Vernacular architecture constantly changed over time to reflect society and technology.

It was often embellished with popular architectural elements. It should be remembered that it took great skill to not only harvest and produce building materials, but also to create lasting structures that were both functional and aesthetically pleasing. As simple as it may sound, vernacular builders aimed to stay warm in the winter and cool in the summer while also creating a distinctive home. Vernacular architecture is the most widespread form of building in India, constructed through traditional building methods by local builders without using the services of a professional architect. Vernacular architecture has been built by different civilizations in their own styles based on the local conditions. In India they comprise different categories from mud-plastered to reed-thatched to timber-framed in accordance with the availability of local material. Skillful craftsmanship of the local people has helped vernacular architecture in India evolve organically over time. Some houses are built to withstand earthquakes, while others can be rebuilt quickly if washed away by heavy monsoon rains.
Materials used

In areas where there are limitations of building material, natural materials such a mud, grass, bamboo, thatch or sticks are used for semi-permanent structures which require constant maintenance and replacement. The advantages of such architecture are the construction materials are cheap and easily available and relatively little labor is required. As the needs and resources of the people change, vernacular architecture evolve to include more durable materials such as stones, clay tiles, metals etc. Though they are more expensive to build, they are very durable structures.
Climate has a major influence

Climate has a major influence on vernacular architecture. High thermal mass or significant amounts of insulation characterize buildings in cold climates. Lighter materials are used to construct buildings in warm climates and designed for sufficient cross-ventilation through openings in the fabric of the building. In areas which have high levels of rainfall, flat roofs are avoided. Similarly, areas with strong winds make dwellings in such a way that they can withstand the wind pressure. Specializations of this nature are not designed by professional architects, but learnt by trial and error by local residents. Some constructions have been made long before scientific theories which explain why they work evolved.

INTRODUCTIONVernacular architecture concepts where developed and used through the centuries by many civilizations across the world through trial and error, hence architectural styles are different and based on the local conditions. Vernacular architecture around the world is impressively rich with indigenous techniques early ancient people used to protect themselves from the diverse weather conditions they were subjected to. These early dwellers survived by sheltering themselves in the traditional buildings, which have been experimented on through the ages. In vernacular architecture, not only the climatic problems were resolved, but also the aesthetics, physical and social functions of the dwelling is considered this is why the designs are so different across India. Generations after generation, the dwellings provided comfortable life conditions as a result of the great architectural experience.
(Very good examples can be drawn from the cross section of Africa that is fromnorthern part of Africa, Libya to the southern part of Africa, South Africa. The designor structure of these early dwellings or settlements was determined by things likeclimate, culture, environment and materials. Their dwellings seemed to live inharmony with their surroundings, other words they were sustainable. )

Architects are responsible for most modern construction and can be considered to be the people responsible for the enormous consumption by the building industry of the very scarce energy resources available. More and more architects are becoming aware of this big problem and are advancing the concept of "green" and sustainable design. The architectural community has had a strong and continuing interest in vernacular architecture. This has been rekindled by the need to design an architecture that works well with climate and environment, rather than against, hence the need to create more sustainable buildings. This awareness means that the new designs and any refurbishment have to be sustainable. Vernacular architecture in the past produced a built environment

which met people's needs without deteriorating the environment. here we will discusses the concept of how we can use vernacular architecture , its materials and techniques so that we can adapt these in current and future designs.

ABSTARCTVernacular Architecture is increasingly becoming a subject of major interest not only to architecture theorists, but also to designers and technologists for very many good reasons. It has now become very apparent, that although technological advancement brings modern civilization to our communities, it also accelerates the disappearance not only the style of life which has been developed over a span of many centuries, but also the very veins of cultural identity which are so vital for the survival of any society. The onslaught of modern technology has robbed our communities of the construction skills and environmentally sensitive design of their dwellings. Modern Architecture is becoming more and more environmentally unfriendly not only to people, but also to the surrounding natural environment, including the excessive use of energy in cooling buildings. That is why we have to revert back to vernacular architecture to see how we can be salvage the vernacular principles and use them in sustainable architecture. There has been a turn around after years of environmentally unfriendly materials and bad architecture to sustainable building materials and construction methods

NEED OF STUDYToday, the web of modernization has trapped people. They have long forgotten their traditions . Due to this the buildings today have started losing their local identity. Thus the need is to revive the minds and ideology of the people and take them back to their originality, their roots. It is to make them aware of their rich cultural heritage and its relevance and importance today. The basic idea is to understand the values of vernacular architecture and to define its role in contemporary architecture. This is because whatever has been used for a long period of time and is well tried and suited to the environmental conditions of the place.

concept-promototion of tourism,satisfaction of tourist theme-extractng vernaculr in 21st centry

AIMto find ways of redefining and adapting vernacular design methods and materials to current and future design to achieve low cost /cost efficiency

In reference to vernacular architecture of coastal region how it has developed and what determines the vernacular architecture in these areas. Will examine how vernacular architecture has developed over the years and how modern sustainable design has adopted elements of vernacular architecture. The aim of this research is also to explore and evaluate the architectural design elements that can be adopted from the vernacular architecture and seek solutions from traditional architecture, in order to come up with cheaper and better ways of providing good standard sustainable buildings and spaces for rural areas and cities. need of study justification consistent climatic condnts locally availble material can b simply used without modifying lesser skills needed adaptations

Our ancestors have survived, sheltering themselves in the traditional buildings which has been experimented through the ages. The people living in colder climates, have heated themselves burning wood or organic disposals. The people living on warm and humid climates have well utilized the air currents for minimizing the affects of humidity. The people living in the hot dry climates have faced other problems; the big temperature differences between day and night, and very low humidity. What they have in common is, they all have picked up the right forms, using the local building material, they have overcome the negative impacts of the climatic conditions. In vernacular architecture, not only the climatic problems were solved, but also the aesthetics, physical and social functionality were considered. For generations, they had provided comfortable life conditions and microclimates as a result of the great architectural experience.

Even there is a big technological achievement, it is stil quite not possible to have the same comfort quality in the modern settlements

as in the traditional ones. Life styles are not reflected to the built environment and building shells are formed regardless to the climatic conditions, and most of the contemporary buildings are not integrated with the nature and the environment. But the purpose of all the different disciplines contributing to the building industry is the comfort of the people. In summary, the vernacular architectures in Anatolia, have design features coping up well with the natural environment. The houses tell us about their geographic location, winds, elevations, precipitation, natural environment, the profession of the owner, and the local culture. The eveluation criteria is totally overlapping with todays ecological design concept. In this context, you can ask whether the building experince carried out through the generations can contribute as much as the scientific knowledge to solve the ecological problems.