hp u ti nhit trung bnh,
=4,775.10
-4
Ns/m
2
d: ng knh trong ca ng trao i nhit,m
46

=1470,61 kg/m
3
s m
d
/ 09277 , 0
61 , 1470 . 035 , 0
10 . 775 , 4 . 10
.
. Re
4 4

So snh thy
t
>
do vy phi chia ngn trong thit b gia nhit hn hp u.
S ngn c xc nh theo cng thc:

69 , 1
055 , 0
09277 , 0

t
m
Quy chun m=2.

II. Tnh chn bm.
1.Trong qu trnh sn xut tnh ton a hn hp u ln thng cao v
m bo yu cu cng ngh th ta phi tnh cc tr lc ca ng ng dn liu
ca thit b gia nhit hn hp u t tnh chiu cao ca thng cao v so vi v
tr a tip liu vo thp.
T tnh cng sut v p sut ton phn ca bm.
p sut ton phn cn thit khc phc sc cn thu lc trong h thng
khi dng chy ng nhit:

K t H c m d
P P P P P p P + + + + +
[I-376]
d
P
: p sut ng lc hc (tc l p sut cn thit to tc cho dng
chy ra khi ng dn)

2
.
2

d
P N/m
2
[I-377]
: khi lng ring ca cht lng hay kh (kg/m

3
)
: Vn tc lu th m/s
m
P
: p sut khc phc tr lc ma st khi dng chy n nh trong ng
thng:

2
. . .
2

td
m
d
L
P
N/m
2
[I-377]
: khi lng ring ca cht lng hay kh (kg/m

3
)
47
: vn tc lu th m/s
m
P
: p sut khc phc tr lc ma st khi dng chy n nh trong ng
thng.

2
. . .
2

td
m
d
L
P N/m
2
[I-377]
L: chiu di ng dn

: H s ma st
d
td
: ng knh tng ng ca ng, m
c
P
: p sut cn thit khc phc tr lc cc b.

2
. .
2

c
P N/m
2
[I-377]
: H s tr lc cc b.
K
P
: p sut b xung cui ng dn trong nhng trng hp cn thit.
y
K
P
=0
t
P
:p sut khc phc tr lc trong thit b (N/m
2
)
H
P
: p sut cn thit nng cht lng ln cao hoc khc phc p sut thu tnh,
N/m
2

H g P
H
. .
N/m
2
H: chiu cao nng cht lng hay ct cht lng,m
: khi lng ring ca cht lng, kg/m

3
1.1 Tr lc on ng n t thng cao v n thit b truyn nhit.
a. p sut ng hc.
t=25
0
C

2
.
2

d
P
25
0
C :
3
1
/ 25 , 1479 m kg

3
2
/ 5 , 1584 m kg
48
3
/ 688 , 1548 m kg
d
t
=0,15m
Ta c:
s m
d
F
t
/ 1737 , 0
688 , 1548 . 15 , 0 . 785 , 0
75 , 4
. . 785 , 0
2 2

2
2 2
/ 35 , 23
2
1737 , 0
. 688 , 1548
2
. m N P
d

b.p sut khc phc tr lc do ma st.

2
. . .
2

td
m
d
L
P N/m
2
Ch n L=15m
d
td
=0,15m
Chun s Re:
. .
Re
d
: nht ca dung dch 25

0
C
2 3
3
/ 10 . 54 , 0 m Ns
CHCl

[I-91]
2 3
3
/ 10 . 905 , 0 m Ns
CHCl

[I-91]
3
3 3
2 2 1 1
10 . 7426 , 0
10 . 905 , 0 lg ). 3829 , 0 1 ( 10 . 54 , 0 lg . 3829 , 0
lg . lg . lg

+
+
x x
3
/ 688 , 1548 m kg
4
3
10 . 433 , 5
10 . 7426 , 0
1737 , 0 . 15 , 0 . 688 , 1548 . .
Re
d
>10
4
Vy lu th ch chy xoy.
H s tr lc ma st:
1
1
]
1
,
_

7 , 3 Re
81 , 6
lg . 2
1
9 , 0
[I-380]
: nhm tng i,
td
d

49
: nhm tuyt i,
=0,1.10
-3
m [I-381]
m
d
td
3
3
10 . 67 , 0
15 , 0
10 . 1 , 0

Vy:
0228 , 0
7 , 3
10 . 67 , 0
10 . 433 , 5
81 , 6
lg . 2
1
3
9 , 0
4
1
1
]
1
,
_
2
2 2
/ 268 , 53
2
1737 , 0
. 688 , 1548 .
15 , 0
15
. 0228 , 0
2
. . . m N
d
L
P
td
m

c. p sut khc phc tr lc cc b.

2
. .
2

c
P (N/m
2
)
: H s tr lc cc b qua cc ng ng.
Tr lc vo ng, chn
52 , 0
1

Hai khuu c gc 90
0
,
3 , 0
2

1 van tiu chun,
4 , 4
3

[I-382]
=0,52+2.0,3+4,4=5,52
2
2 2
/ 965 , 128
2
1737 , 0
. 688 , 1548 . 52 , 5
2
. . m N P
c

Vy:
2
/ 58 , 205 965 , 128 268 , 53 35 , 23 m N
P P p P
c m d
+ +
+ +
Do chiu cao ct cht lng tng ng l:
m
g
P
H 0135 , 0
81 , 9 . 688 , 1548
58 , 205
.
1

1.2 Tr lc trong ng dn cht lng t thit b un si vo thp a tip

liu.
t
F
=68,9249
0
C
a. p sut ng hc.
2
.
2

d
P
50
68,9249
0
C :
3
/ 6847 , 1462 m kg
d
t
=0,15m
Ta c:
s m
d
F
t
/ 184 , 0
6847 , 1462 . 15 , 0 . 785 , 0
75 , 4
. . 785 , 0
2 2

2
2 2
/ 76 , 24
2
184 , 0
. 6847 , 1462
2
. m N P
d

b.p sut khc phc tr lc do ma st.

2
. . .
2

td
m
d
L
P N/m
2
Ch n L=3m
d
td
=0,15m
Chun s Re:
. .
Re
d
: nht ca dung dch 68,9249

0
C
2 3
3
/ 10 . 3632 , 0 m NS
CHCL

[I-91]
2 3
3
/ 10 . 5373 , 0 m NS
CHCL

[I-91]
2 3
3 3
2 2 1 1
/ 10 . 462 , 0
10 . 5373 , 0 lg ). 3829 , 0 1 ( 10 . 3632 , 0 lg . 3829 , 0
lg . lg . lg
m Ns
x x

+
+

3
/ 6847 , 1462 m kg
4
3
10 . 738 , 8
10 . 462 , 0
184 , 0 . 15 , 0 . 6847 , 1462 . .
Re
d
>10
4
Vy lu th ch chy xoy.
H s tr lc ma st:
1
1
]
1
,
_

7 , 3 Re
81 , 6
lg . 2
1
9 , 0
[I-380]
51
: nhm tng i,
td
d
: nhm tuyt i,
=0,1.10
-3
m [I-381]
m
d
td
3
3
10 . 67 , 0
15 , 0
10 . 1 , 0

Vy:
018 , 0
7 , 3
10 . 67 , 0
10 . 433 , 5
81 , 6
lg . 2
1
3
9 , 0
4
1
1
]
1
,
_
2
2 2
/ 91 , 8
2
184 , 0
. 6847 , 1462 .
15 , 0
3
. 018 , 0
2
. . . m N
d
L
P
td
m

3. p sut khc phc tr lc cc b.

2
. .
2

c
P N/m
2
: H s tr lc cc b qua cc ng ng.
Tr lc vo ng, chn
52 , 0
1

Hai khuu c gc 90
0
,
3 , 0
2

1 van tiu chun,
4 , 4
3

[I-382]
=0,52+0,3+4,4=5,22
2
2 2
/ 25 , 129
2
184 , 0
. 6847 , 1462 . 22 , 5
2
. . m N P
c

Vy:
2
/ 92 , 162 25 , 129 91 , 8 76 , 24 m N
P P p P
c m d
+ +
+ +
Do chiu cao ct cht lng tng ng l:
m
g
P
H 0114 , 0
81 , 9 . 6847 , 1462
92 , 162
.
2

1.3 Xc nh tr lc thit b gia nhit hn hp u.

Thit b c m=2 ngn, n= 61 ng, un nng
Khi lng ring ca lu th t
tb
=119,6-
tb
t/
=119,6-72,6376=46,9624
0
C
52
tnh phn trc,
3
/ 2983 , 1506 m kg
Tc dung dch trong ng:
s m
m
n
d
V
tb
/ 1075 , 0
2983 , 1506 .
2
61
. 035 , 0 . 785 , 0
75 , 4
. . . 785 , 0
2 2

d=d
td
=0,035m, ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit.
2
2 2
/ 706 , 8
2
1075 , 0
. 2983 , 1506
2
. m N P
d

b. p sut khc phc tr lc.

Chun s Re:
4
4
10 . 989 , 0
10 . 73 , 5
1075 , 0 . 035 , 0 . 2983 , 1506 . .
Re
d
>10
4
Lu th ch chy xoy:
p dng sng thc:
032 , 0
) 64 , 1 10 . 989 , 0 lg . 8 , 1 (
1
) 64 , 1 Re lg . 8 , 1 (
1
2 4 2

i vi 1 ngn:
2
2 2
/ 92 , 15
2
1075 , 0
. 2983 , 1506 .
15 , 0
2
. 032 , 0
2
. . . m N
d
L
P
td
m

i vi 2 ngn:
84 , 31 92 , 15 . 2
m
P
(N/m
2
)
c. p sut khc phc tr lc cc b.

2
. .
2

c
P N/m
2
Khi dng chy qua thit b gia nhit, phi qua cc ngn v nhiu ch ngot, t m,
t thu:
Ta c tit din vo ca thit b:
f
1
=0,785.d
2
=0,785.0,15
2
=0,0177m
2
Tit din khong trng 2 u thit b i vi mi ngn l:
f
2
=0,785.D
2
.
m
1
53
D: ng knh gia nhit hn hp u tnh phn trc, D=0,64m

2 2
2
1608 , 0
2
1
. 64 , 0 .
4
m f

Tit din ng truyn nhit ca mt ngn l:

2 2 2
3
029 , 0
2
61
. 035 , 0 .
4
. .
4
m
m
n
d f

Khi dng chy vo thit b gia nhit, tc l t m:

11 , 0
1608 , 0
0172 , 0
2
1

f
f
89 , 0 11 , 0 1 1
2
1
1

f
f
Khi dng chy i t cc khong trng vo cc ngn, tc l t thu 2 ln:

18 , 0
1608 , 0
029 , 0
2
3

f
f
Tra bng ta c
447 , 0
2

Khi dng chy t cc ngn ra khi ng, tc l t m 2 ln:

67 , 0 ) 1 (
2
2
3
3

f
f
Khi dng chy ra khi thit b gia nhit tc l t thu:

11 , 0
1608 , 0
0172 , 0
2
1

f
f
,
47 , 0
4

[I-388]
T ngn n sang ngn kia lu th i chiu l 180
0
nn ta c:

6 , 3
4

Vy:
077 , 6 6 , 3 47 , 0 67 , 0 447 , 0 89 , 0 + + + +
2
2 2
/ 89 , 52
2
1075 , 0
. 2983 , 1506 . 077 , 6
2
. . m N P
c

d. Tr lc thu tnh.
2
/ 57 , 29553 2 . 81 , 9 . 2983 , 1506 . . m N H g P
H

2
/ 29647 57 , 29553 89 , 52 84 , 31 706 , 8 m N
P P P p P
H c m d
+ + +
+ + +
Vy chiu cao ct cht lng tng ng to ra tr lc trn l:
54
m
g
P
H 2
81 , 9 . 2983 , 1560
29647
.
3

H=H
1
+H
2
+H
3
=0,0135+0,0114+2=2,0249m
1.4 Tnh chiu cao ca thng cao v so vi a tip liu.
Theo nh lut becnuli: Th nng ca cht lng trn thng cao v bng nng
lng ton phn ca cht lng ti ca tip liu.
Chn mt ct I-I l mt thong ca thng cao v
Chn mt ct II-II l v tr ca a tip liu ca thp chng.
Ta c: H
g g
H g P
z
g g
P
z
L a
t
a
+ +
+
+ + +
. 2 .
. .
. 2 .
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
z: Chiu cao ca cht lng so vi a tip liu

z
t
: Th nng ca a tip liu (z
t
=0)
1
: vn tc cht lng i trong thng cao v,

1
=0
2
: vn tc cht lng i trong ng dn vo a tip liu

P
a
: p sut kh quyn, P
a
=98100
Vy:
m z
z
17 , 16
0249 , 2
81 , 9 . 2
184 , 0
81 , 9 . 6847 , 1462
13 . 81 , 9 . 688 , 1548 98100
81 , 9 . 688 , 1548
98100
2

+ +
+
+
Vy chiu cao ca thng cao v:
H=z+1+H
L
=16,17+1+13=30,17m
2. Xc nh tr lc ng t thng cha dung dch u ti thng cao v.
p sut tiu tn thng ton b tr lc trn ng ng ht v ng y:

m
g
P
H
m
.
K t c m d
P P P P p P + + + +
2
2 2
/ 376 , 3097
2
2
. 688 , 1548
2
. m N P
d


55
3
/ 688 , 1548 m kg
Chn s m/ 2 ( vn tc lu th)
L=30,17m
d
td
=0,025m
Chun s Re:
4
3
10 . 43 , 10
10 . 7426 , 0
2 . 025 , 0 . 688 , 1548 . .
Re
d
>10
4
Lu th ch chy xoy:
p dng sng thc:
018 , 0
) 64 , 1 10 . 43 , 10 lg . 8 , 1 (
1
) 64 , 1 Re lg . 8 , 1 (
1
2 4 2

2
2 2
/ 879 , 68390
2
2
. 688 , 1548 .
025 , 0
17 , 30
. 018 , 0
2
. . . m N
d
L
P
td
m

2
2 2
/ 39414
2
2
. 688 , 1548 . 725 , 12
2
. . m N P
c

(
725 , 12
)
K t c m d
P P P P p P + + + +
=3097,376+68390,879+39414=110902,255N/m
2
Vy ta tnh c H
m
=7,3m
3.p sut ton phn do bm to ra.
H=H
0
+H
m
=30,17+7,3=37,47m
Chn bm ly tm
Cng sut ca bm:

. 1000
. . F H g
N
b

[I-439]
F: lng hn hp u, F=4,75 kg/s
: Hiu sut ton phn ca bm

ck tl
. .
0
Tra I-439:
0
: hiu sut th tch,

0
=0,9
tl
: hiu sut thu lc,

tl
=0,85
56
ck
: Hiu sut c kh,

ck
=0,95
72675 , 0 95 , 0 . 085 ., 9 , 0 . .
0

ck tl

4 , 2
72675 , 0 . 1000
75 , 4 . 47 , 37 . 81 , 9
. 1000
. .

F H g
N
b Kw
Chn bm c cng sut 2,4 Kw
Cng sut ca ng c in:

dc tr
b
dc
N
N
.
tr
: Hiu sut truyn ng, chn

tr
=1
dc
: Hiu sut ca ng c, chn

dc
=0,8

3
8 , 0 . 1
4 , 2
.

dc tr
b
dc
N
N

Kw
Trong thc t chn ng c in c cng sut ln hn tnh ton.

dc dc
N N .
: h s d tr cng sut (tra I-440)

=1,4

2 , 4 3 . 4 , 1 .
dc dc
N N
Kw
Vy chn bm c cng sut 4,2 Kw.
57
PHN 5
TNH TON C KH THP
1. Cc thng s v chp.
Theo ti liu thit k, chn cc thng s v chp:
ng vi D
t
=2m ta c:
S chp phn b trn a: n=40
ng knh ng hi ca chp: d
n
=0,1m
Chiu cao chp pha trn ng hi: d
2
=0,25d
h
=0,25.0,1=0,025m
ng knh ngoi ca chp: m d d d
ch h h ch
1443 , 0 ) . 2 (
2 2
+ +
Chiu dy chp:
m
ch
002 , 0
Khong cch t mt a n chn chp, chn S=10mm=0,01m
58
Chiu cao mc cht lng trn khe chp: chn h
1
=30mm=0,03m
Chiu cao khe chp, chn b=0,02m
Chiu rng khe chp, chn a=4mm=0,004m
Khong cch gia cc khe, chn c=0,004m
S lng khe h mi chp:

158 , 15 )
02 , 0 . 4
1 , 0
1443 , 0 (
004 , 0
)
4
(
2
2

b
d
d
c
i
h
ch
Chn i=16 khe
Chiu cao ng dn hi: h
H
=1,2d
h
=1,2.0,1=0,12m
Chiu cao chp: h
ch
=0,145m
Bc ti thiu ca chp trn a:

2 min
. 2 l d t
ch ch
+ +
l
2
=12,5+0,25.d
ch
- khong cch nh nht gia cc chp thng ly l
2
=0,035m
m t 1835 , 0 035 , 0 002 , 0 . 2 1443 , 0
min
+ +
Khong cch t mng chy chuyn dn chp gn nht: l
1
=75mm=0,075m
Khong cch t tm ng chy chuyn n tm chp gn nht:

m
l
d d
t
ch
ch
c
c
253 , 0
075 , 0 002 , 0
2
1443 , 0
004 , 0
2
2 , 0
2 2
1 1
+ + + +
+ + + +
2.Tnh thn thp.
Thit b lm vic p sut kh quyn, nhit lm vic trung bnh=69,1
0
C.
Nn thn thit b lm bng vt liu do, chu nhit, khng chiu n mn. i vi
dung dch CHCl
3
-CCl
4
ta chn loi thp CT3. Thn thp lm vic chu p sut
trong. Khi ch to loi ny cn ch :
m bo ng hn cng ngn cng tt.
B tr mi hn v tr d quan st, mi hn phi kn.
59
Khng khoan l qua mi hn
a.Tnh b dy ca thn thit b hnh tr hn, thng ng lm vic vi p sut bn
trong:
Chn vt liu CT3: tra II-309

6
10 . 380
k
N/m
2

6
10 . 240
ch
N/m
2

Vn tc r 0,06mm/nm
Thn khng c l.
Hn dc, hn tay bng h quang in, hn gip ni 2 mt
H s bn mi hn:
95 , 0
h

[II-362]
Thit b thuc nhm 2 loi II
Gi tr ca h s hiu chnh:
1
[II-356]
Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr lm vic chu p sut trong c xc nh
theo cng thc:

[ ]
C
P
P D
S
t
+
. 2
.
m [II-360]
Trong :
D
t
: ng knh trong (m), D
t
=2m

: H s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc,
=0,95
C: h s b xung n mn, bo mn v dung sai m v chiu dy (m)
C=C
1
+C
2
+C
3
C
1
: b xung n mn, vi thp CT3 vn tc r l 0,06mm/nm, thi gian lm vic
15-20 nm, chn C
1
=1mm=0,001m
C
2
: b xung do bo mn trong trng hp nguyn liu cha cc ht rn chuyn
ng vi vn tc ln trong thit b, chn C
2
=0
C
3
: Dung sai m do chiu dy, ph thuc vo chiu dy tm thp
C
3
=0,8mm=0,8.10
-3
m (Bng XIII-9,II-364)
Vy: C=1+0+0,8=1,8mm=1,8.10
-3
m
60
P: p sut trong thit b (N/m
2
)
p sut trong bng tng s p sut P
mt
v p sut thu tnh ct cht lng:
P=P
mt
+P
l
P
l
: p sut thu tnh ca ct cht lng
P
l
=
1
. . H g
N/m
2
H
1
: chiu cao ct cht lng (m), ly chiu cao ln nht

m h N H
d d t
93 , 39 ) 005 , 0 6 , 0 ( 66 ) (
1
+ +
g=9,81m/s
2
3
1
/ 675 , 1454
2
61 , 1470 74 , 1438
2
m kg
L
xtb
c
xtb

+
P
1
=1454,675.9,81.39,93=5,698.10
5
N/m
2
P=10
5
+5,698.10
5
=6,698.10
5
N/m
2
ng sut cho php ca thp CT3 theo gii hn bn xc nh theo cng thc:

[ ]
.
b
k
k
n
N/m
2

[ ]
.
c
c
k
n
N/m
2
=1: h s iu chnh
n
b
, n
c
: h s an ton theo gii hn bn, gii hn chy
n
b
=2,6 [II-365]
n
c
=1,5
[ ]
6
6
10 . 15 , 146 1 .
6 , 2
10 . 380
.
b
k
k
n
N/m
2
[ ]
6
6
10 . 160 1 .
5 , 1
10 . 240
.
c
c
k
n
N/m
2
m bo bn ta ly gi tr b hn trong 2 kt qu trn tnh ton tip:
[ ]
6
10 . 15 , 146
k
N/m
2
61
V:
[ ]
50 289 , 207 95 , 0 .
10 . 698 , 6
10 . 15 , 146
.
5
6
>
P
nn ta c th b qua i lng p
mu s.
mm S 624 , 6 10 . 624 , 6 10 . 8 , 1
95 , 0 . 10 . 15 , 146 . 2
10 . 698 , 6 . 2
3 3
6
5
+

Chn S=8mm.
a. Ki m tra ng sut ca thnh theo p sut th ( dng nc).
p sut th tnh ton P
0
c xc nh nh sau:
P
0
=P
th
+P
l
P
th
: p sut thu lc
P
th
=P
mt
+0,2.10
6
=3.10
5
N/m
2
2 5 5 5
0
/ 10 . 698 , 8 10 . 698 , 5 10 . 3 m N P +
Kim tra ng sut thn thit b theo p sut tnh theo cng thc (XIII-26,II-365)
[ ] [ ]
6
3 3
5 3 3
0
10 . 13 , 148
95 , 0 ). 10 . 8 , 1 10 . 8 .( 2
10 . 698 , 8 ) 10 . 8 , 1 10 . 8 ( 2
) ( 2
) (
+
+ +

C S
P C S D
S
t
N/m
2
M:
2 6
/ 10 . 200
2 , 1
m N
c

2 6
/ 10 . 200
2 , 1
m N S
c
<

Vy: S=8mm l tho mn
4. Tnh y v np thit b. ( vt liu thp CT3)
y v np thit b ging nhau, dng np elip c g.
a. Chiu dy S c xc nh theo cng thc sau :

[ ]
C
h
D
P K
P D
S
b
t
h k
t
+
. 2
.
. . . 8 , 3
.

(m)
Trong :
h
b
: chiu cao phn li ca y (m), h
d
=0,25D
t
=0,5m

h
: h s bn ca mi hn hng tm,
h
=0,95
62
K: h s khng th nguyn
K=1-
t
D
d

d: ng knh ln nht ca l khng tng cng, d=0,3m
85 , 0
2
3 , 0
1 K
V:
[ ]
50 196 , 176 95 , 0 . 85 , 0 .
10 . 698 , 6
10 . 15 , 146
. .
5
6
>
h
K
P

Nn c th b qua i lng P mu s trong cng thc tnh S.

Vy:

C S +
5 , 0 . 2
2
.
95 , 0 . 85 , 0 . 10 . 15 , 146 . 8 , 3
10 . 698 , 6 . 2
6
5
=5,97.10
-3
+C (m)
S-C=5,97mm<10 do ta tng them 2mm so vi gi tr C tnh trn:
C=1,8+2=3,8mm
Vy : S=(5,97+3,8).10
-3
=9,77.10
-3
m=9,77mm
Chn S=10mm
b. Kim tra ng sut thnh ca y thit b theo p sut th thu lc .

[ ]
[ ]
2 6 6
3 3
5 3 3 2
0
2
/ 10 . 200 10 . 16 , 183
) 10 . 8 , 3 10 . 10 ( 5 , 0 . 95 , 0 . 85 , 0 . 6 , 7
10 . 698 , 8 . ) 10 . 8 , 3 10 . 10 ( 5 , 0 . 2 2
) ( . . . 6 , 7
) ( . 2
m N
C S h K
P C S h D
S
b h
b t
<
Nh vy vi S=10mm m bo bn cho y ca thp thit k.

Tng t nh vy chiu dy ca np l S=10mm
Theo bng XIII-II-382
D
mm
Chiu dy
S mm
Chiu cao
g mm
Chiu
cao phn
B mt
trong F
V.10
-3
m
3
ng
knh phi
63
li h
b
mm
mm mm
2000 8 25 500 4,48 1059 2398
Khi lng ca y 283kg II-384-bng XIII-11
5. Tnh ng knh ng dn.
ng knh ng dn c xc nh t phng trnh lu lng:

.
4
.
2
d
V
s
m
3
/s
. 785 , 0
s
V
d
m [I-369]
V
s
: lu lng kh, hi hoc dung dch chy trong ng (m
3
/s)
: vn tc thch hp ca kh, hi hoc dung dch i trong ng (m/s)

a. ng dn sn phm nh.
Lu lng hi i ra khi a trn cng ca on luyn:
g
d
=12,2576 (kg/s)
273 .
. 4 , 22
. .
2 2 1 1
T
M y M y
tb tb
ytb
+

(kg/m
3
)
T=t
p
+273=60,8789+273=333,8789K
y
tb1
: nng phn mol ca CHCL
3
nh, y
tb1
=x
p
=0,9844
3817 , 4 273 .
8789 , 333 . 4 , 22
154 ). 9844 , 0 1 ( 5 , 119 . 9844 , 0
+

ytb
(kg/m
3
)
79745 , 2
3817 , 4
2576 , 12

ytb
d
s
g
V
(m
3
/s)
Chn:
=25m/s
m d 378 , 0
25 . 785 , 0
79745 , 2

Quy chun d=0,4m, vi chiu di l=150mm (bng XIII-32,II-434)
ng dn sn phm y.
64
C t
W
0
2645 , 76
Ti nhit ny ta c:
3
3
/ 79 , 1385 m kg
CHCL

3
4
/ 59 , 1479 m kg
CCL

p dng:

2
1
1
1
1 1

tb tb
xtb
a a
+
Trong : a
tb1
=aw=0,02
59 , 1479
02 , 0 1
79 , 1385
02 , 0 1 1
2
1
1
1

+
+

tb tb
xtb
a a
3
/ 59 , 1477 m kg
xtb

Lng lng ra khi thp:
5431 , 18
1
G
kg/s
s m
G
V
xtb
s
/ 0125 , 0
59 , 1477
5431 , 18
3 1

Chn
=0,25m/s
m d 25 , 0
25 , 0 . 785 , 0
0125 , 0

l=130mm
c. ng dn hn hp u t thit b un nng vo a tip liu.
t
F
=68,9249
0
C
3
3
/ 1664 , 1397 m kg
CHCL

3
4
/ 4727 , 1496 m kg
CCL

Ta c:
3
2
F
1
F
/ 6847 , 1462
4727 , 1496
325 , 0 1
1664 , 1397
325 , 0
1
1
m kg
a a
xtb
xtb
+

+

65
F=4,75 kg/s
0032 , 0
6847 , 1462
75 , 4

xtb
s
F
V
(m
3
/s)
Chn
=0,25m/s
m d 129 , 0
25 , 0 . 785 , 0
0032 , 0

Quy chun d=0,15m, l=130mm
d.ng knh ng hi lu sn phm nh.
t
P
=60,8789
0
C
3
3
/ 6377 , 1409 m kg
CHCl

3
4
/ 9785 , 1514 m kg
CCl

3
2 1
/ 6 , 1411
9785 , 1514
98 , 0 1
6377 , 1409
98 , 0
1
1 1
m kg
a a
xtb
P P
xtb

Lng lng hi lu:
G
x
=G
P
.R
th
=1,509.7,123=10,7486 kg/s
3
10 . 614 , 7
6 , 1411
7486 , 10

xtb
x
s
G
V
m
3
/s
Chn
=0,25m/s
m d 197 , 0
25 , 0 . 785 , 0
10 . 614 , 7
3

Quy chun d=0,2m,l=130mm

e. ng knh ng hi lu y.
Lng hi i vo a u tin ca on chng.

s kg g / 3021 , 15
1

C t
W
0
2645 , 76
66
) 273 ( 4 , 22
273 .
t
M
ytb
+

M: khi lng phn t ca hi i vo a u tin ca on chng.
796 , 152
154 ). 0349 , 0 1 ( 5 , 119 . 0349 , 0
). 1 ( .
2
*
1
*
+
+ M y M y M
W W
33 , 5
) 2645 , 76 273 ( 4 , 22
273 . 796 , 152
+

ytb
kg/m
3
s m V
s
/ 87 , 2
33 , 5
3021 , 15
3

Chn
=25m/s
m d 382 , 0
25 . 785 , 0
87 , 2

Quy chun d=0,4m, l=150mm
5. Chn mt bch.
Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni
cc b phn khc vi thit b. Ta chn bch lin bng thp ni thit b (dng
cho thn hnh tr trn) theo kiu 1.
D
Db
D0
D1
db
Dt
h
Tra bng XIII-27,II-423
67
Cc thng s v bch:
D
t
=2000mm d
b
=M20
D=2141mm z=44 ci
D
b
=2090mm h=32mm
D
1
=2060mm P
y
=0,1.10
6
N/m
2
D
0
=2015mm
6.Chn chn v tai treo ca thit b.
Thng thng ngi ta dng tai treo hoc chn hoc c hai gi thng
bng cho thit b trong qu trnh lm vic. tnh c tai treo hoc chn
ngi ta phi tnh ti trng ca thit b.
Trng lng ca thp gm trng lng ca:
Np thit b
Thn thp
y thp
a v chp trn a
Bch
Lng cht lng in y thp
a. Khi lng thn thp.
M
thp
=V
thp
.
thp
V: th tch (m
3
), V=H.S
: khi lng ring, kg/m

3
Thp lm bng thp CT3 :
=7850 kg/m
3
[I-313]
H
D D
m
t n
. .
4
) (
2 2
D
n
=2m+0,008m=2,008m
D
t
=2m
H=40m
68
kg H
D D
m
t n
464 , 7907 40 . 7850 .
4
) 2 008 , 2 (
. .
4
) (
2 2 2 2
b. Khi lng ca y v np.

Khi lng y (np): m=283kg
Khi lng y+ np: m=283.2=566kg
c. Khi lng a.

TT TT
N H S N V m . . . . .
H=0,005m
Khi cha c l th thit din ca l l:
4
.
2
t
D
S

Khi a c l:
4
) .(
2 2
h t
d D
S

d
h
=0,1m

kg
N H d D m
TT h t
95 , 8117
66 . 7850 . 005 , 0 ). 1 , 0 2 .(
4
. . ). .(
4
2 2
2 2
d. Khi lng cht lng.

kg
D
H H m
C tbC L tbL
19 , 183485
4
2 .
). 845 , 26 . 61 , 1470 155 , 13 . 74 , 1438 (
4
.
) . . (
2
2
+
+

e. Khi lng ca chp.
M
1chp
=1,27kg
M
chp
=1,27.40.66=3352,8kg
f. Khi lng ng hi .

n N h d d m
T H th h
. . . ). (
4
2 2

d
h
=0,1m
69
d
th
=d
h
-2.
h
=0,1-2.0,002=0,096
h
H
: chiu cao ng hi, h
H
=0,12m
kg n N h d d m
T H th h
3 , 1531 40 . 66 . 12 , 0 . 7850 ). 096 , 0 1 , 0 (
4
. . . ). (
4
2 2 2 2

g. Khi lng bch.

kg
h D D m
565 , 516
5 . 7850 . 032 , 0 ). 015 , 2 141 , 2 (
4
5 . . ). (
4
2 2
2
0
2
Vy:
M
thp
=7907,464+566+8117,95+183485,19+3352,8+1531,3+516,565
=205477kg=2015729N
Ta dng 12 chn , mi chn chu 1 ti trng l 8.10
4
N
V ta dng 12 tai treo, mi tai treo chu 1 ti trng l 8,8.10
4
N
Chn vi cc thng s:
L
H
B1
B
h
70
Tai treo v cc thng s:
KT LUN
Sau gn hai thng lm vic tch cc, khn trng, nay em hon thnh
bn n ca mnh vi ti Thit k h thng thp chng luyn lin tc
tch hn hp hai cu t Clorofom Cacbontetraclorua.
Bn n cho thy ngha ht sc quan trng mang tnh chin lc ca
ngnh cng ngh ho hc trong i sng sinh hot, trong sn xut cng
nghip v trong s tn ti ca mi quc gia.
Bn n trn rt c ngha v thng qua qu trnh thit k ny k nng
tnh ton cng nh tra cu cc ti liu tram kho ca ngi thit k tng.
ng thi y l bn tp hp tt c cc kin thc hc.
Ti
trng
G.10
-4
N
B mt

F,m
2
Ti
trng
q.10
-6
N/m
2
L B B
1
B
2
H h s l d
mm
8,0 840 0,96 320 265 270 400 500 275 22 120 34
Ti
trng
G.10
-4
N
B mt

F,m
2
Ti
trng
q.10
-6
N/m
2
L B B
1
H S l a d
mm
8,8 639 1,25 270 240 240 420 14 120 25 34
71
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht- Tp 1
2. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht- Tp 2
3. Tnh ton qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht- Tp 2
4. B mn my ho.
72
MC LC
Phn 1: M u..................................................................1
Phn 2: Gii thiu chung v dy chuyn sn xut.............2
Phn 3: Tnh ton thit b chnh.........................................4
I- Tnh ton cn bng vt liu...................................4
II- Tnh ng knh thp..........................................7
1. ng knh on luyn...................................7
2. ng knh on chng..................................13
III- Tnh chiu cao thp............................................16
1. Chiu cao on luyn.....................................16
2. Chiu cao don chng....................................21
IV- Tnh s a thc t thp.....................................25
V- Tr lc ca thp..................................................27
1. on luyn.....................................................27
73
2. on chng....................................................31
VI- Tnh cn bng nhit...........................................32
Phn 4: Tnh thit b ph....................................................40
I- Tnh thit b gia nhit hn hp u.....................40
II- Tnh chn bm...................................................47
III- Tnh thng cao v..............................................55
Phn 5: Tnh ton c kh....................................................59
1. Cc thng s v chp..........................................59
2. Tnh thn thp.....................................................60
3. Tnh y v np thit b......................................63
4. Tnh ng knh cc ng dn..............................64
5. Chn mt bch.....................................................68
6. Chn chn v tai treo.....................................68

74

75

76

77

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Sv: Nguyn Th Ngt Lp H Ho K1

1.2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2 2.2 2.5

(m) [II-181, IX.90]

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn:

:khi lng ring ca cht lng

=20,535 >20 do ta chn

:vn tc hi tnh cho mt ct t do ca thp

: khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi

: nht trung bnh ca lng (Ns/m

:khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng

:tc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn

2.2 H s khuch tn ca kh vo hi.

Chiu cao thp:

:khi lng ring ca pha hi (kg/m

:vn tc kh qua rnh chp (m/s)

:sc cng b mt (N/m)

: khi lng ring ca bt, chn

: chiu dy chp, chn

: khi lng ring ca pha lng (kg/m

: nhit lng ring ca hi nh thp.

: khi lng ring ca dung dch kg/m

: Vn tc dng chy trong ng (m/s)

: khi lng ring ca dung dch t

: nht ca dung dch t

: h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo quan h gia chiu di v ng knh ca ng:

: khi lng ring trung bnh ca hn hp u

Tc chy gi thit ng vi ch chy xoy Re=10000 l:

: nht ca hn hp u ti nhit trung bnh,

Quy chun m=2.

: khi lng ring ca cht lng hay kh (kg/m

: khi lng ring ca cht lng hay kh (kg/m

: khi lng ring ca cht lng, kg/m

b.p sut khc phc tr lc do ma st.

: nht ca dung dch 25

1.2 Tr lc trong ng dn cht lng t thit b un si vo thp a tip

b.p sut khc phc tr lc do ma st.

: nht ca dung dch 68,9249

1.3 Xc nh tr lc thit b gia nhit hn hp u.

b. p sut khc phc tr lc.

Khi dng chy i t cc khong trng vo cc ngn, tc l t thu 2 ln:

Khi dng chy ra khi thit b gia nhit tc l t thu:

z: Chiu cao ca cht lng so vi a tip liu

: vn tc cht lng i trong thng cao v,

: vn tc cht lng i trong ng dn vo a tip liu

n ho cng Khoa cng ngh ho

: Hiu sut ton phn ca bm

: hiu sut th tch,

: hiu sut thu lc,

: Hiu sut c kh,

: Hiu sut truyn ng, chn

: Hiu sut ca ng c, chn

: h s d tr cng sut (tra I-440)

: H s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc,

Nn c th b qua i lng P mu s trong cng thc tnh S.

Nh vy vi S=10mm m bo bn cho y ca thp thit k.

: vn tc thch hp ca kh, hi hoc dung dch i trong ng (m/s)

Quy chun d=0,2m,l=130mm

: khi lng ring, kg/m

b. Khi lng ca y v np.

d. Khi lng cht lng.

g. Khi lng bch.

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