Professional Documents
Culture Documents
mc
Trang
MC LC ................................................................................................................................... 1
GII THIU V MUN ............................................................................................................ 3
CC HNH THC HC TP CHNH TRONG MUN .............................................................. 4
YU CU NH GI HON THNH MUN ........................................................................... 5
BI 1. VAI TR CA QU TRNH CRACKING XC TC .......................................................... 6
M bi: HD E1 ............................................................................................................................ 6
1.1. Nhu cu v s lng v cht lng ca xng nhin liu ..................................................... 6
1.1.1. Nhu cu tng s lng ..................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2. Yu cu tng cht lng v cc cng ngh sn xut xng ............................................... 8
1.2.Cc phn on nng t du th, S cn thit phi c qu trnh Cracking ............................ 9
1.2.1. Cc phn on nng t du th........................................................................................ 9
1.2.2.S cn thit phi c qu trnh Cracking ........................................................................... 10
1.2.3. Sn xut xng t v xng my bay ............................................................................... 11
1.3. Cu hi .............................................................................................................................. 12
BI 2. BN CHT HA HC CA CRACKING XC TC ....................................................... 13
M bi:HD E2 ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.1. C s ha hc ca Cracking ............................................................................................. 13
2.2. C ch phn ng cracking ................................................................................................. 13
2.3. Cracking hydrocacbon parafin, naphten, aromat ................................................................ 15
2.4. Cc phn ng ph km theo phn ng cracking xc tc ................................................... 17
2.5. Vai tr ca phn ng cracking xc tc ............................................................................... 18
2.6. Cu hi .............................................................................................................................. 18
BI 3. LCH S PHT TRIN CA XC TC ZEOLIT ............................................................ 19
M bi: HD E3 .......................................................................................................................... 19
3.1. Lch s pht trin xc tc ................................................................................................... 19
3.2. Xc tc zeolit v xc tc cha zeolit .................................................................................. 20
3.3. Phng php iu ch xc tc zeolit ................................................................................. 22
3.4. Xc nh cc c trng ca xc tc zeolit .......................................................................... 22
3.5. Phn thc hnh ................................................................................................................. 23
3.6. Cu hi .............................................................................................................................. 23
BI 4. NGUYN LIU V SN PHM THU ............................................................................. 25
M bi: HD E4 .......................................................................................................................... 25
4.1. Cc ngun nguyn liu v tnh cht ca mi loi ............................................................... 25
4.2. Cc loi sn phm thu c t qu trnh cracking xc tc ................................................ 26
4.3. c im cc sn phm kh v lng thu c t qu trnh cracking xc tc ...................... 27
4.3.1. Kh hydroccbon ............................................................................................................. 27
4.3.2. Phn on xng .............................................................................................................. 28
4.3.3. Cc phn on 200350oC ............................................................................................. 28
4.4. Phn thc hnh ................................................................................................................. 28
4.5. Cu hi .............................................................................................................................. 29
Bit phn tch mt s ch tiu cht lng sn phm xng trong phng
th nghim
Nm c cch thc hin quy trnh cracking xc tc quy m thit b
phng th nghim.
Hc trn lp nghim tc
Chun b chu o cho cc hat ng tham quan, nghe ngai kha
TT
Phng php nh gi
S ln nh gi
Trng s(%)
20
30
Thi cui k
50
Nm
1990
1995
Tng TB
nm,%
D bo
1996
2000
2005
2010
215
2020
1050,6
1094,3
1128,3
1216,2
1305,9
1419,5
1491,5
1551,7
1,4
Ty u
664,4
724,4
733,4
733,8
744,8
766,3
781,8
739,7
0,3
Chu
319,3
359,7
364,1
395,1
413,2
442,3
473,2
505,2
1,4
Tng
2034,2
2178,2
2225,8
2340,0
2489,3
2628,1
2741,3
2850,8
1,1
ng u v Lin x (c)
Nm
Khu
vc
Tng TB
nm,%
D bo
1990
1995
1996
2000
2005
2010
215
2020
515,0
303,1
292,3
302,8
341,8
401,2
462,9
520,7
2,2
391,4
580,5
610,3
682,5
851,9
1023,5
1224,1
1474,4
3,8
Tr.
ng
175,1
210,6
215,4
225,8
255,1
288,0
324,0
366,0
2,2
Chu
Phi
108,2
118,2
123,1
159,1
188,7
210,9
236,6
262,9
3,2
Trung
NamM
175,1
200,4
205,1
266,8
316,3
175,4
437,2
505,2
3,8
Tng
849,8
1109,7
1153,9
1334,2
1611,9
1897,8
2221,8
2806,5
3,5
Tng
th gii
3399
3591
3672
3977
4443
4927
4526
5980
2,1
Loi sn phm
STT
Nhin liu
1
810
2225
1115
4045
1520
Du nhn
23
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
LPG
1.000
55.000
76.000
249.000
177.000
Xng
700.800
Du ha
229.000
260.000
324.000
269.000
300.000
120.000
229.000
237.000
391.000
300.000
Nhin liu t l
568.000
891.000
1.072.000
961.000
1.321.000
Du nhn
65.210
122.000
142.000
155.000
167.000
Nha ng
36.000
104.000
163.000
142.000
155.000
Tng cc sn
phm du
Du nng
(25oAPI)
Yu cu sn
phm ca th
trng
02
01
510
30
19
2530
38
10
40
Phn on du nng,%
30
70
1520
Phn on sn phm
Ngun: The fuels Quality Training Seminar on 2527 October 2003 Sydney,
Australia.
Bng1.5..Cc phn on t du th Bch H v i hng ca Vit nam
Phn on sn phm
Du th Bch h
Du th i
hng
3570oC,%Khi lng
2,81
1,05
70140oC,%Khi lng
35190oC,%Khi lng
8,21
18,57
6,54
13,08
7,55
19,78
5,60
17,30
230360oC,%Khi lng
26,98
22,42
Cc phn on nng:
360540oC,%Khi lng
32,15
31,78
>540oC,%Khi lng
16,35
20,76
Cc phn on sn xut du ha v
nhin liu phn lc:
190230oC,%Khi lng
140260oC,%Khi lng
Cc phn on trung bnh sn xut
nhin liu diezen:
Project
toluen, xylen...
- Do yu cu cht lng xng phi c ch s c tan cao.
Nhng yu cu trn i hi phi c qu trnh cracking. Qu trnh cracking
bin i cc phn on nng thnh cc phn on nh gip ta tng hiu sut
v s lng cc sn phm nh, tng tr s ctan ca xng v to ngun
nguyn liu cho ha du.
T ban u, khi m ngi ta bit chng ct du m vi mc tiu l ly
du ha thp sng. Phn nh trong du m cha bit dng vo vic g.
Nhng khi c ng c t trong ra i, phn nh t du m c s dng
lm nhin liu v t loi xng nhin liu c ra i. S lng, chng loi
cc ng c t trong lin tc tng khng ngng cho ti ngy nay. Cc loi
ng c t trong s dng xng lm nhin liu chim t l ch yu l cc loi
xe t trong vn chuyn, c bit l cc loi xe hi c nhn.T l xng cho
ng c my bay th lin tc gim v khi ng c phn lc ra i, do c nhiu
u im nn ngnh hng khng chuyn sang s dng my bay phn lc
v dng phn on du ha sn xut nhin liu phn lc.
10
11
12
BI 2. BN CHT HA HC CA CRACKING XC TC
M bi:HD E2
Gii thiu
Bit c vai tr ca qu trnh cracking xc tc, hc sinh phi bit r bn
cht ho hc ca qu trnh cracking.
Mc tiu thc hin
Hc bi ny hc sinh bit:
- M t c s ho hc ca qu trnh cracking
- M t c ch cracking i vi cc loi hydrocacbon.
Ni dung
2.1. C s ha hc ca Cracking
Qu trnh cracking xc tc c tin hnh iu kin:
-
Nhit : 470550oC,
p sut: 23MPa
Tc khng gian th tch: t 1120m3/m3.h (ty theo dy chuyn
cng ngh.
Nhiu phn ng ha hc s sy ra trong qu trnh v cc phn ng ny
s quyt nh cht lng v hiu sut ca qu trnh, l:
- Phn ng phn hy ct mch (b gy), phn ng cracking
- Phn ng ng phn ha,
- Phn ng chuyn v tr ca hydro, phn ng ngng t, polyme ha v
phn ng to cc.
Cc phn ng phn hy l phn ng thu nhit mnh, phn ng ng
phn ha, chuyn v hydro, polyme ha v phn ng ngng t l cc phn
ng ta nhit yu.
2.2. C ch phn ng cracking
C ch phn ng cracking xc tc l c ch ion cacboni.Cc tm hat
tnh l ion ccboni c to ra khi cc phn t hydrocacbon ca nguyn liu
tc dng vi tm axt ca xc tc.
- Tm axt xc tc c 2 loi: Loi Bronsted (H+) v Lewis (L).
- Tm Bronsted l khi tham gia phn ng c kh nng cho proton hat
ng (H+) cn tm Lewis th thiu electron nn c xu hng nhn
thm in t.
Phn ng cracking xc tc sy ra theo cc giai on sau:
Giai on 1: to ion cacboni
13
CnH2n+2 +
L(H+)
+CnH 2n+1 +
Trng hp phn hy izopropylbenzen:
-
LH
H:L +
[C6H5]
+
H:L C6H6
+
Trn tm axt kiu xc tc Bronsted:
C3H6
[C6H+5]
C3H7C6H5
+
HB [C3H+7] +
C6H6
+
+
[C3H 7] +
B
C3H6
+
HB
Giai on 2:.Cc phn ng ca ion cacboni to cc sn phm
Phn ng ng phn ha
[RCH2CH2CH2+]
[RCH2CH+CH3]
(ct mch v tr
so vi ccbon
mang in tch)
CH3C+H2
H2
CH3CH3 + H+
14
Chuyn ha 10%
15
+L
R-C+-R
+H
16
Hydrocacbon
Parafin
Olefin v parafin
Olefin v hydro
izoparafin
Parafin v ien
Polyme, cc
Olefin
Xyclohexan v olefin
Hydrocacbon thm
Phn ng bc 2:
Hydrocacbon thm
Naphten + Olefin
Parafin
Sn phm ngng t v cc
Olefin
Naphten
Hydrocacbon thm
(alkyl thm)
t oC , xctc
t oC , xctc
t oC , xctc
CH4
C3H6
C2H6
C2H4
C4H8
H2
RCH=CH2
H2
RCH2CH3
17
-3H2
CH 2- CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3
18
20
Zeolit A
Zeolit X, Y
21
nhit, hay iu chnh kch thc l xp. Zeolit c hat tnh cao nn ngi ta
thng dng n dng hn hp vi xc tc v nh hnh hay aluminosilicat
tinh th v c gi l xc tc cha zeolit.
3.3. Phng php iu ch xc tc zeolit
Trong cng nghip xc tc zeolit c ch to di hai dng chnh l
dng cu v dng bt.
Ngoi yu cu v hat tnh cao, xc tc cracking cn phi p ng cc
yu cu khc nh bn nht, bn c, khng gy n mn hay mi mn thit
b v m bo d khuch tn nguyn liu ti cc tm hat tnh v sn phm t
b mt ra bn ngoi. m bo s khuch tn ca xy ti b mt xc tc d
t chy cc khi ti sinh, v m bo gi thnh sn xut xc tc c th chp
nhn c.
Xut pht t cc yu cu trn m ngi ta phi chn cc hp phn thch
hp ch to xc tc.
Trong zeolit c 2 loi kch thc l xp: kch thc ca s v kch thc
l ln.Khi a chng trn vi aluminosilicat ta s iu chnh c cu trc l
ca chng trong gii hn thch hp. V d nh xc tc cha zeolit A c kch
thc l trong khong 45Ao
Xc tc zeolit loi X v Y c kch thc l 810Ao c dng cracking
nguyn liu c thnh phn phn on rng. Khi cc phn t ln ca
nguyn liu c th d dng ti b mt ca xc tc v cc phn t nh hn th
c th tip xc vi cc tm hat tnh b mt trong ca xc tc. Cn cc l
loi cao phn t nn chng bm mt ngoi ca xc tc s thun li trong
qu trnh t chy khi ti sinh xc tc.
3.4. Xc nh cc c trng ca xc tc zeolit
3.4.1. hat tnh ca xc tc cracking
Cc phng php u da vo thit b tiu chun v nguyn liu mu
cng cc iu kin cng ngh ca phng th nghim, xc nh hiu sut
sn phm.(xng, phn ct, kh v cc).V mc ch chnh ca qu trnh
cracking l sn xut xng nn phng php dng hiu sut xng thu c
nh gi hat ng ca xc tc l n gin hn.Nh vy hat tnh ca
xc tc thng biu din qua ch s hat tnh, l hiu sut xng(%kl) khi
cracking nguyn liu mu trong iu kin phng th nghim.Hat tnh ca xc
tc ph thuc vo cc tnh cht l, ha ca xc tc, vo thnh phn ha hc
ca xc tc v cng ngh ca qu trnh.
3.4.2. chn lc ca xc tc
22
24
26
Nguyn liu:
- Hng s c trng KUOP
- Gii hn chng ct, oC
Parafin
Naphten
Aromat
C
nhiu
lu
hynh
12,2
11,9
11,3
12,0
280540 250466 220462 245570
C nhiu
Nit
11,5
218471
60
14
26
0,17
-
49
28
23
-
24
40
36
-
2,14
0,07
0,7
0,25
Hiu sut:
- H2S, % trng lng
- H2 , % trng lng
- CH4 , % trng lng
- C2H4 , % trng lng
- C2H6 , % trng lng
- C3H6 , % trng lng
- C3H8 , % trng lng
- i-C4H10 , % th tch
- n-C4H10 , % th tch
- C4H8 , % th tch
0,05
0,7
0,6
0,6
3,8
1,6
7,2
1,7
6,9
0,02
0,7
0,6
0,6
3,6
1,9
8,5
1,9
5,7
0,03
0,6
0,6
0,5
3,0
1,3
7,7
1,1
5,0
0,9
0,05
0,8
0,4
0,8
2,6
2,4
7,1
1,8
3,6
0,3
0,1
1,2
0,5
1,0
1,9
1,8
5,3
1,7
3,6
39,3
36,7
41,4
39,3
38,7
45,0
3,1
93
45,0
4,3
94,5
45,0
3,8
97,2
45,0
6,5
89,8
45,0
8,0
97,0
Xc tc cha aluminosilicat
H2S
4,9
3,6
H2
CH4
0,1
1,6
3,1
8,0
C2H4
2,7
6,9
C2H6
1,8
2,8
C3H6
C3H8
23,1
7,9
25,6
5,7
nC4H8
iC4H8
nC4H10
iC4H10
16,6
5,7
6,4
28,1
16,0
10,1
3,0
15,2
29
31
Cng ngh FCC ngy cng c ci tin nhm t hiu sut v cht
lng xng cao hn, vi cht lng nguyn liu ngy cng xu hn.
32
33
35
36
37
UOP
KELLOG
STONE&WEBSTER
16
IFP/TOTAL
SHELL
Ni xy dng
Nm a vo
hot ng
Catlettsburg,Kentuka, USA
Mongstat, Nauy
Ohita, Nht bn
Bologan, Indonesia
1983
1989
1991
1994
Chu u
Hn quc
Hn quc
thit k(1994)
1996
1996
38
Ni xy dng
quyn
Nm a vo
hot ng
1961
1981
1983
1991
1992
Chiba, Nht bn
1995
Arkansas,Kansas,USA
Ardmore,Oklahoma, USA
Montreal, Canada
1881(nng cp)
1982
1985
Montreal, Canada
Kwinana,Australia
Wuhan. Trung Quc
1987
1987
1987(nng cp)
Changling,Trung Quc
Guangzhou,Trung Quc
Zhenhai,Trung Quc
Nanjing,Trung Quc
1989
1990
1990(nng cp)
1991
PortAthur,Texas,USA
Negishi,Nht bn
Yeochum, Hn quc
Sanfrancisco,USA
1991(nng cp)
1992
1994
1994
Singapore
Thi lan
1996
1996
Aichi,Nht bn
Musi,Indonesia
Ulsan, Hn quc
Hokkaido, Nht bn
Montenvideo, Urugoay
1987
1993
1993
1994
1994(nng cp)
Barrancebermeyja, Columbia
1995(nng cp)
5.Misubishi Oil
6.Kyokuto Petroleum Ind.
IIICng ngh RFCC ca S&W
1.Total Petroleum
2.Total Petroleum
3.Petro Canada
4.Shel Canada
5.BPAustralia
6.SINOPEC
7.SINOPEC
8.SINOPEC
9.SINOPEC
10.SINOPEC
11.Chevron USA.Inc.
12.Nipon Petrpoleum
13.Honam Oil
14.Pacific Refining
15.Singapore.Refining
16.Star Petroeum Refinery
1989
39
Nm a vo
Ni xy dng
quyn
2.Shell Singapore
3.Shell Australia
hot ng
1990
1992
Norco, Lousiana
1992
Yokkaichi, Nht bn
1995
4.Shell Oil
5.Showa Yokkaichi Sekiyu
IFP
SW
UOP
KELLOG
SHELL
Tn cng
ngh
R.2.R
S&W
FCC
RCC
Kellog&MobilFCC
ShellLR
FCC
Phun
Vi p
Vi p
Vi p
Vi p sut thp
Vi p sut
sut
sut cao
sut thp
Bn
Bn
Bn trong
Bn trong
Bn trong
ngoi
ngoi
H thng
ti sinh
Hai cp
Hai cp
1
cp/2cp
1 cp
1 cp
Lm ngui
xc tc
Khng
Hat ng
ca h
thng
H
thng
m
H thng
m
H thng
ng
H thng ng
h thng
m
nguyn liu
thp
cao
Xyclon
Xyclon
5.5. Cu hi
1. M t, trnh by v nguyn l hat ng ca 1 loi cng ngh cracking xc
tc gi si?
2. Cng ngh FCC ngy nay, nu nhng c im khc nhau ca cng ngh
FCC gia cc hng?
40
41
6.1.2. Tc np liu
L t s gia lng nguyn liu c np trong mt n v thi gian trn
lng xc tc trong l phn ng.v c k hiu bng M/H/M
Khi tng tc np liu s lm gim chuyn ho v ngc li v tc
np liu l i lng ngc vi thi gian phn ng. Khi s dng xc tc c
hat tnh cao ta c th tng tc np liu khi y s tng nng sut ca
thit b.
6.1.3. T l xc tc/Nguyn liu
T l xc tc zeolit/nguyn liu,cn gi l bi s tun hon xc tc
(X/RH). Vi loi xc tc zeolt th X/RH=10/1 cn xc tc v nh hnh
X/RH=20/1. Khi thay i t l X/RH s lm thay i thi gian lu ca xc tc
trong l phn ng v l ti sinh v thay i c lng cc bm trn xc tc.
ch n nh t l X/RH tng s lm tng chuyn ha v gim hm lng
cc bm trn xc tc, khi thi gian tip xc gia xc tc v nguyn liu
gim nhng hat tnh trung bnh ca xc tc li tng ln.
6.1.4. Nhit
Nhit trong l phn ng khi vn hnh trong khong 470540oC. Khi
nhit tng ln th tc phn ng phn hy nhanh hn nhng cng thc
y cc phn bc 2 nh kh hydro tng ln dn n tng hiu sut
hydrocacbon thm v olefin. Khi C1C3 trong kh tng, C4 gim, t trng v
tr s octan ca xng tng ln.
Khi nhit cao hiu sut xng gim, hiu sut kh tng v cc khng
tng.
6.1.5. p sut
Khi p sut tng th hiu sut xng tng ln, hiu sut C 1C3 gim, hm
lng olefin v hydrocacbon thm gim dn ti tr s octan ca xng gim.
6.2. Ti sinh xc tc cracking
42
CO2
C +
CO +
H2 +
O2
O2
O2
CO
CO2
H2O
S
+
SO2 +
O2
O2
SO2
SO3
MeO+
SO3
MeSO4
MeSO4 + 4H2
MeO
+
H2S
+
3H2O
Nhit lng ta ra c dng cp nhit cho xc tc mang vo l phn
ng.
6.3. Vn hnh s cng ngh cracking
Sau y trnh by s vn hnh ca mt dy truyn cng ngh FCC thng
dng (hnh 6.1) t cc b phn chnh:
6.3.1. L phn ng
Nguyn liu mi t b cha (1), i qua cc thit b trao i nhit ng
chm, nguyn liu mi c th c trn vi phn tun hon (HCO)(2) v cn
y (3), sau cho qua l t nng nguyn liu cracking.Nguyn liu cracking
(5)c tip xc vi xc tc nng ti sinh (6) y ca l ng, lc ny
nguyn liu c bay hi, v hn hp vi hi nng cng xc tc i ln pha
trn ti nh ca ng ng, trong qu trnh i ln trong ng th hu ht cc
phn ng cracking xc tc sy ra, cn phn l pha trn lm nhim v tch
xc tc v hi hydroccbon.Mt b phn c thit k b tr gn van chn,
dng hi nc thi xc tc v du nhm hn ch ti a hin tng quay
tr li ca xc tc v hi kh lm vic. Hi sn phm nng (7) c chuyn
ti ct phn on. Xc tc lm vic (8) cho qua vng tch hi bng cch
thi hi nc.B phn lm sch khng nhng ch lm nhim v ui ht
hydrocacbon hp ph trn xc tc m cn lm ti cc ht xc tc trc khi
sang l ti sinh.Vic thi hi nc c b iu chnh tc hi mt cch thch
hp, kim tra cht ch thi gian lu ca xc tc trong b phn ra nhm trnh
43
45
BI 7. C IM CA XNG CRACKING XC TC
M bi: HD E7
Gii thiu
Qu trnh cracking xc tc cho sn phm xng c cht lng khc nhau
tu theo loi nguyn liu v c im ca tng loi cng ngh vi cc bn
quyn khc nhau.
Mc tiu
Sau khi hc bi ny hc sinh phi:
- Gii thiu c c im ca xng cracking
- Xc nh c thnh phn ca xng cracking.
Ni dung
7.1. c im v thnh phn ha hc
Xng cracking xc tc l sn phm chnh ca qu trnh cracking xc tc.
Ty theo loi nguyn liu s dng v cc ch khi thc hin cng ngh (xc
tc, nhit , p xut...) dn n thnh phn ha hc ca xng thu c cng
thay i. Hiu sut xng t qu trnh cracking xc tc thng khong 3035%
lng nguyn liu.
Thnh phn ha hc ca xng cracking:
Hydrocacbon thm: 2540%
Olefin: 1530%
Naphten: 210%
Parafin: 3560%
- Hm lng lu hynh: 0,010,02%khi lng
Hiu sut v cht lng ca xng ph thuc vo cht lng nguyn
liu,xc tc v ch cng ngh.
Nguyn liu c nhiu naphten th xng c cht lng cao, nguyn liu c
nhiu parafin th xng thu c c tr s ctan thp hn.
Xng cracking c t trng trong khong 0,720,77.
Xng cracking c dng pha ch sn xut xng t v xng my bay.
Xng cracking xc tc c lng olefin cao, dn ti tnh n nh ca xng km,
trong tn cha v s dng d b to nha, gy tc kim phun nhin liu, nh
hng ti cht lng xng.
7.2. c im v tr s c tan
46
RON: 8795
MON: 7885
Tr s ctan ph thuc vo thnh phn ha hc ca xng. Khi thnh phn
hydrocacbon thm, v izoparafin cao s cho tr s ctan cao.
Tr s c tan ca xng cracking cng ch mc p ng cho xng t thng
thng, khi cn xng cho cc loi t i mi hat ng vi tr s nn cao v
cho xng my bay, cn phi pha trn vi nhng loi xng t qu trnh ng
phn ha, alkyl ha hoc qu trnh reforming.
7.3. ng dng ca xng cracking xc tc
Xng cracking xc tc l cu t quan trng i vi vic sn xut xng
nhin liu nhm p ng yu cu ngy cng cao v s lng v cht lng.
Nu ch c xng chng ct trc tip t du th th khng p ng c yu
cu v s lng. Qua qu trnh cracking xc tc bin chuyn t phn nng
km gi tr s dng v t yu cu thnh cc sn phm nh c gi tr s dng
cao hn, c bit l xng cracking.
Vi s i hi cht lng xng c cht lng cao hn, xng cracking
cn phi pha trn cng vi nhng cu t khc sn xut xng thng
phm. Xng cracking c hm lng hydrocacbon thm, olefin cao cho tr s
ctan cao nhng i hi v v sinh mi trng ch cho php gii hn thnh
phn ny. Nhiu olefin cn lm cho xng km n nh, d b oxy ha to thnh
cc cht nha gy tc h thng phun xng ca ng c.Hm lng
hydrocacbon thm cao, nht l benzen gy hi cho sc khe ngi s dng.
Trong thc t cc nh my ch bin du hin i cn c nhng cng ngh
khc nhm tng tr s ctan ca xng nhng hn ch nhng cu t olefin v
hydrocacbon thm.Nhng cng ngh thng l qu trnh ng phn ha,
alkyl ho. Vi xng ct trc tip t du th thng c tr s ctan thp s
c qua qu trnh reforming xc tc nng cao ch s c tan. sn xut
cc loi xng t, xng my bay c phm cht theo tiu chun yu cu th
xng ca qu trnh cracking xc tc l thnh phn chnh pha trn vi
nhng loi xng chng ct trc tip, xng alkyl ha, xng ng phn ha...
7.4. Phn thc hnh
Phn thc hnh trong phng th nghim ca Trung tm nghin cu v
pht trin ch bin du kh (RDCPP), Thi gian thc hnh 08 gi, do cn b
47
48
TM TT NI DUNG MODUN
Ni dung trng tm ca modun ny
Mc ch ca qu trnh cracking xc tc
-
50
51
CC THUT NG CHUYN MN
Cracking: S phn hy ct mch cu to CC trong phn t hydrocacon
F.G: nhin liu kh
Jet/kero: nhin liu phn lc v du ha
D.O: nhin liu cho ng c iezen
F.O: Nhin liu cho l t cng nghip
Gasoil: phn on chng ct t du th c nhit si (280 540oC)
PE: Polyetylen (nha PE)
PP: Polypropylen(Nha PP)
MTBE: Metyl ter butyleter
52
53