Chapter 13 Essential Questions and Key Terms

LOOKING WESTWARD (340-346)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Explain the philosophy of "Manifest Destiny." What forces created this concept? What was the "empire of liberty?" How was it achieved? What doubts were raised by its desirability? Why did the Mexican government initially allow American colonization of Texas? Who were the Tejanos? What role did they play in the Texas War for Independence? What were the characteristics of western migration in the 1840s-1850s? What problems did settlers migrating westward during the antebellum period face? How were these problems overcome?

EXPANSION AND WAR (346-351)

1. Where did the Oregon Trail begin and end? Who were the overlanders who used the Trail to
migrate West? Why did Clay and Van Buren wish to avoid taking a stand on the question of the annexation of Texas? What effect did this have on their efforts to be nominated by their party? 3. How did Van Buren's position on Texas help the candidacy of James K. Polk? How did Polk's campaign catch the spirit of the time? 4. What effect did Clay's position on Texas have on his campaign? 5. How did James K. Polk's campaign catch the spirit of time? Why was he called "Little Hickory?" 6. What were the goals of President Polk? How did he resolve the Oregon question? 7. How did American interest in California develop? 8. What were the origins of the Slidell mission? What was its goal, what did it accomplish, and what was Polks reaction to it? 9. On what grounds did Polk ask Congress to declare war on Mexico? 10. On what grounds was Polks call for war criticized? 11. What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago? 2.

THE SECTIONAL DEBATE (351-355)

1. 2. What was the Wilmot Proviso? What arguments were advanced in its favor? Identify the South's arguments against the Wilmot Proviso. On what points did they differ from the arguments given by the North? 3. What compromises were proposed to settle the issues raised by the Wilmot Proviso? 4. What part did the issue of slavery in the territories play in the election of 1844? 5. What problems faced President Zachary Taylor when he took office? How did propose to solve them? What action did Congress take? 6. How did the South react to President Taylor's program? 7. What was the Compromise of 1850? How was it passed? 8. How did the 1850 Compromise negate the Missouri Compromise of 1820? 9. Identify the "younger" politicians who emerged after 1850. How did they differ from the leaders they replaced? 10. How did the Compromise of 1850 differ from the Missouri Compromise? Why did both compromises fail to contain the growing conflict between the North and South.

THE CRISES OF THE 1850S (355-365)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. How did the political parties react to the Compromise of 1850? How did the sections of the country react? What was the "Young America" movement? What national sentiment did it reflect? Who were its spokespersons and what did it accomplish? How was it that American foreign policy objectives in the 1850s began to reflect the growing sectional divisions in the country? Why did the issue of a transcontinental railroad help to reopen the sectional controversy? Identify the candidates, the issues, and the results of the presidential election of 1852. List the provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and explain its impact on sectionalism. What effect did it have on the Whigs? on the Democrats? How did the North react to the Kansas-Nebraska Act? the South? What effect did it have on the Whigs? on the Democrats? Who were the new Republicans? Which groups comprised this party? What was its platform?

Key Terms 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. John L. Sullivan penny press Antonio de Santa Ana San Jacinto Oregon Trail 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Forty-Niners William H. Seward Millard Fillmore omnibus bill Franklin Pierce

6. re-occupation and re-annexation 7. Fifty-four forty or fight 8. John C. Fremont 9. Zachary Taylor 10. Stephen Kearny 11. General Winfield Scott 12. Nicholas Trist 13. all Mexico 14. Lewis Cass
15. Free-Soil Party

21. Ostend Manifesto 22. Gasden Purchase 23. Pottawatomie Massacre 24. The Crime Against Kansas 25. Preston Brooks 26. slave power conspiracy 27. positive good thesis 28. John C. Breckenridge 29. John Bell