Matter Activity #6 Lesson Plan What Are Chemical Changes in Matter?

Purpose/Rationale The purpose of this lesson is to contrast physical and chemical change. Students will be exposed to examples of chemical changes and then participate in their own chemical reaction between baking soda and vinegar. Pre-assessment data was taken into consideration during the planning of this lesson. Most of the students were unable to differentiate physical and chemical changes. Connections to Standards/Curriculum Michigan GLCE: P.PM.E.1 Physical Properties All objects and substances have physical properties that can be measured. Lesson adapted from Houghton Mifflins The Nature of Matter What I did to prepare to plan and teach this lesson I tested the reaction before this lesson to ensure the proportions of each substance would be correct. What connected lesson preceded this lesson and what do you know about students based on that work that informs this plan Previously to this lesson, students were exposed to physical changes. This lesson will compare and contrast physical and chemical changes. Following this lesson, students will focus on how heating and cooling causes change in matter. Objective: The students will be able to Understand what a chemical change is and how it is different from physical change Materials needed to have ready: Measuring tablespoon, measuring teaspoon, cups, vinegar, baking soda, thermometer Management considerations: Prepare cups of vinegar and baking soda for students that need extra help.

Introduction/hook (scripted): (10 minutes) Can someone remind the class what we learned yesterday? We learned about physical change. What were some examples of physical changes? Today, we are going to learn about another kind of change that matter can go through. Lets take a look at this photo, what is going on here?

(show slide 1) Eggs, milk, and waffle mix are being combined to make waffles. If you have ever made batter for waffles, you know that it is a mixture that includes flour, sugar, milk, and eggs. Can you taste the eggs when you eat a waffle? Not usually. After you cook waffle batter, it looks different from the way it looked below. The properties of the flour, sugar, eggs, and milk have also changed. Thats why you cant taste the eggs. Cooking waffle batter is not a physical change. (show slide 2) Now, look at this slide. What is happening here? It is a bonfire wood is burning. The wood burns into ash, something completely different. The fire gives off light and heat, which are forms of energy. These are not physical changeswhat do you think they are called? (show slide 3) They are chemical changes. A chemical change is a change in matter what produces new kinds of matter with different properties. (show slide 4) Other examples are driving a car or a rusty nail. First, a chemical reaction in the car battery produces electricity that starts the car. Then, the car engine burns gasoline in a reaction to produce energy that moves the car. A nail becomes rusty when the metal is exposed to oxygen in the air. The more oxygen there is, the faster the metal will rust. This is often why metal rusts after being exposed to water. Now lets try a chemical change of our own! You will receive a cup with four tablespoons of vinegar in it. Your job is to measure the temperature of the vinegar with your thermometer. You will be measuring in degrees Fahrenheit. Once you do that, you can add the baking soda to the vinegar and watch the thermometer carefully. I want you to see if anything changes. The directions are outlined very carefully on your hand-out. When you are finished with the baking soda and vinegar, you may throw out your cups and answer the concluding questions. (pass out cups, vinegar, tablespoons, baking soda) Student-Led Experiment (25 minutes) Walk around the class and ask the following questions: What do you think will happen when the baking soda and vinegar are combined? Did the temperature change? Why do you think the temperature changed

What kind of change did you just watch? Can you think of another name for this change? Monitor group interactions and manage materials. Conclusion (5 minutes) What happened? What did you notice? The temperature of the baking soda and vinegar went down! A temperature change is an example of a chemical change. Something called a chemical reaction took place between the baking soda and vinegar. A chemical reaction is another name for a chemical change. In a chemical reaction, the matter that you start with is called the reactant. For example, when you make waffles the reactants are the eggs, milk, sugar and flour. The product of a chemical reaction is the newly formed matter. Waffles are the product when cooking waffle batter. The reaction we just did looks like this (write this on the board) baking soda + vinegar The chemical change is shown by the arrow. The vinegar and baking soda turned into something new. The original matter did not stay the same. How is this different from a physical change? In a physical change, the original matter stayed the same. It possibly just changed shape, size, or state of matter, but in a chemical change the original matter changed into something new. Lets compare physical and chemical changes. First, we can do this with sugar. When you grind up sugar, it doesnt change it into something new. The tiny pieces of sugar are still sugar. However, when we burn sugar, heat changes some of the sugar into carbon and water and it turns into caramel. Copper is another example. Copper can be bent easily. Bending a copper tube does not turn it into something new. However, when copper is exposed to moist air, it reacts with gases in the air and forms a green coating on the outside.