BO CO THC TP

LI CM N.
u tin, ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n thy Nguyn Hong Nam gip em trong thi gian thc tp ti Cng ty CPDV Chudu24. Thy ch bo v hng dn tn tnh cho em nhng kin thc l thuyt, cng nh cc k nng trong bo co v thc tp. Cho php ti gi li cm n su sc n Cng ty CPDV Chudu24 to mi iu kin thun li gip ti hon thnh giai on thc tp tt nghip. Em xin chn thnh bit n s tn tnh dy d v to iu kin thc tp ca tt c cc qu thy c khoa Cng ngh thng tin - Trng i hc k thut Cng Ngh TP.HCM. Li cm n chn thnh v su sc, em xin gi n gia nh, lun ng vin v lun bn cnh em trong nhng giai on kh khn nht. Mc d c gng ht sc hon thnh thi gian thc tp v bo co trong kh nng cho php nhng khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong c s thng cm, gp v tn tnh ch bo ca qu Thy, C. Em xin chn thnh cm n ! TP H Ch Minh, ngy 27 thng 03 nm 2012.

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LI NHN XT CA GING VIN

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PHN MT
GII THIU V CNG TY C PHN DCH V CHU DU HAI BN. VN PHNG CHUDU24.
Tp HCM : Lu 11, s 36 Bi Th Xun, P.Bn Thnh, Qun 1, TPHCM

H Ni : Ta Nh Techcombank, CC2-A Bc Linh m, P. i Kim, Q.Hong Mai, TP. H Ni in thoi tng i: 1900 5454 40 hoc 08 3925 1055 Dch v chm sc khch hng ca Chudu24 hot ng t : - Th Hai - Th Su : 8:00 20:00 - Th By - Ch Nht : 8:00 17:00 Website ti a ch: http://www.chudu24.com Email: info@chudu24.com

S LC V CHUDU24
Chu Du Hai Bn tn vit tt l Chudu24, thnh lp thng 9/2008. Da vo th mnh v ni dung v cng ngh thng tin cng nh i ng nhn vin c trnh k thut cao cng nh am hiu v kinh nghim v lnh vc du lch, Chudu24 nhanh chng tr thnh website du lch s 1 ti Vit Nam v s lng truy cp v cht lng ni dung thng tin. Hn 4 nm, sau khi c thnh lp v hot ng, Chudu24 hin nay l dch v t phng khch sn ln nht v chuyn nghip nht ti Vit Nam vi gn 1000 khch sn ni a v 160,000 khch sn quc t ti tt c cc quc gia trn ton th gii. Chudu24 chuyn bit phc v cho khch hng l ngi Vit Nam, vi tiu ch mang ti mt dch v tin ch v ng cp quc t cho ngi Vit. Gip cho mi chuyn du lch ca ngi Vit Nam tr nn d dng hn. Dch v ca Chudu24 khng ch thin v s tin li cho khch hng m cn m bo cho khch hng mc gi tt v cnh tranh. Cng vi s n lc ht sc nhm mong mun tr thnh mt Cng ty ng u trong dch v v du lch v l nim tin hng u ca mi ngi dn Vit Nam khi mun la

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chn cho mnh mt k ngh tht ng cp v n tng Chudu24 c tng bc pht trin vi nhng s kin ng nh sau: Thng 5/2009, Chudu24 l khch mi duy nht ca Vit Nam ti bui hi tho ca lnh o cc cng ty v tp on du lch trc tuyn hng u ca Chu do Abacus Quc T t chc ti Thng Hi, Trung Quc. Thng 7/2009, Chudu24 t ho cho ra mt dch v t phng trc tuyn xc nhn ngay u tin ca Vit Nam. a mt dch v mang phong cch v cht lng quc t ti vi ngi s dng Vit Nam. Thng 10/2009, Chudu24 tham d hi tho du lch trc tuyn hng u Chu WebInTravel vi t cch khch mi danh d v tham gia thuyt trnh ti hi tho. Thng 4/2010, Chudu24 lin kt thnh cng vi hai i tc t phng hng u th gii l tp on Expedia v Priceline cung cp dch v t phng quc t cho khch hng Vit Nam. Ln u tin ti Vit Nam, khch hng c th t phng quc t, thanh ton bng tin Vit vi hn 160,000 s la chn khch sn tt c cc quc gia trn ton th gii. Thng 5/2010, tng s khch sn ni a tham gia vo h thng Chudu24 t mc 600 khch sn. Chudu24 tr thnh h thng t phng khch sn trc tuyn ln nht ti Vit Nam. Thng 7/2010, Chudu24 cho ra mt chuyn trang Khuyn Mi, nhm gip khch hng c c y v nhanh nht thng tin khuyn mi ca cc khch sn trong nc, cng vi nhng khuyn mi ch dnh ring cho khch hng t phng thng qua Chudu24. Chudu24 lun khng ngng y mnh hot ng v pht trin, c v sn phm, dch v v i ng, nhm p ng tt nht nhu cu ca khch hng.

BAN LNH O CNG TY

ng: Trn Minh Phng Tng Gim c ng Trn Minh Phng l ngi ng Sng Lp v hin Tng Gim c ca cng ty c phn dch v Chudu24. Trc khi thnh lp Chudu24, ng Phng tng l sng lp vin ca mt cng ty du lch trc tuyn. ng iu hnh cng ty trong thi gian u, v thit k thnh cng cc mt s h thng qun l, trong c h thng t phng khch sn, t v my bay trc tuyn. ng Trn Minh Phng tt nghip ti c.

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Ch: ng Phng Dung Gim c iu Hnh Ch ng Phng Dung l ngi ng Sng Lp v hin l Gim c iu Hnh ca Chudu24. Trc khi tham gia vo Chudu24, t 2005 -2008, Ch ng Phng Dung qun l iu hnh ni dung, sn phm v giao din ca mt vi trang web khc. Ch tt nghip i hc ngoi ng H Ni.

ng: on Vn X C Vn ng Trn Vn X hin l C vn ng thi l c ng ca Chudu24. ng X hin nay l Gim c Khu Du Lch Sinh Thi Hi Dng Xanh v mt s cng ty khc.

C CU T CHC CNG TY. Cng vi h thng nhn vin trn 50 ngi v h thng mng kt ni yu cu c s lin kt cao. Cng ty thnh lp nn mt s mng my tnh quy m v mt c cu t chc cht ch nh sau:
TNG GIM C GIM C IU HNH PHNG NHN S

PHNG K THUT

PHNG CSKH

PHNG SN PHM

PHNG K TON

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NI DUNG THC TP TI CNG TY.

Tun th nht Tun th 2, 3, 4, 5,6

Ra mt vi n v thc tp. c gii thiu s lc v hot ng v c cu ca cng ty. Tp trung thc hin cng tc thc tp c hng dn v lm vic ti b phn k thut. Chuyn ngnh qun tr, bo tr v pht trin h thng mng ca Cng ty.

Tun th 7
S kt thc tp Bn giao cc cng vic nhn cho n v thc tp

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PHN HAI
TM HIU, BO CO V VOIP V M HNH NG DNG 3CX ANG P DNG TI CNG TY
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V VOIP 1. Gii thiu. Hu nh ton b tt c cc t chc, cng ty v x nghip mun lm vic tt cn nh s vn hnh tt ca h thng lin lc, iu ny lm h tn khng t kinh ph vi h thng dch v thoi truyn thng PSNT (Puplic switching telephone network). V l do , ngy nay, mt gii php mi xut hin v c nhiu cng ty p dng gim chi ph cho nhng cuc gi ng di gia nhiu chi nhnh trn khp th gii. l: VoIP hay Voip Over Internet Protocol: Dch v thoi thng qua giao thc internet. c quan tm nh gi rt nhiu v hp dn v s lng v chng loi tnh nng thoi c cc gii php IP Telephone. Tt c u c sn m khng i hi thm bt k chi ph u t no bi v chng hot ng trn nn tng IP v c vn chuyn trn mng my tnh y nh cc ng dng my tnh thng thng. Cc t chc pht trin VoIP l cc nh cung cp ln nh: Skype, Yahoo, Google. Ch trong vng 10 nm, tnh t nm 2000 n 1/2/2009 c n 7.3 triu ngi Php v 10.52 triu ngi M ang s dng dch v VoIP. Vit Nam, VoIp ch pht trin t nm 2006 v 2007 tr v y, ch yu l cc gia nh c ngi thn nc ngoi. Nhng ngi ny c th mua nhng th co gi quc t trn th trng gi vi gi cc 300-1000 VN/Pht. Cc nh cung cp th gi dch v VoIP ny c: OCI, Datalink, Netnam. Tuy nhin, dch v VoIP cng ch cung cp hng gi i, khng cho php hng gi v Vit Nam. T thng 01/2009, Vit Nam c nh cung cp dch v u tin l cng ty FPT. Nu doanh nghip, ngi dn c s dng ng truyn internet ca FPT th c cung cp min ph cc u s VoIP 730xxxx. V n hin ti, th trng VoIP Vit Nam c thm cc nh cung cp dch v khc nh: VTC, CMC telecom. Trong in thoi thng thng, tn hiu thoi c tn s nm trong khong t 0.3-3.3 KHz, c ly mu vi tn s 8 KHz theo Nyquyst. Sau , cc mu ny s c lng t ha vi 8bit/mu v c truyn vi tc 64Kbps n mng chuyn mch sau c truyn ti ch bn nhn, dng ny sau khi c nhn s c gii m cho ra tn hiu thoi tng t. Mng thoi IP (Voice over IP-VoIP) hon ton khc in thoi thng thng. u tin , tn hiu thoi cng c s ha nhng sau , thay v truyn trn mng PSTN qua cc ng chuyn mch chng c nn xung tc thp, ng gi v chuyn trn mng IP. Ti bn nhn, cc gi ny c ghp li, gii m bng cc lung PCM (Pulse Code Modulation: iu ch v gii iu ch) 64Kb thnh cc tn hiu m thanh v truyn n thu bao b gi. S khc nhau

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gia mng in thoi thng thng v mng in thoi IP l mng truyn dn v khun dng thng tin dng truyn dn. Trong dch v in thoi IP, c th c s tham gia ca 3 loi i tng cung cp dch v nh sau: Nh cung cpInternet ISP. Nh cung cp dch v in thoi Internet ITSP. Nh cung cp dch v trong mng chuyn mch knh. c th s dng c dch v in thoi IP, ngi s dng cn thng qua mng internet v cc chng trnh ng dng cho in thoi IP. Trong khi cc nh cung cp dch v internet cho khch hng ca h th cc nh cung cp dch v in thoi ITSP cung cp dch v in thoi IP cho khch hng bng cch s dng cc chng trnh ng dng dnh cho in thoi IP. C th ni rng: Dch v truy cp internet cung cp bi cc ISP cha cung cp dch v in thoi IP. Ngi s dng cn truy nhp vo nh cung cp dch v in thoi IP khi s dng in thoi IP. H khng th gi hoc nhn cc cuc m thoi thng qua dch v in thoi IP nu ch c truy nhp vo mng internet. phc v cho vic truyn thng gia nhng ngi s dng trn cc my tnh u cui ca mng internet, cc cng ty phn mm cung cp cc chng trnh ng dng dnh cho in thoi IP thc hin vai tr ca ITSP. i vi ngi s dng trn mng chuyn mch knh, h s truy nhp vo ISP hoc ITSP thng qua cc im truy nhp trong mng chuyn mch knh. VoIP da trn s kt hp ca mng chuyn mch knh v mng chuyn mch gi l mng IP. Mi loi mng c nhng c im khc bit nhau. Trong mng chuyn mch knh, mt knh truyn dn dnh ring c thit lp gia hai thit b u cui thng qua mt hay nhiu nt chuyn mch trung gian. Dng thng tin truyn trn knh ny l dng bit truyn lin tc theo thi gian. Bng thng ca knh dnh ring c m bo v c nh trong qu trnh lin lc v tr thng tin l rt nh, ch c thi gian truyn thng tin trn knh. Khc vi mng chuyn mch knh, mng chuyn mch goi (Packet Switching Network) s dng h thng lu tr ri truyn ti cc nt mng. Thng tin c chia thnh cc gi, mi gi c thm cc thng tin iu khin cn thit cho qu trnh truyn nh l: a ch ni gi, a ch ni nhn Cc gi thng tin n nt mng c x l v lu tr trong mt thi gian nht nh ri mi c truyn n nt tip theo sao cho vic s dng knh c hiu qu nht. Trong mch chuyn mch gi khng c knh dnh ring no c thit lp, bng thng ca knh logic gia hai thit b u cui thng khng c nh v tr thng tin ln hn mng chuyn mch knh rt nhiu. p dng VoIP c th khai thc tnh hiu qu ca cc mng truyn s liu, khai thc tnh linh hot trong pht trin cc ng dng mi ca giao thc IP. Nhng VoIP cng phc tp v i hi gii quyt nhiu vn 2. Cc m hnh truyn thoi qua mng IP. Hin nay c 4 dng chnh thc ca cuc gi VoIP. Khi s dng my tnh hay thit b VoIP gi vo mng thng thng, ta c cuc gi PC-to-Phone. Khi thc hin cuc gi t mng in thoi thng thng n mt s in thoi VoIP, ta c cuc gi Phone-to-PC.
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Trng hp khi thc hin cuc gi gia hai thit b VoIP, ta c cuc gi PC-to-PC. Khi dng in thoi thng thng gi vo s in thoi c bit ca nh cung cp dch v VoIP, thng qua gi n mng in thoi thng thng cc tnh thnh hay quc gia khc, ta c cuc gi phone-toPhone.

Gateway1

Gateway 2

internet

Hnh v d v mt cuc gi Phone to Phone Gi s thu bao A mun gi in n thu bao B. Thu bao A quay s in thoi ca thu bao B. Mng PSTN c nhim v phn tch a ch v kt ni n Gateway1. Ti y, a ch ca B li c phn tch v Gateway1 xc nh c thu bao B c kim sot bi Gateway 2. N s thit lp mt phin lin kt vi gateway2. Cc thng tin bo hiu m Gateway1 nhn c t PSTN s c chuyn i thch hp sang dng gi v truyn n Gateway2. Ti Gateway2, cc gi tin li c chuyn ngc li v truyn sang mng PSTN. Mng PSTN c nhim v nh tuyn cuc gi n thu bao B. Cc thng tin tr li s c chuyn i ngc li qua Gateway2 n gateway1. Sau khi cuc gi c thit lp, cc gateway c nhim v chuyn i gia cc gi tin thoi trn mng IP v cc lung PCM truyn trn mng PSTN. 3. Cu hnh ca cc mng in thoi IP. Theo cc nghin cu ca ETSI, cu hnh chun ca mng in thoi IP c th bao gm cc phn t sau: Thit b u cui kt ni vi mng IP. Mng truy nhp IP. Mng xng sng. Gateway Gatekeeper Mng chuyn mch knh. Thit b u cui kt ni vi mng chuyn mch knh
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Trong cc kt ni khc nhau cu hnh mng c th thm hoc bt mt s phn t trn. Cu hnh chung ca mng in thoi IP gm cc phn t Gatekeeper, Gateway, cc thit b u cui thoi v my tnh. Mi thit b cui giao tip vi mt Gatekeeper v giao tip ny ging vi giao tip gia thit b u cui v Gateway. Mi Gatekeeper s chu trch nhim qun l mt vng c nhiu Gatekeeper. Trong vng qun l ca cc Gatekeeper, cc tn hiu bo hiu c th c chuyn tip qua mt hoc nhiu Gatekeeper. Do , cc Gatrkeeper phi c kh nng trao i cc thng tin vi nhau khi cuc gi lin quan n nhiu Gatekeeper. Cu hnh ca mt mng in thoi Ip c m t trong hnh. Chc nng ca cc phn t nh sau:
Gatekeeper

DNS Server

IP Network

PC Gateway
M ng chuyn m ch k nh

Gateway PC Telephone

M ng chuyn m ch k nh

Telephone

3.1 Thit b u cui. Thit b u cui l mt nt cui trong cu hnh ca mng in thoi IP. N c th c kt ni vi mng IP s dng mt trong cc giao din truy nhp. Mt thit b u cui c th cho php mt thu bao trong mng IP thc hin cuc gi ti mt thu bao khc trong mch chuyn mch knh. Cc cuc gi s c Gatekeeper m thit b u cui hoc thu bao ng k gim st. Mt thit b u cui c th gm cc khi chc nng sau: Chc nng u cui: Thu v nhn cc bn tin. Chc nng bo mt knh truyn ti: m bo tnh bo mt ca knh truyn ti thng tin kt ni vi thit b u cui.

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Chc nng bo mt knh bo hiu: m bo tnh bo mt ca knh bo hiu kt ni vi thit b u cui. Chc nng xc nhn: Thit lp c im nhn dng khch hng, thit b hoc phn t mng, thu nhp cc thng tin dng xc nh bn bo hiu hay bn cha thng tin c truyn nhn hoc nhn cha. Chc nng qun l: Giao tip vi thit b qun l mng. Chc nng ghi cc bn tin s dng: Xc nh hoc ghi li cc thng tin v s kin (truy nhp, cnh bo) v ti nguyn. Chc nng bo co cc bn tin s dng: Bo co cc bn tin c s dng ra thit b ngoi vi. 3.2 Mng truy nhp IP. Mng truy nhp Ip cho php thit b u cui, Gateway, Gatekeeper truy nhp vo mng IP thng qua c s h tng sn c. Sau y l mt vi loi giao din truy nhp IP c s dng trong cu hnh chun ca mng in thoi IP: Truy nhp PSTN Truy nhp ISDN Truy nhp LAN Truy nhp GSM Truy nhp DECT y khng phi l tt c cc loi giao din truy nhp IP, mt vi loi khc ang c nghin cu s dng cho mng in thoi IP. c im ca cc giao din ny c th gy nh hng n cht lng v tnh bo mt ca cuc gi in thoi IP. 3.3 Gatekeeper. Gatekeeper l phn t ca mng chu trch nhim qun l vic ng k, chp nhn v trang thi ca cc thit b u cui v Gateway. Gatekeeper c th tham gia vo vic qun l vng, x l cuc gi v bo hiu cuc gi. N xc nh ng dn truyn bo hiu cuc gi v ni dung i vi mi cuc gi. Gatekeeper c th bao gm cc khi chc nng sau: Chc nng chuyn i a ch E.164 (S E.164 l s in thoi tun th theo quy cu trc v k hoch nh s c miu t trong khuyn ngh E.164 ca lin minh vin thng quc t ITU): Chuyn i a ch E.164 sang a ch IP v ngc li truyn cc bn tin, nhn v truyn a ch IP truyn cc bn tin, bao gm c m la chon nh cung cp. Chc nng dch a ch knh thng tin: Nhn v truyn a ch IP ca cc knh truyn ti thng tin, bao gm c m la chon nh cung cp. Chc nng dch a ch knh bo hiu: Nhn v truyn a ch IP phc v cho bo hiu, bao gm c m la chn nh cung cp. Chc nng giao tip gia cc Gatekeeper: Thc hin trao i thng tin gia cc Gatekeeper. Chc nng ng k: Cung cp cc thng tin cn ng k khi yu cu dch v.

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Chc nng xc nhn: Thit lp cc c im nhn dng ca khch hng, thit b u cui hay cc phn t mng. Chc nng bo mt knh thng tin: m bo tnh bo mt ca knh bo hiu kt ni Gatekeeper v thit b u cui. Chc nng tnh cc: Thu nhp thng tin tnh cc. Chc nng iu chnh tc v gi cc: xc nh tc v gi cc. Chc nng qun l: Giao tip vi h thng qun l mng. Chc nng ghi cc bn tin s dng: Xc nh hoc ghi li cc thng tin v s kin (truy nhp, cnh bo) v ti nguyn. Chc nng bo co cc bn tin s dng: Bo co cc bn tin c s dng ra thit b ngoi vi. 3.4 Gateway. Gateway l mt phn t khng nht thit phi c trong mt giao tip H.323. N ng vai tr lm phn t cu ni v ch tham gia vo mt cuc gi khi c s chuyn tip t mng H.323 (V d nhu mng LAN hay mng Internet) sang mng phi H.323 (v d nh mng chuyn mch knh hay PSTN). Mt Gateway c th kt ni vt l vi mt hay nhiu mng IP hay vi mt hay nhiu mng chuyn mch knh. Mt Gateway c th bao gm: Gateway bo hiu, Gateway truyn ti knh thoi, Gate iu khin truyn ti knh thoi. Mt hay nhiu chc nng ny c th thc hin trong cng mt Gatekeeper hay mt Gateway khc. - Gateway bo hiu SGW: Cung cp knh bo hiu gia mng IP v mng chuyn mch knh. Gateway bo hiu l phn t trung gian chuyn i gia bo hiu trong mng IP (v d H.323) v bo hiu trong mng chuyn mch knh (v d R2, CCS7). Gateway bo hiu c cc chc nng sau: + Chc nng kt cui cc giao thc iu khin cuc gi. Chc nng kt cui bo hiu t mng chuyn mch knh: Phi hp hot ng vi cc chc nng bo hiu ca Gateway iu khin truyn ti knh thoi. Chc nng bo hiu: Chuyn i bo hiu gia mng IP vi bo hiu mng chuyn mch knh khi phi hp hot ng vi Gateway iu khin truyn ti knh thoi. Chc nng giao din mng chuyn mch gi: Kt cui mng chuyn mch gi. Chc nng bo mt knh bo hiu: m bo tnh bo mt ca knh bo hiu kt ni vi thit b u cui. Chc nng qun l: Giao tip vi h thng qun l mng. Chc nng ghi cc bn tin s dng: Bo co cc bn tin c s dng ra thit b ngoi vi. - Gateway truyn ti knh thoi MGM: Cung cp phng tin thc hin chc nng chuyn i m ha. N s chuyn i gia cc m ha trong mng IP vi cc m ha truyn trong mng chuyn mch knh. Gateway truyn ti knh thoi bao gm cc khi chc nng sau: Chc nng chuyn i a ch knh thng tin: Cung cp a ch IP cho cc knh thng tin truyn v nhn.

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Chc nng chuyn i lung: Chuyn i gia cc lung thng tin gia mng IP v mng chuyn mch knh bao gm vic chuyn i m ha v trit ting vng. Chc nng dch m ha: nh tuyn cc lung thng tin gia mng IP v mng chuyn mch knh. Chc nng giao din vi mng chuyn mch knh: Kt cui v iu khin cc knh mang thng tin t mng chuyn mch knh. Chc nng chuyn i knh thng tin gia mng IP v mng chuyn mch knh: Chuyn i gia knh mang thng tin thoi, Fax, d liu ca mng chuyn mch knh v cc gi trong mng IP. N cng thc hin cc chc nng x l tn hiu thch hp nh: Nn tn hiu thoi, trit ting vng, m ha, chuyn i tn hiu Fax v iu tit tc modem tng t. thm vo , n cn thc hin vic chuyn i gia tn hiu m a tn DTMF trong mng chuyn mch knh v cc tin hiu thch hp trong mng IP khi cc b m ha tn hiu thoi khng m ha tn hiu m a tn DTMF. Chc nng chuyn i knh thng tin gia mng IP v mng chuyn mch knh cng c th thu nhp thng tin v lu lng gi v cht lng knh i vi mt cuc gi s dng trong vic bo co chi tit v iu khin cuc gi. Chc nng qun l: Giao tip vi h thng qun l mng. Chc nng ghi cc bn tin s dng: Xc minh hoc ghi li cc thng tin v s kin (truy nhp, cnh bo) v ti nguyn. Chc nng cnh bo cc bn tin s dng: Bo co cc bn tin c s dng ra thit b ngoi vi. -Gateway iu khin truyn ti knh thoi MGWC: ng vai tr phn t kt ni gia Gateway bo hiu v Gatekeeper. N cung cp chc nng x l cuc gi cho Gateway, iu khin Gateway truyn ti knh thoi, nhn thng tin bo hiu ca mng chuyn mch knh t Gateway bo hiu v thng tin bo hiu ca mng IP t Gatekeeper. Gateway iu khin truyn ti knh thoi bao gm cc chc nng sau: Chc nng truyn v nhn cc bn tin. Chc nng xc nhn. Chc nng iu khin cuc gi. Chc nng bo hiu. Chc nng qun l. Chc nng ghi cc bn tin s dng. Chc nng bo co cc bn tin s dng.

Cu trc kt ni. M t cc thnh phn c bn ca mng phc v cho dch v thoi qua internet.

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H.323 Gatekeeper
M ng chuyn m ch k nh

DNS Server

Router
IP Network

Hub

PPP Access Server H.323 Terminal VoIP-H.323 Gateway H.323 Terminal

Telephone PBX

M ng chuyn m ch k nh

Telephone

4. Mt s ng dng VoIP. Giao tip thoi s vn l dng giao tip c bn ca con ngi. Mng in thoi cng cng khng th b n gin thay th. Mc ch tc thi ca cc nh cung cp dch v in thoi IP l ti to li kh nng ca in thoi vi mt chi ph vn hnh thp hn nhiu v a ra cc gii php k thut b sung cho mng PSTN. in thoi c th p dng cho gn nh mi yu cu ca giao tip thoi, t mt cuc m thoi c bn cho n mt cuc gi hi ngh nhiu ngi phc tp. Cht lng m thanh c truyn cng c th bin i ty theo ng dng. Ngoi ra, vi kh nng ca internet dch v in thoi IP s cung cp thm nhiu tnh nng mi. Sau y l mt vi ng dng ca in thoi: Thoi thng minh: H thng in thoi ngy cng tr nn hu hiu: R, c ng, ph bin, d s dng. N ch c mt s phm iu khin. Trong nhng nm gn y, ngi ta to ra cc in thoi thng minh. u tin l cc in thoi bn sau l cc server. Nhng mi c gng u tht bi do s tn ti ca h thng c sn. Internet s thay i iu ny, k t khi internet ph khp ton cu, n c s dng tng thm tr thng minh cho mng in thoi ton cu. Gia mng my tnh v mng in thoi tn ti mt mi lin h. Internet cung cp cch gim st v iu khin cc cuc thoi mt cch tin li hn, chng ta c th thy c kh nng kim sot v iu khin cc cuc gi thng qua mng internet. Dch v in thoi Web: Word Wide Web lm cho cuc cch mng trong cch giao dch vi khch hng ca cc doanh nghip. in thoi Web hay bm s cho php cc doanh

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nghip c th a thm cc phm bm trn trang web kt ni ti h thng in thoi ca h. Truy cp cc trung tm tr li in thoi: Truy cp n cc trung tm phc v khch hng qua mng internet s thc y mnh m thng mi in t. Dch v s cho php mt khch hng c cu hi v mt sn phm c cho hng qua internet c cc nhn vin ca cng ty tr li trc tip. Dch v Fax qua IP: Vic s dng internet khng nhng c m rng cho thoi m cn cho dch v fax. Nu bn gi nhiu fax t PC, c bit l gi ra nc ngoi thi vic s dng internet faxing s gip bn tit kim c tin v c knh thoi. Dch v ny s chuyn trc tip t PC ca bn qua kt ni internet. 5. u im v nhc im ca VoIP. 5.1. u im: in thoi IP ra i nhm khai thc tnh hiu qu ca cc mng truyn s liu, khai thc tnh linh hot trong pht trin cc ng dng mi ca giao thc IP v n c p dng trn mt mng ton cu l mng internet. Cc tin b ca cng ngh mang n cho in thoi IP nhng u im sau: Gim chi ph cuc gi: u im ni bt nht ca in thoi IP so vi dch v in thoi hin ti l kh nng cung cp nhng cuc gi ng di gi r vi cht lng chp nhn c. Nu dch v in thoi IP c trin khai, chi ph cho mt cuc gi ng di s ch tng ng vi chi ph truy nhp internet. Nguyn nhn dn n chi ph thp nh vy l do tn hiu thoi c truyn ti trong mng IP c kh nng s dng knh c hiu qu cao. ng thi k thut nn thoi tin tin gim tc bit t 64Kbps xung thp ti 8Kbps (theo tiu chun nn thoi G.729A ca ITU-T) kt hp vi tc x l nhanh ca cc b vi x l ngy nay cho php vic truyn ting ni theo thi gian thc l c th thc hin c vi lng ti nguyn bng thng thp hn nhiu so vi k thut c. So snh mt cuc gi trong mng PSTN vi mt cuc gi qua mng IP, ta thy: Chi ph phi tr cho cuc gi trong mng PSTN l chi ph phi b ra duy tr cho mt knh 64Kbps sut t u cui ny ti u cui kia. Thng qua mt h thng cc tng i. Chi ph ny i vi cc cuc gi ng di (lin tnh, quc t) l kh ln. Trong trng hp cuc gi qua mng IP, ngi s dng t mng PSTN ch phi duy tr knh 64Kbps n Gateway ca nh cung cp dch v ti a phng. Nh cung cp dch v in thoi IP s m nhn nhim v nn, ng gi tn hiu thoi v gi chng i qua mng IP mt cch c hiu qu nht ti c Gateway ni ti mt mng in thoi khc c ngi lin lc u kia. Vic kt ni nh vy lm gim ng k chi ph cuc gi cho phn ln knh truyn 64Kbps c thay th bng vic truyn thng tin qua mng d liu hiu qu cao. + Tch hp mng thoi, mng s liu v mng bo hiu: Trong in thoi IP, tn hiu thoi, s liu v ngay c bo hiu u c th cng i trn cng mt mng IP. iu ny s tit kim c chi ph u t xy dng nhng mng ring r. + Kh nng m rng (Scalabitily): Nu nh cc h thng tng i thng l nhng h thng kn, rt kh thm vo nhng tnh nng th cc thit b trong
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mng internet thng c kh nng thm vo nhng tnh nng mi. Chnh tnh mm do mang li cho dch v in thoi IP kh nng m rng d dng hn so vi in thoi truyn thng. + Khng cn thng tin iu khin thit lp knh truyn vt l: Gi thng tin trong mng IP truyn n ch m khng cn mt s thit lp knh no. Gi ch cn mang a ch ca ni nhn cui cng l thng tin c th n c ch. Do vy, vic iu khin cuc gi trong mng IP ch cn tp trung vo chc nng cuc gi m khng phi tp trung vo chc nng thit lp knh. + Qun l bng thng: Trong in thoi chuyn mch knh, ti nguyn bng thng cung cp cho mt cuc thoi linh hot hn nhiu. Khi mt cuc lin lc din ra, nu lu lng ca mng thp, bng thng dnh cho lin lc s cho cht lng thoi tt nht c th. Nhng khi lu lng ca mng cao mng s hn ch bng thng ca tng cuc gi duy tr cht lng mc chp nhn c nhm phc v cng lc c nhiu ngi nht. im ny cng l mt yu t lm tng hiu qu s dng ca in thoi IP. Vic qun l bng thng mt cch tit kim nh vy cho php ngi ta ngh ti nhng dch v cao cp hn nh: Truyn hnh hi ngh, iu m vi cng ngh chuyn mch c ngi ta khng thc hin v chi ph qu cao. + Nhiu tnh nng dch v: Tnh linh hot ca mng IP cho php to ra nhiu tnh nng mi trong dch v thoi. V d cho bit thng tin v ngi gi ti hay mt thu bao in thoi IP c th c nhiu s lin lc m ch cn mt thit b u cui duy nht.(v d nh mt thit b IP Phone c th c mt s in thoi dnh cho cng vic, mt cho cc cuc gi ring t). + Kh nng mutilmedia: Trong mt cuc gi ngi s dng c th va ni chuyn va s dng cc dch vu khc nh: Truyn file, chia s d liu hay xem hnh nh ca ngi ni chuyn bn kia. 6.2. Nhc im. in thoi IP cng c nhng hn ch: + K thut phc tp: Truyn tn hiu theo thi gian thc trn mng chuyn mch gi rt kh thc hin do mt gi trong mng l khng th trnh c v tr khng c nh ca cc gi thng tin khi truyn trn mng. c c mt dch v thoi chp nhn c cn thit phi c mt k thut nn tn hiu t c nhng yu cu kht khe nh: Ch s nn ln ( gim c tc bit xung), c kh nng suy on v to li thng tin ca cc gi b tht lc Tc x l ca cc b Codec (Coder and Decoder) phi nhanh khng lm cuc m thoi b gin on. ng thi c s h tng ca mng cng cn c nng cp ln cc cng ngh mi nh: frame relay, ATM c tc cao hn hoc phi c c ch thc hin chc nng QOS (Quality of service). Tt c cc iu ny lm cho k thut thc hin in thoi IP tr nn phc tp v khng th thc hin c trong nhng nm trc y. + Vn bo mt (Security): Mng internet l mt mng c tnh rng khp v hn hp (Hetorogenous network). Trong c rt nhiu loi my tnh khc nhau cng cc dch v khc nhau cng s dng chung mt c s h tng. Do vy, khng c bo m rng thng tin lin quan n c nhn cng nh s in thoi lin lc truy cp s dng dch v ca ngi dung c gi b mt. Nh vy, in thoi IP chng t n l loi hnh dch v mi rt c tim nng. Trong tng lai, in thoi IP s cung cp cc dch v hin c ca in thoi trong mng PSTN v cc dch v mi ca ring n nhm em li li ch cho ng o ngi

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dng. Tuy nhin, in thoi IP vi t cch l mt dch v s khng tr nn hp dn hn PSTN ch v n chy trn mng IP. Khch hng ch chp nhn loi dch v ny nu nh n a ra c mt chi ph thp hoc nhng tnh nng vt tri hn so vi in thoi hin ti.

CHNG 2: BO HIU V X L CUC GI.

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1. Chuyn i a ch. a ch mng: Mi mt thit b H.323 c gn t nht mt a ch nhn dng. Mt vi thit b H.323 c th cng chia s mt a ch mng, cc mng khc nhau th khun dng a ch mng cng khc nhau. Trong cng mt cuc gi, im cui c th dng cc a ch mng khc nhau trn cc knh khc nhau nh danh im truy nhp dch v giao tn TSAP i vi mt a ch mng, mi thit b H.323 c th c mt vi im truy cp dch v vi lp giao tn TSAP ( Transport layer Servive Access Point ). Cc TSAP ny cho php dn mt vi knh c cng chung a ch mng vi nhau. Cc im cui c mt TSAP mc nh l TSAP knh bo hiu gi. TSAP knh iu khin RAS l TSAP mc nh ca gatekeeper. Cc im cui v thit b H.323 s dng nh danh TSAP ng bi vi knh iu khin H.245, knh audio, video v Data. Gatekeeper s dng nh danh TSAP ng i vi cc knh bo hiu cuc gi. Trong qu trnh ng k im cui, cc knh RAS v bo hiu c th c nh tuyn li ti TSAP ng. a ch th Mt im cui c th c lin kt ti mt hoc nhiu a ch th ( Alias Address). Mt a ch th c th i din cho mt im cui hoc phin hi ngh m im cui ch tr. Cc a ch th cung cp mt phng php nh a ch khc cho im cui. Trong mt vng, cc a ch th l duy nht. Gatekeeper, MC v MP khng c a ch nh danh. Khi hn thng khng c Gatekeeper, th im cui pha ch gi s nh a ch im cui b gi bng cch s dng a ch lp giao vn knh bo cuc gi ca im cui b gi thng qua a ch lp giao vn knh bo hiu cuc gi ca n hoc a ch th. Mt im cui c th c nhiu hn mt a ch th c truyn ti cng a ch lp giao vn . 2. Cc knh iu khin. 2.1 Knh RAS Knh RAS dng truyn ti cc bn tin s dng trong qu trnh ng k im cui v tm kim Gatekeeper lin kt mt a ch nh danh ca im cui vi ia ch lp giao vn knh bo hiu cuc gi ca n. Knh RAS l knh khng tin cy, v th trong khuyn ngh H.225 khuyn ngh thi gian gii hn nh trc v s ln gi yu cu cho mt vi loi bn tin. Khi mt im cui hoc mt Gatekeeper khng tr li yu cu trong khong thi gian nh trc th c th s dng bn tin RIP ( Rrequest In Progress ) ch ra rng n ang x l yu cu. Khi nhn c bn tin RIP, im cui hoc Gatekeeper s xo thi gian gii hn nh trc v b m s ln gi li. Bao gm cc bc: Tm kim Gatekeeper ng k im cui nh v im cui M thng bo truy nhp 2.2 Knh bo hiu C 3 knh bo hiu tn ti c lp vi nhau lin quan n bo hiu v x l cuc gi l:Knh iu khin H.245, knh bo hiu cuc gi v knh bo hiu RAS. Trong mng khng c Gatekeeper, cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi c truyn trc tip gia hai u cui ca ch gi v b gi bng cch truyn bo hiu a ch trc tip.
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Trong cu hnh mng ny thu bao ch gi phi bit a ch bo hiu ca thu bao b gi trong mng. Nu trong mng c gatekeeper, trao i bo hiu gia thu bao ch gi v gatekeeper c thit lp bng cch s dng RAS ca Gatekeeper truyn a ch. Sau khi thit lp c vic trao i bn tin bo hiu th gatekeeper mi xc nh truyn cc bn tin trc tip gia hai u cui hay nh tuyn chng qua Gatekeeper. Cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi c th c truyn theo 1 trong 2 phng thc v vic la chn do Gatekeeper quyt nh:

Th nht l cc bn tin bo hiu ca cuc gi c truyn t thu bao n ti thu bao kia thng qua Gatekeeper gia 2 thit b u cui.

Th hai l: cc bn tin bo hiu ca cuc gi c truyn trc tip gia hai thit b u cui.

C hai phng thc ny u s dng cc kt ni ging nhau vi cng mc ch, dng bn tin c s dng cng dng nhau, cc bn tin thit lp bo hiu c trao i trn

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knh RAS cu Gatekeeper, sau ti trao i bn tin bo hiu cuc gi trn knh bo hiu cuc gi. Sau mi ti thit lp knh iu khin H.245. 2.3. Knh iu khin. nh tuyn iu khin: Khi cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi c Gatekeeper nh tuyn th sau knh iu khin H.245 s c nh tuyn theo hai cch; Cch 1: Knh iu khin H.245 kt ni trc tip hai thit b u cui

Cch 2: Gatekeeper nh tuyn knh iu khin H.245.

3. Cc th tc bo hiu Ngi ta chia mt cuc gi lm 5 giai on gm: Giai on 1: Thit lp cuc gi Giai on 2: Thit lp knh iu khin
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Giai on 3: Thit lp knh gi o Giai on 4: Dch v Giai on 5: Kt thc cuc gi 3.1 Giai on 1: Thit lp cuc gi Thit lp cuc gi c th xy ra 6 trng hp:

2/ C hai thu bao u ng k ti mt Gatekeeper bo hiu trc tip.

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3/Ch c thu bao ch gi c ng k vi Gatekeeper-Gatekeeper nh tuyn bo hiu.

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4/ Ch c thu bao b gi c ng k vi Gatekeeper-Gatekeeper dnh tuyn bo hiu.

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5/ Hai thu bao dng k vi hai Gatekeeper khc nhau.- nh tuyn qua hai Gatekeeper. u cui 1 Gatekeeper1 Gatekeeper2 u cui 2

6/ Thit lp cuc gi qua Gateway. Mt cuc gi ch lin quan n Gateway khi cuc gi c s chuyn tip t mng PSTN sang mng LAN hoc ngc li.V vy: V c bn c th phn bit cuc gi qua Gateway thnh 2 loi: Cuc gi t mt thu bao in thoi vo mng LAN v cuc gi t mt thu bao in thoi trong mng LAN ra mt thu bao trong mng thoi. 3.2 Giai on 2: Lp knh iu khin. Sau khi c ch gi ln b gi u hon thnh vic trao i cc bn tin thit lp cuc gi, th cc u cui s thit lp knh iu khin H.245. Bn tin u tin c trao i gia cc u cui l terminal CappabilitySet cc bn thng bo cho nhau

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kh nng lm vic ca mnh. Mi mt thit b u cui u c c tnh ring ni ln kh nng m ho, truyn, nhn v gii m cc tn hiu a dch v. 3.3 Giai on 3: Thit lp knh gi o Bao gm 3 bc: Thay i ch hot ng Trao i cc lung tn hiu video Phn phi cc a ch lung d liu. 3.4 Giai on 4: Dch v cuc gi. C mt s dch v cuc gi c thc hin trn mng H.323 nh: Thay i rng bng tn: Bao gm 2 yu cu.

Yu cu thay i rng bng tn-Thay i thng s truyn.

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Yu cu thay i rng bng tn-Thay i thng s nhn. Gim st trng thi gim st trng thi hot ng ca u cui, gatekeeper lin tc trao i cp bn tin IRQ/IRR vi cc u cui do n kim sot, khong thi gian u n gia cc ln trao i cc bn tin c th ln hn 10 giy v gi tr ca n do nh sn xut quyt nh. 3.5 Giai on 5: Kt thc cuc gi. Mt thit b u cui kt thc cuc gi theo cc bc sau: Dng truyn lung tn hiu video khi kt thc truyn 1 nh, sau gii phng tt c cc knh logic phc v truyn video. Dng truyn d liu v ng tt c cc knh logic dung truyn d liu. Dng truyn Audio sau ng tt c cc knh logic dung truyn Audio. Truyn bn tin H.245 endSessionConmand trn knh iu khin H.245 bo cho thu bao u kia bit n mun kt thc cuc gi. Sau n dng truyn cc bn tin H.245 v ng knh iu khin H.245. N s nhn bn tin endSessionConmand t thu bao u kia v s ng knh iu khin H.245. Nu knh bo hiu cuc gi ang m, th n s truyn i bn tin ReleaseComplete sau ng knh bo hiu.

CHNG 3: CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG VOIP

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1. B giao thc H.323. H.323 l b giao thc c pht trin bi ITU-T ( Internatinnal telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector ). H.323 phin bn 1 ra i vo nm 1996 v phin bn th h 2 ra i vo nm 1998. H.323 ban u c s dng cho mc ch truyn cc cuc hi thoi a phng tin trn mng LAN, nhng sau tr thnh mt giao thc truyn ti VoIP trn th gii> Giao thc ny chuyn i cc cuc hi thoi voice, video hay cc tp tin v cc ng dng a phng tin cn tng tc vi PSTN. y l giao thc chun, bao trm cc giao thc trc nh: H.225, H.245, H.235 1.1 Cc thnh phn hot ng trong giao thc H.323. C 4 thnh phn, bao gm: Terminal: L mt PC hay mt IP phone ang s dng giao thc H.323. Gateway: L cu ni gia mng H.323 vi cc mng khc nh: SIP, PSTN. Gateway ng vai tr chuyn i cc giao thc trong vic thit lp v chm dt cc cuc gi, chuyn i cc media format gia cc mng khc nhau. Gatekeeper: ng vai tr l nhng im trung tm ( focal points ) trong m hnh mng H.323. cc dch v nn s quyt nh vic cung cp a ch ( addressing ) phn pht bng thng ( bandwidth ), cung cp ti khon, thm nh quyn ( authentication ) cho cc terminal v gateway. Mutipoint control unit ( MCU ): H tr vic hi thoi a im ( conference ) cho cc my termina ( 3 my tr ln ) trong mng H.323. 1.2 Phng thc hot ng ca H.323 network. Khi mt phin kt ni c thc hin, vic dch a ch ( address translation ) s c mt gateway m nhn. Khi a ch IIP ca my ch c xc nhn, mt kt ni TCP s c tht lp t a ch ngun ti ngi nhn thng qua giao thc Q.931 ( l mt phn ca b giao thc H.323 ). bc ny, c 2 ni u tin hnh vic trao i cc tham s, bao gm cc tham s m ha ( enconding parameters ) v cc thnh phn tham s lien quan khc, Cc cng kt ni v phn pht a ch cng c cu hnh. 4 knh RTCP v RTP c kt ni, mi knh c mt hng duy nht. RTP l knh truyn d liu m thanh ( voice data ) t mt thc th sang mt thc th khc. Khi cc knh c kt ni th d liu m thanh s c pht thng qua cc knh truyn ny thng qua cc RTCP instructions. 2. Giao thc SIP. SIP: ( Session Inittiation Protocol ) c pht trin bi IETF ( Internet Engineering Task Force ) MMUSIC ( Multiparty Multimedia Session Control ) Working group ( theo RFC 3261 ) y l mt giao thc kiu k t ( Text-based protocol_khi Client gi yu cu n Server th Server s gi thng tin nguowdj v cho Client ), n gin hn giao thc H.323. N ging vi HTTP hay SMTP. Gi tin ( message ) bao gm cc hearder v phn than ( message body ). SIP l mt giao thc ng dng ( Application protocol ) v chy trn cc giao thc UDP, TCP v STCP. 2.1: Cc thnh phn trong SIP network. Cu trc mng ca SIP khc vi giao thc H.323. Mt mng SIP bao gm cc End points, Proxy, Redirect Server, Locotion Server v Regisstar. Ngi s

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dng phi ng k vi Registar v a ch ca h. Nhng thng tin ny s c lu tr vo mt External Locotion Server. Cc gi tin SIP s c gi thng qua cc Proxy Server hay cc Redirect Server. Proxy Server da vo tiu to trn gi tin lin lc vi Server cn lin lc ri gi cc parkets cho my ngi nhn. Cc Radirect Server ng thi gi thng tin li cho ngi gi ban u. 2.2: Phng thc hot ng ca SIP network. SIP l m hnh mng s dng kiu kt ni 3 hng ( 3 way handshake mothol ) trn nn TCP. V d mt m hnh SIP gm 1 Proxy v 2 end points. SDP ( Session Description Protocol ) c s dng mang gi tin v thng tin c nhn ( v d nh tn ngi gi ). Khi my 1 gi mt INVITE cho Proxy server vi mt thng tin SDP. Proxy Server s a yu cu ny n my ngi nhn 2, nu my ngi nhn 2 ng , tn hiu OK s c gi thng qua nh dng SDP cho n my 1. My 1 s phn ng li bng 1 ACK_tn hiu bo nhn. Sau khi ACK c nhn, cuc g s bt u vi giao thc RTP/RTCP. Khi cuc in m kt thc, My 1 s gi tn hiu Bye v my 2 s phn hi bng tn hiu OK. Khc vi H.323, SIP khng c c ch bo mt ring, SIP s dng c ch thm nh quyn ca HTTP ( HTTP Digrest Authentication ), TLS. IPSec v S/MIME ( Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extention ) cho vic bo mt d liu. Ngoi ra cn c cc giao thc khc nh: MGCP v Megaco/H.248. MGCP (Media getway Control Prtocol): c s dng lin lc gia cc thnh phn ring l ca mt VoIP gateway tch ri. y l mt protocol c b sung cho hai giao thc SIP v H.323. Vi MGCP MGC server c kh nng qun l cc cuc gi v cuc m thoi di s h tr ca cc dch v ( Service ) MGCP l mt giao thc master/slave vi cc rang buc cht ch gia MG ( end point ) v MGC ( server ). MEGACO/H.248: (Gateway Control Protocol): C ngun gc t MGCP v c s dng rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip. S pht trin MEGACO/H.248 bao gm vic h tr a phng tin v cc dch v hi thoi nng cao a im ( mutilpoitn conferencing enhanced services ), cc c php lp trnh c nng cao nhm tng hiu qu cho cc tin trnh m thoi, h tr c vic m ha text, binary v thm vo vic m rng cc nh ngha cho cc parkets. MEGACO a ra nhng c cu bo mt ( Security Me chanisms ) trong cc c cu truyn ti c bn nh IPSec. H.248 i hi s thc thi y ca giao thc H.248 kt hp s b sung ca IPSec khi h iu hnh (OS) v mng truyn vn ( transport network ) c h tr IPSec.

CHNG 4: TNG QUAN M HNH NG DNG 3CX.

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I. TNG QUAN V 3CX. 1.Tng quan. H thng in thoi 3CX chy trn nn Windows l mt h thng IP PBX bng phn mm thay th cho Microsoft Windows v c da trn chun SIP gip d dng hn trong vic qun l, cho php s dng bt k in thoi SIP no ( Phn cng hoc phn mm ). Khi s dng VOIP Gateway, d dng kt ni ng dy in thoi hin c vi IP PBX, sn sng cho vic gi v nhn cuc gi thng qua PSTN. L do tin ch s dng 3CX Phone System For Windows. 1.1 n gin. 3CX Phone System l mt chng trnh chy trn my tnh c th tn dng li th sc mnh x l ca my tnh v giao din ngi dng ca Windows. Vic ci t v cu hnh n gin. trong khi mt h thng in thoi c quyn thng i hi ngi qun tr c o to trn h thng in thoi c th. 1.2 D qun l 3CX Phone System s dng giao din web cu hnh, cho php d dng duy tr v tinh chnh h thng in thoi. trong khi h thng c quyn thng i km vi s tay hng dn chi cht cc lnh kh hiu. 1.3 Tit kim chi ph in thoi. C th tit kim chi ph dng k bng cch s dng mt nh cung cp dch v VOIP cho cc cuc gi ng di hoc quc t. D dng kt ni cc h thng in thaoij gia cc vn phng chi nhnh v nhn vin t xa thng qua internet hoc WAN v thc hin cuc gi in thoi min ph. 1.4 Khng cn dy in thoi ring bit-S dng chung mng my tnh. H thng in thoi VOIP cho php bn kt ni in thoi phn cng trc tip vo cng mng (m n c th chia s vi my tnh lin k). in thoi phn mm c th ci t trc tip vo my tnh. C ngha l bn khng cn phi ci t v duy tr mt h thng ng ay ring bit cho h thng in thoi. to cho bn s linh hot ln hn nhiu them USER/EXTENSION. Nu bn dang trin khai cho mt vn phng cha c h thng dy in thoi, bn c th tit kim ng k bng cch ch ci t mt mng my tnh. 1.5 Khng s nh cung cp Lock-in. H thng in thoi VOIP l tiu chun m-tt c cc h thng IP PBX hin i s dng giao thc SIP. iu ny c ngha l bn c th s dng hu
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nh bt k in thoi SIP VOIP hoc phn cng VOIP Gateway. Ngc li, mt h thng in thoi c quyn thng yu cu in thoi c quyn c thit k c bieeyj cho h thng in thoi v cc modun m rng c quyn them cc tnh nng. 1.6 kh nng m rng i vi h thng c quyn th tht kh kh them mt ng dy in thoi mi hoc khi cn m rng phm vi th bn cng phi u t them phn cng t tin. H thng 3CX Phone chy trn nn IP v l tiu chun m nn bn d dng them ng dy in thoi mi v m rng mng li. 1.7 Dch v khch hng tt hn v ci thin nng sut hot ng Bi v cc cuc gi c da trn my tnh, n d dng hn nhiu cho cc nh pht trin tch hp vi cc ng dng kinh doanh. V d: Cuc gi s t ng kt ni vo d liu ca khch hng ly thng tin khch hng, nhanh chng ci thin dch v khch hng v ct gim chi ph. Cc cuc gi i c th t trc tip t OutLook, loi b s cn thit cho ngi dng g vo s x in thoi. 1.8 Thao tc d dng cho ngi s dng. Thng rt kh s dng cc tnh nng h thng in thoi tin tin nh hi ngh, ghi am cuc gi v chuyn cuc gi trn h thng c quyn nhng vi 3CX, thng qua giao din ngi dng trn nn web Portal 3CX MyPhone, tt c cc hnh ng c th d dng thc hin t giao din ngi dng thn thin. 1.9 Nhiu tnh nng tin tin. Bi v h thng in thoi da trn phn mm nn n d dng v nhiu hn na hiu qu chi ph cho 3CX ci thin b tnh nng v hiu sut. H thng in thoi 3CX i km vi mt b tnh nng phong ph nh: Auto attendant, voice mail, call conferencing. Cc ty chn ny thng rt tn km trong cc h thng s hu c quyn. 1.10 Kim sot tt hn thng qua bo co tt hn.

VOIP thit lp lu tr thng tin cuc gi trong v ngoi nc mt c s d liu trn my ch, cho php bo co nhanh hn rt nhiu nh chi ph cuc gi v lu lng cuc gi. 1.11 3CX MyPhone gim st trng thi.

H thng s hu c quyn thng yu cu in thoi t tin cho php bn xem trng thi ca ngi gi v chun b gi. Vi h thng in
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thoi 3CX MyPhone cng thng tin ngi dng cho thy ngi dng r rng v trng thi ngi dng. Qun l c th nhn thy nhng g khch hng c phc v. 2. C ch lm vic ca IP Phone System. VoIP Phone System bao gm mt hoc nhiu tng i IP PBX tiu chun SIP hoc VoIP Gateway. IP PBX server ging nh mt proxy server, SIP client ( soft phone hoc hard phone ) ng k vi my ch PBX.Khi c nhu cu thc hin cuc gi, chng gi yu cu n cho tng i PBX thit lp kt ni. PBX c mt directory lu tr tng tin ca ngi gi ( Phone/User ), khi chng c th thc hin kt ni mt cuc gi ni b, hoc l kt ni vi cuc gi ra bn ngoi thng qua VoIP Gateway hoc vi nh cung cp dch v VoIP.

VOIP Phone System Overview 3. Nguyn tc hot ng trn Router. Khi tn hiu m thanh vo ng nghe hay microphone m microphone ny gn vo sound card trn my tnh, m thanh s to ra tn hiu, nhng tn hiu tng t (analog). truyn nhng m thanh ny qua my tnh ca ngi nhn th cc sng m thanh ny phi c s ha v my tnh ch x l dng tn hiu s 01010... Tn hiu tng t c chuyn sang tn hiu s dng thut ton c bit chuyn i. Nhng thit b khc nhau c cch chuyn i khc nhau nh in thoi h tr VoIP hay cc in thoi ng dng ci trn cc my trm (softphone), nu dng in thoi analog thng thng th cn mt b iu hp chuyn i (Telephony Adapter
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(TA)). Sau ging ni c s ha s c ng vo gi tin v gi trn mng IP. Ngha l, s c nhng thit b thc hin chc nng s ha ting ni ca bn c th lu tr v truyn trn mng. Thit b c th l IPPhone nh bn trn c nhc ti, c th l bo iu hp TA... my gi c th gi n my nghe, phi c thm giao thc thc hin vic bt tay v kim sot cuc g l hai giao thc ph bin l SIP v H.323. Trong sut tin trnh mt giao thc nh SIP hay H323 s c dng iu khin (control) cuc gi nh l thit lp, quay s, ngt kt ni v RTP th c dng cho tnh nng m bo tin cy v duy tr cht lng dch v trong qu trnh truyn. S ha tn hiu Analog: Chuyn i tn hiu tng t (analog) thnh thng tin dng s (digital) l cng vic kh khn. V bn thn dng m thanh nh ging ni con ngi dng tng t do cn mt s lng ln cc gi tr s (digital) biu din bin (amplitude), tn s (frequency) v pha (phase), chuyn i nhng gi tr thnh dng s nh phn (0 v 1) l rt kh khn. Cn thit cn c c ch dng thc hin s chuyn i ny v kt qu ca s pht trin ny l s ra i ca nhng thit b c gi l thit b h tr m ha chuyn i thng tin (codec - coder-decoder) hay cn gi thit b m ha v gii m. Tn hiu thoi tng t ca ngi ang thc hin cuc gi c t vo u vo ca thit b codec v c chuyn i thnh chui s nh phn u ra. Sau qu trnh ny thc hin tr li bng cch chuyn chui s thnh dng analog u cui, vi cng qui trnh codec. C 4 bc lin quan n qu trnh s ha (digitizing) mt tn hiu tng t (analog): Ly mu (Sampling). Lng t ha (Quantization). M ha (Encoding). Nn ging ni (Voice Compression). 4. Tn hiu cuc gi. Tn hiu cuc gi, mc c bn, l rt cn thit cho h thng mng in thoi. N i hi kh nng t nhn bit c mt yu cu dch v hay mt ngt kt ni. Tn hiu cuc gi cn cung cp cc bo co v tin thc hin dch v cho bn khi xng. Mt cch tng qut, tn hiu cuc gi c chia thnh ba nhm chnh nh sau:

Supervisory singnaling: tn hiu gim st Address signaling: tn hiu thng bo a ch Informational signaling: tn hiu mang thng tin

Mt cuc gi c thit lp, cc tn hiu gim st, a ch, thng tin l nhng thnh phn c bn ca tn hiu bo. Tn hiu gim st (Supervisory signaling) cho
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bit in thoi ang trng thi nhc my (off hoook), tn hiu a ch xy ra khi ngi dng quay s, v tn hiu thng tin chnh l m bo khi ngi dung quay s.

Thit lp cuc gi c bn Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi c th chia thnh ba bc c bn nh sau:

Local Signaling pha ngi gi: Ngi gi nhc my, mng c ng mch, ngi gi bt u quay s. Tn hiu quay s c gi ln tng i chuyn tip n u nhn. Cc tng i t thit lp cc kt ni phc v cho cuc gi thng qua cc trunk Network Signaling: Cc tng i ni b chuyn tn hiu chy trn truck n vi my ch cn gi. Mt tin nhn thit lp kt ni (Setup Message) c s dng thit lp cc kt ni gia cc tng i ni b. Local Signaling pha ngi nhn: Nhn c tn hiu bo c cuc gi n. Ngi dng nhc my, n gi mt tn hiu bo mch sn sng tr chuyn ln ng Local Loop bo cho my gi bit.

hiu gim st (Supervisory Signaling): L tn hiu cho bit trng thi hot ng ca in thoi.

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Tn hiu gim st C ba trng thi c bn sau:

On Hook: Khi in thoi gc my xung Off Hook: Khi ngi dng nhc my ln, chun b quay s gi i. Ringing: Khi ngi dng trng thi Off Hook v c ngi khc gi n, in thoi ca ngi dng nhn cuc gi chung bo c cuc gi n.

Tn hiu a ch (Address Signaling) Di y l hai ci in thoi. Vi in thoi th nht, quay s bn ch cn bm s, vi ci th hai bn phi quay vng trc. Khi bn quay s nh vy, tn hiu quay s c gi l Address Signaling

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Tn hiu a ch. C hai cch khc nhau biu din cho tn hiu quay s: Dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF): Dng tn s biu din cho mi s. Vi cch ny, mi nt bm s c i din bi hai dy tn s khc nhau, mt tn s cao v mt tn s thp. Khi bn bm mt phm s, s kt hp gia hai giai iu tn s thng bo cho cng ty in thoi bit bn gi i s no. Pulse: S dng xung. Vi cch bo hiu ny, mi s s c i din bi mt xung di ngn khc nhau. Cch ny p dng cho in thoi c vng quay (xa ri). Khi bn quay s 9 c xung s di hn quay s 1, lc tng i s bit bn cn quay s my. Tn hiu mang thng tin (Information Signaling) S kt hp gia cc m bo s bit trng thi ca cuc gi ang thc hin. Mi tn s v cc mu tng ng vi trng thi khc nhau ca cuc gi. Di y l bng biu th s kt hp , v nhng trng thi c bn:

Dial tone: Cho bit in thoi sn sng thc hin cuc gi v nhn cuc gi Busy: in thoi trong trng thi bn Ringback: Cho bit tng i ang c gng thc hin cuc gi
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Congestion: Mng b tt nghn Reorder tone: Cho bit tt c cc ng mng ni b ang bn, khng th nhn cuc gi vo. Ci ny ging nh bn gi n tng i t vn dch v, c m bo li rng tt c cc tng i vin ang bn Receiver off hook: Thng bo in thoi trng thi Off Hook thi gian di m khng thc hin cuc gi i No such number: Tnh trng ngi dng gi mt s in thoi khng tn ti. CI T PHN MM NG DNG 3CX. 1. Nhng thnh phn cn thit c th ci t c 3CX PhoneSystem. My tnh chy Windows 2000, Windows XP, Vista hoc Server 2003 ci t 3CX PhoneSystem thnh tng i IP PBX. in thoi IP (SIP Phone) hoc phn mm SIP Phone hoc cng c th dung cc Adaptor Internet Phone sau kt ni in thoi thng vo tr thnh SIP Phone. Dng phn mm SIP Phone bt tin l my tnh phi m thng xuyn c th nghe chung reo khi c cuc gi n v dng tai nghe c Microphone m thoi. Nu s dng SIP Phone server phc v cho nhiu chi nhnh th cn m thm cc port trn Router ADSL nhng my in thoi xa c th kt ni v tng i IP PBX. Nu mun m rng tng i c th gi hay nhn t cc s in thoi khc ca h thng tng i bu in cn mua thit b VoIP kt ni thm vo. Nhng thit b s dng trong bi l: My tnh chy trn nn Windows XP. Phn mm tng i IP 3CX PhoneSystem 8.0. Phn mm in thoi Xline-Softphone. 2. Tin hnh ci t. 2.1. Ci t tng i 3CX. trin khai mt h thng VoIP, thit b quan trng nht l tng i. Tng i IP khc vi tng i in thoi truyn thng ch l cc my IP gi d liu n tng i bng c s hn tng mng, dng giao thc TCP/IP. Tng i c th m rng nhiu s (Extention)

II.

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Click chut ci t-Chn Next.

Chn Next tip tc ci t.

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nh du chn ri chn Next.

Chn Next ci t

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Chn ngn ng.

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Chn s Disgits cho cc Extension

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Nhp Username v Passwork khi login.

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To Extension.

To Extension th nht c tn sac nguyen s 100. Chn Add add extension 1.

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To Extension th nht c tn sac nguyen s 101. Chn Add add extension 2.

To xong 2 Extension- Chn Next.

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Chn Next.

Chn Skip.

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Thng tin Extension.

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Login vo h thng tng i.

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Ti chng trnh qun l cha 2 Extension to.

Thng tin v Extension.

2.2. Ci t X-Line. Chun b phn mm Soft Phone X-Line. Tin hnh ci mc nh.
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Tin hnh cu hnh Soft Phone X-Line

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By gi nhp vo mt tn hin th. Trong trng User name, nhp s phn m rng. Trng ny phi tng ng vi cc lnh vc ID quy nh trong phn xc thc ca trang Tin ch m rng Management Console 3CX. Trong trng Password, nhp mt khu SIP. Mt khu ny phi ph hp vi mt khu c cu hnh trong lnh vc 'Mt khu' trong phn xc thc ca trang Tin ch m rng Management Console 3CX. Trong lnh vc tn y quyn, nhp s phn m rng mt ln na. Trng ny phi tng ng vi cc lnh vc ID quy nh trong phn xc thc ca trang Tin ch m rng Management Console 3CX. Trong trng 'Domain', nhp vo a ch mng (IP hoc tn min y ) ca my ch h thng in thoi 3CX. Nu vo mt FQDN, xem xt FAQ ny. Trong phn proxy min, m bo rng bn chn ng k vi tn min v nhn cuc gi trong nc. Chn 'min mc tiu'. Click vo OK lu cc ti khon.

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PHN BA
KT QU T C QUA T THC TP
Qua thi gian ngn thc tp ti Cng ty CPDV ChuDu24, gip em c th tip xc, tm hiu vi thc t, rn luyn k nng thc hnh hiu bit thm v p dng nhng kin thc m thy c dy trn gh nh trng. y v khong thi gian v c cng qu gi em c c hi lm quen vi chuyn mn c o to, sau khi tt nghip c th sm ha nhp vi cc c quan, doanh nghip. Thi gian thc tp cn gip em bi dng v rn luyn phng php nghin cu k thut, cng ngh mi v l dp tt nht em c th tp dt cho ngh nghip mai ny ca mnh. Sau khi thc hin thi gian thc tp v bo co, em t c mt s kt qu sau: Tm hiu c s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin hin nay trn th gii v tm ng dng ca n ti Vit Nam. Tip cn vi thc t v c th ha nhng l thuyt c hc trn nh trng bng nhng cng vic c th. Trn c s , c th t nng cao c nng lc nghin cu khoa hc v nng lc thc hnh ca chnh bn thn mnh. Qua cng c, nng cao nhng kin thc ca mnh. Rn luyn cc k nng mm, k nng giao tip, k nng ng x c mt hnh trang vng chc cho s nghip trong tng lai. Tm hiu c nguyn tc hot ng v ng dng c th ca phn mm ng dng 3CX, mt ng dng ang pht trin rt mnh v tng lai c th thay th cho mng in thoi PSTN thng thng. Tuy c gng ht sc nhng chc chn vn cn rt nhiu thiu st rt mong mun c s ch bo ca qu thy c em ngy cng nm bt hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n.

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MC LC
LI CM N................................................................................................................................1 BAN LNH O CNG TY....................................................................................................4

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