the triumphal arch, built from 1808 to 1835 on the orders of Napoleon, is located in Paris' 8th arrondissement on the

Place de l'Etoile, at the western end of the Champs-Elysees. 50 meters high, 45 meters wide and 22 meters deep, it is managed by the National Monuments. Napoleon, after the battle of Austerlitz says the soldiers: "You return to your homes as under triumphal arches" and by an imperial decree dated February 18, 1806 ordered the construction of this triumphal arch dedicated to perpetuate the memory of the victories of the French armies. His initial project was to make it the starting point of a triumphal avenue crossing including the Louvre and the Place de la Bastille. The Arc is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues. It was commissioned in 1806 after the victory at Austerlitz by Emperor Napoleon at the peak of his fortunes. Laying the foundations alone took two years . The architect, Jean Chalgrin, died in 1811 and the work was taken over by Jean-Nicolas Huyot. During the Bourbon Restoration, construction was halted and it would not be completed until the reign of King Louis-Philippe, between 1833 and 1836, by the architects Goust, then Huyot, under the direction of Hricart de Thury. Following its construction, the Arc de Triomphe became the rallying point of French troops parading after successful military campaigns and for the annual Bastille Day Military Parade. In the prolongation of the Avenue des Champs-lyses, a new arch, the Grande Arche de la Dfense, was built in 1982, completing the line of monuments that forms Paris's Axe historique. After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'toile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective. Beneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. Interred here on Armistice Day 1920, it has the first eternal flame lit in Western and Eastern Europe.. It burns in memory of the dead who were never identified. The brightening of the flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier occurs every night at 18:30. It is provided by the Committee of the flame A ceremony is held Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every 11 November on the anniversary of the armistice signed between France and Germany in 1918. It was originally decided on 12 November 1919 to bury the unknown soldier's remains in the Panthon, but a public letter-writing campaign led to the decision to bury him beneath the Arc de Triomphe. The coffin was put in the chapel on the first floor of the Arc on 10 November 1920, and put in its final resting place on 28 January 1921. The slab on top carries the inscription ICI REPOSE UN SOLDAT FRANAIS MORT POUR LA PATRIE 19141918 ("Here lies a French soldier who died for the fatherland 19141918"). The four main sculptures of the monument are: The Departure of 1792 '(or La Marseillaise), by Franois Rude

The Triumph of 1810, by Jean-Pierre Cortot Resistance of 1814, by Antoine tex Peace of 1815, by Antoine tex Six reliefs sculpted on the faades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Les funrailles du gnral Marceau (General Marceau's burial), by P. H. Lamaire (SOUTH faade, right), La bataille d'Aboukir (The Battle of Aboukir), by Bernard Seurre (SOUTH faade, left), La bataille de Jemappes (The Battle of Jemappes), by Carlo Marochetti (EAST faade), Le passage du pont d'Arcole (The Battle of Arcole), by J. J. Feuchre (NORTH faade, right), La prise d'Alexandrie, (The Fall of Alexandria), by J. E. Chaponnire (NORTH faade, left), La bataille d'Austerlitz (The Battle of Austerlitz), by J. F. T. Gechter (WEST faade),

radiating : rayonnant. crossing : traverse. Laying : la pose. rallying : ralliment. Beneath : en dessous. occurs : se produit. provided : a condition. bury : enterrer. coffin : cerceuil. slab : la dalle.