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CU HI GI

MN HC: CNG NGH X L NC THI CXNT.M3226A


Tit 1 3: Chng 1 Gii thiu chung 1. Hy cho bit cc ngun pht sinh nc thi? 2. Nc thi sinh hot c th gy ra cc tc hi g cho mi trng v sc khe con ngi? 3. Nc thi cng nghip c th gy ra cc tc hi g cho mi trng v sc khe con ngi? 4. Nc thi bnh vin c th gy ra cc tc hi g cho mi trng v sc khe con ngi? 5. Nc r rc c th gy ra cc tc hi g cho mi trng v sc khe con ngi? 6. Hy cho v d v c tnh nc thi sinh hot. 7. Hy cho v d v c tnh nc thi sinh hot ca mt quc gia no thuc Chu 8. Hy cho v d v c tnh nc thi sinh hot ca mt quc gia no thuc Chu u 9. Hy cho v d v c tnh nc thi sinh hot ca mt quc gia no thuc Ty u 10. Nhn xt g v c tnh nc thi sinh hot ca Vit Nam so vi c tnh nc thi sinh hot ca cc nc 11. Hy cho v d v c tnh mt loi nc thi cng nghip no m anh/ch bit (nc thi dt nhum, nc thi xi m, nc thi ch bin thy sn ng lnh, nc thi ngnh sn xut sa, nc thi ngnh ha cht, ). 12. Hy cho v d v c tnh nc thi bnh vin 13. Hy cho v d v c tnh nc r rc. 14. Quy chun quc gia no c p dng i vi nc thi sinh hot? 15. Quy chun quc gia no c p dng i vi nc thi cng nghip? 16. Quy chun quc gia no c p dng i vi nc thi bnh vin? 17. Quy chun quc gia no c p dng i vi nc r rc? 18. Quy chun quc gia no c p dng i vi nc thi dt nhum? 19. Quy chun quc gia no c p dng i vi nc thi giy? 20. Quy chun quc gia no c p dng i vi nc thi ch bin thy sn? 21. Lm th no xc nh lu lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh t khu dn c? 22. Lm th no xc nh lu lng nc thi cn x l t mt c s sn xut? 23. Lm th no xc nh lu lng nc thi cn x l t bnh vin? 24. Lm th no xc nh lu lng nc r rc cn x l ca bi chn lp hp v sinh? 25. Hy tm v d v cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot hin ang p dng ti TP. H Ch Minh. 26. Hy tm v d v cng ngh x l nc thi bnh vin hin ang p dng ti TP. H Ch Minh. 27. Hy tm v d v cng ngh x l nc r rc hin ang p dng ti TP. H Ch Minh. 28. Hy tm v d v cng ngh x l mt loi nc thi cng nghip t chn hin ang p dng ti TP. H Ch Minh. 29. Hy chng minh rng c tnh nc thi khc nhau s nh hng rt nhiu n phng n cng ngh la chn. 30. Hy chng minh rng c im ngun tip nhn s nh hng rt nhiu n phng n cng ngh la chn. Tit 4-6: Chng 2 Song chn rc 31. Trong trng hp no bt buc phi lp t song chn rc trong h thng x l nc thi? 32. Cho bit v tr song chn rc trong trm x l nc thi? 33. C th phn loi song chn rc theo nhng cch no?
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34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

Yu t no nh hng n tn tht p lc qua song chn rc sch? Lm th no xc nh tn tht qua song chn rc ang vn hnh? Lm th no c tnh lng rc b gi li song chn rc th? Da trn c s no la chn phng n lm sch song chn rc? Da trn c s no la chn gc nghing t song chn rc? Da trn c s no la chn kch thc khe ca song chn rc? Lm th no c th xc s lng khe h (v s lng thanh chn) ca song chn rc? Ti sao khi xc nh s lng khe h ca song chn rc phi tnh theo Qmax? Lm th no xc nh kch thc song chn rc (chiu di, chiu rng)? Lm th no xc nh kch thc mng dn t song chn rc? Lm th no xc nh chiu cao lp nc trong mng dn nc thi trc song chn rc? Lm th no xc nh chiu cao lp nc trong mng dn nc thi sau song chn rc? Khong khng gian xung quanh song chn rc c thit k da trn yu t no? Ti sao cn kim sot vn tc nc thi qua song chn rc khng c nh hn 0,4 m/s? Ti sao cn kim sot vn tc nc thi qua song chn rc khng c ln hn 1,0 m/s? Ti sao cn kim tra tn tht p lc qua song chn rc sch khi thit k? Trong trng hp tn tht p lc qua song chn rc sch qu ln, lm th no hiu chnh? Lm th no lm sch song chn rc? Chu k lm sch song chn rc ph thuc vo yu t no? Trong trng hp no t song chn rc song song vi my nghin rc? Trong trng hp no t song chn rc trc my nghin rc? Song chn rc mn c t v tr no trong trm x l nc thi? Trong trng hp no khng cn s dng song chn rc mn? Tn tht p lc qua song chn rc mn c tnh ton nh th no? Yu t no nh hng n tn tht p lc qua song chn rc mn? Kt qu tnh ton thit k song chn rc phi a ra c nhng thng s no? Lm th no kim chng kt qu tnh ton thit k song chn rc?

Tit 7: Chng 2 My nghin rc 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. My nghin rc c s dng trong trm x l nhm mc ch g? C bao nhiu loi my nghin rc? Trong trng hp no cn s dng my nghin rc? Trong trng hp no cn s dng my nghin rc cng vi song chn rc? Trong trng hp no c th ch s dng my nghin rc khng cn song chn rc? t my nghin rc trc song chn rc c hp l khng? Da trn c s no xc nh s lng my nghin rc cn lp t? My nghin rc c b tr nhng v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? Lm th no tnh ton mng dn t my nghin rc? ch li khi s dng my nghin rc l g? Bt li khi s dng my nghin rc l g? Lm th no xc nh ti trng cht hu c do rc sau khi nghin gy ra?

Tit 8-11: Chng 2 B lng ct 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. B lng ct c phi l cng trnh bt buc trong h thng x l nc thi khng? Trong trng hp no c th b qua b lng ct? Ngun to ra ct trong nc thi? Lm th no xc nh lng ct c trong nc thi? Yu t no nh hng n lng ct c trong nc thi cn x l?
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B lng ct c thit k loi b ct c kch bao nhiu? ln thy lc ca ht ct l g? Yu t no nh hng n ln thy lc ca ht ct? Hy trnh by c s l thuyt xc nh vn tc lng ca ht ct? Vi cng thc xc nh vn tc lng ca ht ct c dng hnh cu trong mi trng lng tnh, hy cho bit yu t no nh hng n vn tc lng ca ct? 83. Cc loi b lng ct c phn loi theo nhng hnh thc no? 84. Trong trng no nn s dng b lng ct ngang? 85. Trong trng hp nn s dng b lng ct thi kh? 86. Lm th no xc nh chiu di cng tc ca b lng ct? 87. Yu t no nh hng n chiu di cng tc ca b lng ct? 88. Khi thit k b lng ct vi mc ch loi cc loi ct c kch thc khc nhau c lm nh hng n kt qu tnh ton chiu di cng tc ca b lng ct khng? 89. Lu lng nc thi dao ng cao c nh hng n kt qu tnh ton chiu di cng tc ca b lng ct khng? 90. Din tch b mt ca b lng ct ph thuc vo yu t no? 91. Ti sao khi tnh ton din tch b mt ca b lng ct phi s dng Qmax? 92. Thi gian lu nc trong b lng ct ngang dao ng trong khong no? 93. Ti sao khi thit k b lng ct ngang cn kim sot vn tc nc chy theo phng ngang khng c vt qu 0,3 m/s? 94. Ti sao khi thit k b lng ct ngang cn kim sot vn tc nc chy theo phng ngang khng c t hn 0,15 m/s? 95. Ti sao khi thit k b lng ct ngang cn lu khi Qmax thi gian lu nc trong b khng c nh hn 30 giy? 96. Chiu cao hu dng trong b lng ct c kim sot da trn yu t no? 97. Chng minh rng i vi b lng ct ngang t l L/H ~ 14-18. 98. Kch thc vng cha ct trong b lng ct ph thuc vo yu t no? 99. Din tch sn phi ct ph thuc vo yu t no? 100. Ti sao sn phi ct cn phi c b cao 1-2 m? 101. Nc sinh ra t sn phi ct s c x l nh th no? 102. Trong trng hp no nn s dng b lng ct thi kh? 103. B lng ct thi kh c u im g? 104. Nhng bt li g c th gp phi khi s dng b lng ct thi kh? 105. Ti sao b lng ct thi khi c thi gian lu nc di hn b lng ct ngang? 106. Lng kh cn cung cp cho b lng ct thi kh ph thuc vo yu t no? 107. Nu lng kh cung cp qu nhiu hay qu t s nh hng th no n hiu qu qu trnh lng ct? 108. Ti sao b lng ct thi kh c chiu su lp nc cao hn so vi b lng ct ngang? 109. H thng thi kh cn b tr v tr no trong b lng ct thi kh? 110. Lm th no lm sch ct trong b lng ct? Tit 12-13: Chng 2 B iu ha 111. Mc ch s dng b iu ha? 112. Trong trng hp no khng cn s dng b iu ha? 113. B iu ha c b tr v tr no trong trm x l nc thi? 114. Da trn c s no la chn phng n chng lng cn trong b iu ha? 115. Ti sao khi hm lng cn l lng > 500 mg/L, phi s dng phng php khuy trn chng lng cn trong b iu ha? 116. Yu t no nh hng n lu lng kh cn cung cp trong b iu ha? 117. Trong trng hp no khng cn thi kh b iu ha? 118. Trnh by phng php tnh ton thit k b iu ha iu ha lu lng.
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78. 79. 80. 81. 82.

119. Trnh by phng php tnh ton thit k b iu ha iu ha nng . 120. Trnh by phng php tnh ton thit k b iu ha lu lng v nng . 121. Chiu cao an ton i vi b iu ha ph thuc vo yu t no? 122. Lm th no xc nh h s iu ha yu cu kyc? 123. Th tch b iu ha x nc tp trung ph thuc vo yu t no? 124. Khi nng dao ng theo chu k, th tch b iu ha ph thuc yu t no? 125. Cn trang b thit b g cho b iu ha? 126. Nu s dng ao h sn c lm b iu ha, yu cu k thut no bt buc phi bo m i vi loi b ny? 127. Trong trng hp no cn phi y kn b iu ha? 128. Nu mun xc nh dung tch b iu ha iu ha lu lng, thng s no bt buc phi c? 129. Nu khng xc nh c bin thin lu lng theo cc gi khc nhau trong ngy, c th xc nh c dung tch b iu ha dng iu ha nng khng? 130. Qu trnh phn hy cht hu c c xy ra trong b iu ha khng? Tit 14-16: Chng 2 B tch du v b tuyn ni 131. Vai tr ca b tch du trong h thng x l nc thi? 132. B tch du nm v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 133. Trong trng hp khng cn thit s dng b tch du? 134. Ti sao cn kim sot vn tc nc vo b tch du trong khong 4-6 mm/s? 135. B tch du thng c dng g? Ti sao? 136. Ti sao khi thit k b tch du thng lm 2 ngn? 137. Ti sao cn kim sot t l chiu di v chiu su lp nc trong b tch du trong khong 15-20? 138. Cn c lng c trong b tch du khng? Ti sao? 139. Ti sao khi thit k b tch du cn khng ch thi gian lu nc 2 gi? 140. Lp du ni trong b tch du thng kim sot mc bao nhiu? 141. Lm th no lm sch lp vn du ni trong b tch du? 142. Trong trng hp no cn s dng b tuyn ni? 143. B tuyn ni nm v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 144. M t h thng tuyn ni DAF. 145. H thng tuyn ni bng kh ha tan khc g so vi h thng tuyn ni bng kh phn tn? 146. Trong trng hp no nn s dng h thng DAF khng c dng tun hon? 147. Trong trng hp no nn s dng h thng DAF c dng tun hon? 148. So snh nhng u v nhc im chnh ca h thng DAF c v khng c dng tun hon. 149. Lng kh cn cung cp cho h thng DAF ph thuc vo yu t no? 150. Trong trng hp no s dng b tuyn ni hnh trn? 151. Trong trng hp no s dng b tuyn ni hnh ch nht? 152. Thi gian lu nc trong b tuyn ni thng c kim sot trong khong no? 153. Lm th no kim tra kt qu tnh ton thit k b tuyn ni c ph hp khng? 154. Yu cu k thut i vi b khuych tn? 155. Dung tch b khuych tn ph thuc vo yu t no? 156. Cn thi gian bao lu c th bo ha kh vo nc? 157. Qu trnh lng cn c xy ra trong b tuyn ni khng? 158. Khi s dng b tuyn ni c cn phi b tr thm cng trnh b lng t 1 khng? 159. Lm th no thu nc sch ra khi b tuyn ni? 160. Nhit c nh hng n hiu qu qu trnh tuyn ni khng?

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Tit 17-19: Chng 2 B lng t 1 161. Vai tr ca b lng trong h thng x l nc thi? 162. B lng t 1 nm v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 163. Trong trng hp no c th b qua b lng t 1? 164. Cc dng b lng c phn loi nh th no? 165. Cho bit im khc bit c bn gia b lng ngang v b lng ng? 166. Trong trng hp no cn s dng b lng c vch ngn? 167. B lng ly tm khc g so vi b lng ng? 168. Da trn c s no la chn phng n b lng? 169. Khi thit k b lng ngang, ti sao vn tc nc chy theo phng ngang phi c kim sot trong khong 5-10 mm/s? 170. B lng t 1 s dng loi cn c ln dao ng trong khong no? 171. ln thy lc ca cn l lng ph thuc vo yu t no? 172. Trong b lng c bao nhiu vng? 173. Yu t no nh hng n kt qu tnh ton chiu di vng lng ca b lng ngang? 174. Chiu su vng lng trong b lng ngang ph thuc vo yu t no? 175. Nu thit k vng lng qu nng hay qu su s nh hng th no n hiu qu lng? 176. Ti sao khng c thit k chiu su vng lng ln hn 4 m? 177. Ti sao khng c thit k chiu su vng lng ln hn 1,5 m? 178. Kch thc vng cha bn trong b lng ngang ph thuc vo yu t no? 179. Mng thu nc ra khi b lng ngang c th c b tr nh th no? 180. Kch thc mng thu nc ph thuc vo yu t no? 181. Lm th no lm sch cn trong b lng t 1? 182. Lm th no kim tra kt qu tnh ton thit k b lng c hp l khng? 183. Ti sao cn gii hn ng knh b lng ng trong khong 4-9 m? 184. Ti sao vn tc nc trong ng trung tm phi khng ch 30 mm/s 185. Tm ht c tc dng g? 186. Tm ht c b tr v tr no trong b lng ng? 187. Ti sao phi kim sot vn tc nc qua khe gia mp di ca ng trung tm v tm ht 20 mm/s 188. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b lng b lng ngang. 189. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b lng ng. 190. Tnh ton thit k b lng ly tm. Tit 20-23: Chng 2 B lc 191. Vai tr ca qu trnh lc trong x l nc thi? 192. B lc vi vt liu lc dng ht khc g so vi b lc mng? 193. B lc c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 194. B lc tch cn l lng khc g so vi b lc sinh hc? 195. C th phn loi b lc vi vt liu lc dng hng theo nhng cch no? 196. B lc chm c s dng trong trng hp no? 197. B lc nhanh c s dng trong trng hp no? 198. Trong trng hp no cn s dng b lc p lc? 199. So snh nhng c im c bn gia b lc ct nhanh v b lc ct chm. 200. So snh nhng c im c bn gia b lc nhanh v b lc p lc. 201. Lm th no ra lc i vi b lc nhanh? 202. Lm th no ra lc i vi b lc chm? 203. C th ra lc ng thi vi qu trnh lc khng? 204. Ra lc ch bng nc v ra lc bng kh kt hp vi nc c u v nhc im g? 205. H thng phn phi nc vo b lc nhanh v h thng thu nc ra lc c b tr nh th no?
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206. Da vo c s no la chn loi vt liu lc trong b lc? 207. Lm th no xc nh kch thc ht vt liu lc ph hp s dng trong b lc? 208. Vt liu lc phi m bo nhng yu cu k thut no? 209. Chiu cao lp vt liu lc trong b lc c kim sot da trn c s no? 210. Chiu cao lp nc trn lp vt liu lc trong b lc nhanh cn bo m yu cu g? Ti sao? 211. Chiu cao lp nc trn lp vt liu lc trong b lc chm cn bo m yu cu g? Ti sao? 212. Din tch b mt b lc ph thuc yu t no? 213. Yu t no gy ra hin tng p sut m trong b lc? 214. Lm th no hn ch hin tng p sut m trong b lc? 215. Trong trng hp no cn s dng b lc a lp? 216. Da trn c s no b tr th t cc lp vt liu lc khc nhau trong b lc? 217. Lm th no xc nh thi im cn tin hnh ra lc? 218. S lng b lc trong trm x l nc thi c xc nh trn c s no? 219. Lm th no ra lc trong b lc chm? 220. Nc thi sinh ra t qu trnh ra lc s c x l nh th no? 221. Qu trnh ra lc trong b lc p lc ging hay khc qu trnh ra lc trong b lc nhanh? 222. Nc thi sau khi x l ti b lc nhanh c cn qua cng on kh trng khng? 223. Nc thi sau khi x l ti b lc p lc c cn qua cng on kh trng khng? 224. Yu cu v c tnh nc thi vo b lc nhanh? 225. Yu cu v c tnh nc thi vo b lc p lc? 226. Yu cu v c tnh nc thi vo b lc chm? 227. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b lc nhanh. 228. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b lc chm. 229. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b lc p lc. 230. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b lc bng vt liu ni. Tit 24-28: Chng 3 - Cc cng trnh x l ha hc v ha l 231. Trong trng no cn s dng h thng keo t to bng? 232. H thng keo t to bng c b tr v tr no trong trm x l nc thi? 233. H thng keo t to bng gm nhng cng trnh g? 234. Lm th no xc nh loi v liu lng cht keo t cn s dng trong h thng? 235. H thng khuy trn trong b keo t v to bng nn c b tr nh th no? 236. Tc khuy trn trong b keo t v b to bng ging hay khc nhau? Ti sao? 237. Lm th no kim sot pH trong b keo t v to bng? 238. Qu trnh keo t, to bng v lng c th xy ra trong cng mt b khng? l b g? 239. Cc thit b g cn b tr trong h thng keo t v to bng? 240. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k h thng keo t v to bng 241. Trong trng hp no cn s dng b hp th/hp ph? 242. V tr b hp th/hp ph trong trm x l nc thi? 243. Vt liu hp ph c la chn da trn c s no? 244. Lm th no ti sinh vt liu hp ph? 245. Lng vt liu hp ph/hp th cn thit c tnh ton da trn c s no? 246. Kch thc thp hp ph/hp th ph thuc vo yu t no? 247. Kch thc ht ca vt liu hp ph c nh hng n kt cu cng trnh b hp ph khng? 248. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b hp th/hp ph. 249. Trong trng hp no cn s dng h thng trao i ion trong trm x l nc thi? 250. H thng trao i ion c th c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi?
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251. u v nhc im ca cng ngh trao i ion trong x l nc thi? 252. Nc thi vo h thng trao i ion cn c c tnh nh th no? 253. Trong trng hp no c th s dng ch thp trao i cation? 254. Trong trng hp no c th s dng ch thp trao i anion? 255. Lm th no hon nguyn nha trao i cation? 256. Lm th no hon nguyn nha trao i aion? 257. Lm th no xc nh lng nha trao i cation cn thit trong thit b trao i cation? 258. Lm th no xc nh lng nha trao i anion cn thit trong thit b trao i anion? 259. Vn tc nc lc qua thit b trao i ion c nh hng th no n hiu qu qu trnh trao i ion? 260. Nc qua thit b trao i ion thng c kim sot tc c lc bao nhiu? 261. Da trn c s no xc nh ng knh thp trao i ion? 262. Loi nha trao i ion cn s dng c la chn da trn nhng yu t no? 263. Thit b trao i ion c lm bng vt liu g? 264. Nc thi sinh ra t qu trnh hon nguyn nha trao i ion c x l nh th no? 265. ng dn nc vo v thu nc ra khi thit b trao i ion cn c b tr nh th no? 266. Lm th no xc nh c thi im cn hon nguyn nha trao i ion? 267. Lm th no xc nh c thi im cn thay nha trao i ion mi? 268. Qu trnh trao i ion nhiu bc c lm tng hiu qu qu trnh kh ion trong nc thi khng? 269. Cc thit b g cn b tr trong h thng trao i ion? 270. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k h thng trao i ion. 271. C th s dng cc loi ha cht no thc hin qu trnh kh trng? 272. B tip xc ng vai tr g trong h thng x l nc thi? 273. Trong trng hp no khng cn s dng b tip xc? 274. B tip xc c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 275. Yu t no nh hng n hiu qu qu trnh kh trng trong b tip xc? 276. Thi gian lu nc ti thiu trong b tip xc phi bo m trong khong bao lu? 277. Lm th no xc nh liu lng cht kh trng cn s dng? 278. Lm th no tng hiu qu tip xc gia ha cht kh trng v nc thi? 279. Bn lng trong b tip xc c x l nh th no? 280. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b tip xc. Tit 29-32: Chng 4: Cng trnh x l bng phng php sinh hc k kh 281. Qu trnh phn hy sinh hc k kh xy ra theo nhng giai on no? 282. Cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc k kh no thng c s dng trong x l nc thi? 283. u im v nhc im ca cng ngh x l sinh hc k kh so vi cng ngh x l sinh hc hiu kh? 284. Cc cng trnh x l sinh hc k kh thng c b tr nhng v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 285. Hy lit k mt s cng trnh x l sinh hc k kh vi vi sinh vt tng trng dng l lng. 286. Hy lit k mt s cng trnh x l sinh hc k kh vi vi sinh vt tng trng dng dnh bm. 287. Trong trng hp no nn s dng UASB trong x l nc thi? 288. Qu trnh hnh thnh bn ht trong b UASB xy ra nh th no? 289. u v nhc im ca b UASB so vi h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh?
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290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330.

Phm vi ng dng ca b UASB. Cu to b UASB v quy trnh vn hnh. Cc phng php tnh ton thit k b UASB. Nhit nh hng th no n vic xc nh dung tch b UASB? C cn kim sot nc thi i vo b UASB khng? Ti sao? c tnh bn trong b UASB nh hng th no n yu cu kch thc b? Lm th no xc nh kch thc thit b tch ba pha rn-lng-kh trong b UASB? Lm th no xc nh thi gian lu bn thch hp trong b UASB? Lm th no xc nh lng bn d sinh ra t b UASB? Nc thi vo b UASB cn phi c c tnh nh th no? Nc thi c hm lng Ca2+ cao s nh hng th no n hot ng ca b UASB? Lm th no hn ch nh hay khng ch nh hng ca Ca2+ trong nc thi n hot ng ca b UASB? UASB c th x l cht hu c vi ti trng dao ng trong khong no? C th s dng UASB x l cht hu c i vi nc thi c nng cht hu c thp (500-1000 mg/L) khng? Lng bn trong b UASB cn kim sot vi hm lng bao nhiu? Nc thi vo b UASB c hm lng cn l lng trong cao s nh hng th no n b UASB? Ngun gc v liu lng vi sinh vt cn duy tr trong b UASB? Cc yu t no nh hng n hiu qu hot ng ca b UASB? Khi thit k b UASB c cn s dng cc thng s ng hc khng? Lm th no xc nh th tch thp hp thu cn thit hp thu kh sinh ra t b UASB? Lm th no xc nh c dung dch hp thu bo ha, cn thay mi? Lm th no xc nh lng kh sinh ra t qu trnh phn hy k kh trong b UASB? Nc thi c phn phi vo b UASB nh th no? Hy phn tch u v nhc im ca h thng phn phi nc c b tr y b so vi h thng c b tr bn trn b. Trong trng hp h thng phn phi nc vo b b tt, lm th no lm sch? Ti sao khi vn hnh UASB cn bo m pH ca nc thi vo h thng ln hn 6,2? Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b UASB. M t b ASBR. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b ASBR M t b ABR (Anaerbic Baffled Reactor) v mc ng dng thc t. M t b AMBR (Anaerobic Migrating Blanket Reactor) v mc ng dng thc t. M t b lc k kh dng chy ngc (Anaerobic Upflow Packed-bed Reactor) M t b Anaerobic Expanded-bed reactor. M t b k kh tng si (Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor) B lc sinh hc k kh UAF c s dng trong nhng trng hp no? Cc yu t no c th nh hng n hot ng ca b UAF? Cc loi vt liu no c th s dng lm vt liu tip xc trong b UAF? M t b Downflow Anaerobic Attached Growth Reactor. M t h k kh (Covered Anaerobic lagoon) u v nhc im ca h k kh so vi cc thit b k kh m t trn. Trong trng hp no nn s dng h k kh?

Tit 34-45: Chng 5 - Cng trnh x l bng phng php sinh hc hiu kh 331. Qu trnh phn hy sinh hc hiu kh xy ra theo nhng giai on no? 332. Cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc hiu kh no thng c s dng trong x l nc thi?
viii

333. C th phn loi cc cng trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh theo nhng cch no? 334. Theo s vn hnh c th phn loi b thi kh trong h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh thnh nhng dng no? 335. Th no l qu trnh bn hot tnh hiu kh? 336. H thng bn hot tnh hiu kh gm nhng cng trnh no? 337. H thng bn hot tnh hiu kh c th c b tr nhng v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 338. Lm th no xc nh dung tch b thi kh? 339. Nng bn trong b thi kh c kim sot trong khong no? 340. Lm th no xc nh lu lng dng tun hon bn? 341. Lm th no xc nh lu lng dng x bn? 342. C th x bn ra khi h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh t nhng v tr no? 343. Lm th no xc nh lng bn d sinh ra t h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh cn x l? 344. Dinh dng v vi lng cho h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh cn c b sung nh th no v da trn c s no? 345. Yu t no nh hng n tc tng trng ca vi sinh vt trong b thi kh? 346. Nhng thng s ng hc no c trng cho qu trnh bn hot tnh hiu kh? 347. Lm th no c gi tr ca cc thng s ng hc s dng trong tnh ton thit k b thi kh i vi mi loi nc thi cn x l? 348. Cc thng s ng hc c ng vai tr nh th no trong vic tnh ton thit k h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh? 349. u v nhc im ca qu trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh dng tng trng l lng? 350. Vai tr ca vic thi kh trong h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh? 351. Lm th no xc nh lng oxy cn cung cp v thit b lm thong cn thit? 352. Lm th no cung cp kh oxy cho b thi kh? 353. Nng oxy ha tan trong b thi kh cn kim sot mc bao nhiu? 354. Ngun gc v lng vi sinh vt cn a vo b thi kh? 355. Lm th no duy tr lng vi sinh vt cn thit trong b thi kh? 356. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b thi kh trong h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh dng lin tc. 357. Khi thit k b lng t 2 trong h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh cn lu nhng im c bit no (so vi b lng t 1)? 358. Nc thi vo b thi kh trong h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh cn c c tnh nh th no? 359. H thng bn hot tnh hiu kh thng x l cht hu c ti trng trong khong bao nhiu? 360. T l F/M c nh hng nh th no n kt qu tnh ton thit k b thi kh? 361. Ti sao cn kim sot chiu cao hu dng trong b thi kh? 362. H thng bn hot tnh hiu kh c p dng x l cc thnh phn nhim no trong nc thi? 363. Cn lp t cc thit b g trong h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh dng lin tc? 364. Trong trng hp no c th thay h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh dng lin tc bng h thng dng m (SBR)? 365. M t cc chu k cn c i vi h thng SBR? 366. u v nhc im ca SBR so vi h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh dng lin tc. 367. Yu t no nh hng n dung tch b SBR? 368. Lm th no thu nc ra khi b SBR m khng nh hng n phn bn lu trong b? 369. C th dng b SBR thc hin qu trnh x l nit khng? 370. C th dng b SBR ch thc hin qu trnh kh nitrat khng? 371. C th dng b SBR x l kt hp cht hu c v nit khng?
ix

372. 373. 374. 375. 376. 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. 399. 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411. 412.

Trang thit b g cn lp t c th vn hnh b SBR? Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b SBR. M t b lc nh git. So snh c im ca b lc nh git so vi b bn hot tnh hiu kh vi vi sinh vt tng trng dng dnh bm. So snh c im ca b lc nh git so vi b RBC. Trong trng hp no nn s dng b lc nh git? B lc nh git c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? Vai tr ca b lc nh git trong h thng x l nc thi? Yu cu ca nc thi vo b lc nh git. Trong trng hp no khng cn b tr dng tun hon nc thi i vi b lc nh git? Lm th no xc nh lu lng dng tun hon cn thit? C cn b tr dng tun hon bn cho b lc nh git khng? C th b qua ng tun hon nc i vi b lc nh git khng? Da trn c s no la chn loi vt liu dnh bm thch hp cho b lc nh git? Chiu cao lp vt liu lc trong b lc nh git c nh hng n hiu qu qu trnh x l khng? Yu t no nh hng n dung tch lc nh git? Khng kh c cung cp cho b lc nh git bng cch no? Trong trng hp no cn cp kh cng bc cho b lc nh git? H thng phn phi nc vo b lc nh git c im g c bit? Lm th no xc nh s cnh tay n cn thit ca h thng phn phi nc thi trong b lc nh git? Ti sao phi khng ch khong cch t b mt lp vt liu n vi phun trong khong 0,2-0,3 m? S lng v ng knh l trn ng ti nc (cnh tay n) ca h thng phn phi nc trong b lc nh git c kim sot da trn yu t no? Tc quay ca dn ng phn phi nc trong b lc nh git ph thuc vo yu t no? Tc ti nc thi trong b lc nh git c b thay i theo ti trng cht hu c khng? Ti sao cn kim sot p lc ti l phun 0,5 m? Sn lp vt liu lc trong b lc nh git phi bo m cc yu cu k thut g? Ti sao thnh b lc nh git phi cao hn lp vt liu lc 0,5 m? T phng trnh xc nh nng cht hu c cn li sau khi x l bng b lc nh git, hy cho bit yu t no nh hng n hiu qu x l cht hu c trong b? T cng thc xc nh hiu qu x l ca b lc nh git, hy cho bit yu t no quyt nh n hiu qu hot ng ca b? Nhit nh hng th no n hiu qu x l cht hu c trong b lc nh git? Cho bit phn thu nc thi sau x l ca b lc nh git c c im nh th no? Lm th no xc nh lng bn sinh ra t b lc nh git? Cc thit b no cn lp t c th vn hnh b lc nh git. C cn b tr b lng t 2 sau b lc nh git khng? B lng t 2 sau b lc nh git c thit k vi yu cu k thut nh th no? Th hin bng thng s no? Trong trng hp no khng cn thit b tr b lng t 2 sau b lc nh git? Hy v s dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc thi c s dng b lc nh git. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b lc nh git. Trong trng no nn s dng b RBC? B RBC thng c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? Vai tr ca b RBC trong h thng x l nc thi
x

413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 419. 420. 421. 422. 423. 424. 425. 426. 427. 428. 429. 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. 445. 446. 447. 448. 449. 450.

M t b RBC. u v nhc im ca b RBC so vi b lc nh git Trnh by cc cch sp xp h thng RBC Cc thit b c kh no cn phi c trong h thng RBC Ti sao chiu di trc quay c kim sot ln nht l 8,23 m? Yu t no nh hng n vic la chn chiu di trc quay trong h thng RBC? Da trn c s no la chn a tip xc sinh hc (vt liu tip xc)? Dung tch b cha nc thi trong h thng RBC ph thuc yu t no? Lm th no cp kh cho h thng RBC? a quay sinh hc phi c b tr ngp trong nc bao nhiu phn trm? Ti sao cn b tr mi che trong h thng RBC? Mi che cn bo m cc yu cu k thut no? H thng RBC c th c s dng kh nitrat khng? H thng RBC c th c s dng thc hin qu trnh nitrat ha khng? H thng RBC c th c s dng kh phospho khng? C cn b tr b lng t 2 sau b RBC khng? Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton h thng RBC. Trong qu trnh vn hnh nu h thng b sock ti trng, lm th no gii quyt? Hy v s dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc thi c s dng RBC. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k h thng RBC Vai tr ca mng oxy ha trong h thng x l nc thi? V tr ca mng oxy ha trong h thng x l nc thi? Trong trng hp no nn s dng mng oxy ha? u v nhc im ca mng oxy ha so vi RBC? C th thc hin qu trnh kh nit trong mng oxy ha khng? Cc thit b no cn b tr c th vn hnh c mng oxy ha. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k mng oxy ha. C cn b tr b lng sau mng oxy ha khng? Hy m t s kt hp gia b lc nh git v h thng tip xc (trickling filter v solid contactor) Hy m t s kt hp gia b lc nh git v bn hot tnh hiu kh. So snh h thng gm b lc nh git v b tip xc vi h thng gm b lc nh git v bn hot tnh hiu kh. Trong trng hp no nn p dng h thng kt hp gia b lc nh git v bn hot tnh hiu kh? Hy m t h thng activated biofilter (ABF). Hy m t h thng kt hp gia biofilter v activated sludge (BF/AS) Nhng gii hn ng dng ca h thng ABF v BF/AS. M t h thng gm qu trnh lc nh git hon chnh ni tip bng h thng bn hot tnh hiu kh (c b lng trung gian) Cho bit gii hn p dng ca h thng m t cu 423. Trnh by cc bc tnh ton thit k h thng trnh by cu 423.

Tit 46-49: Chng 6 - X l nc thi bng h sinh hc 451. 452. 453. 454. 455. 456. 457. Trong trng hp no cn s dng h sinh hc trong h thng x l nc thi? V tr xy dng h sinh hc phi bo m yu cu g? V tr h sinh hc trong trm x l nc thi? c im ca h k kh? c im ca h ty tin? c im ca h hiu kh? c im ca h nui to?
xi

458. 459. 460. 461. 462. 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. 468. 469. 470. 471. 472. 473. 474. 475. 476. 477. 478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 489. 490.

Trong trng hp no ch cn s dng h k kh? Trong trng hp no ch cn s dng h ty tin? Trong trng hp no ch cn s dng hiu kh? Trong trng hp no cn kt hp cc loi h sinh hc khc nhau trong h thng x l nc thi? Yu cu c tnh nc thi vo h sinh hc k kh? Yu cu c tnh nc thi vo h sinh hc hiu kh? Yu cu c tnh nc thi vo h sinh hc ty tin? Ti trng cht hu c trong h sinh hc c kim sot theo yu t no? Nhit nh hng th no n kt qu tnh ton kch thc h k kh? Cn l lng c lng trong h sinh hc khng? Din tch b mt cn thit ca h sinh hc ph thuc vo yu t no? C cn thit kim sot chiu su lp nc trong h sinh hc khng? Yu t no nh hng n chiu su lp nc ca h ty tin? Trong trng hp no cn phi chia h ty tin thnh nhiu ngn lm vic song song? Chiu su lp nc trong h nui to phi kim sot mc bao nhiu? Lm th no thu hoch to t h nui to? Nu khng thu hoch to s gy nh hng g n hiu qu hot ng ca h? Loi nc thi s dng nui to cn c c im g? Nu sp xp trnh t cc h k kh, ty tin, hiu kh khng hp l s gy nh hng th no n hiu qu x l? Trong trng hp no cn s dng c 3 loi h k trn trong h thng x l nc thi? Trong trng hp no c th s dng mt trong 4 loi h sinh hc nu? Trong trng hp no khng cn thit phi s dng h sinh hc? Nc thi sau khi ra khi h sinh hc c cn tip tc dn qua h thng b tip xc kh trng khng? u v nhc im ca h sinh hc so vi cc phng php x l sinh hc khc? Cho bit cu to y h sinh hc? M t chu trnh chuyn ha cc cht trong h k kh M t chu trnh chuyn ha cc cht trong h ty tin M t chu trnh chuyn ha cc cht trong h hiu kh M t chu trnh chuyn ha cc cht trong h nui to Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k h sinh hc k kh. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k h sinh hc thiu kh. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k h sinh hc hiu kh. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k h nui to.

Tit 50-54: Chng 8 - Cc cng trnh x l nit v phospho To sao phi x l N v P? Nit trong nc thi thng tn ti nhng dng no? x l nit c th s dng cc thit b g? Qu trnh kh nit xy ra theo nhng giai on no? Cng trnh kh nit thng c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? thc hin qu trnh nitrat ha cn kim sot cc iu kin g trong thit b phn ng sinh hc? 497. Trong trng hp no c th thc hin qu trnh nitrat ha cng vi qu trnh khong ha cht hu c trong cng mt b thi kh? 498. Trong trng hp no phi thc hin qu trnh khong ha cht hu c v qu trnh nitrat ha trong hai thit b ring bit, ni tip nhau? 499. Nc thi c nng N-NH4+ bao nhiu s c ch hot ng ca vi sinh vt thc hin qu trnh nitrat ha?
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491. 492. 493. 494. 495. 496.

500. Nc thi c nng N-NO2- bao nhiu s c ch hot ng ca vi sinh vt thc hin qu trnh nitrat ha? 501. Tc tng trng ca vi sinh vt nitrat ha chu nh hng ca nng DO ha tan nh th no? 502. Tc tng trng ca vi sinh vt nitrat ha chu nh hng ca pH nh th no? 503. Hy chng minh rng thc hin qu trnh nitrat ha cn bo m kim tng ng vi 8,62 mg HCO3-/mg N-NH4+. 504. Cc thng s ng hc c s dng th no trong qu trnh tnh ton thit k b nitrat ha? 505. Hy trnh by trnh t tnh ton thit k b nitrat ha. 506. So snh qu trnh kh nitrat tin thiu kh vi qu trnh kh nitrat hu thiu kh 507. Hy gii thch ti sao tc qu trnh kh nitrat hu thiu kh chm hn rt nhiu so vi qu trnh kh nitrat tin thiu kh? 508. Lm th no xc nh lng c cht hu c cn duy tr thc hin qu trnh kh nitrat? 509. Cc yu t no nh hng n hiu qu qu trnh kh nitrat? 510. Nng DO ha tan trong nc nh hng th no n tc tng trng ca vi sinh vt kh nitrat? 511. Ti sao trong qu trnh kh nitrat khng cn phi b sung kim? 512. Xc nh lng kim tnh theo HCO3- c to ra khi 1 mg NO3- b kh. 513. Cc thng s ng hc c s dng th no trong qu trnh tnh ton thit k b kh nitrat? 514. Hy trnh by trnh t tnh ton thit k b kh nitrat 515. Qu trnh anamox kh nit xy ra theo c ch no? 516. u v nhc im ca qu trnh anomox so vi qu trnh kh nit truyn thn? 517. Hy m t h thng 4 giai on kt hp vi qu trnh nitrat ha v qu trnh kh nitrat. 518. Hy trnh by trnh t tnh ton thit k h thng x l nit (kt hp qu trnh nitrat ha v qu trnh kh nitrat) 519. Hy m t kh nit (qu trnh nitrat ha kt hp vi qu trnh kh nitrat) bng mng oxy ha. 520. C th x l nit kt hp vi qu trnh kh phospho khng? 521. Bn cnh cc qu trnh sinh hc, c th kh nit bng phng php no khc? 522. Trong trng hp no nn kh NH3 bng gas-stripping? 523. Yu t no nh hng n qu trnh ui kh NH3 khi nc thi bng phng php thi kh? 524. pH thch hp thc hin qu trnh ui NH3 bng phng php thi kh? 525. Nhit c nh hng n qu trnh ui NH3 bng phng php thi kh khng? 526. Trnh by trnh t tnh ton thit k thp kh nit 527. Trong trng hp no nn kh nitrat bng qu trnh trao i ion? 528. Phospho thng tn ti trong nc thi dng no? 529. Qu trnh kh phospho bng phng php sinh hc xy ra theo c ch no? 530. Cng trnh x l phospho thng c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 531. Hy gii thch qu trnh kh phospho trong h thng A/O (Anaerobic/Oxic) xy ra nh th no? 532. Hy gii thch qu trnh kh phospho trong h thng Phostrip xy ra nh th no? 533. Hy gii thch qu trnh kh carbon, nit v phospho trong h thng SBR xy ra nh th no? 534. Hy m t qu trnh kh nit v phospho trong h thng A2/O xy ra nh th no? 535. Hy m t qu trnh kh nit v phospho trong h thng Bardebpho xy ra nh th no? 536. Hy m t qu trnh kh nit v phospho trong h thng UCT (University of Cape Town) xy ra nh th no?

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537. Hy m t qu trnh kh nit v phospho trong h thng VIP) Virginia Initiative Plant in Norfolk) xy ra nh th no? 538. Trong trng hp no nn x l phospho bng phng php ha hc? 539. Ha cht no c th s dng kh phospho? 540. Hy vit cc phn ng ha hc thc hin qu trnh kh phospho. Tit 55-60: Chng 9 - Cc cng trnh x l bn 541. Mc ch ca qu trnh x l bn? 542. Ngun pht sinh bn t h thng x l nc thi? 543. c tnh ca cc loi bn pht sinh t cc cng trnh n v khc nhau trong h thng x l nc thi? 544. Lm th no xc nh lng bn cn x l t mt trm x l nc thi? 545. Bn t b lng t 1 v bn t b lng t 2 c nhng c im chnh g khc nhau? 546. C th x l bn t b lng t 2 vi bn t b lng ha l v bn t b tip xc khng? 547. Qu trnh x l bn hon chnh gm my giai on? 548. Hy v s cng ngh x l bn vi y cc cng on cn thit x l trit bn sinh ra t trm x l nc thi. 549. Cc cng trnh no c th s dng x l bn. 550. B nn bn c s dng nhm mc ch g? 551. B nn bn c b tr v tr no trong trm x l nc thi? 552. Trong trng hp no khng cn b nn bn? 553. Bn vo b nn bn thng c m dao ng trong khong no? 554. Bn ra khi b nn bn thng c m bao nhiu? 555. B nn bn c cu to nh th no? 556. Yu t no nh hng n kch thc b nn bn cn s dng? 557. Trnh by quy trnh tnh ton thit k b nn bn. 558. Thi gian lu bn trong b nn bn trng lc thng c kim sot trong khong no? 559. Nhit c lm nh hng n vic kim sot chiu dy lp bn trong b nn bn trng lc khng? Ti sao? 560. C th tch nc ca bn bng b tuyn ni khng? 561. B tuyn ni dng tch nc ca bn c khc b tuyn ni c s dng tch cn l lng v du khng? 562. B tuyn ni tch nc ca bn s c b tr v tr no trong trm x l nc thi? 563. Khi tnh ton thit k b tuyn ni tch nc ca bn cn lu nhng im g? 564. B phn hy k kh c s dng lm g? 565. B phn hy k kh c b tr v tr no trong h thng x l nc thi? 566. Nhit nh hng nh th no n thi gian lu bn trong thit b phn hy k kh? 567. Qu trnh phn hy k kh t v qu trnh phn hy k kh kh c phn loi da trn nhng c im no? 568. Qu trnh phn hy k kh trong h thng 1 giai on v 2 giai on khc nhau nh th no? 569. u v nhc im ca qu trnh phn hy k kh trong h thng 2 giai on. 570. Hy m t c im ca b phn hy k kh x l bn. 571. c im ca bn vo b phn hy k kh. 572. c im ca bn ra khi b phn hy k kh. 573. Bn phn hy t b phn hy k kh c cn tip tc x l khng? 574. Bn phn hy t b phn hy k kh c th s dng lm phn bn khng? 575. Kh sinh ra t b phn hy k kh c th s dng lm nng lng khng? 576. Lm th no xc nh th tch kh sinh ra t b phn hy k kh? 577. Nc thi pht sinh ra t b phn hy k kh c x l nh th no? 578. Yu t no nh hng n dung tch b phn hy k kh?
xiv

579. 580. 581. 582. 583. 584. 585. 586. 587. 588. 589. 590. 591. 592. 593. 594. 595. 596. 597. 598. 599. 600.

Thit b no cn phi lp t c th vn hnh b phn hy k kh? Trnh by trnh t tnh ton thit k b phn hy k kh. kh nc ca bn (dewatering) c th s dng thit b g? Cc loi my p bn thng s dng trong h thng x l nc thi. My p bn thng c b tr v tr no trong trm x l nc thi? Khi c my p bn c cn thit phi c sn phi bn khng? Ti sao? qu trnh kh nc ca bn xy ra hiu qu, bn cn c x l s b nh th no? Da trn c s no la chn my p bn ph hp? Bn sau khi p bng cc my p bn s c tip tc x l nh th no? Trong trng hp no nn s dng sn phi bn? V tr sn phi bn trong trm x l nc thi. u v nhc im ca sn phi bn. Yu t no nh hng n din tch cn thit lm sn phi bn? Trnh by trnh t tnh ton thit k sn phi bn. Tnh ton thit k h thng phn hy bn hiu kh. Trong trng hp no nn x l bn sau khi tch nc bng phng php t? Cc loi l t no c th s dng t bn sinh ra t cc trm x l nc thi? Hy v s cng ngh x l bn trong c p dng b phn hy k kh. Hy v s cng ngh x l bn trong c p dng qu trnh compost. Hy v s cng ngh x l bn trong c p dng sn phi bn. Hy v s cng ngh x l bn trong c p dng my p bn. Hy v s cng ngh x l bn trong c p dng l t.

Cp nht: 15 thng 3 nm 2012 GING VIN: TS. Trn Th M Diu

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