Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

Phng php gii bi tp phn Dn xut halogen - Ancol - Phenol

A. lu cch tr li trc nghim Phn ng tch nc ca ancol To anken:
CnH2n+1OH
170o
H2SO4 ,c

CnH2n

+ H2 O

Sn phm chnh c xc nh theo quy tc Zaixep. Quy tc Zaixep: Nhm -OH u tin tch ra cng vi H cacbon bc cao hn bn cnh to thnh lin kt i C=C mang nhiu nhm ankyl hn. + To ete:

ROH

+ R'OH

140o H2SO4 ,c
140o

ROR' + H2O
C2H5OC2H5
+ H2O

C2H5OH + C2H5OH

H2SO4 ,c

(Vi n loi ancol s to ra

n(n + 1) loi ete, trong c n loi ete i xng) 2

c bit: Ring vi etanol c kh nng tch nc to but-1,3- ien:

2C2H5OH
Phn ng oxi ha:

Al2O3, ZnO 450o

CH2=CH- CH=CH2 + 2H2 + 2H2O

Oxi ha khng hon ton:

Ancol bc I b oxi ha thnh anehit: Cu RCH2OH + O2 RCHO + H2O to Ancol bc II b oxi ha thnh xeton:

R CH

R'

O2

Cu

OH Ancol bc III khng b oxi ha

to

R C O

R' + H2O

Oxi ha hon ton:

CH2 CH CH3 + HOH

CnH2n+1OH +
H2SO4,l

3n o O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 CH3

(Sn phm chnh c xc nh theo quy tc Maccpnhicp)

CH3 CH OH

(sn phm chnh)

Nhn bit ancol - Phn bit cc ancol c bc khc nhau * un nng vi CuO (hoc t nng trn si dy ng) Ancol bc I b oxi ha thnh anehit (nhn bit sn phm to thnh bng phn ng trng bc). Ancol bc II b oxi ha thnh xeton (sn phm to thnh khng tham gia phn ng trng bc). Ancol bc III khng b oxi ha trong iu kin trn. Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng 1

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

* Cng c th phn bit cc bc ca ancol bng thuc th Luca l hn hp ca HCl m c v ZnCl2 Ancol bc III s phn ng ngay lp tc to ra dn xut clo khng tan trong nc. Ancol bc II phn ng chm hn, thng phi ch t pht mi to ra dn xut clo. Ancol bc mt khng cho dn xut clo nhit phng. Ch : Phenol khng tc dng trc tip vi axit hu c nh ancol. Mun iu ch este ca phenol phi dng clorua axit hoc anhirit axit v mt in tch dng nhm C=O ln hn axit v phn ng c thc hin trong mi trng kim V d C6H5OH + (CH3CO)2O

CH3COOC6H5 + CH3COOH

Mt s lu khi gii bi tp 1. ru: l s ml ru nguyn cht c trong 100 ml dung dch ru V d: Trong 100 ml ru 960 c cha 96 ml ru nguyn cht 2. Trong phn ng ete ha ancol n chc cn lu

Vi n loi ancol s to ra

n(n + 1) loi ete, trong c n loi ete i xng 2 1 tng mol cc ancol tham gia phn ng 2

S mol H2O to ra = tng mol ete =

Nu cc ete to ra c s mol bng nhau th cc ancol tham gia phn ng ete ha c s mol nh nhau Ancol no n chc : CnH2n+1OH Ancol no a chc, mch h : CnH2n+2-a(OH)a (ancol bn nu n a)

3. CTPT chung ca ancol

- Ancol khng no ch bn khi -OH lin kt vi C c lin kt n. Nu -OH lin kt

vi C khng no (ca lin kt i, ba) th ancol khng bn v b chuyn ha ngay thnh anehit hoc xeton

- Trong ancol no, a chc mi nhm -OH ch lin kt trn mi cacbon. Nu nhiu
nhm -OH cng lin kt trn mt nguyn t cacbon th phn t ancol t tch nc to thnh anehit, xeton hoc axit. 4. CTTQ ca phenol n chc, gc hirocacbon lin kt vi nhn benzen l gc hirocacbon no : CnH2n-7OH (n 6) 5. Phn bit phenol v ru Phenol c th tan trong dung dch kim to thnh dung dch trong sut. Phenol to kt ta trng (2,4,6-tribromphenol) vi dung dch nc brom. B. Bi trc nghim c li gii 1. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ru (ancol) X, ch thu c mt anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. (Trch thi tuyn sinh C khi A- nm 2007)

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

p n B Hng dn V loi nc thu c anken nn X l ancol no, n chc t CTPT ca X l CnH2n+2O t chy 1 mol X thu c n mol CO2 v (n+1) mol H2O Theo : S mol CO2 l 5,6 : 22,4 = 0,25 mol S mol H2O l 5,4 : 18 = 0,3 mol Ta c n = 5 Vy CTPT l C5H12O X c 4 CTCT ph hp l CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2OH CH3-CH(CH 3)-CH2-CH2OH CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2OH 2. Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C6H5CH(OH)2. C. CH3C6H3(OH)2. p n B Hng dn - X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng. X c 2 nhm -OH. X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1 X c 1 nhm OH nh trc tip vi vng benzen (phenol), v 1 nhm OH nh nhnh (ru) 3. Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (Cho: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. p n A Hng dn Theo X, Y l sn phm cng nc vo anken nn X, Y l ancol no n chc t CT chung ca X, Y l Cn H 2 n + 2 O B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh C khi A- nm 2007) B. HOC6H4CH2OH. D. CH3OC6H4OH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh C khi A- nm 2007)

Cn H 2 n + 2 O +

3n O2 2

n CO2 + ( n +1) H2O

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

S mol NaOH cn d: 0,05. 2 = 0,1 mol CO2 b hp th hon ton theo phn ng CO2 + 2 NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O S mol NaOH tham gia phn ng l 2. 0,1 - 0,1 = 0,1 mol s mol CO2 = 0,05 mol Ta c s mol hai ancol = 1,06/ (14 n +18) m nCO2 = n . nancol nn

1, 06.n = 0,05 n = 2,5 18 + 14.n

Do hai anken l ng ng k tip nn X, Y cng l ng ng k tip Cng thc ca X, Y l C2H5OH v C3H7OH 4. C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18%? A. 2. p n B Hng dn CTPT ca ru (ancol) no, n chc: CnH2n+2O. %mC = B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. (Trch thi tuyn sinh C khi A- nm 2007)

12n .100 = 68,18% n = 5. C5H12O 14n + 18

CH3-CH2 -CH(OH) -CH2-CH3 CH3-CH(CH3) -CH(OH) -CH3

C 3 ng phn ru bc 2: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3

5. Cho mt hn hp hi metanol v etanol i qua ng cha CuO nung nng, khng c khng kh. Cc sn phm kh v hi sinh ra c dn i qua nhng bnh cha ring r H2SO4 c v KOH. Sau th nghim,thy ng ng CuO gim 80 gam, bnh ng H2SO4 tng 54 gam. Khi lng etanol tham gia phn ng l A. 46 gam p n B Hng dn iu kin trn (CuO nung ), CuO s cung cp oxi oxi ha hon ton to CO 2 v H2O Gi x, y ln lt l s mol CH3OH v C2H5OH CH3OH x mol C2H5OH y mol + + 3 CuO 3x mol 6 CuO 6y mol
o

B. 15,33 gam

C. 23 gam

D. 14,67 gam

t CO2 + 2 H2O + 3 Cu

x mol 2y mol

2x mol 3y mol

t 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + 6 Cu

S mol oxi dng: 3x + 6y = 80 : 16 = 5 mol S mol H2O sinh ra : 2x + 3y = 54 : 18 = 3 mol Gii ra ta c x = 1 mol, y = 1/3 mol Khi lng etanol l 46. 1/3 = 15,33 gam

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

6. T mt tn khoai cha 20% tinh bt, bng phng php ln men ngi ta iu ch c 100 lt ru etylic tuyt i c khi lng ring l 0,8 g/ml. Hiu sut ca qu trnh phn ng l A. 100 % p n B Hng dn S qu trnh iu ch (C6H10O5)n + nH2O men nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 men 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Khi lng tinh bt : (1) (2) B. 70% C. 80% D. 75%

20 .106 = 2. 105 gam 100 T phng trnh (1) v (2) ta c khi lng ru etylic thu c l 2.105 .n.2.46 = 113580. 24 g 162n Hiu sut ca qu trnh sn xut l 100.0,8.1000 .100 = 70% 113580, 24
7. un mt ancol X vi hn hp (ly d) KBr v H2SO4 c thu c 12,3 gam cht hu c Y. Hiu sut phn ng t 60%. Cht Y cha 29,27% C, 5,69% H v 65,04% mt nguyn t khc. Hi ca 12,3 gam Y ni trn chim mt th tch bng th tch ca 2,8 gam nit trong cng iu kin. Bit khi oxi ha ancol X bi CuO thu c mt anehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l A. CH3-CH2OH v CH3CH2Br B. CH3-CH2-CH2OH v CH3CH2CH2Br C. CH3-CH2-CH2OH v CH3-CHBr-CH3 D. CH2=CH-CH2OH v CH2=CHCH 2Br p n B Hng dn S mol ca 12,3 gam Y bng s mol ca 2,8 gam nit tc l 2,8 : 28 = 0,1 mol Do MB = 12,3 : 0,1 = 123 Y l dn xut cha brom. t cng thc phn t ca Y l CxHyBrz

29, 27 5, 69 65, 04 : : =3:7:1 12 1 80 (C3H7Br)n = 123 suy ra n = 1. Cng thc phn t ca Y l C 3H7Br cn cng thc ca X l C3H7OH V khi oxi ha X thu c anehit nn X l ancol bc 1 Vy cng thc cu to ca X, Y l CH3-CH2-CH2OH v CH3CH2CH2Br
Ta c: x : y : z = 8. X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H4(OH)2 B. C3H6(OH)2 C. C3H5(OH)3 D. C3H7OH (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi B) p n C Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

Hng dn

nO2 =

5, 6 6, 6 = 0,175 mol; nCO2 = = 1,5 mol 32 44 3n + 1 x O2 nCO2 + ( n + 1) H2 O 2 0,05 mol 0,175 mol 1,5 mol n = 3;

Phn ng chy: Cn H 2 n + 2Ox +

3n + 1 x = 3,5 x= 3. 2 9. Khi t 0,1 mol cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO2 thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HOCH 2C6H4COOH B. C6H4(OH)2 C. C2H5C6H4OH D. C6H4(CH3)OH (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi B) p n D Hng dn

nCO2 =

35, 2 = 0,8 mol; 44

x<

t chy CxHyOz xCO2

nCO2 nCx H y Oz

0,8 =8 0,1

Mt khc: 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH Trong X ch c 1 nhm OH hoc 1 nhm COOH. Cng thc ph hp l C6H4(CH3)OH 10. Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,92 p n A Hng dn: Gi CTPT ca ru CnH2n+1OH, s mol trong m g l x mol Phn ng:
t CnH2n+1OH + CuO CnH2nO + Cu + H2O
o

B. 0,46

C. 0,32

D. 0,64

(Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi B)

mcht rn gim = mCuO mCu = 16x = 0,32 x = 0,02 mol Hn hp hi: CnH2nO v H2O, c d(C H
n 2 n O ; H2 O ) / H2

(14 n + 16).0, 02 + 18.0, 02 = 15,5 (0, 02 + 0, 02).2

n = 2. m = 0,02. 46 = 0,92 gam. 11. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp ancol A v B thuc loi ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam nc. Mt khc oxi ha hon ton hai ancol A v B bng CuO (t0) th thu c mt anehit v mt xeton. A, B ln lt l:

A. CH3OH v C2H5OH Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc B. CH3CH2CH2OH v CH3CH2CHOHCH 3 C. C2H5OH v CH3CH2CH2OH D. CH3CHOHCH3 v CH3CH2OH
p n D Li gii Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh trong 2 ancol C n H 2 n +1OH Ta c: S mol CO2: +

3n O2 2

n CO2 + ( n +1) H2O

5, 6 6,3 = 0,25 mol ; s mol H2O: = 0,35 mol 22, 4 18

Theo phng trnh: n / ( n +1) = 0,25/0,35 n = 2,5 Do hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau trong dy ancol no, n chc nn hai ancol c CTPT l C2H5OH v C3H7OH M oxi ha hon ton hai ancol A v B bng CuO (t 0) th thu c mt anehit v mt xeton nn A, B c CTCT l CH3CH2OH v CH3CHOHCH 3 (chn D) 12. t chy hon ton 3,075g hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng KOH rn. Tnh khi lng cc bnh tng ln bit rng nu cho lng ru trn tc dng vi Na d thy bay ra 0,672 lt H2 ktc. A. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 6,27g B. Bnh 1 tng 6,27g, bnh 2 tng 3,645g C. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 5,27g D. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 7,27g p n A Li gii t CTPT chung ca 2 ru l C n H 2 n +1OH Ta c C n H 2 n +1OH 2 C n H 2 n +1OH +

3n O2 2

n CO2 + ( n +1) H2O 2 C n H 2 n +1ONa + H2

(1) (2)

+ 2 Na
H2

Theo (2) S mol hn hp ru = 2 n

= 2.

0, 672 = 0,06 mol 22, 4

3, 075 51, 25 18 = 2,375 M = 0, 06 = 51,25 = 14 n + 18; n = 14

Theo (1): Bnh 1 tng: 0,06 (2,375 +1). 18 = 3,645g Bnh 2 tng: 0,06. 2,375. 44 = 6,27g 13. Cho 18,0 g hn hp hai ancol gm mt ancol no n chc v mt ancol n chc c mt lin kt i trong phn t c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi Na thu c 4,48 lt H2 ktc. Xc nh CTCT hai ancol. A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH2OH

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

B. CH3CH2CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH2OH C. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2OH D. Phng n khc. p n C Li gii t CTPT chung ca hai ancol l R OH. Ta c: 2 R OH + 2Na 2 R ONa + H2
H2

Theo (2) S mol hn hp ancol = 2 n

18

= 2.

4, 48 = 0,04 mol 22, 4

M = 0, 4 = 45 Nh vy trong 2 ancol phi c 1 ancol c phn t khi nh hn 45

ancol l CH3OH. Ancol cn li c CTPT l CxH2x-1OH (c 1 lin kt i trong phn t). Do hai ancol c s mol bng nhau nn khi lng mol trung bnh ca 2 ancol l trung bnh cng ca phn t khi ca 2 ancol. Do ancol cn li c phn t khi l: 45. 2 - 32 =58 14x +16 = 58 x = 3 Vy ancol cn li l C3H5OH ng vi CTCT CH2=CHCH2OH 14. Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH p n C Li gii t cng thc phn t chung ca 2 ancol l R OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. C3H5OH v C4H7OH (Trch thi tuyn sinh H khi A- nm 2007)

R OH + Na R ONa + 1/2 H2 Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng

Ta c m
ancol

+m

Na

=m

cht rn

+m

H2

(v bi cho ancol tc dng ht vi Na nn Na c th phn ng va ht hoc cn d, do cht rn c th l mui natri ancolat hoc hn hp gm natri ancolat v natri d) m
H2

= 15,6 + 9,2 - 24,5 = 0,3 gam s mol H2 =

0,3 = 0,15 mol 2

Theo phng trnh s mol ru l 0,15. 2 = 0,3 mol Vy M ancol =

15, 6 = 52 R + 17 = 52 R = 35 0,3

Do hai ancol l ng ng lin tip nn hai ancol l C2H5OH (M =46) v C3H7OH (M = 60) 15. Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol (ru) etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng CO2 sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 thu c 550 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 100 gam kt tA. Gi tr ca m l:

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

A. 650 p n A Cc phn ng: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 2C2H6O + 2CO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 2CO2 + Ca(OH) 2 + H2O Ca(HCO 3)2 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O B. 550 C. 810 D. 750

(Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi A)

nCO2 =

550 + 2.100 nCO2 100 = 7,5 mol. nC6 H12O6 = 2 = 3, 25 mol m= (3, 25.180 3, 25.18).100 = 650 g. 81

16. Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l A. 8,10 p n C HCOOH HCOOC 2H5 ; CH3COOH CH3COOC 2H5 B. 16,20 C. 6,48 D. 10,12 (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi A)

nHCOOH = nCH 3COOH =

5,3 = 0, 05 mol; m= 0,05. (74 + 88). 0,8 = 6,48g. 46 + 60

17. Mt hn hp X gm hai cht thuc dy ng ng phenol A v B hn nhau 1 nhm CH2. t chy ht X thu c 83,6g CO2 v 18g H2O. Tm tng s mol A, B v CTCT ca A, B. A. 0,2 mol;C6H5OH v CH3C6H4OH B. 0,3 mol; C6H5OH v CH3C6H4OH C. 0,2 mol;CH3C6H4OH v C2H5C6H4OH D. 0,3 mol; CH3C6H4OH v C2H5C6H4OH p n B t CTPT chung ca 2 cht A, B l C n H 2 n -7OH ( n 6) hay C n H 2 n -6O Ta c C n H 2 n - 6O +

3n 4 O2 2

n CO2 + ( n -3) H2O

S mol CO2 : 83,6 : 44 = 1,9 mol S mol H2O : 18 : 18 = 1 mol T phng trnh ta c: n : ( n -3) = 1,9 : 1 n = 19/3 = 6,33 V A, B l ng ng k tip nn A, B l C6H5OH v CH3C6H4OH Tng s mol ca A, B l: 1,9 : 6,33 = 0,3 mol 18 Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v 1 ancol no, n chc A, mch h. Cho 2,76 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,672l hiro (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76g X

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

bng CuO (to) thu c hn hp anehit. Cho ton b lng anhit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 19,44g kt tA. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. CH3CH2OH C. CH3CH(CH 3)OH p n B Hng dn: nH 2 =
0, 672 19, 44 = 0, 03 mol; nAg = = 0,18 mol 22, 4 108

B. CH3CH2CH2OH D. (CH3)2CHCH 2OH

Gi CTPT ca ru cn tm l CnH2n+1OH; x, y ln lt l s mol CH3OH; CnH2n+1OH C s : 2CH3OH H2; 2CnH2n+1OH H2

nH 2 =

x y + = 0, 03 mol (1) 2 2

: CH3OH HCHO 4Ag; CnH2n+1OH RCHO 2Ag nAg = 4x + 2y = 0,18 mol (2) T (1) v (2) x= 0,03; y = 0,03 Li c mX = 32x + (14n+18) y = 2,76 n = 3. CTPT C3H7OH. 32. 0,03 + (14n +18). 0,03 = 2,76

Sn phm oxi ha ca A c th tham gia phn ng trng gng A l ru bc 1. 19. Trng hp hon ton 6,25g vinylclorua thu m(g) PVC. S mt xch (-CH2-CHCl-) trong m(g) PVC l: A. 6,02. 1022 C. 6,02. 1023 p n A S mt xch [-CH2-CHCl-] = s phn t[CH2 = CHCl] = n n = B. 6,02. 1020 D. 6,02. 1021

6, 25 . 6,02. 1023 = 6,02. 1022 62,5

20. Cho 3 cht hu c n chc c cng cng thc phn t C 3H8O tc dng vi CuO (toC) thu c hn hp sn phm. Cho hn hp sn phm tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6g Ag. Nu un nng hn hp 3 cht trn vi H 2SO4 c nhit 140 oC th thu c 34,5g hn hp 4 ete v 4,5 gam H 2O. Thnh phn % khi lng ru bc 2 c trong hn hp l: A. 61,53% p n A Gii 3 cht hu c l: CH3CH2CH2OH (ROH) ; CH3CH(CH 3)OH (ROH) v CH3CH2OCH3 S phn ng : CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CHO 2Ag nROH = B. 46,15% C. 30,77% D. 15,38%

1 1 21,6 nAg = . = 0,1 mol; 2 2 108

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

10

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

nhn xt: s mol 2 ru = 2. s mol nc. nROH + nROH = 2. nROH = 0,5 0,1 = 0,4 mol. Nhn xt: khi lng cht hu c = mete + mnc = 34,5 + 4,5 = 39g % mROH =

4,5 = 0,5 mol 18

0,4.60 = 61,53%. 39

21. Cho 7,872 lt kh C2H4 o 27oC; 1 atm hp th nc c xc tc, hiu sut 80% thu c ru X. Ho tan X vo nc thnh 245,3 ml dung dch Y. ru trong dung dch Y l: A. 40 p n C Gii B. 120 C. 60 D. 80

nC2 H 4 =

1.7,872 = 0,32 mol. 0,082.(273+27)

H 2 SO Phn ng: C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

mC2 H5OH =
ru =

11, 776 46.0,32 = 14,72 ml .80 = 11,776 gam. VC2 H5OH = 0,8 100 14, 72 = 6o 245,3

22. Chia mt lng hn hp hai ancol no, n chc thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1 em t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 l CO2 (ktc) - Phn 2 em tch nc hon ton thu c hn hp hai anken. t chy hon ton hai anken thu c bao nhiu gam nc? A. 1,2g p n B t cng thc phn t chung ca 2 ancol l C n H 2 n +1OH C n H 2 n +1OH C n H 2 n +1OH Cn H 2n Ta c : S mol H2O (3) = n . S mol anken = n . S mol ancol (1) = s mol CO2 (1) S mol H2O = + + B. 1,8g C. 2,4g D. 3,6g

3n O2 2

n CO2 + ( n +1) H2O

(1) (2) (3)

H 2 SO4 C n H 2 n + H2O 170o C

3n O2 2

n CO2 + n H2O

2, 24 = 0,1 mol Khi lng H2O = 18. 0,1 =1,8 gam 22, 4

23. t chy 1 mol ancol no X mch h cn 56 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. C3H5(OH)3 p n B B. C2H4(OH)2 C. C3H6(OH)2 D. C2H5OH

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

11

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc nO2 = 56 = 2,5 mol; 22.4 3n + 1 x O2 nCO2 + ( n + 1) H2 O 2

2, 5 mol

Phn ng chy: Cn H 2 n + 2Ox + 1 mol

3n + 1 x = 2.5 3n-x= 4 n=2; x= 2. 2

+Cl2 (t mol 1:1) l Fe, to +NaOH c (d ) to cao, p cao +axit HCl

24. Cho s
C6H6 (benzen) X Y Z

Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l: A. C6H6(OH)6 v C6H6Cl6 C. C6H5ONa v C6H5OH p n C

C6H6 (benzen) +Cl2 (t mol 1:1) l Fe, to C6H5Cl +NaOH c (d ) to cao, p cao C6H5ONa +axit HCl C6H5OH

B. C6H4(OH)2 v C6H4Cl2 D. C6H5OH v C6H5Cl (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi A)

25. Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O (u l dn xut ca benzen) c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C 8H10O, tha mn tnh cht trn l A. 4 p n D Hai ng phn l C6H5CH2H2OH v C6H5CHOHCH 3 tch nc u to ra C6H5CH=CH2 (stiren) 26 Cho 1 lt cn 92o tc dng vi Na d. Cho khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml. th tch kh H2 c ktc l A. 224,24 lt C. 280 lt p n D 1 lt cn 92o cha 920 ml C2H5OH v 80 ml nc S mol C2H5OH l S mol H2O l B. 224 lt D. 228,98 lt B. 1 C. 3 D. 2 (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi B)

920.0,8 = 16 mol 46

80 = 4,444 mol 18
C2H5ONa + 1/2 H2 8 mol + Na NaOH + 1/2 H2 2,222 mol

Khi tc dng vi Na xy ra cc phn ng C2H5OH + Na 16 mol H2O 4,444 mol

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

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Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

Th tch kh H2 thu c (ktc) : (8 + 2,222). 22,4 = 228,98 lt 27. Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l: A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, Na B. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH C. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH D. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi B) p n C Lu : Phenol khng tc dng trc tip vi axit hu c (xem li l thuyt) nn khng chn D 28. Chn phn ng ng nht sau y chng minh phenol l axit yu: A. C6H5OH + Na B. C6H5OH + Na2CO3 C. C6H5OH + NaOH D. C6H5ONa + H2O + CO2 p n D Phn ng C6H5ONa + H2O + CO2 C6H5OH + NaHCO3 chng t phenol c tnh axit yu hn c axit cacbonic (H2O + CO2) vn l 1 axit yu. 29 Clo ha PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t clo p vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l: A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3 (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi A) p n D S Clo ho : C: %mCl = [-CH2-CHCl-]n + xCl [-CH2-CHCl-]nClx

35,5.(n + x) n . 100 = 63,96% = 3 = k. 27 n + 35,5.(n + x ) x

30 Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6 (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi B) p n D Hng dn: t R = C17H35- ; R = C17H31- ;
CH2 OCOR CH OCOR CH2 OCOR CH2 OCOR' CH OCOR' CH2 OCOR CH2 OCOR' CH OCOR CH2 OCOR CH2 OCOR' CH OCOR CH2 OCOR' CH2 OCOR CH OCOR' CH2 OCOR CH2 OCOR' CH OCOR' CH2 OCOR'

C. bi trc nghim t gii 1. Theo danh php IUPAC, hp cht CH3CHOHCH 2CH2C(CH3)3 c tn gi

A. 5,5-imetylhexan-2-ol B. 5,5-imetylpentan-2-ol C. 2,2-imetylhexan-5-ol D. 2,2-imetylpentan-5-ol.

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

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Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

2. Cng thc no di y ng vi tn gi ancol isobutylic? A. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH B. (CH3)2CHCH 2OH

C. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3

D. (CH3)3COH

3. un nng 1,91gam hn hp A gm propyl clorua v phenylclorua vi dung dch NaOH c, va , sau thm tip dung dch AgNO 3 n d vo hn hp sau phn ng thu c 2,87g kt tA. Khi lng phenylclorua c trong hn hp A l: A. 0,77g B. 1,125g C. 1,54g D. 2,25g 4. Mt dn xut hirocacbon mch h cha 56,8 % clo. Bit rng 0,01 mol cht ny lm mt mu dung dch c 1,6 gam brom trong bng ti. Cng thc n gin nht ca dn xut l A. C2H3Cl B. C3H5Cl C. C4H7Cl C. Ancol cha no D. CH3OH D. C4H6Cl2 5. t chy mt ancol c s mol nc gp i s mol CO2. Ancol cho l A. Ancol no, n chc B. Ancol a chc

6. Cho cc cht:CH2=CHCl (1), CH3CH2Cl (2),CH 2=CHCH 2Cl (3),CH3CHClCH3 (4) Kh nng phn ng vi AgNO3 /NH3 tng dn theo th t A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) C. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1) 7. B. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) D. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4)

So snh linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc cht: CH3OH; C2H5OH; H2O; C6H5OH; C6H5 (NO2)3OH

A. CH3OH < C2H5OH < H2O < C6H5OH <C6H5 (NO2)3OH. B. CH3OH < C2H5OH <C6H5 (NO2)3OH< H2O < C6H5OH. C. C2H5OH <CH3OH < H2O < C6H5OH< C6H5 (NO2)3OH. D. C6H5 (NO2)3OH< C6H5OH < H2O < CH3OH < C2H5OH
8. Cho hn hp Z gm 2 ru CxH2x+2O v CyH2yO bit x+y = 6 v x y 1, CTPT ca 2 ru l: A. C3H8O v C5H10O C. C2H6O v C4H8O B. CH4O v C3H6O D. C4H10O v C6H12O

9. Khi un 1 ancol vi H2SO4 c 170oC thu c 3 anken c cng CTPT l C6H12. Hiro ha 3 anken u thu 2-metylpentan. CTCT ca ancol:

A.

(CH3)2 CH

CH2

CH OH

CH3

B.

(CH3)2 CH

CH OH

CH2

CH3

C. (CH3)2CHCH 2 CH2 CH2OH D. A hoc B. 10. Mt hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c M=236. Bit X l sn phm chnh trong phn ng gia benzen v brom vi xc tc Fe. X l: A. o- hoc p-ibrombenzen C. m-ibrombenzen Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng B. o- hoc m-ibrombenzen D. 1,3,5-tribrombenzen

14

Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

11. X l ng phn ng vi CTPT l C6H13Br. Bit khi un nng X vi dung dch kim/etanol th thu c 3 anken (tnh c ng phn hnh hc) v cc anken cng nc (xc tc axit) thu c sn phm chnh khng b oxi ha bi CuO. Tn gi ca X l: A. 1-bromhexan C. 2-bromhexan B. 3-brom-3-metylpentan D. 2-brom-2,3-imetylbutan

12. Trong cc cht sau, cht no tc dng c vi Cu(OH) 2 to dung dch mu xanh lam A. Butan-1-ol C. Propan-1,3-iol B. Glixerol D. C B v C

13 A, B l hp cht thm c cng cng thc phn t C7H8O. A tc dng c vi Na, NaOH, B khng tc dng c vi Na v NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca A, B ln lt l: A. C6H5CH2OH v C6H5OCH3 C. C6H5OCH3 v C6H5CH2OH B. HOC6H4CH3 v C6H5OCH3 D. HOC6H4CH3 v C6H5CH2OH

14 Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C4H10O to thnh 3 anken l ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. (CH3)3COH C. CH3OCH2CH2CH3 B. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH D. CH3CH(OH)CH 2CH3 (Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi A) 15. B l mt ancol c cha mt lin kt i trong phn t, khi lng phn t ca B nh hn 60 u. B l: A. CH2=CH CH2 OH C. CH2=CH(OH) CH3 A. 2 B. 3
H2SO4c 170oC

B. CH2=CH-OH D. CH2(OH)=CH CH3 C. 4

+ HBr

16. C bao nhiu ng phn C5H12O b oxi ha thnh anehit? D. 5

H2SO4c 170oC dd KMnO4 lnh

17. Cho s bin ha sau:

butan-1-ol A B +NaOH D E F

Cho bit B, E l sn phm chnh. A, B, D, E ln lt l:

A. CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH Br CH3 CH OH B CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ; CH2 Br CH3 ; CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH CH CH3 CH2 CH3 ;

CH3

CH OH

CH2

CH

CH

CH3

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

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Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

C CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ; CH2 Br CH3 ; CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 ;

CH2 OH D.

CH2

CH2

CH

CH

CH3

CH3

CH

CH

CH3 ; CH3

CH Br

CH2

CH3 ;

CH3

CH OH

CH2

CH3 ; CH3

CH

CH

CH3

18. Dng 1 ha cht duy nht hy phn bit dung dch phenol v ru benzylic. A. NaHCO3 B. Na C. dung dch brom D. H2O 19. Khi phn tch cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) th c m C + mH = 3,5 mO. Ly hai ancol n chc X,Y em un nng vi H2SO4 c 1400C th thu c A. Bit A, X, Y c cu to mch h. Cng thc cu to cu A, X, Y ln lt l A. CH3-O-CH=CH-CH3; CH3OH, CH2=CH-CH2OH B. CH3-O-CH2-CH=CH 2; CH3OH, CH2=CH-CH2OH C. C2H5-O-CH=CH 2; C2H5OH, CH2=CH-OH D. CH3-O-CH2-CH3; CH3OH, CH3-CH2OH 20. 0,1 mol ancol X tc dng vi natri d to ra 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc t chy X sinh ra CO2 v H2O theo t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Tn gi ca ancol X l A. ancol propan-1-ol C. ancol propan-1,2-iol B. ancol propan-2-ol D. ancol propan-1,2,3-triol (glixerol)

21. T mt ancol no n chc A, oxi ha bng oxi khng kh c xc tc Cu, ngi ta iu ch c mt cht lng B d bay hi v khng tc dng vi natri. Phn tch B cho thy t l v khi lng cc nguyn t l mC : mH : mO = 12 : 2 : 4. Cng thc cu to ca ancol A l A. CH3OH C. CH3-CHOH-CH3 B. C2H5OH D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH

22. Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. 23. Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2. B. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH. C. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO. (Trch thi tuyn sinh C khi A- nm 2007) 24. t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

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Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

A. C3H8O3. C. C3H8O2. p n trc nghim t gii 1. A 7. C 13. D 19. B 2. B 8. C 14. D 20. D 3. B 9. B 15. A 21. D 4. A 10. A 16. C 22. A 5. D 11. B 17. A 23. C 6. C 12. B 18. C 24. D B. C3H4O. D. C3H8O. (Trch thi tuyn sinh C khi A- nm 2007)

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

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Dnh cho hc sinh yu thch mn Ho hc

Tp ch Ho hc v ng dng

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