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PHN TCH H THNG: M hnh lung(dng) d liu

Cc khi nim

Thit k mc khi nim(Conceptual design)

M hnh d liu (Data models) M hnh chc nng(Functional Models) L k thut t chc v h thng d liu trn ti liu.(organizing and documenting system's data) nh ra cu trc ca cc chc nng qun l gip cho h thng qun l thc hin cc ng dng qun l
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M hnh d liu(Data models):

M hnh chc nng(Functional Models)

Cc khi nim

M hnh x l:is a technique for organizing and documenting a system's processes, inputs, outputs and data stores. M hnh x l phn mm l mt m t tru tng ca cc qu trnh x l. Cc m hnh h thng l tp cc chc nng tng tccung cp cc chc nng x l.

M hnh x l (DFD)

DFD(Data flow diagram- m hnh lung d liu) l mt trong nhng cng c hu hiu ca giai on phn tch(is one of the tools used in the analysis phase). S dng DFD biu din mt cch linh hot cc thc th ngoi, cc chc nng, lung d liu v cc kho d liu (p74)

M hnh x l (DFD) -Cc khi nim

DFD lun l(logic) din t h thng lm g m khng din t iu lm nh th no, tp trung vo cc hot ng ca doanh nghip m khng tp trung vo h thng s to dng ra sao. DFD vt l (physical) din t h thng s c thc hin nh th no, trong cp n phn cng, phn mm, tp tin v con ngi.
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M hnh x l (DFD) Cng dng

DFD: din t hot ng ca h thng hin hnh (da trn xc nh yu cu) DFD: l phng tin trao i gia ngi phn tch v ngi s dng DFD: xy dng ti liu c t thit k x l.

M hnh x l (DFD) Cc k hiu

Process

Data flow Data store

External Entity
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M hnh x l (DFD) -Cc khi nim

Modules:
Mt h thng ln (large system) bao gm cc h thng con(subsystems) c lp(independent) m c th kt ni vi nhau. Phn chia modules ph thuc vo:

Size Shared use

M hnh x l (DFD) - Process

Processes:

T chc tp cc hot ng chuyn t u vo thnh u ra

Phn tch yu cu Thit k kin trc Tch hp h thng Tn h thng Tn h thng con Mt ng t ///xem thm p76
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Mi process phi c t tn theo dng:

M hnh x l (DFD) Data Flow

Data flows : l thnh phn th hin mu d liu ra/vo ca x l (represents the input (or output) of data to (or
from) a process ("data in motion")).

Data flows: ch l d liu (only data), khng l iu khin (not control). u mi tn ch im n ca d liu. Data flows:

Phi bt u hay kt thc mt process. T kho d liu n x l hay ngc li T tc nhn ngoi n x l hay ngc li

Mi dng d liu phi c mt tn duy nht bng danh t th hin phn t d liu hay cu trc d liu
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M hnh x l (DFD) Data Store

Data store(Kho d liu): l ni cha d liu, l cc bng c xc nh trong qu trnh phn tch thit k d liu (an "inventory" of data ). Dng d liu hng v kho d liu dng din t hot ng: thm, sa hay xa d liu. Dng d liu ri kho d liu: din t hot ng c d liu trong kho.

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M hnh x l (DFD) External Entities

Tc nhn ngoi(External Entities) : l thnh phn nm ngoi h thng c quan h cung cp hay nhn d liu t thnh phn x l. Mi tc nhn phi c t tn bng danh t.

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V d: gi s vn qun l n hng c m hnh ER sau:

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Vi m hnh qun l trn, gi s c form nhp liu i din cho thnh phn x l ca vic thm mi mt n hng c dng:

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Logic hot ng ca thnh phn x l thm mi n hng c din t bng cc s DFD cp 0 nh hnh:

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Logic hot ng ca thnh phn x l thm mi n hng c din t bng cc s DFD cp 1:

Khch hng M khch hng Ngy n hng D2 Khach hang 1.1 Kim tra m khch hng M khch hng D3 n hang D4 Dong n hang 1.3 To s n hng S n hng 1.4 nhp chi tit n hng
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Tn khch hng+ a ch+ S in thoi 1.2 Thm khch hng D1 Mat hang

n hng M hng + s lng

M khch hng mi M khch hng

Cc cp ca s DFD

DFD din t h thng t tng qut n chi tit S mc chi tit c phn r t mc tng qut hn:

DFD ng cnh DFD cp 0 DFD cp con (1,2,3,.)

Mi s DFD cha ti a 9 x l
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Cc cp ca s DFD

Mi x l ca DFD c trn 4 dng d liu vo ra phi c phn r thnh s DFD con. x l khng th phn r phi c thit k x l chi tit bng cc cu lnh, s thut gii, bng quyt nh, cy quyt nh

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DFD ng cnh (context diagram)

Din t ton b h thng bng mt x l DFD ng cnh l s mc tng qut nht DFD ng cnh xc nh phm vi ca h thng DFD ng cnh khng c kho d liu

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DFD ng cnh (context diagram)- V d

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DFD cp 0 (level 0-DFD)

Gm cc x l p ng li cc s kin c pht sinh t cc tc nhn ngoi h thng DFD cp 0 chnh l s phn r t x l ca s ng cnh DFD cp 0 phi din t tt c cc kho d liu v dng d liu vo ra c lin quan n x l.
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DFD cp 0 (level 0-DFD)- V d

3 Thng tin v khch hng Cap nhat mat hang D2 n hng Khach hang Thng tin v khch hng+ hng mua Thong tin mat hang 1 Thm n hng D3 D4 2 BO PHAN QUAN LY Cap nhat mat hang D3 4 Ch tiu bo co Bo co tr gi hng bng To bo co tr gi hng bn D4 Dong n hang n hang D1 n hang Dong n hang Mat hang Khach hang

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DFD cp con

Hnh thnh t vic phn r (decomposition ) x l c trn 4 dng d liu vo ra. Dng d liu vo ra ca s phi cn bng (balancing) vi dng d liu ca x l c phn r.

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DFD cp con- v d
n hng S n hng Khch hng M hng hay enter 1.4.1 enter Tm m t, vt, n gi ca mt hng M hng+ n gi S lng S n hng

D2 D3

Khach hang n hang

1.4.3 To n hng

1.4.2 Tnh stt, thnh tin, tng cng

D1 Mat hang D4 Dong n hang

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DFD- Cc qui tc khi v

Process(o x ly)

Phai chuyen o x ly ch co mot dong d lieu i ra thanh tac nhan cung cap d lieu. Phai chuyen o x ly ch co mot dong d lieu i vao thanh tac nhan nhan d lieu. Dung ong t e at ten cho o x ly. Dong d lieu khong the la cau noi gia hai kho d lieu. Dong d lieu khong the la cau noi gia tac nhan va kho d lieu. Dung danh t e at ten cho kho d lieu.
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Data store(kho d lieu)

DFD- Cc qui tc khi v

External Entities(tac nhan)

Dong d lieu khong the la cau noi gia hai tac nhan Dung danh t e at ten cho tac nhan. Dong d lieu khong the la cau noi cua mot x ly. Dong d lieu vao kho d lieu mang y ngha cap nhat (them, sa, xoa) Dong d lieu ra khoi kho d lieu mang y ngha tham khao. Dung danh t e at ten cho dong d lieu.
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Data flows(dong d lieu)

DFD- Cc qui tc khi v

Cac ky hieu lap lai:

e tranh cac dong d lieu giao nhau, tren s o DFD, ta co the lap lai cac kho d lieu, cac tac nhan

Cac phan t lap lai nay c anh dau bang cach ve them ng ke oi doc cho kho d lieu va ng ke cheo cho tac nhan .

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Cc quy tc khi v

Mt qu trnh phi lun c lung d liu vo v ra Khng cn c mt lung d liu (m khng c s bin i) lin kt vi mt qu trnh (v hot ng nh vy l v gi tr) Cc qu trnh cha v cc qu trnh con tng ng ca n phi c cc lung d liu vo ra ging nhau (nhng cc qu trnh con c th c lung d liu ca ring n) Cc lung d liu khng th t phn tch c Mt gi d liu c th gm nhiu phn t d liu c truyn i ng thi ti cng mt ch Khng c s dng mi tn hai chiu v lung vo (cp nht) v lung ra (trch thng tin) ca mt kho d liu mang ni dung thng tin khc nhau

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