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Zn2+
Cu2+
Hg22+ Ag+
Zn
Hg
t
VD: Fe2O3+3CO
2Fe+ 3CO2
=> Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi c hot ng trung bnh ( sau Al )
+ Phng php thy luyn: Dng kim loi t do c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi trong dung dch mui.
VD: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
=> Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi hot ng yu (sau H )
+ Phng php in phn:
* in phn hp cht nng chy: Dng dng in kh ion kim loi trong hp cht nng chy (oxit, hidroxit,
mui halogen)
dpnc
dpnc
4Na + O
Vd1: 2Al2O3
4Al + 3O2
Vd2: 4NaOH
=> Phng php ny dng iu ch kim loi c hot ng mnh (t u n Al)
* in phn dung dch: Dng dng in kh ion trong dung dch mui.
+ 2H2O
dpdd
dpdd
Vd1: CuCl2
Cu + Cl2
Vd2: CuSO4 + H2O
Cu + 1/2O2+ H2SO4
=> Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi trung bnh, yu (sau Al).
* Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc: m=AIt/n.F
m: Khi lng cht thot ra in cc (gam)
A: Khi lng mol ca cht
n: S electron trao i.
V d: Cu2+ + 2e Cu th n = 2 v A = 64
2OH- O2 + 2H+ + 4e th n = 4 v A = 32.t: Thi gian
in phn (giy, s)
I: Cng dng in (ampe, A)
F: S Faraday (F = 96500).
VD: pdd AgNO3 vi cng dng in l 1,5A, thi gian 30 pht. Khi lng Ag thu c l:
A. 6,00g
B. 3,02g
C. 1,50g
D. 0,05g
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
C. CU HI VN DNG
Cu 1 S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l ?
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Cu 2 S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IA l ?
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Cu 3 Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IA l ?
A. R2O3.
B. RO2.
C. R2O.
D. RO.
Cu 4 Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IIA l ?
A. R2O3.
B. RO2.
C. R2O.
D. RO.
Cu 5 Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z =11) l ?
A. 1s22s2 2p6 3s2.
B. 1s22s2 2p6.
C. 1s22s22p63s1.
D. 1s22s22p6 3s23p1.
1
CaO
2
CuO
3
Al2O3
4
Fe2O3
5
Na2O
ng no c phn ng xy ra:
A. ng 1, 2, 3.
B. ng 2, 3, 4.
C. ng 2, 4, 5.
CC DNG BI TP PHN I CNG KIM LOI
D. ng 2, 4.