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1. Intellectual Capital is the collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce. 2.

Knowledge worker is someone whose mind is critical asset to employer. 3. Managers, is a person who supports and is responsible for the work of others. 4. Top Manager, guide the performance of the organizations as a whole or of one of its major parts. 5. Middle Managers, oversee the work or large departments or divisions. 6. Team Leaders or supervisors, report to middle managers and directly supervise non-managerial workers. 7. Line Managers, directly contribute to the production of the organizations basic goods or services. 8. Resistance to change and transmission or rumors are potential disadvantage with. Informal Structure 9. Contingency identifies alternative courses of action that can be taken if and when certain situations arise. 10. Ethnocentric, when a foreigner is offended at a local custom. 11. Low context culture, a culture which emphasizes communication via spoken or written words. 12. Functional chimneys problem, occurs when people in different functions failed to communicate. 13. Proxemics, how people use space to communicate. 14. Collectivism, according to Hofstede this describe an importance of teamwork. 15. Monochromic culture, members tend to do one thing at a time. 16. Benchmarking uses external comparison to gain insights for planning. 17. Functional, an organizational chart showing the VPs for marketing, finace, human resource reporting to the president. 18. Matrix, the two-boss system of reporting relationship. 19. Cross-functional team, bringing together the companys legal counsel, research engineer and marketing specialist is an example of?. 20. Organizational chart is a diagram that shows reporting relationship and the formal arrangement of work positions within an organization. - Collectivism, refers to a tight social framework in which people expect others in the groups to which they belong to. - High power distance, society accepts wide differences in power in organizations. - Functions of management? Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling

- Planning, the process of setting performance objectives and determining what actions should be taken to accomplish them. - Mary Parker Follett Stressed the importance of an organization establishing common goals for its employees. - Max Weber, believed in bureaucracy. - Bureaucracy, A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system. - Management information system, an information system organizes past, present and projected data. - Synergy, the ability of the whole system to equal more than the sum of its part. - Kaizen, a Japanese word which means continuous improvements. - Culture, the shared set of beliefs, values, and patterns behavior common to a group of people. - Grapevine, the transmission of negative information about the organization, usually occurs in the informal structure. - Recruitment, the process of encouraging job seekers outside an organization to seek employment in an organization. - Planning, the process of establishing goals and the appropriate courses of action. - Organizing, the allocation and use of resources to achieve the goals. - Aptitude test, a test whether an individual has the capacity or latent ability to learn a given job if given adequate training. - Management, the process of coordinating people and other resources to achieve the goals of the organization. - Motion study, the science of reducing a task to its basic physical motion. - Douglas McGregor, introduced theory X and theory Y. - Selection, determining the most qualified job applicants. - Personnel planning, the study of labor supply of jobs which are compared with the command. - Planning, the first function of management. - Conceptual skills, the ability to think analytically and solve complex problems. - Frederick Taylor, father of scientific management - Henri Fayol, father of modern management - Theory X, Assumes that people dislike work, lack of ambition and prefer to be led. - William Ouchi, he designed theory Z

Promotion, reassigned employee into a higher position. Seniority, length of service to the organization. Nepotism, showing favoritism Demotion, reassigned to lower position. Human Skills, the ability to work well in cooperation with other people. Emotional intelligence, the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively. Technical skills, the ability to use expertise to perform a task with proficiency. Crisis management, developed in management of crisis that threaten an organizations health and well being. Classical decision model, view the manager as acting in a certain world. Behavioral model, assumes that people act only in terms of what they perceive about a given solution. Forecasting, the process of predicting what will happen in the future. Scenario planning, a long term version of contingency planning. Participatory planning includes the persons who will be affected by plan and who will implement them. Efficiency, Doing the things a minimum use of resources or doing things right. Objectives,, Is a general statement of what is to be accomplished Stakeholders, are the person that are directly affected by the organization. Integration is the level of coordination achieved between subsystems in an organization. Chain of command, is the number of subordinates directly reporting to a manager Delegation, the process of distributing and entrusting work to other people.

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