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090.6561078
TruongHaXuan@gmail.com
Tai Lieu Suu Tam
P DNG
PSS/ADEPT 5.0
TRONG
LI IN PHN PHI
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Ti liu tp hun
H HI THNG 10 NM 2007
P DNG
PSS/ADEPT 5.0
TRONG
LI IN PHN PHI
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Phn 1
Kin thc chun b
H HI THNG 10 NM 2007
Ha Xuan Truong
Phone : 090.656.1078
Email : TruongHaXuan@gmail.com
p dng
PSS-ADEPT 5.0
trong li in phn phi
Bin son-Trnh by:
Nguyn Hu Phc
ng Anh Tun
Nguyn Tng Linh
Ch bin:
PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Phc
Li ni u
K hoch pht trin ca Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam trc y nay l
Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) n nm 2010 l thch thc ln cho EVN
trong vic qun l hiu qu h thng li in hin ti, va phi m rng pht
trin. Trong vng 5 nm ti, EVN d tnh s xy lp thm 280.000 km ng dy
in phn phi, 14.000 km Truyn ti, 5.000 trm bin p mi; tng gp i s
lng thit b Vin thng, nhm p ng c vic tng 360% nhu cu ph ti
trong nc. Tc tng trng ny a ra nhu cu thng tin cp bch v cng
tc vn hnh h thng in hin c, v v cc d n mi i vi cc nh qun l
ca EVN. T ng ha thng tin s y mnh cng sut cc nh my in, nng
cao chnh xc, v gim thiu nhn cng trong cc quy trnh. EVN cam kt
thc hin nhng d n cung cp thng tin cho vic a ra cc quyt nh tt hn.
Nhng d n ny bao gm: H thng Thng tin Qun l Ti chnh (FMIS), H
thng Thng tin chm sc Khch hng (CCIS), H thng Thng tin a l (GIS)
v trin khai p dng cc phn mm phn tch tnh ton li in.
V vic p dng cc phn mm phn tch v tnh ton li in, t nm 2004
EVN ch o p dng cc phn mm chuyn ngnh tnh ton li in cho
tt c cc n v trc thuc.
Trong cc phn mm tnh ton v phn tch li in hin nay, c nhiu
phn mm phn tch tnh ton nh: Phn b cng sut, ngn mch, t t b ti
u, phi hp bo v.v.vVi cc sn phm thng mi nh: APEN Oneliner, h
PSS/*, CYME, EMTP, VPro.v.vCc phn mm ny c thut ton phc tp v
thng phi qua tp hun mi s dng c. Phn mm PSS/ADEPT ca Shaw
Power Technologics, Inc c s dng rt ph bin.
Chng ti c bit Trng i hc in lc H Ni l trng i hc o
to ngun nhn lc cht lng cao v ch yu cho EVN. Trng i hc in
lc H Ni lun hng n vic y mnh cc nghin cu trin khai nhm gip
cho sinh vin ca trng nm vng nhng kin thc c bn v c k nng thc
hnh trong cc lnh vc cng tc chuyn mn ni chung v p dng cc phn
mm chuyn ngnh tin tin ni ring. Hin nay, trngang trin khai nhiu
chng trnh o to nhm trang b kin thc v k nng s dng phn mm
chuyn ngnh in cho EVN.
Vi vic o to p dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT, cc sinh vin v k s
in sau khi hc xong cc kho hc c th m nhn c vic khai thc v qun
l trc tip cc h thng li in phn phi v c th lm tt cng tc qun l
I
nghin cu, c kh nng thch ng trc s pht trin ca khoa hc, k thut v
gii quyt nhng vn thuc chuyn ngnh in trong qu trnh p dng cc
phn mm cng chc nng.
Hn na, do li in khng ngng pht trin m rng, theo cc yu cu
cung cp in lin tc cho khch hng vi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao
cng gia tng. Thit b trn li in phn phi hin nay vn c c im l a
dng v chng loi, phc tp v cu to. Qu trnh vn hnh nhm thc hin
nhng thao tc mang tnh lp i lp li nhiu ln nhng li i hi chnh xc
cao v vy rt cn thit phi t ng ha bng cch a nhiu thit b t ng, x
l thng tin t ng nhm tng kh nng truyn t v x l thng tin. Bng my
tnh v cc phn mm chuyn dng chng ta c th ngn chn trc v hn ch
hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh li in. Nhng thnh tu mi v Cng ngh
Thng tin nh v kh nng lu tr ca phn cng, tc tnh ton, cc phng
php h chuyn gia, mng neuron, cung cp nhng phng tin v cng c
mnh tng cng nghin cu m rng ng dng trong lnh vc in nng.
m bo v gi vng mi lin h hu c ca cc thnh phn trong h thng sn
xut truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in nng.
Trng i hc in lc H Ni phi hp cng Khoa in-in t
trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh nghin cu p dng phn
mm ny. Trng i hc in lc H Ni thc hin tp hun cho cc n v
trc thuc nhm trang b kh nng s dng phn mm chun tnh ton v phn
tch li in da trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT. iu ny, nhm gip cc n v
in lc tham d tng bc h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng tnh ton
v in trong cc hot ng ca mnh nht l cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh
li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn mch, b
cng sut phn khng, tin cy.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn
tch li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa
v phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao
din ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power
Technologies cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b
sung v cp nht y cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Trng i hc in lc H Ni s trang b kin thc Cng ngh Thng tin
ni chung v phn mm tnh ton k thut chuyn ngnh in ni ring cho cc
n vi tham d kho hc. Trng i hc in lc H Ni thng qua cc kho
II
III
Tm tt ni dung
Gio trnh ny c bin son phc v cho cc bui tp hun s dng phn
mm phn tch v tnh ton li in PSS/ADEPT 5.0. Gio trnh gm cc phn:
Phn 1: Kin thc chun b yu cu-n tp kin thc
Phn 2: Hng dn s dng PSS/ADEPT
Phn 3: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT
Ngoi ra cn c Gio trnh in t lu tr trn a CD-ROM: Gm cc ti
liu a phng tin (Multimedia) h tr thm cho cc hc vin chun b bi hc
trc khi ln lp, n tp sau kha hc v a phng cng tc.
Cc chng trnh chuyn i:
1. Chng trnh Chuyn Excel DAT File.
2. Chng trnh Chuyn DAT File Excel.
3. Chng trnh x l s liu u vo
4. Chng trnh Tnh Cng Sut Ngun.
5. Chng trnh Tnh Tng Tr My Bin Th.
6. Chng trnh thi kt thc kho hc bng trc nghim trc tip trn my
tnh
V cc CD-ROM:
-CD1: Gio trnh in t h tr
-CD2: Cc bi ging v bi tp
-CD3: D liu li in
-CD4: D liu li in (tt) v source cc chng trnh h PSS/*
-CD5: Cc chng trnh h tr kho hc
Gm cc ti nguyn hc tp nh: ti liu tham kho, Users Guide, website
PTI (offline, xem khng cn kt ni internet), web documents, source software
PSS/ADEPT and untilities, cc phn mm chuyn i d liu v demo phc v
ng dng tnh ton bng PSS/ADEPT,
Qua kinh nghim tp hun v gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v in lc
p dng nhanh phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc
tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
IV
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
VI
Ch
Lin quan
V d, bi tp
Lu tp tin v d mu
D liu mu c sn trn CD-ROM/DATA
Ht chng !
VII
Ht chng
Mc lc tng qut
Phn Mt: Kin thc chun b
CHNG 1: M HNH LI IN
CHNG 2 PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 3: NGN MCH
CHNG 4: BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC NH IM DNG TI U
CHNG 5: PHI HP BO V
CHNG 6: SNG HI
CHNG 7: XC NH V TR B TI U
CHNG 8: NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 9: CC VN KHC CA LI IN PHN PHI
Phn Hai: Hng dn s dng phn mm
CHNG 1: HNG DN CI T PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
Phn Ba: K nng p dng
CHNG 1: D LIU CHUN B
CHNG 2: CC BC THC HIN
CHNG 3: MT S KT QU P DNG
CHNG 4: X L S LIU
CHNG 5: B SUNG THNG S DY DN VO T IN DY DN
CHNG 6: BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT QU TNH TON H TR
RA QUYT NH
CHNG 7: C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT S LI IN CA CC
IN LC KHU VC
VIII
Phn Mt
Kin thc chun b
01
III. Phng php tnh phn b cng sut ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 .... 44
III.1.1. Ngun .............................................................................................................. 45
III.1.2. Dy v cp ....................................................................................................... 45
III.1.3. My bin th .................................................................................................... 45
III.1.4. M hnh my in............................................................................................ 46
II. Phng php tnh ngn mch ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 ................. 57
II.1.1. Ngun................................................................................................................ 57
II.1.2. ung dy v cp ............................................................................................. 57
II.1.3. My bin p ...................................................................................................... 58
II.1.4. M hnh my in ............................................................................................. 58
II.1.5. M hnh ti tnh................................................................................................. 59
II. Phng php tnh sng hi ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 ................... 125
II.1. Phng php phn tch .......................................................................................... 125
II.1.1. Ti tnh ............................................................................................................ 125
II.1.2. ng c khng ng b.................................................................................. 127
II.1.3. ng c ng b............................................................................................. 128
II.1.4. T in mc shunt........................................................................................... 129
II.1.5. ng cy v cp ........................................................................................... 130
II.1.6. My bin p .................................................................................................... 132
II.2. Tnh ton sng hi.................................................................................................. 133
II.2.1. Tng dn v tng tr....................................................................................... 133
II.2.2. Tnh ton sng hi........................................................................................... 134
Ha Xuan Truong
Phone : 090.656.1078
Email : TruongHaXuan@gmail.com
CHNG 1:
M HNH LI IN
CHNG 1:
M HNH LI IN
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 l cng c hiu qu gip cho cc n v in lc
phn tch v tnh ton li in trn a bn qun l. Qa trnh p dng phn mm
cho thy, phn mm s dng rt tt cho cc qui trnh phn tch li in phn phi.
Chng u ca gio trnh tp trung gii thiu hai ch chnh l li in
phn phi v m hnh th hin cc phn t ca li in phn phi trong phn
mm. Phn kin thc v li phn phi tr nn rt quen thuc vi cc in lc
khu vc thuc cc Cng ty in lc, do vy c trnh by ngn gn. Phn m hnh
ho cc phn t li in c trnh by chi tit. Khi kin thc ny rt quan
trng, gip chng ta bc u tm hiu v qu trnh m hnh ho v li in trn
my tnh. m bo tnh chnh xc v mt ton hc trong qu trnh m phng khng
ch trn my tnh m cn th hin y cc tnh cht v in hc ca m hnh
phn t li in c m phng.
M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh ang l mt k thut c p dng
cho tt c cc ngnh khoa hc k thut v kinh t. Nu trc kia vic thit lp mt
m hnh, trin khai cc d ton, tnh ton thng k v trnh by s liu, i hi c
kin thc v ton ng dng nhiu, gii cc phng trnh vi phn, tnh cc tnh tch
phn, cc phng php thng k th hin nay vi s gip ca my tnh v nht l
cc ngn ng lp trnh bc cao (nh Matlab, Mapple), cc kin thc ton ny
tch hp hon ton trong cc hm v lnh ca cc ngn ng, to iu kin cho
ngi dng tip cn trc tip v tp trung vo vn mnh nghin cu m khng
phi dnh qu nhiu thi gian cho k thut lp trnh hay cng c ton l thuyt.
Hin nay c hai phng php m phng m hnh ha cc phn t trong k thut
m hnh ha bng my tnh. l m phng qua m hnh tnh ton v qua m hnh
ha trc quan. V phng php m phng qua m hnh tnh ton ch cho php
ngi dng thit k thnh nhng s n tuyn, thng dng trong cc phn mm
k thut, i hi ngi s dng c nhng hiu bit c bn v lnh vc h ang
nghin cu. i vi m phng qua m hnh ha trc quan th ngc li, phn
ln cc phn mm i theo hng ny tp trung vo tnh ph bin, d s dng cho
ngi dng. Tuy nhin, c hai phng php u c c im chung l ngi dng
ch cn tp trung su vo cc ni dung k thut v thut ton gii bi ton. iu
ny lm cho nhiu ngi khng c chuyn mn su v cng ngh thng tin c th
gii quyt nhng vn ca chuyn mn mnh bng my tnh.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT s dng phng php m phng qua m hnh tnh
ton. Cc phn t trn li in c m hnh ch nhng ngi lm vic trong
ngnh mi s dng uc. Ngi s dng ch cn hiu su v vn k thut v cc
thut ton v tnh ton phn b cng sut, ngn mch, b cng sut v.v..V l
th mnh ca cc phng php m phng thng qua cc m hnh bng my tnh.
I. Li in phn phi
Li h thng: Li h thng bao gm cc ng dy ti in v trm bin
p khu vc, ni lin cc nh my in to thnh h thng in, c cc c im:
- Li c nhiu mch vng kn khi ngt in bo qun ng dy hoc s
c l n 2 ng dy vn m bo lin lc h thng.
Vn hnh kn bo m lin lc thng xuyn v chc chn gia cc nh
my in vi nhau v vi ph ti.
- in p t l10 kV n 500 kV.
Li truyn ti: Li truyn ti lm nhim v ti in t cc trm khu vc
n cc trm trung gian (TTG). Cc c im ca li truyn ti:
- S kn c d phng: 2 l song song, c d phng li phn phi. Vn
hnh h v l do hn ch dng ngn mch. c thit b t ng ngun d tr khi s
c. in p 35, l10, 220 kV.
Thc hin bng ng dy trn khng l chnh, trong cc trng hp khng
th lm ng dy trn khng th dng cp ngm. Phi bo qun nh k hng nm.
Li phn phi: Li phn phi lm nhim v phn phi in nng t cc
trm trung gian (hoc TKV hoc thanh ci nh my in) cho cc ph ti.
+ Li phn phi gm 2 phn
- Li phn phi trung p c in p 6,10,15,22kV phn phi in cho cc
trm phn phi trung p / h p v cc ph ti trung p.
Li h p cp in cho cc ph ti h p 380/220 V.
i tng quan tm chnh ca gio trnh tp hun ny l li in phn phi,
sau y trnh by kin thc n tp v li in phn phi.
Hnh 1: S khi cp in p
Hnh 5: Trm h th
m bo cung cp in tiu th t gy ra mt in nht. Bng cc bin php c
th nh c th c nhiu ngun cung cp, c ng dy d phng, c ngun thay th
nh my pht
Li in phn phi vn hnh d dng linh hot v ph hp vi vic pht trin
li in trong tng lai.
m bo cht lng in nng cao nht v n nh tn s v n nh in
p. bin thin in p cho php l 5% Um
m bo chi ph duy tu, bo dng l nh nht.
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
My ct ng dy
pha s cp
Trm bin p
pha th cp
Cp truyn ti
10
11
My ct chnh
pha s cp
My ct phn on
52
My ct chnh
pha s cp
52
52
52
52
52
NC NO
NC
52
NC
Mch vng
NC NC
NO
NC
NC
NC
II.1. Nt
Tt c cc mi ni ca thit b c qui nh l nt. Mi nt trong m hnh
h thng PSS/ADEPT bao gm:
im trung tnh (nu c ni t)
Ba, hai, hay mt im ca pha A, B, v C
13
Hnh 8: M hnh nt
Mi im nt phi c t mt tn c t mt n tm k t. Tn ny c
th l s, s v ch, hay mt chui k t. Tn nt c th c t theo s nht
qun vi c s d liu ca ngi s dng. Tn nt khng c din dch v s
lng hay ch v mc ch bo co hay lit k danh sch d liu.Ngoi ra, th t
lit k cc nt c qui nh bng cch lit k chng mt cch tun t trong file d
liu th ba pha. Th t tn nt c lit k trong file s thc hin vic thit lp th
t tn nt lit k trong bo co, v nh hng n th t nhnh r trong bn s
topo v c gii thch trong phn k.
II.2. Ngun
Nhiu ngun c th c s dng cng lc trong PSS/ADEPT. Tuy nhin, h
thng phi c t mt ngun hot ng (chng hn, mt nt c bin in p th t
thun l hng s v gc l hng s). Ngun l tp hp cc ngun p ni sao cn
bng c ni t c nh ti im trung tnh. Ngun c tng tr sao cho n c
dng th t thun v khng.
Trong bi ton phn b cng sut, ngun c xem l c in p hng s
trong th t thun, b qua tng tr th t thun. Trong tnh ton khi ng ng c
v ngn mch, ngun c xem l c in p hng s sau khi nhp vo tng tr
trong th t thun. Tng tr th t nghch v khng c s dng cho tt c cc
tnh ton.
II.2.1. Nhiu ngun hot ng
V d khi ngi s dng PSS/ADEPT mun phn tch h thng c nhiu hn
mt mt ngun hot ng, chng hn, trong nghin cu k hoch phn phi. Mc
d PSS/ADEPT ch cho php mt ngun hot ng th c vi k thut m hnh h
thng c nhiu ngun hot ng.
14
15
II.3. Ph ti
Ph ti chnh l cc khch hng s dng in. C 2 loi: ph ti 1 pha v ph ti
3 pha v c biu din nh hnh 11 di y:
16
II.4. T b
Chng ta kho st t b ngang nh sau:
T b ngang dng gim st p trong mt vng xc nh bng cch pht
cng sut khng ln ng dy. Ngoi ra, b ngang cn lm tng kh nng truyn
ti trn li, gim tn tht cng sut v nng cao h s cng sut.
Cc t b ngang thng c lp t thnh cc gin t b v d dng trong vic
ng ct cc t khi vn hnh li in.
T b ngang 3 pha c 2 cch u ni l sao v tam gic Y. Trong trng hp
u Y, trung tnh c ni vi tr khng t Rg+jXg
II.5. ng dy
on dy chy gia hai nt. Mt on dy lun bao gm t nht mt dy pha.
N c th c mt, hai, hay ba dy pha. Mt on dy thng bao gm mt dy
trung tnh, nhng dy trung tnh c th khng c trong trng hp ca h thng
khng c ni t.
ng dy truyn ti c qui nh bng cc tng tr i xng th t thun
v khng, v bng cc gi tr np th t thun v khng. V vy, tnh bt i xng
ca ng dy truyn ti do v tr ca cc dy dn trn tr khng c th r rng i
vi PSS/ADEPT; ng hn l tt c cc ng dy c gi thit l c hon v
hay cc dy dn c t sao cho c th b qua s bt i xng.
17
Hnh 13 M hnh cc ng dy
II.6. My bin th
PSS/ADEPT c kh nng m hnh nhiu loi kt ni my bin th k c my
bin th lc, my bin th t ngu, b iu p v my bin th ba cun dy. Mt s
kt ni my bin th l c m hnh ngm trong PSS/ADEPT v c phn bit
bi m LOI my bin th nh c trong hnh 14. i vi mi loi kt ni c
minh ho, PSS/ADEPT chp nhn d liu tng tr th t thun v khng t T in
xy dng hay Tp tin d liu th v t ng s dng cc in p v dng in khi
gii bi ton kt ni my bin th. Ngi s dng c trch nhim qui nh tng tr
m c tng tr tht ca dy my bin th hp l trong cc kt ni c bit.
Cc kt ni my bin th m c th khng c m t trc tip bng mt
trong cc loi c cho trong hnh 14 thng c th c m hnh bng cch kt
hp ca cc m hnh tuyt i. Chng hn, m hnh mt dy my bin th ba pha,
cn thit phi nhn bit c cch m tng my bin th mt pha ring l c kt
18
19
n 2nom
n1
n1nom
trong
n1nom S ca cc vng dy cun s cp c in p h mch bng vi in
p c bn ca nt s cp vi thng lng nh mc trong my bin th.
n2nom S ca cc vng dy cun th cp c in p h mch bng vi
in p c bn ca nt th cp vi thng lng nh mc trong my bin th.
n1
n2
n1oc
n 2nom
n1nom
Trong
V1oc in p tng ng vi v tr nc iu p s cp vi thng lng nh
mc trong my bin th.
20
21
tng ng.
22
23
Hnh 16 M hnh b iu p
My bin th phn phi quy c c tng tr khong 2%. Ngha l, nu th cp ca my
bin th trn b ngt mch, tng tr ca my bin th khong chng 2% trn c s 250
kVA v in p nh mc 0.762 kV.
Nu my bin th c kt ni trong cu hnh t ng, ta c:
24
= 0.18%
250kVA
(8.38kV )2
Gi tr 0.0018 phi c nhp vo i vi khng th t thun (X1) trong PSS/ADEPT
m hnh b iu p ny. Gi thit rng b iu p c ni t c nh, khng th t
khng(X0) s c cng gi tr.
25
ZLH = Zl+Zh
ZLT = Zl+Zt
ZHT = Zh+Zt
Bi ton yu cu l:
Zl = (ZLH+ZLT-ZHT)/2
Zh = (ZLH+ZHT-ZLT)/2
Zt = (ZLT+ZHT-ZLH)/2
Trong tt c cc tng tr l dng n v i vi cng mt c bn kVA.
26
i vi th t khng:
27
II.6.3.3. My bin th ni t
Trong mt h thng khi th cp hon ton c kt ni delta, khng c ti
mt pha v h thng trung tnh ni t khng tn ti. Trong h thng , khi c
ngh phc v ti mt pha, cc my bin th ni t c dng thit lp mt h
thng trung tnh ni t. Hu ht cc loi my bin th ni t thng thng l loi
sao-tam gic hay zig-zag. C hai loi cung cp mt ng dn tng tr thp cho
dng th t khng v ng dn tng tr cao cho s ci t c cn bng cc
dng ba pha v c th m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT dng my bin th lc sao-tam
gic. V tr hnh sao ca my bin th cn phi c kt ni ti h thng delta nh
c minh ha di cung cp ng dn cho dng t. Th cp tam gic ca
dy ni t c th c ti, nhng thng th khng.
Hnh 20 My bin th ni t
Tng pha kVA v bn tn cc tng tr ca my bin th ni t phi c
nhp vo trc tip trong PSS/ADEPT cho cc loi hnh sao tam gic. Tuy nhin cho
cc loi zig-zag, nu kch c kVA l nh mc ca cun dy ring l ca nhnh,
kVA phi c nhn 3 khi nhp vo trong PSS/ADEPT. Cch khc, lun lun
28
nhp vo tng dung lng kVA mt pha ca dy. Cho hai loi my bin th ni t,
bt k tng tr trung tnh no phi c m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT bng cch hiu
chnh tng tr th t khng.
II.6.3.4. My bin th lc 1 pha
My bin th lc mt pha c th c m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT bng cch
dng loi 1(sao-sao), 2 (sao-delta), 3 (delta-sao) hay 11 (delta-delta) v qui nh pha
nhnh thch hp. nh mc mt pha kVA phi c nhp vo trong PSS/ADEPT
vi bn tn cc tng tr. Sau y minh ho vi loi my bin th lc mt pha v
tho lun cch trnh by trong PSS/ADEPT v cc s hn ch t bit c th p
dng:
M hnh my bin th loi 1(sao-sao) v qui nh pha nhnh l pha my bin
th kt ni. Pha nhnh phi l B i vi v d cho. Ghi ch, tt c ti c nui
bi my bin th ny phi c ni t v ch nhp vo trong pha i vi my bin
th c kt ni.
M hnh my bin th loi 3 (tam gic-sao) v qui nh pha nhnh l pha
hin hu pha sao (dy-trung tnh) ca my bin th. Pha nhnh phi l A cho v d
nu v pha AB cn phi tn ti pha s cp ca my bin th.
Tt c ti c nui bi my bin th ny phi c ni t v ch nhp vo
pha c qui nh cho pha nhnh my bin th.
M hnh my bin th loi 2 (sao-tam gic) v qui nh pha nhnh l pha
hin din pha sao (dy-trung tnh) ca my bin th. Pha nhnh phi l A cho v d
nu v pha A phi tn ti pha s cp my bin th.
Tt c ti c nui t phn th cp phi khng c ni t, c kt ni
gia hai pha c ni t my bin th. i vi v d minh ho, ti th cp phi l
loi khng c ni t v ch nhp vo trong pha A.
II.6.3.5. My bin th lc hnh sao m ti tam gic m
Kt ni my bin th hnh sao m ti hnh tam gic m cho php ti ba pha
c phc v bi pht tuyn hai pha ni t nh c trnh by y:
29
II.7. M hnh my in
Cc my in ba pha ng b v khng ng b c th c m hnh r rng
vi PSS/ADEPT. C hai loi c th c thit k nh my pht in hay ng c
bng cch la chn du hiu thch hp cho thng s ti kW trong h s d liu ti
th. Cc c tnh c trng ca my in c m hnh bi PSS/ADEPT phi c
nhp vo trong Tp tin T in D liu My in. Cc loi ti l c dng phn
bit cc loi my in:
Cc loi my in khng ng b:
Loi ti 51 70, 151 170 c nhp vo theo kW
nh mc theo kVA. Loi ti 71 90, 171 190 c nhp vo theo hp c
nh mc theo hp c. Cc loi my ng b. Loi ti 91 99, 191 199
c nhp vo theo kW
nh mc theo kVA
My in c th c m hnh ti nt ba pha trong bt k nhm ti no. My
in c xem nh trc tuyn lc loi ti l dng. Bng cch thm du m loi ti
(chng hn nh -51), my s c xem nh phi trc tuyn.
II.7.1.1. My in ng b
Trong bi ton dng cng sut v sau khi ng ng c ca PSS/ADEPT,
m hnh my ng b (cc loi 90 99 hay 190 199) s gi in p cc bng
hng s ti gi tr ngi s dng qui nh. u ra hay hp thu cng sut phn khng
s c iu chnh tng ng vi in p cc. Nu yu cu phn khng ca m
hnh vt gii hn kh nng phn khng c qui nh, in p cc s c chnh
30
Hnh 22 M hnh my in
Khi ngn mch c a ra vi hu t TR, cc my ng b ang chy c
xem nh c in p hng s pha sau tng tr qu trong th t thun.
31
32
33
34
Hnh 25 Khi ng ng c
Nu cc gi tr mt nh ca tng tr my bin th t ngu v nc iu p
c s dng, ng c c m t khi khi ng vi in p y c p dng cho
cc cc. iu ny thnh thong tham chiu n vic khi ng cho. Ch , my
bin th t ngu c gi s c ngt ra (b qua) trong tnh ton dng cng sut
v ngn mch.
II.7.1.4.1. in p khi khi ng ng c b gim
Khi ng cc my bin th t ngu tng qut c cc nc chuyn i 50%,
65%, v 80% c th c chn gim in p cc ng c di mc bnh thng
trong khi khi ng nhm gim dng ln vo. trnh by nc chuyn i 65%
trong PSS/ADEPT chng hn, mt nc chuyn i 0.65 phi c qui nh khi khi
ng my in.
II.7.1.4.2. Khi ng t mc shunt
Trong mt vi trng hp, cc t mc shunt c ng ct trc tuyn khi
mt ng c bt u c khi ng gim st p trn h thng. Phng php
ny c th c m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT n gin bng cch thm t l mt dy
c nh v ch ng ct trc tuyn. Nu t phi trc tuyn khi tnh ton tin khi
ng v ng vo trc khi tnh ton khi ng. Mt khi ng c chy, t phi
c ngt ra (ci trng thi= 0) cho tnh ton dng cng sut v ngn mch.
II.7.1.4.3. Khi ng mm SCR
Phng php khi ng ny iu khin dng khi ng ng c hay gia tc
vi thit b m t trng thi. Tng tr ng c thc ti im dng c tnh nh l
35
Z LR
(tap )2
Ht chng !
36
CHNG 2:
PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 2:
PHN B CNG SUT
Chng ta bit rng c ba phng php tnh phn b cng sut thng c s
dng l: phng php Newton-Raphson, phng php phn lp nhanh, v phng
php Gauss-Seidel. Mi phng php c nhng c tnh hi t khc nhau, thng
th ta chn phng php c kh nng thc hin tt nht. Vic la chn phng
php tnh no cn tu thuc vo cu hnh h thng, my pht, c tnh ti v mc
in p ti ban u ti cc nt.
Trong chng ny, chng ta n tp li cc kin thc cn thit phc v cho vic
tm hiu cch gii bi ton phn b cng sut trong phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Cc
kin thc c s v phng php gii bi ton phn b cng sut nh phng trnh
i s phi tuyn, sau l bi ton phn b cng sut trong li in v sau cng
l tm hiu v phng php gii bi ton phn b cng sut trong phn mm
PSS/ADEPT.
Trong bi ton phn b cng sut trong li in thng dng phng trnh
lin lc gia in p nt v dng nt thng qua ma trn tng dn nt. Nu bit
dng nt, c th tm c in p nt. Tuy vy, trong li in thng cho cng
sut hn l dng in. Nh vy, phng trnh lin quan l phng trnh phi tuyn
v l phng trnh phn b cng sut c gii bng phng php lp. Sau y ta
n tp v phng trnh i s phi tuyn.
38
=>
xn = cn + gn(x1,x2,,,xn)
fn(x1,x2,,xn) = cn
Bng phng php lp, ta c c: x1(0); x2(0);; xn(0)
x1(1); x2(1);; xn(1)
Trong phng php Gauss Seldel, cc gi tr mi ca cc n s xi va c
tnh trong cc phng trnh trn lin c thay th ngay vo cc phng trnh k
tip. Hi t s t c khi sai bit gia cc gi tr cn tnh sau so vi ln tnh trc
nh hn mt h s quy nh. C th dng h s gia tc x(k+1) = x(k) + (xi(k+1) xi(k))
39
lng
(k)
v i
c f (x ( k ) )
df
dx
(k)
gi l sai s ln
lp th k x(k)
=> Nhn xt:
Phng php hi
t rt nhanh
(0)
df
2
= 3(6) 12(6) + 9 = 45
dx
0 [(6) 3 ] 6(6) 2 + 9(6) 4
x(1) = 6 +
= 1.1111
45
ti cui ln lp th 1: x1(1) = x(0) + x(0) = 6 1.1111 = 4.8889
Cc ln lp k tip:
13.4431
x(2) = x(1) + x(1) = 4.8889 = 4.2789
22.037
2.9981
x(3) = x(2) + x(2) = 4.2789 = 4.0405
12.5797
0.3748
x(4) = x(3) + x(3) = 4.0405 = 4.0011
9.4914
0.0095
x(5) = x(4) + x(4) = 4.0011 = 4.000
9.0126
f1 (x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) = c1
f (x , x ,..., x ) = c
n
2
Nu c n phng trnh vi n n s: 2 1 2
...
fn (x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) = c n
x 2 ( k )
c ( k )
(k)
Vi X =
=
J(k)
...
x ( k )
n
c1 (f1 ) ( k )
c 2 (f 2 ) ( k )
(k)
c =
...
c (f ) ( k )
n
n
40
f ( k )
1
x 1
(k)
f2
(k)
J = x
1
... ( k )
fn
x 1
(k)
f1
x 2
(k)
f2
x 2
...
(k)
fn
x 2
...
...
...
...
(k)
f1
x n
(k)
f2
l ma trn Jacobian
x n
...
(k)
fn
x n
j= 0
j=1
Ii = Vi y ij y ij Vj vi j i
Cng sut ti nt i:
Pi + jQi = Vi I *i hay Ii =
Pi jQ i
Vi*
j=1
j=1
Pi jQ i
Vi*
= Vi y ij y ij Vj vi j i
Vi(k+1) =
Sch
jQ *
V*
(k)
(k)
+ y ij Vj
j=1
ij
41
(k)
trong (j i)
Vi PiSch jQiSch: cng sut tc dng v phn khng (vi nt ngun, PiSch
v QiSch c gi tr dng; vi nt ti, PiSch v QiSch c gi tr m
j= 0
j=1
j= 0
j=1
Pi
(k+1)
Qi
(k+1)
*( k ) ( k ) n
(k)
= Real Vi [Vi + Yij Vj ]
j=1
j i
n
*( k ) ( k )
(k)
= -Image Vi (Vi Yii + Yij Vj )
j=1
j i
Ii = Vi y ij y ij Vj vi j i
j= 0
Y V vi j c th bng i
j=1
ij
Y
j=1
ij
Vj ij + j
Y
j=1
ij
Vj ij + j
V
j=1
Vj Yij cos( ij i + j )
(1)
42
Qi = - Vi Vj Yij sin( ij i + j )
(2)
j=1
(k)
P2 2
...
... Pn ( k )
Pn ( k )
= 2
(k)
Q ( k )
2
... 2
2
(k)
Q n Q ( k )
n
2
...
...
...
...
...
(k)
(k)
P2
n
...
(k)
Pn
n
(k)
Q 2
n
(k)
Q n
2
P2
V2
...
(k)
Pn
V2
(k)
Q 2
V2
(k)
Q n
V2
...
...
...
...
...
(k)
P2
Vn
2 ( k )
...
(k)
...
Pn
( k )
n
Vn
V2
(k)
Q 2
...
Vn
(k)
( k ) Vn
Q n
Vn
=>
J 2
J 4 V
(3)
Pi
= Vi Vj Yij sin( ij i + j ) vi i j
j
(4)
n
Pi
= 2 Vi Yii cos ii + Vj Yij cos( ij i + j )
Vi
j i
(5)
Pi
= Vi Yij cos( ij i + j ) vi i j
Vj
(6)
n
Q i
= Vi Vj Yij cos( ij i + j )
i
i j
(7)
Q i
= Vi Vj Yij cos( ij i j )
j
(8)
n
Q i
= 2 Vi Yii sin ii Vj Yij sin( ij i j )
Vi
j i
Q i
Vj
= Vi Yij sin( ij i + j ) vi i j
(9)
(10)
43
Q J 3 J 4 V
Gauss hay tha s tam gic c sp xp ti u
Tnh ton cc gi tr mi ca | Vi | v i t (13), (14)
Tip tc cho n khi | Pi(k) | v | Qi(k) | nh hn mt sai s cho trc
44
45
46
Ht chng !
47
CHNG 3:
NGN MCH
CHNG 3:
NGN MCH
Tnh ton ngn mch xc nh nh hng ca s c trn li in (v d: 1
hoc nhiu pha chm nhau, chm t, chm vo cy ci)
Tnh ton s c.
Chui s c.
- Trong tnh ton s c, tt c in p, dng in nhnh v dng in s
c khi s c xy ra ti mt hoc nhiu nt trn mng li.
- Trong tnh ton chui s c: p dng tnh ton mt chui cc s c
lin tc v ring l. Tnh ton chui s c cho tt c cc loi s c c ng
dng lin tc v ring l ti mi nt trong ton h thng in.
Tnh ton ngn mch s s dng trng thi h thng trc khi s c xt hin.
Khi khng c s c, dng ti s c tm v in p ti cc nt trc s c c
tnh.
i vi ti tnh th c quy i thnh khng tr khng i tnh theo cng
st v in p ti nt m ti c ni..
My pht c ni ngun in p ni tip mt khng tr, ln v gc ca
ngun c xc nh t li gii dng ti.
Mi chng trong phn kin thc n tp gm 2 chnh: phn kin thc l
thuyt v phnkin thc p dng trin khai xy dng thnh thut ton trong phn
mm PSS/ADEPT. Vi cch trnh by nh vy s gip cc hc vin n tp tt hn
v tip thu nhanh cc kin thc trong cc phn khc.
Sau y trnh by phn l thuyt bi ton ngn mch.
49
Do :
Evt = Ivt.Zvt
Ly phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia cng sut, in p v dng in
S = E.I
v xc nh cng sut c bn SB theo Vn, Ampe nh sau:
Scb = Ecb. Icb
Suy ra:
S
E I
.
=
Scb E cb I cb
Do :
S
Scb
kVA cb
: Dng in dy c bn tnh bng A
E cb
50
Z cb =
1000.E 2cb
: Tng tr c bn tnh bng
kVA cb
kVA cb
: Dng in pha c bn tnh bng A
3.E cb
1000.E 2cb
=
: Tng tr c bn tnh bng
kVA cb
Z . S cb
( ).( kVA )
=
2
( kV ) .1000 1000.E cb2
mi
vt
=Z
cu
vt
U cbcu
. mi
U cb
S mi
. cbcu
S cb
Node
Node
Full network
51
0
Z1
0
0
0 V012 =
Z 2
V0
V
1
V2
0
Vnu
t
V10
0
V2
= M
0
Vk
V0
n
Vi V l vect lch in p nt do s c
52
Z nut
Z11 L L
M O
=
M
Z kk
Z n1 L L
Z1n
M
M
Z nn
Vr0
Z kr + Z f
in p ti nt i:
Vif = Vi0 Z ir I f (i = 1, 2, , n)
53
Z0
Z2
3ZN
Mng th t ca my pht
= jXd Nu tinh tan trong chu ky u tin.
Z1
= jXd Nu tinh ton chu k 3-4.
= jXd Nu tnh ton ch xc lp.
Z2 = j
X"q + X"d
2
; Z 2 Z1
Z og < Z 2 < Z1
54
55
][
][
1
2
0
th t thanh ci ca mng: Z bus , Z bus , Z bus
Ia
b
c
Zf
3Vf0
( Z kk1 + Z kk 2 + Z kk 0 ) + 3Z f
Ic
Zf
j 3Vf0
Z kk1 + Z kk 2 + Z f
ZT
ZL
56
Loi s c
3PH
Dng in s c
I=
L-L
VF
ZS + ZT + ZL + ZF
Ib = -Ic =
1LG
Ia =
j 3VF
2( Z S + Z T + Z L ) + Z F
3VF
2 Z S + 3Z T + (2 + k 0 )Z L + 3Z F
Trong :
: in p tng ng Thevenin(11,1).
: khng tr tng ng Thevenin ca ngun.
: khng tr my bin p.
: khng tr s c.
: khng tr ng dy phn phi.
3040 cho trng hp s c cc tiu.
0 cho trng hp s c cc i.
k0 : h s nhn.
VF
ZS
ZT
ZF
ZL
Gi tr c lng ca k0
k0
1
4
4.6
57
58
59
Trong cc thnh phn Z01, Z02, Z10, Z12, Z20 v Z21 thng khng quan
trng v b qua.
H s t l gia in khng v in tr l mt h s quan trng dng trong
vic tnh ton tng tr tng ng Thevenin:
Ht chng !
60
CHNG 4:
KHI NG NG C V
XC NH IM DNG
TI U
CHNG 4:
BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC
NH IM DNG TI U
Trong thi gian gn y, do thiu ht cng sut ngun, ngnh in thng
huy ng cc n v c my pht gia tng cng sut pht. Cc ph ti ln trong
cc khu cng nghip nh my cng l cc i tng cn quan tm khi ngng hay
cp ngun. Do vy, bi ton khi ng ng c cn c quan tm. Phn mm
PSS/ADEPT l cng c mnh gip chng ta c th thc hin kho st y cc
yu cu ca bi ton khi ng ng c.
Khi vn hnh vn hnh mng in hnh tia h th tn tht nng lng v cht
lng in nng lun km hn mt li phn phi c vn hnh kn, hn na khi
c s c, phm vi mt in ca li phn phi hnh tia thng rng hn. khc
phc cc nhc im ny v to tnh linh hot trong vn hnh h, hu ht cc
mng hnh tia c thit k lin kt vi nhau thng qua cc ni tuyn, do gim
thiu c phm vi v thi gian mt in trong lc khc phc s c li v phn
no ci thin cht lng in nng. Vic thay i cc phng thc vn hnh hay
chuyn ti, chn la v sa thi ph ti theo yu cu ca iu trung tm l cc
yu cu cn c thng xuyn gii quyt trong qu trnh vn hnh.
Li in ny c vn hnh h (radially) v c lin kt vi nhau bng cc
ni tuyn thng qua cc kha in. Cc l do chnh vn hnh h li phn phi
c th nu vn tt nh sau:
-Phi hp bo v relay tr nn d dng
-Gim dng ngn mch khi c s c trn mt tuyn dy gn trm ngun
-iu khin in p trn tng tuyn dy d dng hn v gim c phm vi
mt in trong thi gian gii tr s c.
Nu ch xem xt gi thnh xy dng mi li phn phi th phng n kinh t
l cc li hnh tia. Vn t ra l xc nh cc trng thi ng/ct ca cc kho
in nh: Recloser, LBS, DS nh th no cc tiu ho tn tht in nng hay
mt hm chi ph F nh trc.
Tt c cc yu cu ny c th c kho st thc hin thng qua phn mm
PSS/ADEPT.
62
I.1. My in ng b
Gi tr cho tr khng sau qu , Xd, thng t.1 ti.3 theo kVA c bn my
in. Gi tr thng c dng cho Xd l.2. T gi tr ny ngi s dng c th gi
s tng tr rotor b kho, Xr, tr khng th t thun, X1, v tr khng th t nghch,
X2, s bng Xd.
Tr khng th t khng, X0, cho my ng b dy in hnh t.1 ti.7 gi tr
ca Xd, gi tr thng thng c dng l.4 * Xd.
c cc gi tr khc nhau ca tng tr (X0, X1, X2), ngi s dng c th
cho in tr (R0, R1, R2) ca tng tr bng zero hay c tnh n t t l X/R theo
hnh 1.
Cc my c ni t qua in tr, gi tr (3* in tr ni t) cn phi c
chuyn i thnh n v tng i p.u. theo kVA c bn my in v c thm
vo trong R0. i v h thng hkng c ni t R0 v X0 phi c ci t l
999.
I.2. My in khng ng b
Khi ti y v dng rotor c kho, Xd c th c c tnh bi:
THNG S ROTOR
Cc tiu chun khi ng kVA cho cc my in cm ng. Trn cc ng c
tiu chun (nhiu ng c khng phi tiu chun) iu ny c nh ngha bi cc
k t thng s ng trn bn tn ng c. T gi tr tng ng SKVA/HP ca thng
s, c th xc nh dng tng cao bi:
65
66
67
I.3.6. Gia tc ng c
Trong khi ng gia tc ng c ng, mt m hnh ng c s dng trong
sut ton b tin trnh m phng gia tc ng c. Trong kho st ny, ta cn ch
nh moment ti m ng c phi ko.
V c s khc nhau trong cch m hnh ho vic khi ng ng c, ta c th
chn cch khi ng tnh nu nh ta quan tm n cc tc ng ca vic khi ng
ng c n cc loi ti khc trong h thng hay nu nh s liu ca m hnh ng
khng y .
Mc Khc, nu ta quan tm n thi gian gia tc thc hoc ng c khi ng
c hay khng, th ta nn chn m hnh gia tc ng c ng (dynamic motor
acceleration)
I.3.7. Khi ng ng c tnh
Trong phng php khi ng ng c tnh, ta ngm hiu rng ng c lun
khi ng thnh cng. Ta a ra thi gian gia tc 0% v 100% ti v chng trnh
s t ng ni suy ra thi gian gia tc da trn hai gi tr ny.
68
Trong khong thi gian gia tc, ng c c m hnh bi tng tr lockedrotor, n th hin kh nng mang dng ln nht t h thng v v c tc ng to tc
nht n cc ti khc trong h thng. Khi qua khong thi gian gia tc, ng c
c xem nh mt ti c cng sut khng i (tnh bng KVA).
I.3.8. Khi ng ng c vi kho st n nh qu
Tnh ton khi ng ng c chnh l kho st hot ng ca vic khi ng
ng c v nhng nh hng ca n i vi h thng, v n gin ho n bng cc
thit b khi ng
Tnh ton n nh qu c th m phng qu trnh ng c khi ng, quan
tm n cc tc ng ng ca ton h thng di nh hng ca vic khi ng
ng c.
S khc nhau gia cc i tng trong hai cch tnh ton dn n vic m
hnh ho khc nhau cc phn t trong h thng in, nh trong bng sau:
69
70
71
Khi ta chn Consider branch overload limits, TOPO s tnh ton cho tt c
cc nhnh qu ti trc . Trong hp thoi Option ny, ta c th chn nhng th
ph ti m ta cn tnh ton ( to trong Category).
72
Ht chng !
73
CHNG 5:
PHI HP BO V
CHNG 5:
THIT B BO V V PHI HP CC THIT
B BO V TRN LI PHN PHI
Phi hp gia cc thit b bo v trn li phn phi l cng vic rt quan
trng nhm m bo cho cc thit b hot ng mt cch nhp nhng v hiu qu.
Do vy chng ta khng th b qua nhng nguyn tc phi hp gia cc thit b bo
v cho d l nhng nguyn tc c bn nh nht.
Bo v qu dng cn quan tm hai phm vi chnh lin quan nhau
- Bo v on xut tuyn c th hay mt thit b
- Bo v ton b xut tuyn hay h thng phn phi.
Chnh phm vi th hai cn n s phi hp cc thit b bo v, nhng ngay c
cch bo v c thit k c bn cho mt my bin p n gin hay mt thit b
khc, cng c th cn c s phi hp ca hai hay nhiu thit b bo v nhm m
bo thch ng vi nhng loi s c khc nhau, trnh mi nguy him tim n c
th xy ra cho thit b v ng dy dn ln cn.
Vic ng dng v phi hp thit b bo v qu dng s nh hng n tnh
lin tc ca vic cung cp in. iu ny c ngha l hn ch bt k vic mt in
do s c cng t nht v trong thi gian ngn nht th cng tt. Song song vi cc
iu kin k thut, mt yu t cn phi xt n trong vic chn la cc thit b bo
v l vn v kinh t, phi chn la lm sao va bo m k thut ra v
chi ph u t (bao gm chi ch ban u mua sm thit b v chi ph d phng duy
tu bo dng thit b) phi t tn km nht.
75
I. Cc thit b bo v
I.1. Cu Ch
I.1.1. Gii thiu.
Cu ch l cc thit b bo v n gin nht ang dng bo v qu dng trn
h thng phn phi. Chc nng u tin ca cu ch c s dng l cc dy chy
r tin t trong mch in. Cc dy chy ny s m, ngt cc qu dng in v bo
v thit b trnh qu ti v ngn mch. Ngoi ra, cc cu ch cn dng phn on
ng dy.
Hin nay cu ch c rt nhiu loi, thun cho vic chn cc c tnh vn hnh
ph hp nh: cu ch dy chy, cu ch t ri, cu ch chn khng v cu ch hn
dng.
Dy chy c th chy t cc thit b bo v kiu bt. Loi thng dng nht
l thit b bo v dng t ri. Cc dy chy l cc phn t c thay th sau mt ln
tc ng bo v nh cc cu ch dng trong gia nh c thay th, khng nh
hng n cc hp cu ch.
Thnh phn c bn ca cu ch dy chy l mt phn t chy c ch to t
nhiu loi khc nhau c cc c tnh thi gian - dng in (TCC) khc nhau. Mt
dy chu lc ni song song vi phn t chy chu lc ko ca dy chy. Cu trc
dy chy s dng mt u dng nt v mt u ri c thit k c th lp ln v
c kh cc cu ch t ri hay cc thit b c s dng dy chy. Quanh phn t chy
l mt ng ph tr sinh kh dp tt cc dng s c nh.
Phn t cu ch c ch to ct chnh
xc, khi dng mt phn t thic vn hnh
nhp thp hn
ng ph cung cp khi
ct dng in nh
Chui cu to bng ng
d hn, dn in v
bn hn
Dy dn xon c
bn v mm do
76
Vnh chui gi ng
bo m ct dng in
nh
u trn
Dy dn xon
c bn v mm
do
ng ph cp kh ct
dng in nh
I.1.2. c tnh bo v:
c tnh ca mt dy chy c xc nh bi cc c tuyn dng in thi
gian (TCC) ca n. Tng thi gian ct l thi gian chy trung bnh vi sai s cng
ca nh sn xut cng vi thi gian dp h quang vi sai s m. Trn ng TCC,
c tuyn chy nh nht l kh nng chu ng trung bnh thp nht.
Thng thng cu ch c ch to theo tiu chun ASNI C37.43.
Dy chy loi K tng ng vi loi ct nhanh v loi T tng ng vi loi ct
chm, hai loi ny c tiu chun ho. Vi loi K, n nh t s tc l 6 8
v loi T l 10 13. T s tc l t s gia dng chy nh nht ti 0.1s v 300s
(hoc 600s) ty thuc vo dng nh mc ca dy chy.
I.1.3. Phn loi
I.1.3.1. Cu ch t ri
Cc dy chy ca cu ch li phn phi phi in km vi thit b khc
c s vn hnh ph hp. Thit b tiu biu nht l cc c cu t ri c s dng
cc dng hp, dng h v dng dy chy h.
Cc thit b ny vn hnh theo nguyn l bt bi tc ng ca dy chy v
mt ng dp h quang, cng vi mt dy thy tinh si kh ion ha khi phn t
chy ca dy chy b chy. Dy thy tinh si s chy sinh ra cc kh kh ion ha
tch ly bn trong cc ng. H quang b ko di, nn li v c lm ngui trong
ng v kh thot ra hai u ng mang theo mt phn cc phn t h quang duy tr.
77
Vic pht sinh h quang sau khi dng t gi tr zero s b ngn nga bi cc kh
kh ion ha v p sut tng cao bi s chuyn ng hn lon ca kh. Cc nhn t
ny nng cao cng cch in ca khe h khng kh trong ng. Khi p sut cao
sau y cc ion do h quang sinh ra cn li trong ng.
Cu ch t ri c ch to c ch to theo tiu chun ANSI 37.42.
Cu ch dng hp
Hnh 40 Mt vi cu ch t ri
78
CU TRC
CHUN
u tip im m bc hay thic,
ng, ng thau dn in v
nhit tt
Bng bc tinh cht dung sai 5%
c tnh chy chnh xc
Phn t ph dy bc chy
nhanh khi dng thp
ng chu nhit v p lc cu
ch tc ng
Nt ch bo khi nh ra chng t
cu ch ct
79
80
I.2. My Ct v Relay
I.2.1. Gii thiu:
My ct (Circuit Breakers) v Relay l mt b thit b lun i cng vi nhau
v c tnh thit b v cc thng s ng dng chung bi cc loi Relay thng c
dng phi hp vi my ct nhm thc hin vic ng ct t ng cc tip im ca
my ct trong vic bo v qu dng. Cc vn chnh c nu trong phn ny
gm c: phn loi my ct v la chn cc gi tr nh mc ct thch hp cng vi
kiu ca Relay thng c s dng trong vic bo v h thng li phn phi v
c tnh TCC ca chng.
I.2.2. c tnh v phn loi my ct
My ct thng c s dng cc trm trong cc ng dng bo v qu dng
ca h thng li in phn phi. Theo tiu chun ANIS C37 100 th my ct l
mt thit b ng ngt c kh c kh nng ng, mang v ct dng in iu kin
vn hnh bnh thng ca mch in, ng thi c kh nng ng, mang trong thi
gian xc nh v ct dng in trong iu kin khng bnh thng ca mch in
nh ngn mch. My ct c th ct, ng bng tay hay s dng cc Relay hoc cc
b iu khin in t bn ngoi. Do c kh nng ct dng ngn mch ln v dng
lin tc cao nn cc my ct tng i t tin v cng knh so vi cc thit b bo
v h thng phn phi khc.
81
Hnh 42 T ng ct bng cu ch
Cu to:
T c lm bng thp cu thnh t 5 khoang v c ngn cch bi cc vch ngn
kim lai hoc cch in. chiu cao 1600mm, rng 375mm, su 940mm, nng 120 Kg
82
0
6
Hnh 43 T ng ct SM6
c. T ng ct c my ct RMU-8DJ10
T c lm bng thp hn khng r v c lm nh mt hnh hp ch nht
1. Np c bn l cho hp cu
ch.
2. Mt pha trc cho nhng
thao tc c bn.
3. Tm trm cho gian cha
cp.
4. S in.
5. Tm vn chuyn.
83
6. nh v ch bo thit b
ni t (tri) v ngt in
(phi).
7. Ch th trng thi sn sng
(c SF6).
8. o in p
9. o in p
10. Ch th bo ngn mch
(mu xut hin)
1. Hp cu ch n cc.
2. u ni cp.
3. Hp cha SF6.
4. Cng tc 3 v tr.
5. Cp.
6. Cp.
7. Khung.
8. C ch chuyn i 3 v
tr.
Hnh 44 T ng ct RMU
Cc gi tr nh mc ca my ct
in p nh mc ln nht
- in p nh mc ln nht l in p m my ct c thit k v khng
c vn hnh cc gi in p cao hn.
H s mc in p nh mc K
- K l t s gia in p nh mc ln nht vi gii hn thp nht ca mc in
p vn hnh m mc in p ny cho php kh nng dng in ct ngn mch i
xng v khng i xng thay i t l nghch vi in p.
in p th nghim chu ng nh mc tn s thp
- in p chu ng tn s thp nh mc (kh) l in p th nghim mt
my ct mi khi th nghim kh vi cc iu kin quy nh phi c kh nng chu
ng trong mt pht khng c phng in b mt hay nh thng cch in.
- in p chu ng tn s thp nh mc (t) l in p th nghim mt
my ct mi khi th nghim t vi cc iu kin quy nh, my ct mi loi ngoi
tri v cc thnh phn bn ngoi phi c kh nng chu ng trong mi giy khng
c phng in b mt hay nh thng cch in.
in p th nghim chu ng nh mc xung
- in p th nghim chu xung nh mc bao gm xung y v xung ct.
Mt my ct mi phi c kh nng chu ng c hai xung trn khng c phng in
b mt hay nh thng cch in.
84
85
86
Ct tc thi:
I.2.3.5. Relay t ng li
Relay t ng li ch c thm chc nng nh thi khi my ct m v gi tn
hiu nh trc ny ng my ct. C hai loi Relay ng li: Relay nh thi
bng ng c ng b v Relay nh thi bng in t.
I.3. Recloser
I.3.1. Gii thiu chung:
My ct t ng ng li (Recloser) l thit b hp b cha trong mt mch
cn thit cm nhn c qu dng, thi gian xy ra qu dng, ngt c qu
dng v t ng ng li kch hot li ng dy. Nu s c l vnh cu th
Recloser s ct hn sau ba hay bn ln ng li v v vy s cch ly phn b h hng
khi cc phn chnh ca h thng. Lm vic vi hiu qu cao, nhm phn no gip
pht hin, thu hp v c lp khu vc s c ra khi h thng p ng c tnh lin
tc ca h thng in.
Do hu ht s c l tm thi (70 80%) v ko di trong vi chu k n mt
vi giy. Recloser vi kh nng ct v t ng ng li s loi tr vic ko di mt
in trn ng dy phn phi do s c ngn mch tm thi hay cc trng hp qu
dng qu .
I.3.2. Phn loi:
Recloser c phn loi da vo cc yu t sau:
Recloser mt pha hay ba pha.
Recloser iu khin bng thy lc hay bng mch in t.
Recloser ngt trong mi trng du hay chn khng.
I.3.2.1.
Recloser mt pha
a. Chc nng:
88
b. Cu to Recloser mt pha:
I.3.2.3.
91
92
93
65K
80K
100K
140K
200K
2200
2800
3900
5800
9200
440
650
840
1060
1340
1700
2200
2800
3900
5800
9200
300
540
320
840
710
430
1060
1060
870
500
1340
1340
1340
1100
660
1700
1700
1700
1700
1350
850
2200
2200
2200
2200
2200
1700
1100
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2200
1450
3900
3900
3900
3900
3900
3900
3900
2500
2400
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
4500
2400
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9100
4100
94
680
375
920
800
530
1200
1200
1100
680
1500
1500
1500
1280
730
2000
2000
2000
2000
1700
990
2540
2540
2540
2540
2540
2100
1400
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
2600
1500
4100
4100
4100
4100
4100
4100
4100
3100
1700
80T
100T
140T
200T
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
3800
1750
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
4400
2200
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
7200
4000
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
13800
7500
96
97
98
Thi gian
ng li
(chu k)
25
30
50
90
120
240
600
Cc h s nhn
Hai nhanh
Hai chm
2.7
2.6
2.1
1.85
1.7
1.4
1.35
Mt nhanh
Ba chm
3.2
3.1
2.5
2.1
1.8
1.4
1.35
Bn chm
3.7
3.5
2.7
2.2
1.9
1.45
1.35
Cu ch pha ngun
My bin p
RE
Recloser
99
100
Cu ch pha ngun
My bin p
Relay
Relay
101
II.4.1.1.
Breaker
/ Relay
Fuse
102
104
nhanh ca Recloser pha ngun. c tuyn TCC nhanh ca Recloser pha ngun
phi c phn ng chm hn c tuyn TCC tc ng nhanh pha ti.
II.5.3.2. Chc nng ct dng tc thi.
Cc bc tun t ca chng
trnh, nhng tip im ca
Recloser vn ng
ACR1
ACR1
ng
M
Ngt hn
ACR2
ACR2
S c
Thi gian
105
Ht chng !
106
CHNG 6:
SNG HI
CHNG 6:
SNG HI
Ta bit rng theo l thuyt cc ngun tc ng (l nhng tn hiu c a
n mch) tn ti trn li in l cc hm iu ha. Thc t cc ngun tc ng
ny trong li in khng phi lc no cng l hm iu ha, m n c th c hnh
dng bt k, bao gm nhiu thnh phn tn s trong c cc thnh phn tn s
no (ha tn) khc vi thnh phn tn s c bn m ta mong mun s nh
hng nht nh cho s hot ng ca mch v cc phn t trong li in. Khi
cc p ng trong mch cng s l cc qu trnh nhiu tn s.
108
I. L thuyt sng hi
I.1. Cc ngun gy sng hi trong li in:
Trong nhng nm gn y, cc thit b in t (nh b iu chnh tc ng
c, cc b chnh lu iu khin, my vi tnh,...) gy ra nhiu vn lin quan
n sng ha tn trong li in. i vi h thng truyn ti in th nh ch yu
do cm khng t ha phi tuyn ca my bin p, thit b h quang nh: cc l in
h quang, cc my hn, cc cun khng in trong cc thit b hot ng trn c s
cm ng in t.
i vi iu kin vn hnh khng cn bng gia cc pha nh in p h thng
khng cn bng, tng tr h thng hay ti khng cn bng mi thnh phn sng hi
c th xy ra trong ba thnh phn (thun, nghch, khng). Ngoi ra cc t b trong
li in thng kt hp vi cm khng li to ra mch cng hng lm khuch
i cc dng hi c tn s ln cn tn s cng hng tn ti trong li. Sau y i
xem xt chi tit cc ngun ha tn.
I.1.1. Ti phi tuyn:
Do ? ti phi tuyn tng tr ca n thay i, dng m n hp thu s khng sin
mc d in p t vo c tnh sin v t c th to nn ngun dng ha tn bm
vo h thng. Cc ti phi tuyn thng gp nh:
o Cc qu trnh chnh lu in p.
o Thit b vn phng v dn dng nh: UPS, my tnh, my photocopy TV,
n hunh quang...
o B iu chnh tc ng c.
o Thit b thuc lnh vc in cng ngh: my hn, l h quang...
I.1.1.1. Cc qu trnh chnh lu in p:
Nhng tin b vt bc ca lnh vc in t cng sut to c s cho cc b
chuyn i in v chng tr thnh ngun gy sng hi chnh trong h thng.
Cc b chnh lu c s dng rng ri nh:
+ AC/DC
+ AC/DC/AC
V d: cho mt h thng c chnh lu:
109
I dc
Vac
I ac
Vdc
4
2
0
-2
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Time (s)
0.1
3
2.5
2
A 1.5
1
0.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Hz
k =1, 2, 3...
I1
;
h
I1: ln hi c bn
Trong thc t, dng dng in ca chnh lu 6 xung khng hon ton vung,
do gi tr thc ca sng hi nh hn gi tr l thuyt. Gi tr ny c th c tnh
xp x bng cng thc:
Ih =
I1
1. 2
h
h
vi 5 h 31
V(t)
I(t)
Cao
Thp
I3
130%
65%
I5
70%
35%
I7
50%
25%
I9
30%
15%
I11
10%
5%
I3
35%
I5
27%
I7
10%
I9
2.5%
111
I11
3.5%
I13
1.5%
I15
1.5%
I5
33%
I7
2.5%
I11
6.1%
I13
2.4%
I17
2.5%
I19
1.6%
I.1.1.5. B iu tc:
B iu tc dng cc mch in t cng sut iu khin tc ng c,
c bit thng s dng cho ng c khng ng b. Do b iu tc cng pht
sinh dng hi nh cc ti chnh lu.
i vi b iu tc iu khin tc cho ng c khng ng b, kt qu
kho st cho bit dng hi ca chng sinh ra ph thuc vo:
+ T s cng sut ngn mch ca h thng (SSC) v cng sut biu kin ca
b iu tc (Sn).
+ T l phn trm gia cng sut biu kin ng c Sm so vi cng sut biu
kin ca b iu tc.
Bng 1.5: Gi tr dng hi b iu tc ng c khng ng b vi
Sm=1OO%Sn
I1
I5
Sm =100%Sn
SSC=250%Sn 100% 85%
SSC=100%Sn 100% 73%
SSC=50%Sn 100% 63%
I7
I11
I13
72% 41% 27%
52% 16% 7%
35% 6.2% 1.3%
I17
8%
7%
/
I19
5%
5%
/
I23
6%
3%
/
I25
5%
3%
/
Ih
Sm
*100 ; I 1 =
I1
3 *U 1
112
Ha Xuan Truong
Phone : 0906561078
Email : TruongHaXuan@gmail.com
I.1.1.6. L h quang:
Trong thc t cc l quang thng dng trong ngnh cng nghip thp c s
nguyn l nh Hnh1.4.
Vi l h quang xoay chiu, sng hi to ra l phi tuyn, bt i xng v
khng n nh. N sinh ra dng hi bc chn, l v ph lin tc.
Vi l h quang mt chiu, c cp in qua b chnh lu tnh dng
Thyristor th sinh cc dng hi bc cao nh b chnh lu v tnh lin tc ca ph
dng in mc nh hn l h quang dung in AC.
HV
HV
Transformer
Transformer
Cable
Cable
Rectifier
Furnace
Cable
Hnh
Furnace
Hnh 2.4b
Hnh 56 a) L h quang c cp ngun AC
b) L h quang c cp ngun DC
114
I 2rms
= I12
I 2p
p =2
1
I
1 + 0,1 h
h=2 I1
1,6
p
<1
vi
h: bc hi;
I1: dng in hi c bn
Qua ta thy MBA c cng sut nh mc Sn th ch c php cung cp
cho ti c cng sut l k.Sn
V d: ti dng Switchmode Power Supply c cung cp bi MBA cng
sut 250KVA
Bng 1.6: Gi tr dng hi ca b Computer Switch Power Supply
I3
I5
I7
I9
I1
100%
130%
70%
50%
30%
Khi h s MBA theo (1.4) c xc nh:
=> k = 0,532 v cng sut MBA ti thiu l 470KVA
I11
10%
I N = 3I o +
3I
k =3, 6 , 9 ,...
cos(kt k )
117
XC
Ih
Power
System
Power
System
Ih
XC
Khi ta c:
+ Tn s cng hng:
fr =
XC
XL
+H s khuch i:
K=
R
LSC h
=R
Qbu S SC
C
=
LSC
P
XL
Ih
XC
118
119
Ti phi tuyn
LSC
L
C
a)S n tuyn
R V
h
Ih
b)S tng ng
Trong o:
R: in tr c trng cho cng sut tc dng ca ti tuyn tnh
Lsc: in cm ngn mch t h thng
L: in cm ca cun khng trit hi
C: in dung ca t b
Ih: Ngun hi thay th cho ti phi tuyn
Cun cm mc ni tip vi t to mch cng hng ni tip LC tn s fr.
Tn s ca mch bao gm LSC mc song song vi nhnh LC c gi l tn
s chng cng hng far, ti tn s ny tr khng tng ng ca mng in l R.
Tr khng tng ng ca mch in:
1
1
1
= j
+
Z eq
LSC L 1
1
+
R
1
2 LC
f ar =
Zeq()
1
2 ( L + LSC )C
Tng tr ca
mng in
Tng tr
ngun
far
f(Hz)
fr Di tn s cc hi khng mong mun
o Dng cng hng chy qua mch lc, khng chy v ngun. Cc hi p c
sn trn thanh ci kt ni vi mch lc LC m cng tn s vi tn s cng hng
u b loi b. C th t nhiu mch lc LC kh cc bc hi cn quan tm nhm
t c h s mo dng p mong mun.
o Ti cc tn s hi, tr khng tng ng c gi tr gn bng tr khng
ngn mch. V th, h s mo dng in p c gi tr hu nh khng i so vi
trng hp khng c nhnh LC c ngha l vic lp t t b v cun cm chng
hi khng lm tng tr khng ngun. V th khng lm tng s mo dng in p.
o Ti cc tn s hi, tr khng nhnh LC cao hn tr khng ngn mch nhiu
nn dng hi ch chy qua tr khng ngn mch v ngun m khng chy qua t
nn khng cn bo v t in.
o i vi tn s cng hng song song t chu nh hng ca tr khng
ngun do in cm ca cun chng hi thng ln hn tr khng ngun (t 2->9
ln).
o Mch in s cng hng hai tn s khc nhau (far<fr). cng hng
khng xy ra hon ton th cn thit bo m hai tn s cng hng ny nh hn
hai tn s hi cn c bo v. V khi tn s cao hn tn s cng hng ni
tip th XL ln hn XC tc l nhnh ni tip LC gn nh ch c cun cm. Nhnh
ny mc song song vi cm khng ngun Xsc nn khng c iu kin xy ra cng
hng.
Khi lp t cun cm trit hi cn lu :
o Cng sut b phn khng ca nhnh LC ln ch c t:
121
Q=
p r2
Qn
p r2 1
pr l bc cng hng
Qn: Cng sut phn khng b nh mc ca t
Bng 1.7: Cng sut b ng vi bc cng hng
pr
2,7
3,8
4,3
4,8
Q/Qn
1,16
1,07
1,06
1,05
p r2
Vn
pr2 1
122
oMch lc kp:
Mch lc kp c to t hai mch lc LC kt ni vi nhau qua in
tr R. Hot ng ca mch lc ny l gim tn s chng cng hng ang tn ti
gia hai tn s iu chnh ca hai nhnh song song
123
124
Vi cc ph ti tnh, ng c khng ng b, ng c ng b, t in mc
shunt, ng dy v cp, v my bin p, m hnh sng hi thng c dng
xc nh gi tr tng tr mt hi cho trc.
Mi thnh phn ca li in c phng trnh tnh gi tr tng tr tng ng.
(14)
vi:
125
V = in p
Fs = tn s c bn (phn ni tip)
R = in tr
X = in khng
(15)
Vi:
Z(H) = tng tr hi bc H
i vi phn ti tnh mc song song, in tr v in khng tn s c bn l:
(16)
vi:
R = in tr
X = in khng
V = in p
Fp = tn s c bn (phn song song)
P = kW
Q = kvar
S bin thin ca tng tr theo bc ca hi c cho bi cng thc:
(17)
vi:
(18)
vi:
Cp1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ca ti (phn song song ca ti)
126
(19)
vi:
R0(H) = in tr th t khng hi bc H
in khng ng c khng ng b thay i theo sng hi nh sau:
(20)
X0(H) = in khng th t khng hi bc H
C4 = h s m in khng ng c
Tng tr tng ng trt cho trc c tnh bng cch s dng in tr v
in khng c iu chnh theo tn s nh trn ni. tn s sng hi, trt
c tnh nh sau:
(21)
vi:
s(H) = trt hi bc H
s1 = trt tn s c bn
Khi ng c khng ng b c ni t, tng tr ni y c tnh nh sau:
(22)
vi:
Zg(H) = tng tr ni t hi bc H
127
Rg = in tr ni t
Xg = in khng ni t
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
in tr v in khng ni t mc ni tip.
II.1.3. ng c ng b
ng c ng b c biu din bi in khng siu qu v th t khng ca n
v bi in tr phn ng v th t nghch. in tr ng c ng b bin thin theo sng
hi nh sau:
(23)
vi:
Ra(H) = in tr phn ng hi bc H
R2(H) = in tr th t nghch hi bc H
in khng ng c ng b bin thin theo sng hi nh sau:
vi:
X"d(H) = in khng siu qu hi bc H
X0 = in khng th t khng
C4 = h s m in khng ng c
Tng tr ng c ng b th t thun, nghch v khng l:
(24)
vi:
Z0 = tng tr th t khng
128
Z1 = tng tr th t thun
Z2 = tng tr th t nghch
Khi ng c ng b c ni t, tng tr ni t c tnh nh sau:
(25)
vi:
Zg(H) = tng tr ni t hi bc H
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
in tr v in khng ni t mc ni tip.
II.1.4. T in mc shunt
T in mc shunt c nh ngha bi cng sut phn khng (kvar) m n cung cp
in p danh nh. Reactor mc shunt tiu th cng sut phn khng. Tng tr ca t
in/reactor mc shunt bin thin theo sng hi nh sau:
(26)
vi:
kV = kV c bn ca t in
KVAra = cng sut phn khng ca t in
Khi t in/reactor mc shunt c ni t, tng tr ni t c tnh nh sau:
(27)
vi:
Zg(H) = tng tr ni t hi bc H
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
in tr v in khng ni t mc ni tip.
129
II.1.5. ng cy v cp
C 3 m hnh sng hi cho ng dy. l:
ng dy IEEE
Cp IEEE
Hiu chnh ng dy di tu c th p dng cho c 3 m hnh.
ng dy IEEE (M hnh 1)
(28)
Cp IEEE (M hnh 2)
(29)
ng dy v cp t to (M hnh 3)
(30)
Vi:
r1 = in tr th t thun
x1 = in khng th t thun
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt th
t thun
C2 = h s m hiu ng b mt th
t khng
r0 = in tr th t khng
x0 = in khng th t khng
130
C3 = h s m in khng th t
thun
C5 = h s m in np th t
thun
C4 = h s m in khng th t
khng
C6 = h s m in np th t
khng
(31)
Thng s tp trung tng ng c tnh nh sau:
(32)
vi:
131
R1 = in tr th t thun
X1 = in khng th t thun
G0 = thng s tp trung in dn
shunt th t khng
G1 = thng s tp trung in dn
shunt th t thun
R0 = in tr th t khng
X0 = in khng th t khng
II.1.6. My bin p
C hai m hnh sng hi cho my
bin p:
M hnh IEEE
(33)
M hnh t to (custom)
Tng tr ni t, nu c, c tnh
ging nhau cho tt c cc m hnh ca
my bin p:
My bin p IEEE
Tng tr r c cho bi:
(35)
(34)
vi:
My bin p ty
R1 = in tr
X1 = in khng
H = bc ca hi
C3 = h s m hiu ng b mt
my bin p
C4 = h s m in khng my bin p
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
132
Ht chng !
135
CHNG 7:
XC NH V TR B
TI U
CHNG 7:
XC NH V TR B TI U
Bi ton tnh dung lng b quan trng trong qu trnh qun l, vn hnh
li in bi nhng li ch u th ca n mang li: Nng cao kh nng ti ca dy
dn, gim cng sut ngun, gim c tn tht in nng li in,..
Vi c im ca li in trung th cc in lc khu vc ca Cng ty in
lc 2, tri rng trn a bn ln vi chiu di mi pht tuyn trung bnh (c th ln
hn 10km). Do vy, theo nh tnh, tn tht cui ng dy ln, nhu cu cng sut
khng cao v ci thin in p cho li.
Trc y, Cng ty in lc 2 cha c cng c mnh, cc phn mm chuyn
dng tnh cc bi ton ny. Thng s dng cc biu thc tnh tay, do vy
chnh xc cha cao.
Phn mn PSS/ADEPT vi chc nng tnh ton xc nh v tr b ti u trn
li, c th p dng tnh ton cho li in trn a bn.
C th nh gi rng, vic p dng phn mm ny, s mang li hiu qu thit
thc. c bit vic p dng thnh cng bi ton tnh dung lng b s gip in
lc xc nh nhu cu cng sut khng cho ton li, kim tra cc v tr b hin hu
v phc v cng r sot nh gi tng th bi ton b theo c th ring ca li
in do cc in lc khu vc qun l. Bi ton ny gip in lc p dng ngay cc
kt qu tnh ton t PSS/ADEPT vo cng tc c th ang trin khai ti in lc.
137
(KVAr).
(KVAr).
(KVAr).
3 .U.Imax cos1
(KW)
Pmin=
3 .U.Imin cos1
(KW)
1 cos2 1
1 0,952
tg 2 =
=
= 0,328
0,95
cos 1
Xc nh h s ph ti ca pht tuyn:
+ max =
Stt max
Pmax
=
S m S m .cos 1
+ min =
Stt min
Pmin
=
S m S m .cos 1
Trong :
+ Stt max =
Pmax
cos 1
138
+ Stt min =
Pmin
cos 1
i =1
tuyn
Xc nh v tr t t b ti u:
+ Trng hp t mt v tr:
+ Phng trnh gim tn tht khi t mt t b trn pht tuyn:
P=
3.c..x1[(2 - x1)+.x1 - c]
2c
2(1 )
2
2n + 1
2
chiu di pht tuyn.
3
139
P
x = 3. c. [(2 x 1 + . x 1 3. c) + x 1 ( 1)] = 0
1
P = 3. c. [(2 x 2 ) + . x 2 c + x 2 ( 1)] = o
x 2
Suy ra
2 3c
x 1 = 2(1 )
x 2 = 2 c
2(1 )
2
5
va x 2 =
4
chiu di pht tuyn.
5
CAPO t t b trn li sao cho kinh t nht (ngha l sao cho s tin tit
kim c t vic t t b ln hn s tin phi b ra lp t t b).
CAPO chn nt cho t b th n s tin tit kim c l ln nht.
th ph ti c s dng trong PSS/ADEPT cung cp cho ta s m
hnh ha cc bin thin ph ti theo thi gian, nhit hoc cc yu t khc.
Khi t cc t b ng ng, CAPO cng tnh lun tng ca nc iu chnh
t b ng vi tng th ph ti.
1+ i
Ne =
n =1 1 + r
N
(1)
(2)
Gi tr ca chi ph mua t b l:
(3)
Buc 3: Chn tu chn m chng ta mun cho php phn tch CAPO:
Loi u ni: chn t c loi u ni ph hp: sao hoc tam gic. Loi u ni
c th chn cho c 2 loi t c nh v ng ng trn tt c cc nt trong li in.
Chn loi th ph ti: c th chn bt c loi th ph ti no trong qu
trnh tnh ton: nh du vo tng ng trc tn loi th. Nhng th ph ti
ny c sn cho mt khong thi gian xc nh v c s dng trong qu trnh tnh
ton xc nh tnh kh thi ca vic t mt t b ln li in.
V php phn tch CAPO da trn thi gian l tng nm nn khong thi gian
dng tnh ton l phn s ca nm trn th ph ti. Thng th tng thi gian
tnh ton ca tt c th ph ti m chng ta s dng trong CAPO l 1.0; tuy nhin
iu ny khng phi l bt buc. V d nu thit b ca chng ta ch hot ng 10
thng trong 1 nm th CAPO vn c th chy c.
S di t cho php: y l s t c nh v ng ng m chng ta c th c
t ln li (v d nh l s t ang c trong kho). Ban u th s t ny c t
bng 0. Nu vn s t ny l 0 th khi chy CAPO chng ta s thy trn phn
Xem Tin trnh cu thng bo Khng c t no t ln li.
Kch thc t 3 pha: l tng ln di t 3 pha tnh bng kvar cho c 2 loi t
c nh v ng ng t trn li. V d: nu thit lp l t 1 di t c nh 100
143
Thit lp ln ca t b ng ng nh hn t b c nh.
Khng cn t b ng ng ng ln li.
(4)
(6)
hon tt ta xt n phng trnh tnh Ne:
145
1+ i
Ne =
n =1 1 + r
N
(7)
146
Ht chng !
147
CHNG 8:
NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 8:
NH GI TIN CY
Hin nay, trong cc Cng ty in lc ang theo di mt in, thng k s v,
thi gian mt in nhng cha p dng cc ch s c th nh gi tin cy
cung cp in ca li in. Cc s liu bo co nh 347 v/278.66 gi s c,
1094 v/859.34 gi ct in t xut,... cha th hin c mc , phm vi mt
in, trnh qun l li in.
Cc cng ty in lc trn th gii thng xy dng mt s ch s nh lng
c th nh gi. Cc thng s bo co nh bnh qun khch hng khu vc sinh
hot b mt in 3 v/nm, 120 pht/nm,... s c th, d hiu, d nh gi hn.
Mc tiu ca bo co l gii thiu cc ch s ny, cch nh gi (d on) v
thng k cc ch s trn li in. Mi n v (Cng ty in lc hoc Hip hi in
lc) t xy dng cc ch tiu nh gi. Cc t chc in lc uy tn nh IEEE,
EEI (Edison Electric Institue), EPRI (Electric Power Reasearch Institute) v CEA
(Canadian Electric Association) xy dng nhiu ch s c nhiu n v p dng.
Trong , h thng ch s ca IEEE l ph bin nht. Cc ch s tin cy ca h
thng truyn ti nh BPII (Bulk Power Interruption Index), BPECI (Bulk Power
Energy Curtailment Index), MPBCI (Modified Bulk Power Curtailment Index),...
khng nm trong phm vi bo co ny.
Theo IEEE, cc ch s tin cy (Reliability Index - RI) ca li phn phi bao
gm SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, ASAI, ASUI, ENS v AENS.
Chng ny trnh bi l thuyt v nhiu v d v tin cy v phng php
tnh. Cch trin khai gii bi ton tin cy li in trong phn mm PSS/ADEPT
cng c trnh by tp theo. Hc vin cn nm vng cc kin thc ny c th
thc hin tt cc bi tp trong cc bui thc hnh phn mm.
149
I.4. p ng h thng
Lin quan n kh nng lm vic ca my pht, li truyn ti, li phn phi
trong vic cung cp in ti khch hng.
S p ng s lin quan n cc iu kin tnh ca h thng.
150
I.7.1. Mc th nht:
Nghin cu v kh nng ca h my pht cp in cho ti. H thng truyn ti
khng c xt n mc ny. Ch s tin cy ca mc th nht l Ch S D Bo
Mt Ti (LOLE) v Ch S D Bo Thiu Nng lng Cung Cp (LOEE).
I.7.2. Mc th hai:
Nghin cu v h thng pht v h thng truyn ti cung cp nng lng ti
cc nt ti. Cc nghin cu ny l nh gi hn hp ca h thng. Ch s ca mc II
mang tnh ton cc hay ti mt thanh ci cung cp in gm c tn sut, thi gian,
ph ti v nng lng.
I.7.3. Mc th ba:
Lin quan ti c pht in, truyn ti, phn phi xc nh s tng xng
ca ton h thng cung cp n khch hng.
Ch s ca mc th ba ny la ti im tiu th v cc ch s h thng gm c
tn sut, thi gian, ti v nng lng.
152
I.11.2. Ct thit b:
M t trng thi ca thit b khi n khng c hot ng v mt s cc l do
lin quan n thit b .
Ct cng bc: l hu qu do cc iu kin khn cp lin quan n thit b cn
phi ct tc thi, hoc t ng nh thit b bo v rle, hoc thao tc ng ct,hoc
do tc ng sai ca thit b bo v hay ngi vn hnh thao tc sai.
Ct theo lch: thit b a ra khi vn hnh theo thi gian nh trc, thng
thng khi c bo tr, sa cha hoc xy dng.
Ct cng bc ngn hn: do cc s c thong qua gy ra, cc thit b c th
c a vo vn hnh tr li t ng khi cc CB, my ct t ng li, hoc khi
thay th cu ch.
Ct cng bc do vn hnh: do cc s c khng th t gii tr c cn phi
sa cha thit b trc khi a vo vn hnh. V d: khi xy ra phng in lm chc
thng cch in, v vy cn sa cha hay thay th trc khi a vo vn hnh.
Giai
oan
mi
xuat
xng
Giai
oan
on nh
Giai
oan
lao hoa
Thi gian
Chu k s c
T=m+r
UP (in)
1
r
1
m
Down (out)
Down
m1
r1
m2
T1
T2
r2
m3
T3
A= +
H s khng sn sng (FOR):
A = U = FOR = +
155
V d:
Cng ty phn phi c 7500 my bin p phn phi ang vn hnh trong chu k 10 nm,
140 my bin p b hng v nhiu l do khc nhau. Mt s lng nh ca chng c th
c sa cha, nhng hu ht cc s cn li u phi thay bng my mi. Thi gian thay
th hoc sa cha s c ghi li. Cng tt c cc thi gian sa cha ca 140 my s cho
thi gian tng cng l 7500 gi.
T cc s liu ny chng ta tnh:
140
=
= 0,0191/gi
10 7500
1
m = = 530 gi
7360
r=
= 52,6gi = 0,006 nm
140
1
= = 1671/nm.
r
530
A=
= 0,999989
0,006 + 530
0,006
=
= 0,000011 = 6pht/nm
0,006 + 530
.iu ny c th c gii thch nh sau:
Mi my bin p co xc sut 0.0019 xy ra h hng trong nm ti.
Sau khi xy ra s c, thi gian sa cha hoc thay th l 52.6 gi.
Mi my bin p s khng vn hnh, tnh trung bnh l 6 pht 1 nm.
Ch rng ch ta s dng cc s liu hot ng trc d on kt qu tng
lai. y l c s cho vic phn tch tin cy: gi s rng hot ng bnh qun trong qu
kh s nh gi cc hot ng trong tng lai
156
N
N
C
i
N
N
i
N .d = u N
N
N
C
N
N'
N
N'
i
N
N
u N
N
i
ASAI
(Kh nng sn sng vn hnh)
Ch tiu ny c biu din di dng phn s ca thi gian (thng l phn
trm), ni ln thi gian c in ca khch hng trong nm hay trong thi gian c
nh trc.
So gi khach hang yeu cau cap ienco the c
=
So gi khach hang yeu cau cap ien
ASUI = 1 ASAI
ENS = La(i).ui
Tng in nng khng c cung cp bi h thng
La(i) Cng sut ti trung bnh ti nt th i
ui thi gian ct in hng nm.
AENS
157
N .8760 u .N
N .8760
i
L u
N
a(i)
ACCI
Ch tiu ct xn in nng trung bnh ca khch hng
Tong ien nang khong c cung cap
ACCI = Tong so khach hang b anh hng
ASIFI
Ch s ny ch yu tnh ton tin cy da trn cng sut thay v da trn s
lng khch hng. Ch s ny quan trng i vi phn ln cc khch hng cng
nghip hay thng mi. N cn c dng cho cc mng cng cng th loi
khch hng khng a dng lm. Tng t nh SAIFI, n cho bit thng tin v tn
sut trung bnh mt in duy tr.
So kVA ket noi vao he thong b mat
CEMIn
Ch s ny dng theo di s lng n khch hng mt in thong qua ca
mt tp cc khch hng ring bit. Mc ch ca n l gip nhn bit nhng kh
khn ca khch hng m khng th thy c khi s dng ch s trung bnh. N
c xc nh bng:
CEMIn =
CEMSMIn
Ch s ny dng theo di s lng n khch hng mt in ko di v mt
in thong qua ca mt tp cc khch hng ring bit. Mc ch ca n l gip
158
nhn bit nhng kh khn ca khch hng m khng th thy c khi s dng ch
s trung bnh.
CEMSMIn =
NO
Source
Tt c cc phn t u ni tip.
: cng s c
i
Customer Interruption.Durations U i N i
=
N
Customers Served
(37)
(38)
Customer Interruptions
Customer Interrupted
(39)
8760 U i N
8760
(40)
(ASAI<1)
Ch tiu ny c biu din di dng phn s ca thi gian (thng l phn trm),
ni ln thi gian c in ca khch hng trong nm hay trong thi gian c nh
trc.
161
Li phn phi bao gm 1 Recloser (B1), 3 cu ch (F1, F2, F3) v 4 nhm khch
hng (C1, C2, C3, C4). Gi nh rng Re c thit t thng s cho ng cong ct
nhanh. cho n gin, gi nh rng khng c hin tng s c no xy ra trn
nhnh v cc thit b. Cc thng s tin cy ca cc thit b l zero. Do , tt c cc
ch s tin cy li in l zero. Gi nh rng kW/ mi khch hng theo mc nh l
3.
162
163
Ht chng !
164
165
[18]. Hong Kim (Ch bin), K thut lp trnh m phng : Th gii thc v ng
dng, 1997, Nh xut bn Thng k.
[19]. Trn nh Long, Qui hoch h thng nng lng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc k thut.
[20]. Trn nh Long, L thuyt h thng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.
[21]. Nguyn Vn m, Mng li in, Tp 1, 2, 2000. Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut.
[22]. Nguyn Hng Thi, Phn t t ng trong h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[23]. Cao Ho Thi, M hnh m phng, 1999, Tp bi ging chuyn .
[24]. L Vn t, Phn tch & iu khin n nh h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[25]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, M phng vn hnh li in, 2000, Hi
ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[26]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, ng dng cng ngh GIS qun l li
in phn phi, Hi ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[27]. PSS/ADEPT 5.0, Users Guide Shaw Power Technologies - 04 / 2004
[28]. H Vn Hin - H thng in truyn ti v phn phi NXB i hc quc gia
TP. H Ch Minh 2003
[29]. V Ngc Tc M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh NXB Gio dc
2001
[30]. Nguyn Hong Vit Bo v Rle v t ng ha NXB i hc Quc Gia
TPHCM 2003
[31]. C.Russell Mason The Acrt and Science of protective relaying 1967
[32]. Cooper power system Electrical Distribution system Protection 1990
[33]. Cng ty in lc TPHCM Bo co chuyn PSS/ADEPT Phng k thut
cng ty- Thng 08- 2004
[34]. Copper Power Systems- Overcurrent Protection For Distribution SystemSeminar Notes and Reference Materials - 1995
[35]. URL
http://www.pti-us.com
166
P DNG
PSS/ADEPT 5.0
TRONG
LI IN PHN PHI
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Phn 2
Hng dn s dng
H HI THNG 10 NM 2007
p dng
PSS-ADEPT 5.0
trong li in phn phi
Bin son-Trnh by:
Nguyn Hu Phc
ng Anh Tun
Nguyn Tng Linh
Ch bin:
PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Phc
Li ni u
K hoch pht trin ca Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam trc y nay l
Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) n nm 2010 l thch thc ln cho EVN
trong vic qun l hiu qu h thng li in hin ti, va phi m rng pht
trin. Trong vng 5 nm ti, EVN d tnh s xy lp thm 280.000 km ng dy
in phn phi, 14.000 km Truyn ti, 5.000 trm bin p mi; tng gp i s
lng thit b Vin thng, nhm p ng c vic tng 360% nhu cu ph ti
trong nc. Tc tng trng ny a ra nhu cu thng tin cp bch v cng
tc vn hnh h thng in hin c, v v cc d n mi i vi cc nh qun l
ca EVN. T ng ha thng tin s y mnh cng sut cc nh my in, nng
cao chnh xc, v gim thiu nhn cng trong cc quy trnh. EVN cam kt
thc hin nhng d n cung cp thng tin cho vic a ra cc quyt nh tt hn.
Nhng d n ny bao gm: H thng Thng tin Qun l Ti chnh (FMIS), H
thng Thng tin chm sc Khch hng (CCIS), H thng Thng tin a l (GIS)
v trin khai p dng cc phn mm phn tch tnh ton li in.
V vic p dng cc phn mm phn tch v tnh ton li in, t nm 2004
EVN ch o p dng cc phn mm chuyn ngnh tnh ton li in cho
tt c cc n v trc thuc.
Trong cc phn mm tnh ton v phn tch li in hin nay, c nhiu
phn mm phn tch tnh ton nh: Phn b cng sut, ngn mch, t t b ti
u, phi hp bo v.v.vVi cc sn phm thng mi nh: APEN Oneliner, h
PSS/*, CYME, EMTP, VPro.v.vCc phn mm ny c thut ton phc tp v
thng phi qua tp hun mi s dng c. Phn mm PSS/ADEPT ca Shaw
Power Technologics, Inc c s dng rt ph bin.
Chng ti c bit Trng i hc in lc H Ni l trng i hc o
to ngun nhn lc cht lng cao v ch yu cho EVN. Trng i hc in
lc H Ni lun hng n vic y mnh cc nghin cu trin khai nhm gip
cho sinh vin ca trng nm vng nhng kin thc c bn v c k nng thc
hnh trong cc lnh vc cng tc chuyn mn ni chung v p dng cc phn
mm chuyn ngnh tin tin ni ring. Hin nay, trngang trin khai nhiu
chng trnh o to nhm trang b kin thc v k nng s dng phn mm
chuyn ngnh in cho EVN.
Vi vic o to p dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT, cc sinh vin v k s
in sau khi hc xong cc kho hc c th m nhn c vic khai thc v qun
l trc tip cc h thng li in phn phi v c th lm tt cng tc qun l
I
nghin cu, c kh nng thch ng trc s pht trin ca khoa hc, k thut v
gii quyt nhng vn thuc chuyn ngnh in trong qu trnh p dng cc
phn mm cng chc nng.
Hn na, do li in khng ngng pht trin m rng, theo cc yu cu
cung cp in lin tc cho khch hng vi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao
cng gia tng. Thit b trn li in phn phi hin nay vn c c im l a
dng v chng loi, phc tp v cu to. Qu trnh vn hnh nhm thc hin
nhng thao tc mang tnh lp i lp li nhiu ln nhng li i hi chnh xc
cao v vy rt cn thit phi t ng ha bng cch a nhiu thit b t ng, x
l thng tin t ng nhm tng kh nng truyn t v x l thng tin. Bng my
tnh v cc phn mm chuyn dng chng ta c th ngn chn trc v hn ch
hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh li in. Nhng thnh tu mi v Cng ngh
Thng tin nh v kh nng lu tr ca phn cng, tc tnh ton, cc phng
php h chuyn gia, mng neuron, cung cp nhng phng tin v cng c
mnh tng cng nghin cu m rng ng dng trong lnh vc in nng.
m bo v gi vng mi lin h hu c ca cc thnh phn trong h thng sn
xut truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in nng.
Trng i hc in lc H Ni phi hp cng Khoa in-in t
trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh nghin cu p dng phn
mm ny. Trng i hc in lc H Ni thc hin tp hun cho cc n v
trc thuc nhm trang b kh nng s dng phn mm chun tnh ton v phn
tch li in da trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT. iu ny, nhm gip cc n v
in lc tham d tng bc h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng tnh ton
v in trong cc hot ng ca mnh nht l cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh
li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn mch, b
cng sut phn khng, tin cy.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn
tch li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa
v phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao
din ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power
Technologies cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b
sung v cp nht y cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Trng i hc in lc H Ni s trang b kin thc Cng ngh Thng tin
ni chung v phn mm tnh ton k thut chuyn ngnh in ni ring cho cc
n vi tham d kho hc. Trng i hc in lc H Ni thng qua cc kho
II
III
Tm tt ni dung
Gio trnh ny c bin son phc v cho cc bui tp hun s dng phn
mm phn tch v tnh ton li in PSS/ADEPT 5.0. Gio trnh gm cc phn:
Phn 1: Kin thc chun b yu cu-n tp kin thc
Phn 2: Hng dn s dng PSS/ADEPT
Phn 3: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT
Ngoi ra cn c Gio trnh in t lu tr trn a CD-ROM: Gm cc ti
liu a phng tin (Multimedia) h tr thm cho cc hc vin chun b bi hc
trc khi ln lp, n tp sau kha hc v a phng cng tc.
Cc chng trnh chuyn i:
1. Chng trnh Chuyn Excel DAT File.
2. Chng trnh Chuyn DAT File Excel.
3. Chng trnh x l s liu u vo
4. Chng trnh Tnh Cng Sut Ngun.
5. Chng trnh Tnh Tng Tr My Bin Th.
6. Chng trnh thi kt thc kho hc bng trc nghim trc tip trn my
tnh
V cc CD-ROM:
-CD1: Gio trnh in t h tr
-CD2: Cc bi ging v bi tp
-CD3: D liu li in
-CD4: D liu li in (tt) v source cc chng trnh h PSS/*
-CD5: Cc chng trnh h tr kho hc
Gm cc ti nguyn hc tp nh: ti liu tham kho, Users Guide, website
PTI (offline, xem khng cn kt ni internet), web documents, source software
PSS/ADEPT and untilities, cc phn mm chuyn i d liu v demo phc v
ng dng tnh ton bng PSS/ADEPT,
Qua kinh nghim tp hun v gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v in lc
p dng nhanh phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc
tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
IV
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
VI
Ch
Lin quan
V d, bi tp
Lu tp tin v d mu
D liu mu c sn trn CD-ROM/DATA
Ht chng !
VII
Ht chng
Mc lc tng qut
Phn Mt: Kin thc chun b
CHNG 1: M HNH LI IN
CHNG 2 PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 3: NGN MCH
CHNG 4: BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC NH IM DNG TI U
CHNG 5: PHI HP BO V
CHNG 6: SNG HI
CHNG 7: XC NH V TR B TI U
CHNG 8: NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 9: CC VN KHC CA LI IN PHN PHI
Phn Hai: Hng dn s dng phn mm
CHNG 1: HNG DN CI T PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
Phn Ba: K nng p dng
CHNG 1: D LIU CHUN B
CHNG 2: CC BC THC HIN
CHNG 3: MT S KT QU P DNG
CHNG 4: X L S LIU
CHNG 5: B SUNG THNG S DY DN VO T IN DY DN
CHNG 6: BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT QU TNH TON H TR
RA QUYT NH
CHNG 7: C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT S LI IN CA CC
IN LC KHU VC
VIII
Phn Hai:
Hng dn s dng
phn mm
02
IV. To bo co ............................................................................................... 27
CHNG 1:
HNG DN CI T
PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 1:
HNG DN CI T PHN MM
PSS/ADEPT
Trong cc phn mm tnh ton v phn tch li in hin nay, phn mm
PSS/ADEPT ca Shaw Power Technologics, Inc c s dng rt ph bin. Mi
phin bn ty theo yu cu ngi dng c bn km kha cng dng chy trn
my n hay my mng. Vi phin bn chy trn n v kha cng km theo, ch
chy c trn mt my tnh duy nht.
Hin nay c nhiu phn mm gii tch li in vi cc chc nng phn tch
tnh ton nh: Phn b cng sut, ngn mch, t t b ti u, phi hp bo
v.v.vVi cc sn phm thng mi nh: APEN Oneliner, h PSS/*, CYME,
EMTP, VPro.v.vCc phn mm ny c thut ton phc tp v thng phi qua
tp hun mi s dng c.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT (Shaw Power Technologies, Inc) l mt phn mm
phn tch v tnh ton li in rt mnh, phm vi p dng cho li in cao th
cho n h th vi qui m s lng nt khng hn ch v hon ton c th p dng
rng ri trong cc cng ty in lc.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn tch
li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa v
phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao din
ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power Technologies
cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b sung v cp nht y
cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Sau y hng dn cch ci t v g phn mm khi s dng vi h thng
my tnh n v mng.
I. Yu cu v cu hnh my tnh
ci t v chy PSS/ADEPT, my tnh cn p ng cu hnh nh sau
B vi x l Pentium III hay Pentium IV 1.6 Hz.
RAM 256 MB.
50 MB dung lng cng cn trng ci t chng trnh.
H iu hnh Windows 2000, Windows XP hay Windows Vista.
Cng parallel hay USB cm kha cng.
Mn hnh vi phn gii SVGA (1024 768 hay cao hn) .
10
IV. G PSS/ADEPT
Bn c th g b phn mm PSS/ADEPT ra khi my bng cch vo Control
Panel>Settings chn nt Add/Remove. Sau c thnh phn v cc thng tin ng
k ca phn mm s c g b ra khi my tnh ca bn
Ht chng !
11
CHNG 2:
HNG DN S DNG
PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2:
HNG DN S DNG PHN MM
PSS/ADEPT
PSS/ADEPT (The Power System Simulator/Advanced Distribution
Engineering Productivity Tool) l cng c phn tch li in phn phi.
PSS/ADEPT gm c cc chc nng sau :
Phi hp cc thit b bo v.
PSS/ADEPT gip phn tch v tnh ton li in. Tnh ton v hin th cc
thng s v dng (I), cng sut (P, Q) ca tng tuyn dy (ng trc v nhnh r),
ng gi tnh trng mang ti ca tuyn dy thng qua chc nng phn b cng sut
(Load Flow Analysis). Tnh ton xc nh v tr b ti u (CAPO, ti u ha vic
t t b). Tnh cc thng s SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI, CAIDI nh gi tin cy ca
tuyn dy thng qua chc nng DRA. Tnh ton dng ngn mch thng qua chc
nng Fault, Fault All. Chn im dng li ti u (TOPO): chng trnh cho ta
bit im dng li t b tn tht cng sut nht trn tuyn dy . Khi ng ng
c (Motor Starting): chng trnh tnh ton phn tch cc qu trnh xy ra, nh
hng nh th no n tuyn dy, khi c ng c (ng b hay khng ng b) vi
cng sut ln, khi khi ng trong tuyn dy. Phn tch sng hi (Harmonics). Phi
hp cc thit b bo v (Protection Coordination). H tr cho cng tc thit k,
pht trin li in bng cch s dng kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh ti mi
thi im. D on c qu ti cc phn t trn li in.
13
I. Chc nng
I.1.1. Cc chc nng ng dng:
PSS/ADEPT cung cp y cc cng c ( Tools) cho chng ta trong vic
thit k v phn tch mt lui in c th. Vi PSS/ADEPT, chng ta c th:
V s v cp nht li in trong giao din ha
Vic phn tch mch in s dng nhiu loi ngun v khng hn ch s nt
Hin th kt qu tnh ton ngay trn s li in
Xut kt qu di dng report sau khi phn tch v tnh ton
Nhp thng s v cp nht d dng thng qua data sheet ca mi thit b trn
s
I.1.2. Cc phn h ca PSS/ADEPT:
Nhiu module tnh ton trong h thng in khng c ng gi sn trong
phn mm PSS/ADEPT, nhng chng ta c th mua t nh sn xut tng module
sau khi ci t chng trnh. Cc module bao gm:
Bi ton tnh phn b cng sut (Load Flow module c sn): phn tch v
tnh ton in p, dng in, cng sut trn tng nhnh v tng ph ti c th.
Bi ton tnh ngn mch (All Fault- module c sn): tnh ton ngn mch ti
tt c cc nt trn li, bao gm cc loi ngn mch nh ngn mch 1 pha, 2 pha v
3 pha.
Bi ton TOPO (Tie Open Point Optimization), phn tch im dng ti u:
tm ra nhng im c tn hao cng sut nh nht trn li v chnh l im dng
li trong mng vng 3 pha
Bi ton CAPO (Optimal Capacitor Placement), t t b ti u : tm ra nhng
im ti u t cc t b c nh v t b ng ng sao cho tn tht cng sut
trn li l nh nht
Bi ton tnh ton cc thng s ca ng dy (Line Properties Culculator):
tnh ton cc thng s ca ng dy truyn ti
Bi ton phi hp v bo v ( Protection and Coordination)
Bi ton phn tch sng hi (Hamornics): phn tch cc thng s v nh hng
ca cc thnh phn sng hi trn li.
Bi ton phn tch tin cy trn li in (DRA- Distribution Reliability
Analysis): tnh ton cc thng s tin cy trn li in nh SAIFI, SAIDI,
CAIFI, CAIDI
14
15
II. Cc ca s View:
Ca s ng dng View bao gm 4 ca s chnh:
Diagram View ( lun lun xut hin)
Equipment List View ( chng ta c th hin th hoc n)
Progress View (chng ta c th n i)
Report Preview ( xut hin khi chng ta thc report)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Results
Reports
Harmonics ( if licensed for this option)
Mi thanh cng c bao gm cc nt cung cp nhanh cc chc nng trong
PSS/ADEPT. Khi chng ta r chut trn cc nt trn thanh cng c, m text box s
hin th gii thch chc nng ca nt lnh .
23
Hnh 27 Ca s ty chn
24
III.5.
Diagram Toolbar
Thanh cng c Diagram Toolbar cung cp nhiu icon biu din cc phn
t ca mt li in trn Diagram View
25
26
IV. To bo co
IV.1. Results Toolbar:
Thanh cng c ny cho php chng ta ty chn hin th kt qu trn s .
Show phase A: Hin th kt qu cho pha A
Show phase B: Hin th kt qu cho pha B
Show phase C: Hin th kt qu cho pha C
Show Max (A,B,C) : Hin th kt qu ln nht trong 3 pha A,B,C
Show Min (A,B,C) : Hin th kt qu nh nht trong 3 pha A,B,C
IV.2.
Reports Toolbar:
Cho php ta xem kt qu bo co sau khi phn tch:
Branch Current by Phase: bo co kt qu dng nhnh tng pha
Node Voltage by Phase: bo co in p nt tng pha
Power Flow Detailed: bo co chi tit kt qu tnh ton phn b cng sut
Power Flow Summary: bo co tng qut tnh ton phn b cng sut
Branch Power Losses: bo co tn tht cng sut trn nhnh
27
28
29
Ht chng !
30
31
[18]. Hong Kim (Ch bin), K thut lp trnh m phng : Th gii thc v ng
dng, 1997, Nh xut bn Thng k.
[19]. Trn nh Long, Qui hoch h thng nng lng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc k thut.
[20]. Trn nh Long, L thuyt h thng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.
[21]. Nguyn Vn m, Mng li in, Tp 1, 2, 2000. Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut.
[22]. Nguyn Hng Thi, Phn t t ng trong h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[23]. Cao Ho Thi, M hnh m phng, 1999, Tp bi ging chuyn .
[24]. L Vn t, Phn tch & iu khin n nh h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[25]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, M phng vn hnh li in, 2000, Hi
ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[26]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, ng dng cng ngh GIS qun l li
in phn phi, Hi ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[27]. PSS/ADEPT 5.0, Users Guide Shaw Power Technologies - 04 / 2004
[28]. H Vn Hin - H thng in truyn ti v phn phi NXB i hc quc gia
TP. H Ch Minh 2003
[29]. V Ngc Tc M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh NXB Gio dc
2001
[30]. Nguyn Hong Vit Bo v Rle v t ng ha NXB i hc Quc Gia
TPHCM 2003
[31]. C.Russell Mason The Acrt and Science of protective relaying 1967
[32]. Cooper power system Electrical Distribution system Protection 1990
[33]. Cng ty in lc TPHCM Bo co chuyn PSS/ADEPT Phng k thut
cng ty- Thng 08- 2004
[34]. Copper Power Systems- Overcurrent Protection For Distribution SystemSeminar Notes and Reference Materials - 1995
[35]. URL
http://www.pti-us.com
32
P DNG
PSS/ADEPT 5.0
TRONG
LI IN PHN PHI
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Phn 3
K nng p dng
H HI THNG 10 NM 2007
p dng
PSS-ADEPT 5.0
trong li in phn phi
Bin son-Trnh by:
Nguyn Hu Phc
ng Anh Tun
Nguyn Tng Linh
Ch bin:
PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Phc
Li ni u
K hoch pht trin ca Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam trc y nay l
Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) n nm 2010 l thch thc ln cho EVN
trong vic qun l hiu qu h thng li in hin ti, va phi m rng pht
trin. Trong vng 5 nm ti, EVN d tnh s xy lp thm 280.000 km ng dy
in phn phi, 14.000 km Truyn ti, 5.000 trm bin p mi; tng gp i s
lng thit b Vin thng, nhm p ng c vic tng 360% nhu cu ph ti
trong nc. Tc tng trng ny a ra nhu cu thng tin cp bch v cng
tc vn hnh h thng in hin c, v v cc d n mi i vi cc nh qun l
ca EVN. T ng ha thng tin s y mnh cng sut cc nh my in, nng
cao chnh xc, v gim thiu nhn cng trong cc quy trnh. EVN cam kt
thc hin nhng d n cung cp thng tin cho vic a ra cc quyt nh tt hn.
Nhng d n ny bao gm: H thng Thng tin Qun l Ti chnh (FMIS), H
thng Thng tin chm sc Khch hng (CCIS), H thng Thng tin a l (GIS)
v trin khai p dng cc phn mm phn tch tnh ton li in.
V vic p dng cc phn mm phn tch v tnh ton li in, t nm 2004
EVN ch o p dng cc phn mm chuyn ngnh tnh ton li in cho
tt c cc n v trc thuc.
Trong cc phn mm tnh ton v phn tch li in hin nay, c nhiu
phn mm phn tch tnh ton nh: Phn b cng sut, ngn mch, t t b ti
u, phi hp bo v.v.vVi cc sn phm thng mi nh: APEN Oneliner, h
PSS/*, CYME, EMTP, VPro.v.vCc phn mm ny c thut ton phc tp v
thng phi qua tp hun mi s dng c. Phn mm PSS/ADEPT ca Shaw
Power Technologics, Inc c s dng rt ph bin.
Chng ti c bit Trng i hc in lc H Ni l trng i hc o
to ngun nhn lc cht lng cao v ch yu cho EVN. Trng i hc in
lc H Ni lun hng n vic y mnh cc nghin cu trin khai nhm gip
cho sinh vin ca trng nm vng nhng kin thc c bn v c k nng thc
hnh trong cc lnh vc cng tc chuyn mn ni chung v p dng cc phn
mm chuyn ngnh tin tin ni ring. Hin nay, trngang trin khai nhiu
chng trnh o to nhm trang b kin thc v k nng s dng phn mm
chuyn ngnh in cho EVN.
Vi vic o to p dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT, cc sinh vin v k s
in sau khi hc xong cc kho hc c th m nhn c vic khai thc v qun
l trc tip cc h thng li in phn phi v c th lm tt cng tc qun l
I
nghin cu, c kh nng thch ng trc s pht trin ca khoa hc, k thut v
gii quyt nhng vn thuc chuyn ngnh in trong qu trnh p dng cc
phn mm cng chc nng.
Hn na, do li in khng ngng pht trin m rng, theo cc yu cu
cung cp in lin tc cho khch hng vi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao
cng gia tng. Thit b trn li in phn phi hin nay vn c c im l a
dng v chng loi, phc tp v cu to. Qu trnh vn hnh nhm thc hin
nhng thao tc mang tnh lp i lp li nhiu ln nhng li i hi chnh xc
cao v vy rt cn thit phi t ng ha bng cch a nhiu thit b t ng, x
l thng tin t ng nhm tng kh nng truyn t v x l thng tin. Bng my
tnh v cc phn mm chuyn dng chng ta c th ngn chn trc v hn ch
hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh li in. Nhng thnh tu mi v Cng ngh
Thng tin nh v kh nng lu tr ca phn cng, tc tnh ton, cc phng
php h chuyn gia, mng neuron, cung cp nhng phng tin v cng c
mnh tng cng nghin cu m rng ng dng trong lnh vc in nng.
m bo v gi vng mi lin h hu c ca cc thnh phn trong h thng sn
xut truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in nng.
Trng i hc in lc H Ni phi hp cng Khoa in-in t
trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh nghin cu p dng phn
mm ny. Trng i hc in lc H Ni thc hin tp hun cho cc n v
trc thuc nhm trang b kh nng s dng phn mm chun tnh ton v phn
tch li in da trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT. iu ny, nhm gip cc n v
in lc tham d tng bc h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng tnh ton
v in trong cc hot ng ca mnh nht l cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh
li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn mch, b
cng sut phn khng, tin cy.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn
tch li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa
v phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao
din ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power
Technologies cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b
sung v cp nht y cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Trng i hc in lc H Ni s trang b kin thc Cng ngh Thng tin
ni chung v phn mm tnh ton k thut chuyn ngnh in ni ring cho cc
n vi tham d kho hc. Trng i hc in lc H Ni thng qua cc kho
II
III
Tm tt ni dung
Gio trnh ny c bin son phc v cho cc bui tp hun s dng phn
mm phn tch v tnh ton li in PSS/ADEPT 5.0. Gio trnh gm cc phn:
Phn 1: Kin thc chun b yu cu-n tp kin thc
Phn 2: Hng dn s dng PSS/ADEPT
Phn 3: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT
Ngoi ra cn c Gio trnh in t lu tr trn a CD-ROM: Gm cc ti
liu a phng tin (Multimedia) h tr thm cho cc hc vin chun b bi hc
trc khi ln lp, n tp sau kha hc v a phng cng tc.
Cc chng trnh chuyn i:
1. Chng trnh Chuyn Excel DAT File.
2. Chng trnh Chuyn DAT File Excel.
3. Chng trnh x l s liu u vo
4. Chng trnh Tnh Cng Sut Ngun.
5. Chng trnh Tnh Tng Tr My Bin Th.
6. Chng trnh thi kt thc kho hc bng trc nghim trc tip trn my
tnh
V cc CD-ROM:
-CD1: Gio trnh in t h tr
-CD2: Cc bi ging v bi tp
-CD3: D liu li in
-CD4: D liu li in (tt) v source cc chng trnh h PSS/*
-CD5: Cc chng trnh h tr kho hc
Gm cc ti nguyn hc tp nh: ti liu tham kho, Users Guide, website
PTI (offline, xem khng cn kt ni internet), web documents, source software
PSS/ADEPT and untilities, cc phn mm chuyn i d liu v demo phc v
ng dng tnh ton bng PSS/ADEPT,
Qua kinh nghim tp hun v gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v in lc
p dng nhanh phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc
tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
IV
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
VI
Ch
Lin quan
V d, bi tp
Lu tp tin v d mu
D liu mu c sn trn CD-ROM/DATA
Ht chng !
VII
Ht chng
Mc lc tng qut
Phn Mt: Kin thc chun b
CHNG 1: M HNH LI IN
CHNG 2 PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 3: NGN MCH
CHNG 4: BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC NH IM DNG TI U
CHNG 5: PHI HP BO V
CHNG 6: SNG HI
CHNG 7: XC NH V TR B TI U
CHNG 8: NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 9: CC VN KHC CA LI IN PHN PHI
Phn Hai: Hng dn s dng phn mm
CHNG 1: HNG DN CI T PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
Phn Ba: K nng p dng
CHNG 1: D LIU CHUN B
CHNG 2: CC BC THC HIN
CHNG 3: MT S KT QU P DNG
CHNG 4: X L S LIU
CHNG 5: B SUNG THNG S DY DN VO T IN DY DN
CHNG 6: BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT QU TNH TON H TR
RA QUYT NH
CHNG 7: C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT S LI IN CA CC
IN LC KHU VC
VIII
Phn Ba:
K nng p dng
03
III. Bc 2: To s : .................................................................................... 26
III.1. Ngun Source: ..................................................................................................... 27
III.2. Ti Static Load : .................................................................................................. 27
III.3. Dy dn Line : ..................................................................................................... 28
III.4. Nt Node : ........................................................................................................... 28
III.5. T b-Capacitor:..................................................................................................... 29
III.6. Thit b ng ct_Swichs: ...................................................................................... 29
CHNG 4: X L S LIU...................................................................... 89
I. Cc phng php thu thp s liu................................................................ 90
II. Cc phng php x l s liu ................................................................... 90
II.1.1. Phng n cng sut tiu th trung bnh .......................................................... 90
II.1.2. Phng n cng sut tiu th trung bnh b sung............................................. 91
II.1.3. Phng n xy dng th ph ti t th ph ti h th chun ................... 93
II.2. Phng n s dng .................................................................................................. 94
CHNG 1:
D LIU
CHUN B
CHNG 1:
D LIU CHUN B
Qa trnh thu thp d liu v xy dng li in cn tnh ton vo phn mm
PSS/ADEPT mt rt nhiu thi gian v cng sc. Khi xy dng xong d liu li
in cn tnh ton vic thc hin cc chc nng phn tch ca phn mm rt nhanh
chng v n gin.
S liu u vo trong cc phn mm tnh ton k thut in thng l P v Q.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT, cng khng mm ngoi ngoi l . c c cc gi tr
ny, chng ta s s dng cc phng php thu thp d liu thng dng nht ng
vi hin trng thu thp v qun l s liu hin hu ti cc in lc khu vc. Cc s
liu thu thp, sau c x l tnh ton P v Q cho tng nt sau theo 2 thi
im l cao im v thp im ca cc ph ti, sau nhp vo phn mm
PSS/ADEPT tnh cc bi ton yu cu.
Thu thp bn v s li in cn m phng. Sau dng cc cng thc do
nhm nghin cu ng dng t xy dng th hin cc bn v s li in cn
m phng trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT.
Chng ta cn to ra cc tp tin c s li in c phn m rng l *.dat.
Vic ny, nhm khai thc tnh s dng li c ca cc tp tin ny xuyn sut cc
phn h ca PSS/ADEPT, cng nh xa hn na l cc phn mm ca hng Power
Technologies. Cc tp ny d dng chuyn i sang cc dng khc (k c *.adp,)
rt tin li trong qu trnh s dng PSS/ADEPT.
Chng ny trnh by vic chun b cc d liu cn thit bt u p dng
phn mm.
10
11
12
Hnh 11 Hp thoi thuc tnh thit b sng hi v m hnh thit b sng hi trn s
13
14
15
- Cc gi tr t ca cu ch (FCO, LBFCO).
I.3.7. DRA Analysis: Tnh ton tin cy li in
chun b s liu cho bi ton tnh ton tin cy li in, ta cn chun b
cc thng s thng k vn hnh ca tng tuyn dy trung th nh sau:
- Cng s c.
- C lng khch hng ti nt th i.
- Thi gian ct in hng nm.
- S lng khch hng b mt in.
- S lng khch hng b nh hng mt in.
Mt s khi nim trong bi ton tnh ton tin cy li in
I.3.7.1. S c hng hc:
S c hng hc l trng thi ca mt phn t h thng m n khng hot
ng nh mong mun. Kt qu l phi ct phn t ra khi h thng. Tuy nhin
khng phi mi hng hc u a n ct in .
I.3.7.2. Ct thit b :
M t trng thi ca thit b khi n khng c hot ng v mt s cc l do
lin quan n thit b .
Ct cng bc : L hu qu do cc iu kin khn cp lin quan n thit b
cn phi ct tc thi, hoc t ng nh thit b bo v rle, hoc thao tc ng
ct,hoc do tc ng sai ca thit b bo v hay ngi vn hnh thao tc sai.
Ct theo lch : Thit b a ra khi vn hnh theo thi gian nh trc, thng
thng khi c bo tr, sa cha hoc xy dng.
Ct cng bc ngn hn: Do cc s c thong qua gy ra, cc thit b c th
c a vo vn hnh tr li t ng khi cc my ct, my ct t ng li, hoc
khi thay th cu ch.
Ct cng bc do vn hnh : Do cc s c khng th t gii tr c cn
phi sa cha thit b trc khi a vo vn hnh. V d: khi xy ra phng in lm
chc thng cch in , v vy cn sa cha hay thay th trc khi a vo vn hnh.
I.3.7.3. Ngng cung cp in :
Mt in mt hay nhiu khch hng. Nguyn nhn l do mt hay nhiu thit
b ct khi vn hnh.
Mt in nh k : Mt in gy ra do ct theo lch.
16
17
18
19
20
Ht chng !
21
CHNG 2:
CC BC
THC HIN
CHNG 2:
CC BC THC HIN
Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh
sau:
Thit lp thng s mng li
Program, network settings
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
Hnh 20 Chu trnh trin khai phn mm PSS/ADEPT theo Bn bc cn
23
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
Hnh 21 Chu trnh trin khai phn mm PSS/ADEPT
24
25
Cch thao tc: Vo meu File\ Network Economics (hp thoi Economics).
III. Bc 2: To s :
V s li in cn tnh ton vo chng trnh PSS/ADEPT.
Cp nht s liu u vo cho s li in: T s liu qun l k thut ca
in lc chng ta ln lt nhp vo cc gi tr thuc tnh ca cc phn t nh sau:
26
27
III.3. Dy dn Line :
III.4. Nt Node :
28
III.5. T b-Capacitor:
29
Hnh 31 Hp thoi option-Th general: Cc chn la tng qut cho cc bi ton phn
tch
30
Hnh 32 Hp thoi option-Th load flow: Cc chn la cho cc bi ton phn b cng
sut
Hnh 33 Hp thoi option-Th short circuit: Cc chn la tng qut cho cc bi ton
phn tch ngn mch
31
32
Hnh 37 Hp thoi option-Th DRA: Cc chn la cho cc bi ton phn tch tin
cy
33
V. Bc 4: Bo co
Sau khi chy xong mt trong cc chc nng tnh ton trn, bn c th xem kt
qu tnh ton phn tch ca phn mm ti 3 v tr nh sau:
Xem hin th kt qu phn tch ngay trn s
Xem kt qu tnh ton trn ca s progress view
Xem kt qu tnh ton chi tit t phn report ca phn mm
PSS/ADEPT
35
Hnh 42 Hp thoi option-Th general: Cc chn la tng qut cho cc bi ton phn
tch
Hin th cc kt qu report sau khi phn tnh v tnh ton mt bi ton c th,
t y ta c th in n cc kt qu ny mt cch d dng thng qua File\Print.
36
VI. Kt qu xy dng li in
VI.1. S lng cc tuyn dy trung th
T d liu thc t c, qua 4 bc thc hin ta xy dng c m hnh li
in cn tnh ton.
Di y trnh by ton b cc tuyn dy trung th cung cp cho a bn Qun
Tn Bnh c thc hin xy dng d liu trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT bao
gm:
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
37
Thng Long
S n tuyn t AutoCAD
38
S n tuyn t AutoCAD
39
40
41
Ht chng !
42
CHNG 3:
MT S KT QU
P DNG
Ha Xuan Truong
Phone : 0907671078
Email : TruongHaXuan@gmail.com
CHNG 3:
MT S KT QU P DNG
Qua 2 bc chng ta xy dng xong m hnh li in cn tnh ton..
Chng ny trnh by kt qu tnh ton p dng cc bi ton phn tch cho 1 tuyn
dy trung th, nhiu tuyn dy trung th v c a bn do in lc khu vc qun l.
Hy vng cc kt qu p dng ny s gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v nhanh
chng nm bt cc phng php gii bi ton phn tch thng dng.
Cc bi ton phn tch nh: phn b cng sut v tnh ra t l tn tht, tnh
ngn mch, bi ton tnh dung lng b, Cc bi ton ny rt quan trng trong
qu trnh qun l, vn hnh li in bi nhng li ch u th ca n mang li:
Nng cao kh nng ti ca dy dn, gim cng sut ngun, gim c tn tht in
nng li in,. .
Vi c im ca li in trung th in lc khu vc Cng ty in lc 2
tri rng trn a bn ln vi chiu di mi pht tuyn trung bnh ln (hn 10km).
Do vy, s gip cc n v xc nh tn tht cui ng dy, nhu cu cng sut
khng cao v ci thin in p cho li,cng nh nhiu vn ch li khc.
C th nh gi rng, vic p dng phn mm ny, mang li hiu qu thit
thc cho cc n v p dng. c bit vic p dng bi ton tnh dung lng b
gip cc in lc khu vc xc nh nhu cu cng sut khng cho ton li, kim
tra cc v tr b hin hu v phc v cng r sot nh gi tng th bi ton b
theo c th ring ca li in in lc.
Tt c m hnh li in tnh ton u c sn trong CD-ROM pht trong bui
hc
44
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tn tuyn dy
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
T l tn
tht [%]
ng MBT
dy
3.03 2.72
3.09 1.88
2.85 1.92
2.65 2.26
2.48 1.83
2.15 2.16
2.98 2.53
Tn trm ngt -
45
my bin th 15KV
[MVA]
Khng ti
C ti
Tng
1 B Quo
8856
23205
32061
2 Ho Xa
9648
18291
27939
3 Trng ua
2x4
25632
57330
82962
4 Tn Bnh 1
2x4
4824
9145.5
13969.5
5 Ch Ln
2x4
9648
18291
27939
58608 126262.5
184870.5
Tng cng
n v tnh
KVAR
Kwh
%
Kt qu
245,100
3.220.614
0.04
I.1.2.4. Kt qu
T l tn tht trn li in phn phi in lc Tn Bnh nm 2004 nh sau:
- Tn tht trn lui in h th
: 5,36 %
: 4.59%
: 2.10 %
: 0.03%
: 0.04%
: 2.42%
46
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
47
Hnh 52 Tnh ton tn tht trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT tuyn dy Thng Long
Tuyn dy trung th Hc Mn
48
Hnh 55 Tnh ton tn tht trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT tuyn dy Thng Kit
Hnh 56 Tnh ton tn tht trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT tuyn dy Long Qun
50
Tn tuyn
dy
Tn tht Cng
sut
P
(KW)
Q
(KVAr)
4,165.25
2,111.49
9.76
6,820.43
2,807.57
9,639.11
Tn tht in p
U
16.89
8,700.00
87.62
178.22
4,945.99
258.70
T l tn tht [%]
P
8,520.00
0.23
0.80
97.93
8,700.00
8,510.00
1.28
6.35
97.82
534.81
8,700.00
8,450.00
2.68
10.81
97.13
By Hin
2
3
Hc Mn
Thng
Kit
Long Qun
9,867.12
6,373.46
98.20
52.33
8,700.00
8,520.00
1.00
0.82
97.93
TSF
6,952.26
4,593.92
69.13
140.11
8,700.00
8,540.00
0.99
3.05
98.16
Bu Ct
6,388.88
3,591.66
44.54
79.87
8,700.00
8,580.00
0.70
2.22
98.62
Thng Long
11,780.43
5,338.98
326.64
680.63
8,700.00
8,540.00
2.77
12.75
98.16
51
52
53
4. LBFCO nhnh r
2. MC tng - Ngt Di Nguy
54
Gi tr
Inm
13583
15000
Zngun =U/Inm
1.10
Scb
1000000
Ucb
15000
Zcb=Ucb*Ucb/Scb
225
Omh
VA
V
Omh
Z* = Zngun/Zcb
0.0049
dvtd
Z*- pha=Z*/sqrt(3)
0.0028
dvtd
PSS/ADEPT
Gi tr theo TTTT
11133
12000
13817
13583
55
18640
13679
11700
56
PSS/ADEPT
THC T
Manufacture
ASEA
ABB
Type
RXIDF
SPAJ-140C
VERY INVERSE
VERY INVERSE
800/5
800/5
0.5
K=0.5
Pick up (PU)
I>=1.2In
I inst
60
I>>=12In
Tint
0.5
t>>0.5s
Tr s trc nghim
9687A/0.5s
9600/0.5s
Tr s trc nghim
13042A/0.49s
13583/0.41s
Rle MC tng - Ho Xa
Time characteristic
CT
57
58
PSS/ADEPT
Manufacture
CHANCE
Type
Divide ID
Norma rating
THC T
CHANCE
M30KA
M30KA23
30k
30k
III.2. Kt qu phi hp bo v
V tr MC tng Ngt Di Nguy
59
60
61
62
Vi:
Atram i
(1)
: Tng in nng tiu th ti trm h th trong thng
P(t) tram i
Chi tit cc gi thit p dng tnh ph ti bng cng thc (1) c trnh by
bng tnh Excel trong chng trnh HOTEMB 1.0 .
Nhn xt:
63
3. Cc trng thi kha in ban u cha thc hin chng trnh con TOPO
nh sau:
Dy Hng Vng:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 HV
DS 66 Hng Vng
Rec Nhn Tn
LBS Ng Gia T
DS Ng Gia T
LBS 18A L Hng Phong
LBFCO NKQT
DS Thi T 400
DS K Duyn
LBFCO 930 BPh
LBS Quc Ton 407
Rec Ging Quc Ton 3
Rec K Ha
LBFCO Cao Thng 3
LBFCO u NR Cao Thng 3
LBS Cng Binh
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Tri Phng:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 TP
LBS Ng Gia T
DS B Ht
DS Kim Tn
DS Ch C
Rec Qun Y
LBS 3 thng 2
LBS ng Tin
LBS Tri Phng 522
DS K Duyn
Rec Z73
LBS C5
LBS Quc Ton 407
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy 3 thng 2:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
My ct u ngun
LTD 254 Nguyn Ch Thanh
DS Ng Quyn
DS Hong Qun 3
66
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Rec Ch Thanh
LTD Hong Qun 2
LTD 612 Nguyn Ch Thanh
LBS Cng Trng
LTD N6
LBFCO Bo SGGP
Rec Vnh Vin
LTD 539 Nguyn Tri Phng
DS Ng Quyn 314
DS Vn ng
DS L Nam
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Hin Thnh:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 HT
LTD BV Trng Vng
LBS in lc
Rec Trng ua
DS Pacific 1
DS Pacific 2
DS Ng Quyn 314
LBS 3 thng 2
LBS 946 3 thng 2
DS L Nam
LBS L Thng Kit 2B
Rec L Gia 2
LBS N Tr T
LBS Tri Phng 522
LBS C5
LBS Ch Ha
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Hng Thi:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 HThi
Rec Bc Hi
LBS Legamex
Rec Ch Ho 2
LBS Cng Vin L Th Ring
LBS Ch Ha
Rec Ha Hng
LBS Cng Binh
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy L Gia:
stt
Trng Thi
ng
Tn Kha in
67
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
My ct u ngun
Rec i Hnh 441
LBS Quc Ton 946
LBS i Hnh
Rec Cng Trng
DS 46
DS Quan m
LBS Cng Trng
LTD Hong Qun 2
Rec Bnh Thi 15
Rec u C
LBS Bnh Thi 169
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Quc Ton:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
My ct u ngun
DS Quan m
Trng Thi
ng
X
M
X
Dy Bnh Thi:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
My ct u ngun
DS 303 Hn Hi Nguyn
LBS 46
DS Bnh Thi 2
DS Hi Thun
DS 179 H Bnh Thi
LBS ng ch Khim
Rec Gia C Bnh Thi
LBS Lnh Binh Thng
LBFCO Gia C Bnh Thi 6
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Ph Th Ha:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
My ct u ngun
DS Hi Thun
LBS Lc Long Qun 87
Trng Thi
ng
X
M
X
X
Iteration
3
Switch lbs2BLTK [LBSTK2B-NODE51] closed.
Switch lbs2BLTK [LBSTK2B-NODE51] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Iteration
4
Switch Switch78 [LBSLGM-LBSLTRIENG] closed.
Switch Switch78 [LBSLGM-LBSLTRIENG] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Iteration
5
Switch Switch24 [R19BC060D-LBSDH] closed.
Switch Switch24 [R19BC060D-LBSDH] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Iteration
6
Switch RecChiHoa2 [RECH2-REHHUNG] closed.
Switch RecChiHoa2 [RECH2-REHHUNG] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Initial system loss:
Final system loss:
69
A
3 U I tb T
Trong :
70
S 2tai P ta2i
Trong :
Sti: cng sut nh mc ca ti (KVA)
costb: h s cng sut trung bnh ca ti trong 01 thng
V.1.2.3. Cc mc nh ga tin cy p ng tnh.
V.1.2.3.1. Mc th nht:
Nghin cu v kh nng ca h my pht cp in cho ti. H thng truyn ti
khng c xt n mc ny. Ch s tin cy ca mc th nht l Ch S D Bo
Mt Ti (LOLE) v Ch S D Bo Thiu Nng lng Cung Cp (LOEE).
V.1.2.3.2. Mc th hai:
Nghin cu v h thng pht v h thng truyn ti cung cp nng lng ti
cc nt ti. Cc nghin cu ny l nh gi hn hp ca h thng. Ch s ca mc II
mang tnh ton cc hay ti mt thanh ci cung cp in gm c tn sut, thi gian,
ph ti v nng lng.
V.1.2.3.3. Mc th ba:
Lin quan ti c pht in, truyn ti, phn phi xc nh s tng xng
ca ton h thng cung cp n khch hng.
Ch s ca mc th ba ny la ti im tiu th v cc ch s h thng gm c
tn sut, thi gian, ti v nng lng.
V.1.2.4. Cc k hiu trong tin cy:
S = h thng (system)
A = trung bnh (average)
C = khch hng (customer)
Tnh ton
71
Hng nm
Bi h thng
Bi iu min.
Bi cc in Lc.
Phn loi
Duy tr
Thong qua
Khch hng
Ph ti
Trung bnh.
Xc nh.
V.1.2.5. Ch s h thng (System Indices)
C th tnh cc ch tiu hot ng cung cp miu t c tnh thng k nhng
hot ng trc ca h thng.
Cc ch s b sung ny c th c tnh ton bng cch s dng cc ch s c
bn v s lng khch hng v ti kt ni ti mi im trong h thng.
Cc ch s b sung ca h thng l:
Ch tiu tn sut mt in trung bnh ca h thng (SAIFI)
Ch tiu thi gian mt in trung bnh h thng (SAIDI)
Ch tiu thi gian mt in trung bnh khch hng (CAIFI)
Ch tiu tn sut mt in trung bnh khch hng (CAIDI)
Ch tiu kh nng sn sng cung cp (ASAI)
Ch tiu kh nng khngsn sng cung cp (ASUI)
Ch tiu thiu ht in nng (ENS)
Ch tiu thiu ht in nng trung bnh (AENS)
Cc ch tiu trn cng c th c tnh ton d bo kh nng lm vic
trong tng lai.
V.1.2.6. Xc nh cc ch s tin cy:
Cc thut ng c bn ca hng hc, ct thit b v ngng cung cp in
S c hng hc.
72
Ct in, do thao tc ngi vn hnh: Cng bc, tng phn, theo lch,
Qu .
Mt in, do s c: lu di, thong qua, tm thi.
S c hng hc:
S c hng hc l trng thi ca mt phn t h thng m n khng hot
ng nh mong mun. Kt qu l phi ct phn t ra khi h thng. Tuy nhin
khng phi mi hng hc u a n ct in.
Ct thit b:
M t trng thi ca thit b khi n khng c hot ng v mt s cc l do
lin quan n thit b .
-Ct cng bc: l hu qu do cc iu kin khn cp lin quan n thit b
cn phi ct tc thi, hoc t ng nh thit b bo v rle, hoc thao tc ng
ct,hoc do tc ng sai ca thit b bo v hay ngi vn hnh thao tc sai.
-Ct theo lch: thit b a ra khi vn hnh theo thi gian nh trc, thng
thng khi c bo tr, sa cha hoc xy dng.
-Ct cng bc ngn hn: do cc s c thong qua gy ra, cc thit b c th
c a vo vn hnh tr li t ng khi cc CB, my ct t ng li, hoc khi
thay th cu ch.
-Ct cng bc do vn hnh: do cc s c khng th t gii tr c cn phi
sa cha thit b trc khi a vo vn hnh. V d: khi xy ra phng in lm chc
thng cch in, v vy cn sa cha hay thay th trc khi a vo vn hnh.
Ngng cung cp in:
Mt in mt hay nhiu khch hng. Nguyn nhn l do mt hay nhiu thit
b ct khi vn hnh.
-Mt in nh k: Mt in gy ra do ct theo lch.
-Mt in cng bc: gy ra do ct cng bc.
-Thi gian mt in: khong thi gian t lc bt u ct in khch hng cho
n khi phc hi li cho khch hng .
+Mt in thong qua: Mt in c thi gian nh, thit b c a
vo vn hnh tr li, do b phn gim st iu khin t ng hay bng tay
bi ngi vn hnh c th thao tc tc thi.
+Mt in duy tr: l cc trng hp cn li khng thuc loi mt in
thong qua.
73
74
Hnh 74 Lp th ph ti
TRM NGUN
TUYN DY
TRM AN NGHA
BNH KHNH
St
(MVA)
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
1016,9
554,46
8,65
7,37
0,85
953,28
491,99
13,31
9,93
1,40
330,85
170,55
1,34
1,16
0,41
1622,44
3923,47
907,33
2124,33
10,49
33,79
17,95
36,41
0,65
0,86
16
CN THNH
TRM CN Gi
HO V
HNG L
TNG CNG
16
32
TT CS TT CSPK
T L % GHI CH
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
VI.2.2.2. Kt qu b nh sau:
TRM NGUN
TRM AN NGHA
TUYN DY
BNH KHNH
St
TT CS TT CSPK
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
T L %
(MVA)
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
16
1015,37
259,04
7,12
6,05
0,70
950,79
199,37
10,82
8,08
1,14
330,85
170,55
1,34
1,16
0,41
1620,05
3917,06
311,34
940,3
8,1
13,85
27,38
29,14
0,50
0,70
CN THNH
TRM CN Gi
HO V
HNG L
TNG CNG
16
32
76
GHI CH
TT
TT
TT
TT
IN NNG
GIM TT GIM TT GIM
P(KW)
Q(KVAR) P(KW) Q(KVAR)
TIT KIM GHI CH
P(KW) Q(KVAR) T L %
KHNG T KHNG T C T
C T
(KWH)
BNH KHNH
8,65
7,37
7,12
6,05
1,53
1,32
18
36,72
CN THNH
13,31
9,93
10,82
8,08
2,49
1,85
19
59,76
HO V
1,34
1,16
1,34
1,16
0,00
10,49
33,79
17,95
36,41
8,1
13,85
2,39
4,1
27,38
29,14
6,41
7,27
23
19
57,36
153,84
HNG L
TNG CNG
0,65
0,41
0,41
0,5
0
1 Bnh Khnh
2 Cn Thnh
3 Ho V
4 Hng L
Trc khi b.
Sau khi b.
77
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
VI.3.1.2. Xc lp thng s
Xy dng th ph ti nh sau:
Hnh
76
Xy dng th ph ti cho li in in lc Tn Bnh
STT
Base
Relative
duration
(pu)
Scale
Factor
78
Max
Scale
Relative
Factor
duration
(pu)
Note
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
79
80
Tuyn dy trung th Hc Mn
Tnh ton xc nh v tr b ti u trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT
81
82
83
84
85
VI.3.3. Tng hp kt qu b
Tn tuyn dy
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
B TNH
600KVAr/B
Cng
1
600
5
3,000
8
4,800
10
6,000
8
4,800
5
3,000
86
B NG NG
600KVAr/B
Cng
2
8
1,200
4,800
TNG (KVAr)
600
4,200
9,600
6,000
4,800
3,000
GHI
CH
Thng Long
CNG
2
39
1,200
23,400
10
6,000
Ht chng !
87
1,200
29,400
CHNG 4:
X L S LIU
CHNG 4:
X L S LIU
Xc nh cng sut tiu th ca tng ph ti l bi ton u tin cn gii
quyt cho mi bi ton tnh ton trong li in. y cng l vn c nhiu
Cng ty in lc quan tm nhm la chn phng php thu thp d liu kh dng
vi hin trng.
Do vy thc hin chng trnh PSS/ADEPT phc v cho cng vic tnh
ton li in chng ti phi x l cc thng s hin ti in lc c c theo
phng n s c trnh by trong mc 2 phn x l s liu u vo nhp cho
chng trnh PSS/ADEPT.
Ngoi ra chng ti cn cung cp thm nhiu cng c h tr x l d liu.
Chuyn i nhiu nh dng d liu qua li vi d liu ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT.
Sau y trnh by mt s phng n thu thp, x l d liu phc v cho s liu
u vo cc bi ton tnh ton phn tch trong cc phn mm chuyn ngnh in.
89
(1)
Vi:
Atram i
A l ra
90
21
19
17
15
13
11
91
Vi:
(2)
A nhnh r
P(t)nhnh r
P(t) tram i
S
i =1
Vi:
tram i
(3)
Stram i
P(t)nhnh r
P(t) tram i
92
Bc 2:
Chy chng trnh cc chc nng tnh ton ca phn mm.
Bc 3:
Xc nh cc ph ti cn li trn trc chnh, c th xc nh t hiu ca th
tng o c ti l ra v cc th ph ti nhnh r theo cng thc (1)
II.1.3. Phng n xy dng th ph ti t th ph ti h th chun
II.1.3.1. Gii thiu
Phng n ny ch yu da vo tnh cht qui nh loi th ph ti ca trm
bin th h p. Cc dng th c o c trong thi gian di c c th
c trng. Vic phn chia cc loi trm bin th h p c th da vo t l thanh
ton trn ho n tin in. T cc th ph ti chun, nng lng in nng tiu
th v loi trm, ta c th xy dng c th ph ti ti nhnh r hay on trc
ca bt c ng dy trung l no.
II.1.3.2. Nhn xt:
C th ni y l phng n c chnh xc cao nht c th thc hin c
m khng cn u t thm bt c mt thit b ghi d liu no ln li.
Cc th ph ti o c trn cc nhnh ch yu dng kim tra mc
chnh xc ca tnh cht loi ti c xc nh trn cc ho n thu tin in.
Tuy nhin mt nhc im ht sc ln y l phi xc nh th ph ti
chun thun cho tng loi hnh tiu th in nh Thng nghip, khch sn, nh
hng; Qun l v tiu dng dn c ; Cng nghip xy dng . Thc t cc trm
bin th h p cung cp cho nhiu loi h tiu th khc nhau. Vic t b ghi d
liu ti cc trm bin th h p gp kh khn trong vic bo qun, an ninh v s
lng trm cn kho st qu nhiu
.
93
Xy dng
94
tng pht tuyn. Sau tnh ton c thi gian s dng trung bnh ca ton pht
tuyn.
Bc 3: Thu thp in nng tiu th ca tng trm (thng 7/2004) c cung
cp t Phng kinh doanh ca in lc thng qua tp tin ha n ca tng trm
khch hng v trm cng cng. T s liu ny tnh ton c cng sut trung bnh
ca tng trm, trng hp trn tp tin ha n khng c in nng phn khng th
in lc Tn Bnh tm xem costrung bnh ca trm bng costrung bnh ca pht tuyn
.
nh gi u khuyt im ca phng n cng sut trung bnh.
u im: Thu thp c s liu nhanh chng v y , tnh ton d dng v
ph hp. Tnh chnh xc ti u ngun cao.
Nhc im: Theo phng n trn tnh chnh xc trn tng ph ti s khng
ph hp, cn tu thuc vo s vn hnh li in. Khng th xy dng trong
thi gian ngn v chnh xc ca tnh trung bnh s khng cao.
96
END/ TITLE
Kt thc phn tiu .
.
.
Ni dung phn thng s thit lp cho li in.
.
END/ NODES
Kt thc d liu phn Nodes.
.
.
D liu phn Source (Ngun)
.
97
END/ LOADS
Kt thc d liu phn Loads.
.
.
D liu phn Capacitor (T b)
.
END/ CAPS
Kt thc d liu phn Caps.
.
.
Tip tc cho cc phn t khc ca h thng (nu c)
IV.2.
98
99
100
VI.2. S dng chng trnh chuyn bng tnh Excel sang d liu dng
.dat:
Chng trnh PSS/ADEPT c th c cc file dng .dat ca chng trnh
PSS/U nh mt cch k tha v s dng li cc d liu c. Tn dng kh nng ny,
Trung tm iu thng tin cung cp chng trnh chuyn d liu t file dng
Excel (.xls) sang file dng text (.dat). iu ny gip ch rt nhiu cho cng tc nhp
liu ca chng trnh, tn dng c cc c s d liu c trc y ca in
Lc s dng phn mm PSS/U cng nh nhng s liu mi trong cc c s d liu
dng .dbf, .xls.
Sau khi nhp cc s liu cn thit vo bng tnh Excel, in Lc Si Gn s
dng chng trnh chuyn d liu sang dng .dat, sn sng dng PSS/ADEPT x l
d liu.
101
Ht chng !
102
CHNG 5:
B SUNG THNG S DY
DN VO T IN DY DN
CHNG 5:
B SUNG THNG S DY DN VO T IN
DY DN.
in tr v in khng (th t thun, th t khng) ca ng dy l cc
thng s quan trng khi tnh ton cc bi ton trong truyn ti v phn phi in
nng. Cc gi tr ny ngoi vic ph thuc vo bn cht ca dy dn (hoc cp)
cn ph thuc vo cch lp t ca chng nh th no. C ngha l ngoi thnh
phn t thn ca dy dn (hoc cp) th cn c thnh phn tng h gia cc pha
trong mch v ca cc mch c v tr ln cn. C th ly VD khi thay i v tr ba
pha ca mt mch ic hay khi mch in c lp t gn mt mch in khc th
cc gi tr dc trng nu trn chc chn s thay i. thun tin cho ngi s
dng trong vic tnh ton cc thng s ng dy, PSS/ADEPT cung cp mt
module tnh ton ring l :LINE CONSTANT. Ta c th s dng module ny tnh
ton cc thng s ca ng dy da trn tnh cht cc loi dy dn hay cp trong
tp tin th vin *.con qui nh ca chng trnh.Trong tp tin ny c lit k cc loi
dy dn (theo chun no , thng l ca M ) hin hu cng vi cc c tnh k
thut ca n. Ta c th dng chng trnh NOTEPAD thay i cc thng tin ny
ph hp vi mng in c th ca chng ta, cng nh cp nht cc loi dy dn
khc ko c trong th vin. Vn ta s bn sau, y trnh by cch thc s
dng module LINE CONSTANT tnh ton thng s ng dy.
PSS/ADEPT cung cp mt c s d liu cc thit b bo v phc v cho bi
ton tnh phi hp bo v. Ngoi vic cung cp cc thit b bo v c sn trong
CSDL , PSS/ADEPT cn cho php ngi dng thay i cc c tnh k thut ca
cc thit b cng nh cp nht thm cc thit b bo v khc ko c trong CSDL.
Kh nng ny ca PSS/ADEPT rt quan trng v khi ng dng PSS/ADEPT phn
tch cc mng in khc nhau chng ta s phi i mt vi cc thit b bo v rt
a dng do nhiu hng sn xut khc nhau trn th gii. Mt khi trn h thng ca
chng ta c cc thit b khc vi cc thit b c trong CSDl chng ta d dng
cp nht thm s dng. CSDL ny c tn PTIProt. c a ch: C:\Program
Files\PTI\PSS-ADEPT5\Database (gi s C: l a ci t PSS/ADEPT , nu ci
t PSS/ADEPT a khc th ta c th thay i tn a tng ng)
104
105
106
107
Tab ny cho php ngi dng thit lp mi trng lm vic chung : hin th
hnh lang li in nhu th no, mu sc hin th; H n v s dng; loi dy dn
mc nh lm dy tip t; loi dy dn mc nh lm dy pha, cc thng s tng
qut v tn s .
108
109
110
111
112
113
Tin hnh tnh ton ta s dng nt Calculate Impedance trn thanh cng c.
Kt qu xut ra trong ca s nh sau:
114
Ht chng !
115
CHNG 6:
BIU DIN, PHN TCH V
NH GI D LIU
H TR RA QUYT NH
CHNG 6:
BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT
QU PHN TCH H TR RA QUYT NH
Trong mi t chc, mi nh qun l u cn c thng tin vch k hoch, t
chc, bo m thc hin chc nng ca mnh: Ch huy v kim sot. Hiu qu
ca qun l lin quan cht ch ti s lng v cht lng ca thng tin m ngi
qun l nhn c. Nhng lung thng tin lun chuyn trong h thng lin lc ca
t chc. Chng khng ch chuyn giao cc phn t cn thit cho vic ra quyt nh
m cn phi iu phi cc hot ng ca cc c nhn trong t chc iu ha
hp l vi cc mc ch ca t chc. Thng tin c xem l thng tin qun l nu
c nh qun l cn hoc mun s dng thc hin tt chc nng ca h.
H thng thng tin qun l ca in lc hin nay lun c EVN u t pht
trin nh cc chng trnh CMIS, FMIS v c phn mm PSS/ADEPT.
Vi phn mm PSS/ADEPT, ta d dng thc hin cc thao tc biu din, phn
tch v nh gi cc kt qu phn tch li in t phn mm. Vi cc thng tin ny
gip chng ta qun l v ra quyt nh trong qu trnh cng tc. Cc kt qu tnh
ton ca phn mm, gip phn tch, lp k hoch, qun l v ra quyt nh.
H quyt nh: Thc hin cc tc v qun l a ra cc quyt nh chin lc,
chin thut trong thi gian ngn hn hoc di hn.
H tc nghip: Gm cc hot ng thc hin cc cng vic c tnh cnh tranh
mc tiu xc nh bi h quyt nh.
H thng tin: Thc hin vic lin h gia 2 h bo m cho chng vn hnh
n v t cc mc tiu ra.
Bng cc minh ho c th c trnh by trong chng, hy vng s gip cho
cc qu trnh ny din ra hiu qu v nhanh chng.
117
I. Biu din
I.1. Xem cc chiu phn b cng sut
Ta c th xem cc chiu phn b cng sut (dng chy) ngay trc tip trn s
sau khi thc hin gii bi ton phn b cng sut. Chiu phn b ca cng sut
th hin cho c 2 thnh phn: thnh phn cng sut thc (P) v cng sut khng (Q).
Mu sc hin th ca cc thnh phn cng sut c th c chn la sau cho ph
hp nht trn tng s tnh ton. thc hin vic ny, ta thc hin nh sau:
- M mt s li in
- Chy bi ton phn b cng sut. Kt qu chy bi ton phn b cng sut
nh sau:
Hnh 86 M s hin hu
118
119
120
thy c chiu phn b cng sut ta cn thc hin chn power trong
hp danh sch Display ti th Result nh sau.
121
122
123
Hnh 94 Xem th in p
Hnh 95 th in p nt c chn
124
III. nh gi
Sau y minh ho kh nng s dng phn mm nh gi hiu qu cc bi
ton phn tch trc v sau ci to nng cp li in.
i tng nh gi y l mt tuyn dy trung th thuc in lc H Ni.
Bi ton phn tch nhm th hin tnh hiu qu t c khi lp cc gin t b
trn li.
M hnh tnh ton ca tuyn dy trung th thuc in lc H Ni xy dng
trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
125
Hnh 97 M li in c sn
126
Ha Xuan Truong
Phone : 0906561078
Email : TruongHaXuan@gmail.com
127
Vng in p
cao (mu xanh
dng)
Vng in p
thp (mu )
Hnh 101 Hin trng in p ca tuyn dy trc khi gii bi ton CAPO
128
V tr b 1
V tr b 4
V tr b 2
V tr b 3
Kt qu chy bi
ton CAPO
129
Ton b
tuyn dy c
in p t
yu cu (in
p cao-mu
xanh dng)
130
Phn u tuyn
dy:Vng in p
cao (mu xanh
dng)
V tr b 1
131
Phn u tuyn
dy:Vng in p
cao (mu xanh
dng)
V tr b 2
V tr b 1
132
Updating network...
V tr b 2
Phn u tuyn
dy:Vng in p
cao (mu xanh
dng)
Phn sau tuyn
dy:Vng in p
thp (mu )
133
V tr b 1
134
135
Li in h th
c v thm vo 1
nt trung th
136
Hnh 112 Giao din chng trnh tnh Tnh ton tng tr my bin th
Ht chng !
137
CHNG 7:
C KT KINH NGHIM P
DNG TI MT S LI
IN CA CC IN LC
KHU VC
CHNG 7:
C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT
S LI IN CA CC IN LC KHU VC
Hin nay, cc n v in lc khu vc trong cc Cng ty in lc cha c
phn mm mnh tnh ton cc thng s li phc v cc cng tc ca n v.
Chng hn nh: Cc n v ang s dng cc chng trnh theo di mt in,
thng k s v, thi gian mt in nhng cha p dng cc ch s c th nh
gi tin cy cung cp in ca li in. Cc cng ty in lc trn th gii
thng xy dng mt s ch s nh lng c th nh gi. Cc thng s bo co
nh bnh qun khch hng khu vc sinh hot b mt in 3 v/nm, 120 pht/nm,
... s c th, d hiu, d nh gi hn.
Trc bi cnh nh vy, i vi cc Cng ty in lc ang t ra mt s yu
cu sau:
Cc n v qun l li in cn h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng
tnh ton v in trong cc hot ng ca Cng ty nht l cng tc qun l k thut
vn hnh li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn
mch, b cng sut phn khng, tin cy,l cc vn m cc n v cn gii
quyt hng ngy, thm ch hng gi. Thng tin chi tit v s dng phn mm tnh
ton k thut in chuyn ngnh nh PSS/U, PSS/ADEPT, PSS/E.
Trang b kin thc CNTT ni chung v phn mm tnh ton k thut chuyn
ngnh in ni ring cho cc n vi trc thuc trong cc Cng ty in lc. c
th nh gi, theo di v gim st hiu qu cng tc pht trin xy dng mi, i tu
ci to, qun l k thut v vn hnh li in ca cc n v da vo cng c hiu
qu l phn mm tnh ton k thut in PSS/ADEPT.
Trc cc hiu qu tt p do cc phn mm em li, cc Cng ty in lc s
trang b phn mm PSS/ADEPT cho cc n v trc thuc.
Tuy nhin cc Cng ty in lc cn tham kho thm cc kinh nghim p dng
ca cc n v bn trc khi mua cc phn mm ny. Sau y trnh by cc kinh
nghim c kt t qu trnh p dng ca cc n v.
139
I. Tng kt p dng
I.1. Chc nng tnh ton
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT cung cp u cc chc nng tnh ton ton phn
tch li in hin nay.
Cc n v nm vng v s dng thnh tho phn mm PSS/ADEPT bao
gm:
(bn ) v s nguyn l.
Khi p dng cho bi ton vn hnh li in hin hu, cng vic cp nht li
in phi chnh xc ng vi thc t; i vi ng dy vn hnh lu nm, phi
c kinh nghim nh gi h s ng dy ng mi cho kt qu tnh ton ng
140
Nng cao hn tnh chnh xc ca chng trnh bng cch kim tra gi tr
in p ti cc nt cui ngun trn thc t, so snh vi gi tr chng trnh.
Kim tra chnh xc ca bi ton tnh ngn mch bng cch so snh vi
chng trnh tnh ngn mch caTrung Tm iu Thng Tin ti mt s
nt c trng. t c s chnh xc cho bi ton phi hp bo v.
141
142
Cc thng s khai bo tng tr ngun (trm trung gian) khi thc hin tnh
ton phi hp bo v li in cha c ch ng;
143
Ht chng !
144
145
[18]. Hong Kim (Ch bin), K thut lp trnh m phng : Th gii thc v ng
dng, 1997, Nh xut bn Thng k.
[19]. Trn nh Long, Qui hoch h thng nng lng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc k thut.
[20]. Trn nh Long, L thuyt h thng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.
[21]. Nguyn Vn m, Mng li in, Tp 1, 2, 2000. Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut.
[22]. Nguyn Hng Thi, Phn t t ng trong h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[23]. Cao Ho Thi, M hnh m phng, 1999, Tp bi ging chuyn .
[24]. L Vn t, Phn tch & iu khin n nh h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[25]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, M phng vn hnh li in, 2000, Hi
ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[26]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, ng dng cng ngh GIS qun l li
in phn phi, Hi ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[27]. PSS/ADEPT 5.0, Users Guide Shaw Power Technologies - 04 / 2004
[28]. H Vn Hin - H thng in truyn ti v phn phi NXB i hc quc gia
TP. H Ch Minh 2003
[29]. V Ngc Tc M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh NXB Gio dc
2001
[30]. Nguyn Hong Vit Bo v Rle v t ng ha NXB i hc Quc Gia
TPHCM 2003
[31]. C.Russell Mason The Acrt and Science of protective relaying 1967
[32]. Cooper power system Electrical Distribution system Protection 1990
[33]. Cng ty in lc TPHCM Bo co chuyn PSS/ADEPT Phng k thut
cng ty- Thng 08- 2004
[34]. Copper Power Systems- Overcurrent Protection For Distribution SystemSeminar Notes and Reference Materials - 1995
[35]. URL
http://www.pti-us.com
146