DISTILLATION Tutorial Sheet 1.

For a mixture of A and B at 455K and 205 kN/m2, it was found thdt the vapour pressures of A and B were 282 kN/m2 and 108 kN/m2. a) Find the liquid and equilibrium vapour composition of a mixture of A and B under these conditions. b) Express the relative volatility of the components in terms of liquid and vapour compositions. c) Calculate the relative volatility of the components. 2. An equi-molar mixture of Benzene and Toluene is subjected to a flash distillation at a pressure of 1 bar in the separator still. Using equilibrium data given below determine the composition of liquid and vapour leaving the unit when the feed is 40% vapourised 70% vapourised Liquid composition of B, x Vapour composition of B, y 0 0 0.2 0.35 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

3. A continuous fractionating column, operating at atmospheric pressure, is to be designed to separate a mixture containing 15.67% CS2 and 84.33 % CCL4 into an overhead product containing 91% CS2 and a waste of 97.3% CCL4. Assume a plate efficiency of 70% and a reflux bf 3.16 kmol per kmol of product. Using the following data, determine the number of plates required. Feed enters at 290K with a specific heat of 1.7 kJ/kg K and boiling point of 336K. The latent heat of CS2 and CCL4 is 25900 kJ/kmol.
Mol % CS 2 in 0 vapour Mol % CS2 in 0 liquid 8.23 2.96 15.55 6.15 26.6 11.06 33.2 14.35 49.5 25.85 63.4 39.0 74.7 53.18 82.9 66.30 87.8 75.75 93.2 86.04

4. A distillation column operating at 1 atm is to be designed for separating an ethanolwater mixture. The feed is 20 mole% ethanol and the feed flow rate is 1000 kg-mole/hr of saturated liquid. A distillate composition of 80 mole% ethanol and a bottoms composition of not more than 2 mole% ethanol are desired. The reflux ratio is 5/3.

Determine: (a) the total number of equilibrium stages required b) the optimum feed plate location c) the distillate and bottoms flow rates in kg-mole/hr Equilibrium data for ethanol-water System at 1 atm pressure are in Table given below:
Temprature C 100 95.5 89.0 86.7 85.3 84.1 82.7 82.3 81.5 80.7 79.8 79.7 79.3 78.7 78.4 78.1 5. Mol % ethanol in liquid 0 1.90 7.21 9.66 12.38 16.61 23.37 26.08 32.73 39.65 50.79 51.98 57.32 67.63 74.72 89.43 Mol% ethanol in vapour 0 17.00 38.91 43.75 47.04 50.89 54.45 55.80 58.26 61.22 65.64 65.99 68.41 73.85 78.15 89.43

The following table gives the relationship between the mol fraction of carbon disulphide in the liquid and in the vapour evolved from the mixture during the distillation of a carbon disulphidecarbon tetrachloride mixture:
X

0 0

0.2 0.445

0.40 0.65

0.60 0.795

0.80 0.91

1.00 1.00

6. A plant must distill a mixture containing 75 mole percent methanol and 25 percent water. The overhead product is to contain 99.99 mole percent methanol and the bottom product 0.002 mole percent. The feed is cold, and for each mole of feed 0.15 mol of vapour is condensed at the feed plate. The reflux ratio at the top of the column is 1.4, and the reflux is at bubble-point. Calculate
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a) the minimum number of plates; b) the minimum reflux ratio; c) the number of plates, assuming an average Murphree plate efficiency of 72%. Equilibrium data:

0.1
0.417

0.2 0.579

0.3

0.669

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.729 0.780 0.825

0.7 0.871

0.8 0.915

0.9 0.959

1.0 1.0