Professional Documents
Culture Documents
c o m
Content Services in
INDIA
Rushing to deliver device-neutral and
media-rich content across publishing segments
for multiple platforms and technologies
Market Transformation
Equals Challenges and
Opportunities
By Teri Tan
PW Talks with Jan Barsnes of eBokNorden and Prograph (on outsourcing to India and the state of the e-book industry
in Scandinavia)
P U B L I S H E R S W E E K LY A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
cP
Title Management
MANUSCRIPT TO MARKET
U.S. +1 610-940-1700;
UK +44 (0)1865 261437; Spain +34-607 261 801
www.codeMantra.com info@codeMantra.com
P U B L I S H E R S W E E K LY A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
integrated into the app, and kids can play and learn
through story-related activities. Future app enhancements
will include connecting these activities to a back-end
server for adaptive learning.
How do EPub 3 and HTML5 figure in your app
projects?
The biggest advantage of EPub 3 is that now we can have
a single archive for text and multimedia components
rather than having to combine them separately. In the
case of HTML5, portability is the biggest advantage,
especially for producing apps across platforms. We can
structure the app in HTML5 and then use a framework to
create a native app. But HTML5 remains device and
browser dependent, and apps developed for Android
require a lot of testing for all devices.
How is KiwiTech doing since your 2009 launch?
We have more than 150 staff now and continue to focus
on the mobile platform, even though our team is increasingly involved in mobile front-end and back-end applicationsbasically, building the complete ecosystem. It has
been an interesting journey that went from a small Washington, D.C., office with one developer when our first app
was built in March 2009 to the current vibrant New
Delhi office. We emphasize a culture of creative freedom,
and everyone seems to be having a lot of fun. In fact, we
just came back from a company trip to Chahl near the
Himalayaswith five busloads of people.
What are your plans for 2012?
We have been doing very well in the publishing sector.
Our understanding of content has certainly differentiated KiwiTech from other industry players. Internally, we
have recently expanded our sales team from four to eight
persons, and we are looking at further growth in the
coming months. We are also adding many new verticals
to our portfolio, including corporate, health, and
government.
Go Digital or Be
Irrelevant
and CEO Sriram Subramanya. Publishers are seeing increased content demand
across a variety of devices and platforms
but have fewer resources and tighter
deadlines. Agility, speed-to-market, content optimizationthese are always on
their minds. Then there is the need to
drive up e-sales exponentially with high
profitability, and to manage consumer
demand for interactive e-books, apps,
learning products, and online learning
now that the proliferation of tablets and
smartphones has reached critical mass.
For many, there is the pressing need to
offer content continuum with games, animation, and interactivity. Constant evaluation and tweaking of work flow to suit
these changes and challenges are the order
of the day. But keeping pace with the fastchanging technology and understanding
consumer behavior is a really tall order.
What the publishers decide to do will
naturally affect the content services
industry as a whole.
Market trends put further pressure on
DiTech Process Soluons, a leading content and technology soluons provider, oers you
reliable and cost-eecve end-to-end publishing soluons in apps and ancillary content
development, creaon of enhanced eBooks, xed layout eBooks, pre-press and conversion
services, NIMAS and Braille conversion. Commied to quality and innovaon, DiTech helps
you keep pace with technology and meet the growing demands of the evolved reader.
US | India
Write to us at:
sales@ditechps.com
www.ditechps.com
W5
WxW5. 1/8
P U B L I S H E R S W E E K LY. C O M
What is GoClass?
This is a cloud-based solution that works on tablets and
mobile devices, and you can download the app from the
Apple App Store. With GoClass, students interact directly with teacher-curated content and benefit from a oneon-one learning experience. Teachers, on the other hand,
receive instantaneous attendance and class participation
data, real-time comprehension results with detailed analytics, and out-of-classroom usage information. The
GoClass app has been downloaded for use by more than
700 schools and educational institutions.
And what about Learning eXchange?
This platform offers a holistic learning experience where
social learning and collaboration principles are built
around learning objects that students
interact with. It also links each object
with related articles, blogs, posts, and
discussions so that the learner can delve
deeper. The learning object can therefore
be enriched over time as learners and
instructors contribute additional related
material, creating a current and dynamic
content repository.
What do you think of EPub 3 and
What else have you been up to?
HTML5?
We have significantly expanded our ediWith Flash on its way out, most publishtorial services for digital products, investers are facing a significant legacy convered in work-flow management tools, and
Samudra Sen, CEO of
sion problem, since their assets need to
CMMI Level 5 processes. We also did a
LearningMate
keep up with emerging technology stanhuge amount of vocational training
dards such as HTML5. Similarly, EPub 3 is the emerging
courses for two large educational publishers. And over in
standard for creating media-rich interactive e-books,
the U.S., our team is involved in a complex statewide
whereas EPub 2 is mostly for static e-books. I think that
technology project.
there is going to be a convergence of standards or definiAre you able to elaborate on that project?
tion of interoperability standards for e-books very soon.
It is a technology rationalization project. Vendors will put
Our focus at LearningMate is on creating quality learning the applications they offer on a cloud-based platform, such
experiences built around the book. We have seen a big
as administrative, teaching and learning systems, backincrease in HTML5 conversion projects from higher ed,
office, etc. School districts or the state can then decide
STM, and k12 clients in the past six months, besides
which applications to use and which to retire. Our team is
specialized apps for their titles. To meet the demand, we
now auditing all applications to make the platform more
have upgraded our ICE [Instructional Content Editor]
efficient and smart. We are also working on business intelplatform to enable a large degree of templating and autoligence, analytics, and IIS [instructional improvement
mation for such conversions, which in turn leads to huge
systems] to raise learning effectiveness across state- and
efficiency improvement and cost savings.
district-level schools.
How about cloud-based technologies?
Any major plans for 2012?
Today, most RFPs [requests for proposal] ask for cloudThe new facility being built in Rajarhat, Kolkata, will
based implementation, and this technology is becoming
allow us to increase our staff strength from the present 450
increasingly important. We have moved everything
to 600 at the beginning of 2013. Our U.S. team will also
mobile and enterprise applicationsto the cloud, and use expand from the current 30 people to 50. We are seeing
Amazon Web Services to support our own products such
very strong organic growth, which should match the
as GoClass and Learning eXchange.
more than 50% growth that we enjoyed last year.
P U B L I S H E R S W E E K LY A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
Emerging Opportunities
Three to four years ago, interest in XML
was largely restricted to STM publishers, says Walter Walker, executive
director of publishing services at codeMantra. Today, we see trade and educational publishers pushing for XML-first
work flow and structured XML content
solutions. This has audacious implications for the future of publishing and our
business as more and more publishers
and vendors seek skills and talents that
are commonly associated with the software industry. The characteristics of publishing have changed, and competitive
publishers have become, in part, technology companies, however reluctantly.
For codeMantra, technology is the problem as well as the solution. Its three
trademarked productsCollection
Point (now in its third version), Universal PDF, and pubXMLwere created to
simplify the process and help publishers
solve problems that arise from their need
Thomson Digital
Although the STM segment has long
been Thomson Digitals core competency
(with a clientele comprising a whos who
in the segment), executive director Vinay
Singh is still discovering many untapped
areas. Customizing solutions to meet
these niche requirements ranks high on
his business plan: With technology continuously bringing disruptive innovation to the industry, publishers have to
constantly deal with challenges such as
high digitization costs, complex multichannel delivery, content interoperability, and content security. But help is at
hand: we are in the last phase of developing an enterprise content management
portal, which we call TD-XPS. This is
one of our innovative solutions designed
to provide our clients competitive differentiation and operational efficiencies.
The increasing demand for e-learning
modules and content compatible with
smartphones and tablets has also raised
the demand for concept art and character
design with distinct local flavors. Since
there is a shift toward multichannel
delivery, conceptual design now takes
into consideration the requirements of all
delivery platforms right from the initiation stage. While online distribution
makes it convenient for publishers to test
new markets, it comes with an increasing
Making
content
digital,
mobile,
now.
Vinay Singh, executive director of Thomson
Digital
need for design adaptations. The challenge is to maintain the original art style
of the publisher while creating adaptable
content, as well as products, for different
markets.
Adds Singh, For every new technology that has come on the scene, Thomson
Digital has created applications that
capitalize on the best that the technology
has to offer. For instance, our team has
created unique and immersive mobile
learning, or m-learning, modules that
produce an advanced knowledge environment using mobile technology to the
maximum. We have customized mobile
apps for different segments, ranging
from magazines, health care, and medical
publishing to k12 and higher ed. Our
team of content developers, instructional
designers, and technology experts make
maximum use of the digital space to create a rich media experience. In short, we
offer publishers cost-effective ways to
distribute their content on various platforms, enhance their brand value, get in
sync with market demands, and create
new revenue sources.
There is also immense opportunity in
the non-English-speaking world. We
have been able to tap and develop such
markets by extending the complete
range of services to them, including content development and technology localization, says Singh. We now have associates in Rio de Janeiro and Poland in
Instructional Design
XML Workflows
Editorial Services
Assessment Solutions
Immersive eBooks
Mobile Apps
Publish Everywhere.
Thats Where Students Learn.
With an e-publishing partner who understands your business,
your products and your customers, you can deliver digital content
on multiple channels quickly and affordably. LearningMate
empowers you with innovative technologies, professional
services and streamlined processes to give your customers
moremore content, more engagement, more learning.
Authoring Tools
Custom Applications
www.learningmate.com
www.goclass.com
@learningmate
Planman Technologies
Last year, a major publisher of textbooks,
reference works, trade titles, and educational software selected Planman as a
vendor of choice for a project to produce
multiple programs for mobile and handheld devices. This project required an
understanding of educational products,
as our team had to review the content and
make decisions and recommendations
relating to file formats that could be produced, such as reflowable EPub and
fixed-layout EPub. Furthermore, the
content had to be tested on multiple
devices and platforms based on the clients acceptance testing criteria and quality parameters, says v-p for sales Amit
Vohra. Now that EPub 3 and DAISY
standards are converging, the idareadera software application produced
by Planman and Danish company xmltekst for dyslexic and visually impaired
readerswill be the first to have the
ability to read aloud both DAISY and
are asking for more full-service packaging and digital technology solutions,
often with simultaneous delivery. Planmans full-service packaging model is
focused on the k16 market, and its team
has just finished a big primary math
project for a well-known educational
OFFSHORE
ONSHORE
Newgen Knowledge
Works
Solutions Beyond
Expectations
HYBRID
eBooks/ePub3/HTML5
iPad & Android Apps
Project Management
Content Development
(Writing, Editing & Accuracy checking)
Composition
Design & Illustration
True XML First Workflow
NIMAS Conversion
MPS Limited
The indisputable leader in the journal
segment, MPS is currently building an
app factory with interactive journal content for a large publisher. We anticipate
that journals will increasingly shift to
mobile delivery and incorporate handheld devices visual and interactive features. Devices will play a bigger role in
determining and driving content dissemination, says chairman Nishith
Arora, adding that the key drivers of
journal and STM publishing are going to
be monetization of content, minimal
manual intervention at the prepress
stage, and time-to-market.
Helping publishers to generate usage
statisticssomething that is required by
libraries and institutions that subscribe
to their e-books, e-journals, or databasesis one way of monetizing content. Our MPSInsight delivers COUNTER-compliant reports and a suite of
reports through a Web-based interface.
We have also added a sales module,
Insight Plus, which can be used by publishers sales and marketing teams to
increase revenue and analyze content
usage from multiple angles. Libraries can
now log in to access reports as well as
download them, using SUSHI client, to
their ERM systems. Another new application, Data Analysis Tool, allows publishers to write ad hoc queries to slice and
dice data from different dimensions.
IEEE, for instance, switched to MPSIn-
16 P U B L I S H E R S W E E K L Y A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
Lapiz Online
Anticipation of production costs and
attrition rates creeping up in Chennai
prompted Lapiz to set up another office
in Ranipet, 110 kilometers to the west,
about seven years ago. Today, there are
more than 300 employees at this facility,
equipped with the same skill sets as the
Chennai production site. Since Ranipet
is surrounded by colleges of science,
engineering, and humanities, recruitment is easy, and the attrition rate is
quite low in such a small town. It is a
win-win solution, says COO V.
Bharathram.
Lapiz has seen an increase in whiteboard projects in the past year. So far, we
have developed IWB projects for Pro-
Integra Software
Services
Integras acquisition of Elm Street Publishing and Silver Editions (in 2007 and
2009, respectively) speaks volumes about
its U.S. focus. Having built a solid foundation in the higher-ed and pre-k segments through these acquisitions, we
have now augmented our management
team with several industry experts, says
founder, managing director, and CEO
Sriram Subramanya. He has brought on
board Don Lankiewicz (v-p for k12
publishing services), Jeff Dinardo (v-p
for creative design and imagery services),
Frankie Wright (director for editorial
and innovation), Christine Sandvik
(director for instruction and interactive
design), George Duda (director for k12
sales), Cathy Pare (director of rights and
permissions), and Amy Boilard (manager
for key accounts).
A few of these appointments are tied
to Integras new services, such as permissions management. Our team is well
versed in copyright laws, with over 20
years of experience in handling highvolume text and image research and permissions. Whether it is obtaining permissions or negotiating fees, we have it
covered, adds Subramanya, who plans to
put this service online to facilitate access
and tracking by clients.
At its full-fledged audiovisual division, preproduction services (ideation,
Innodata
Listed in EContent magazines 100 Top Companies in the
Digital Content Industry (again) and KMWorld magazines
100 Companies That Matter in Knowledge Management,
Innodata is one of the two Inkling partners to provide digital content production services utilizing Inkling Habitat.
The team has also helped two of the worlds largest media
companies create leading digital products, one of which
recouped its investment in less than two months.
This year may prove to be the tipping point in the development and distribution of media-rich interactive content.
With the new iPad, Inkling, and many other platforms
using enhanced processing and high-definition interfaces,
digital textbooks, cookbooks, and childrens books will take
a significant leap forward in their multimedia capabilities,
says senior v-p for sales and marketing Jim Lewis, adding,
this trend is not limited to publishing and media organizations. Multimedia content will become a part of customer
engagement strategies for leading companies in industries
such as high-tech software, hardware, manufacturing, and
financial services.
The apps market is only one of the many delivery channels
for content. Although we have helped many companies
develop app solutions, what we are really interested in is the
market beyond that. This is where new ways of monetizing
Our services :
Art, Design, Production and Pre-press
Copy Editing, Proof Reading and
Indexing
Data Conversion & eBook Production
eLearning, Animation and Multimedia
Markets Served :
Pre-K to 12 Educational Publishers
University Presses and Higher Ed
Trade, Professional and STM Publishers
Magazine & Catalog Publishers
Delivering innovation
for the digital age
W W W . P U B L I S H E R S W E E K LY. C O M
19
Gantec Publishing
Solutions
20 P U B L I S H E R S W E E K L Y A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
Inno ationLab
SPi Global
DiTech Process
Solutions
diacriTech
22 P U B L I S H E R S W E E K L Y A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
technology industry, is
globally. There are
gaining momentum.
many platform-based
Increasingly, entersolutions and products
prises of all sizes are
that will simplify their
embracing it. Curlives, and we would
rently, we offer several
consider offering such
cloud-based solutions
solutions in open source
for work-flow manageand proprietary techment, billing, and
nologies, says Kanodia,
social collaboration.
who also plans to focus
Our clients have benemore on Europe in the
fited immensely from
coming year. Last year,
these solutions, which
he set up a delivery cenimprove resource utiliter in Bosnia, attracted
zation and offer quick Rahul Kanodia, vice-chairman and
by the countrys strateCEO of Datamatics
adaptability for dynamic
gic location, geopolitiscalability, resulting in cost reduction
cal stability, and good infrastructure. It
and increased profitability.
is an excellent location for scaling up our
Over in Puducherry, Datamaticss new
European operations. The team there
state-of-the-art delivery center now has a
provides support to our customers in all
team of 200-plus people focused primarEuropean languages and a few Asian ones
ily on understanding the evolving needs
as well. Gradually, I see this center gainof publishers and e-retailers, and develing traction with increased service offeroping DPR solutions for such clients
ings and new clients.
Datamatics Global
Services
23
codeMantra
Established in June 2002 and headquartered in Pennsylvania, codeMantra operates in seven states across the U.S. and has
client service, production, and sales staff
based in the U.K., Italy, and Spain.
Together, its three production facilities in
Chennai, Vellore, and Coimbatore have
nearly 1,250 people. The U.S. currently
accounts for 80% of its business, and a
little more than 50% of its revenues come
from e-book creation and conversion.
Currently, codeMantra has 42 publishers, mostly university presses, using its
Web-based digital asset management
and distribution platform, cP3.0. At
present, cP serves as a repository for post-
24 P U B L I S H E R S W E E K L Y A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
Cenveo Publishers
Services
is constant!
...ever evolving and innovating with time,
only to offer you the best!
Experience the
www.thomsondigital.com
India USA UK France Australia
Aptara
Aptaras acquisition by the Londonbased publicly listed company iEnergizer
in February has injected much energy
into the firm. We are enhancing our
focus and strengthening our leading
position in the industry. We now have
even greater financial strength to invest
in strategic growth initiatives, including
acquisitions, says president and CEO
Dev Ganesan, who is looking forward to
utilizing iEnergizers high-end call center and back-office support from its
India and Mauritius operation centers.
With enhanced customer support, transaction processing, and billing services,
we can provide a truly end-to-end solution
for publishers that encompasses business
operations and content production.
Tapping into Indias key skilled labor
areas has been on Ganesans to-do list for
some time. Our strategy in India is to be
geographically diversified with produc26 P U B L I S H E R S W E E K L Y A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
Amnet Systems
Ranked #7 in the 2010 Black Book of
Outsourcing, Amnet was the only publishing services provider on the Global
Top 50 list, which was compiled based
on a client satisfaction survey of 2,751
IT-outsourcing companies. Customer
service and relationship development are
our key differentiators. We are willing to
do what it takes to help our clients
growbecause when they grow, we
grow, says North American sales director Molly Redenbaugh, pointing to the
companys 97% client retention rate as
further proof of its outstanding service
record. Her team handles customer service, sales, marketing, and editorial project management out of the one-year-old
Publishing Services
We provide
custom solutions
for the global
marketplace.
Integra provides services
in print and interactive
media, from content
development to production.
PreK12
Higher Education
ELT
STM
Call us. Well tell you more.
630 586-2579
Email us. Well get in touch.
marketing@integra.co.in
www.integra.co.in
Powering content
transformations
since 1994
Full-service
development
teams in Chicago,
New York, and
Boston
Corporate
Headquarters:
Pondicherry,
India
Complex projects and pressing deadlines are becoming the industry norm
Projects Showcase
By Teri Tan
diacriTech
Amnet Systems
XML conversion of religious publications was the challenge for Amnet Systems. The production team had to provide native XML files based on the clients DTD as well as EPub standards.
Most of the 75,000-plus pages that
arrived at its door were hard copies.
Using an integrated XML EPub work
flow, the team relied on its vast experience with theological works to design
the pages in XML/HTML/SGML with
style sheets matching the original source.
The project also involved non-English
languages such as German, Greek,
Hebrew, Latin, Spanish, and Syriac. The
team used biblio- and media-tagging
Amnets two new value-added services
to link resources, references, and images.
Aside from the e-book formats determined by the client, the team also provided an optimally designed single out-
Datamatics Global
Services
Converting more than three million
pages of legal content in multiple formats was what a major legal publisher
wanted from Datamatics. Given the
complex interlinking between the pages
and issues, the team had to develop special tools, a tracking system, and quality
mechanisms to help ensure accurate linking and content rendering. Its four delivery centers in India (located in Mumbai,
Nashik, Chennai, and Puducherry) were
ramped up to deliver the project within
10 weeks. Another four million to five
million pages are to come.
A different project saw the team help-
28 P U B L I S H E R S W E E K L Y A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
Providing full project management services from India was the requirement set
by diacriTechs client for a math-laden
science series. Composed in InDesign
and managed in an XML-first work flow,
the 2,600-page project employed a twoprong approach to enable delivery in
print PDF and e-format (HTML5 and
enriched e-books). Following the success
of their first collaboration, the publisher
is working again with the team to create
several titles with iBooks Author.
Another full-service project, involving
a 2,900-page series with English, science, social science, and math components within each title, presented quite
a challenge. Each title had to be carefully
designed to ensure continuity of the look
and style of the series. The team was
instructed to create and embed interactive elements and read-along audio for
the accompanying Flash e-book. A test
generator was also developed to help
teachers produce assessments based on
the content of the series.
DiTech Process
Solutions
Creating digital pages out of 100 print
titles published between 1995 and 2000
was one of the many digital publishing
projects handled by DiTech last year. The
client gave the team just over one month
to recreate more than 40,000 pages (with
illustrations) and convert them into EPub,
XML, Web PDF, and print-ready PDF, the
last format being the most difficult.
Although high-end scanners were
employed to maintain color accuracy and
Gantec Publishing
Solutions/eBooks2go.net
Creating an iPad app out of a discrete
math textbook was the challenge given
to Gantec. First, pages laden with symbols, equations, charts, and graphs had to
be converted from PDF to HTML. Then
the team developed an HTML reader
with built-in features such as a dictionary, notes, bookmarks, and interactive
practice tests. With this app, users can
convert finished tests into PDF, print
them for review and submission, or
e-mail them.
One of the complex projects received at
Integra
Creating interactive content that is compatible with most Web-based browsers
and interactive whiteboards and viewable on autolaunching DVD was the
project brief from one innovative publisher of supplemental teaching material.
To meet the challenge, Integras new
media services team came up with a mul-
Lapiz Online
One IWB (interactive whiteboard) project with 10,000-plus flip charts and as
many pages of teacher notes tested the
Lapiz teams knowledge and skills. A
short turnaround time was given to produce pages for different grades and
deliver batches at specified intervals. The
project scope included development,
conversion, building interactivity, and
testing of the flip charts.
W W W . P U B L I S H E R S W E E K LY. C O M
29
Planman Technologies
INTRODUCING
SPi Global
A decade ago, it took SPi Global five
years to convert more than 30 million
print pages into PDF and XML formats
for an STM publisher. Now, its team
expects to process a similar number of
pages but in more deliverable formats in
less than two years. To speed up the process, besides utilizing special conversion
tools developed for STM and professional
publications (invariably sprinkled with
equations, complex tables, and crossreferences), employing a global workflow model helps considerably. For such
large-scale projects, SPi Globals six
offices in three countries work seamlessly
on a common conversion platform. For a
content enrichment project, another
team extracted information such as
chemical formulas from various STM
publications and updated the clients
databases. Such projects require collaborative partnership with the client and
the skill of SPi Globals 75 full-time
postgraduate and Ph.D.-level subject
matter experts.
Swift Prosys
To handle a polytechnic institutes journals
from the 1800s, the team at Swift Prosys
first had to learn and recognize Gothic
fonts. Scanned pages from the client were
OCR-ed and proofread by two staff, with a
third person analyzing both sets for mismatches and corrections. Style was then
applied and the documents converted into
TEI P5 XML files. However, the liberal use
30 P U B L I S H E R S W E E K L Y A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 2
JOBZONE_1/6.indd 1
1/20/11 5:08 PM
of technical terms made spell-checking difficult, and special zoning software was
required to work on the large-format illustrations. Nonetheless, within seven
months, the team had completed 46 volumes (24,000 pages) with 250 large-format illustrations.
Another project involves scanned
pages from handwritten burial and cremation registers dating back to the 18th
century, where the biggest challenge lies
in deciphering different peoples handwriting. The teams tasks include analyzing each register, studying handwriting
patterns, preparing a specific set of manuals for each register, double keyboarding, and counterchecking and validating
each record against a huge database of
first names, surnames, counties, and
councils. A tool that provides 99.98%
accuracy in reading the handwritten
script is employed to aid the process.
About two million records have been
processed, with another three million to
four million in the pipeline.
Thomson Digital
At Thomson Digital, a big project
involving 154 chapters and nearly 2,500
typeset pages became even more complex
with requirements for three different
types of deliverables for different chapters (print only, Web only, and print plus
Web) and to liaise with nearly 154 contributors, several section editors, and the
publisher. With some contributors preferring soft copy while others hard copy
for review, job tracking became a challenge. The team had to engage subject
matter experts to interpret handwritten
corrections and monitor all project stages
on the in-house project management system (TDPMS).
Another project, totaling 27,740
pages in 40 volumes (approximately
1,050 articles) on organic chemistry,
took the team nearly a year to complete.
The biggest challenge was index generation from the clients inappropriately
tagged XML files. Special tools were
developed to extract the index terms
before sorting them according to the clients guidelines. The final index took up
more than 500 pages.
HTML5