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B MN
NGUYN L THNG K


NHM 5
HIU O TUNG NH INH
VIN N TI H HO N


GIO VIN HNG DN: L TH THIN HNG

















Nm hc: 2011 - 2012


B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC HOA SEN
KHOA KINH T THNG MI






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B MN
NGUYN L THNG K

NHM 5
HIU O TUNG NH INH
VIN N TI H HO N


GIO VIN HNG DN: L TH THIN HNG










Phn dnh ring cho Khoa:
Ngy np n: ___/___/___
Ngi np n: (k v ghi r h tn)



NM HC 2011 2012
B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC HOA SEN
KHOA KINH T THNG MI

CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang i

TRCH YU
Tt c cc bc cha m u mong mun con mnh s pht trin chiu cao
v khe mnh. Ta bit chiu cao ph thuc kh nhiu vo gen di truyn.
Tuy nhin, y khng phi yu t quyt nh hon ton m cn ph thuc
vo nhiu yu t khc nhau. pht trin chiu cao tt nht ta cn hiu thm
cc yu t no nh hng n chiu cao. Khi c iu kin thun li cho
tt c cc yu t ta s pht trin c chiu cao ti u ca mnh.
V vy, nhm chng ti thc hin n CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH
CA SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN nhm a ra ci nhn tng qut
nht v chiu cao v cc yu t nh hng n chiu cao cng nh tm ra
bin php pht trin chiu cao cng nh nng cao sc kho thanh thiu
nin c th hc tp v lm vic tht hiu qu.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang ii
LI CM N
Chng ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n c L Th Thin Hng v
nhng gip , gp gip chng ti hon thnh ti ny mt cch tt v
hiu qu nht.
Nhm chng ti cng xin gi li cm n n khoa Kinh T Thng
Mi trng a hc Hoa Sen v to c hi cho chng ti hc tp mt mn
hc c tnh ng dng cao vo thc tin v h tr tt cho kh nng tng hp,
x l s liu cho chng ti.
Tuy nhin do nhng hn ch v mt kin thc cng nh thi gian, nhm
chng ti khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Rt mong s nh gi v gp
ca c.
Chng ti chn thnh cm n.
Nhm thc hin n.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang iii
NHN XT

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CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang iv
DANH SCH SINH VIN
STT MSSV H V TN
1 101417 L Ngc Bch Thy
2 101534 Trn Th Mui
3 101471 V Th Thanh Trc
4 101515 Phm Trnh Huyn Trn
5 101433 Phm Trn Thin L
6 101490 L Qunh Nh
7 101073 Nguyn Th CmVn
8 101047 Nguyn Th Thanh Trc
9 101402 Nguyn Th Nguyt Hng
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang v
MC LC
Contents
TRCH YU .............................................................................................................................. i
LI CM N ........................................................................................................................... ii
NHN XT ............................................................................................................................. iii
DANH SCH SINH VIN ..................................................................................................... iv
MC LC .................................................................................................................................v
BNG PHN CNG CNG VIC ....................................................................................... vi
BNG BIU HNH NH ................................................................................................... vii
A. M U...............................................................................................................................1
1. C s l thuyt ................................................................................................................. 1
2. i tng, phm vi nghin cu v phng php nghin cu ........................................ 19
3. Cu hi nghin cu ........................................................................................................ 22
4. Gi thuyt nghin cu .................................................................................................... 22
B. NI DUNG .........................................................................................................................23
2. Mt s yu t tc ng n chiu cao ca sinh vin n i hc Hoa Sen .................... 27
3. Mt s gii php nhm pht trin chiu cao ca sinh vin n Hoa Sen ........................ 29
C. KT LUN .........................................................................................................................31
TI LIU THAM KHO .........................................................................................................b
PH LC................................................................................................................................... c


CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang vi
BNG PHN CNG CNG VIC

H tn Cc cng vic thc hin
1.Trn Th Mui
Thu thp d liu, vit bo co,tnh ton
2.L Thy Bch Thy
Thu thp d liu,vit bo co,tnh ton
3.V Th Thanh Trc
Thu thp d liu, tng hp s liuchnh sa bo co
4. Phm Trnh Huyn Trn Thu thp d liu,tng hp s liu
5. Phm Trn Thin L Thu thp d liut,ng hp s liu
6. L Qunh Nh Thu thp d liu,tng hp s liu
7. Nguyn Th CmVn Thu thp d liu vit bo co,tnh ton
8. Nguyn Th Thanh Trc Thu thp d liu vit bo co,tnh ton
9. Nguyn Th Nguyt Hng Thu thp d liu,tng hp s liu



CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang vii
BNG BIU HNH NH

Hnh 1: Biu thanh ng th hin chiu cao ca sinh vin n i hc Hoa Sen ......... 24
Hnh 2: Biu th hin gi bt u ng ca sinh vin n i hc Hoa Sen ................... 28
Hnh 3: Biu th hin gen di truyn chiu cao ca sinh vin n i hc Hoa Sen ...... 29

Bng 1: Phng php thu thp thng tin ............................................................................. 6
Bng 2: Bng d liu thu thp ........................................................................................... 23
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 1
A. M U
1. s l thuyt
HNG I. GII THIU MN H
I.1. KHI NIM V H NNG THNG K
1. Khi nim
C th hiu khi nim thng k trn hai gc :
- Gc l lun: Thng k l mt mn khoa hc kinh t,
nghin cu mt lng trong mi lin h cht ch vi mt cht
ca cc hin tng v qu trnh kinh t x hi, pht sinh trong
iu kin thi gian v a im c th.
- Gc nghip v: Thng k c th hiu l cc s liu th
hin thn tin v i tng nghin cu.
Mt cch tng qut, c th nh ngha: Thng k l mt nhnh ca ton
hc lin quan n vic thu thp, phn tch v trnh by cc d liu. y
l mt khoa hc bao gm mt h thng cc phng php t vic thu thp,
trnh by, tm tt d liu n cc phng php phn tch v d on, gip
cc nh qun l a ra cc quyt nh.
2. hc nng ca thng k
Qu trnh nghin cu thng k tri qua ba giai on c quan h cht ch v
mt thit vi nhau, trong gian on trc lm tin thc hin giai
on sau.
(1) Giai on iu tra thng k: bao gm ghi chp, thu thp ti liu thng
k.
(2) Giai on tng hp v trnh by kt qu iu tra thu thp c.
(3) Giai on phn tch v d bo thng k
Nh vy, thng k c hai lnh vc:
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 2
- Thng k m t bao gm cc phng php thu thp trnh by d
liu v tnh ton cc c trng nhm m t i tng nghin
cu.
- Thng k suy din bao gm cc phng php m hnh ha trn
cc d liu quan st a ra cc suy din v tp hp cc n
v c nghin cu.
Thng k m t v thng k suy din to thnh thng k ng dng, cn
thng k ton l lnh vc nghin cu c s l thuyt ca khoa hc thng k.
I.2. KHI NIM N THNG K
1. Tng th , n v tng th, mu
Tng th thng k (hay tng th) l tp hp tt c cc i tng m
ta nghin cu. cc n v (hay phn t) to thnh tng th c gi l n v
tng th. Mu l mt b phn ly ra t tng th.
2. in
Bin l c im ca n v tng th, c chia ra thnh hai loi:
- Bin nh tnh th hin tnh cht ca n v c kha st.
- Bin nh lng th hin bng cc s.
3. D liu
D liu l kt qu quan st c ca cc bin, gi tr nhn c c
th thay i t n v ny sang n v khc. D liu cng c phn bit
thnh hai loi: d liu nh tnh v nh lng.
4. Tiu thc thng k
Tiu thc thng k l khi nim dng ch cc c im ca n
v tng th m ta nghin cu.
a. Tiu thc nh tnh l tiu thc phn nh tnh cht ca n
v tng th, khng th hin trc tip bng cc con s.
b. Tiu thc nh lng (cn gi l tiu thc s lng) l tiu
thc c biu hin trc tip bng con s.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 3
Lng bin c t phn bit thnh hai loi:
- Lng bin ri rc l lng bin m cc gi tr c th c
ca n l hu hn hoc v hn v c th m c.
- Lng bin lin tc l lng in m cc gi tr c th c ca
n lp kn c mt khong trn trc s.
Thng thng, cc gi tr ca lng bin lin tc l cc s c c phn
nguyn v phn thp phn, cn gi tr ca lng bin khng lin tc l cc s
nguyn.
Cc tiu thc nh tnh v nh lng ch c hai biu hin khng trng nhau
trn mt tng th c gi l tiu thc thay phin.
5. h tiu thng k
Ch tiu thng k l cc tr s phn nh cc c im, cc tnh cht c bn
ca tng th thng k trong iu kin thi gian v khng gian xc nh.
Ch tiu thng k c th phn bit thnh hai loi: ch tiu khi lng v ch
tiu cht lng.
a. h tiu khi lng l cc ch tiu biu hin s quy m ca
tng th.
b. h tiu cht lng l cc ch tiu biu hin tnh cht, trnh
ph bin, quan h so snh trong tng th.
I.3. O LNG V THNG O D LIU
thc hin nghin cu, trong thng k ngi ta s dng bn cp bc o
lng theo mc thng tin tng dn, l thang o: nh danh, th bc,
khong v t l.
1. Thang o nh danh (hay thang o phn loi) l bc thp nht,
khng th hin s hn km. Thang o ny c s dng cho
cc d liu nh tnh, ch khc bit nhau v tn gi.
2. Thang o th bc th hin s hn km ca d liu nhng
khng bit chnh xc mc hn km . Thang o ny cng
c s dng cho cc d liu nh tnh.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 4
3. Thang o khong th hin c mc hn km gia cc gi
tr o lng, trong gi tr 0 ch l quy c m khng c
ngha. Thang o khong c xem l thang o th bc c
khong cch u nhau. Thang o ny c s dng cho cc d
liu nh lng.
4. Thang o t l l loi thang o dng cho cc d liu nh
lng, c y cc tnh cht ca thang o khong, torng
gi tr 0 c ngha tht s, cho php ly t l so snh gia hai gi
tr thu thp. y l thang o bc cao nht trong h thng
thang o.
Trn thc t, vn thang o kh phc tp v ta c th p dng thang o
nh tnh i vi cc tiu thc nh lng v ngc li, p dng thang o
nh lng cho tiu thc nh tnh. Ngay c khi d liu thu thp xong ta
cng c th chuyn i d liu nh lng thnh d liu nh tnh.
HNG II. THU THP V TNH Y D LIU
II.1. THU THP D LIU
1. Xc nh d liu cn thu thp
Qu trnh nghin cu thng k cn phi c nhiu d liu. Vic thu thp d
liu i hi nhiu thi gian, cng sc, chi ph. Do cn phi tin hnh thu
thp d liu mt cch h thng, p ng c mc tiu nghin cu trong kh
nng ngun nhn lc, kinh ph v thi gian cho php. Mun vy phi xc
nh r nhng d liu no cn thu thp, th t u tin ca cc d liu ny.
2. Ngun d liu
Khi nghin cu, ta c th s dng cc d liu t nhng ngun c sn,
c cng b hoc cha cng b, hay c th t mnh i thu tthp d liu
mi.
D liu t ngun c sn, thng qua tng hp, x l, gi l d liu th
cp.
D liu thu thp trc tip t cc i tng nghin cu gi l d liu s cp.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 5
a. Ngun d liu th cp kh a dng, c th l:
- Cc bo co ni b c quan, doanh nghip: cc s liu
bo co v tnh hnh sn xut, tiu th, ti chnh,
- Cc s liu ca C quan Thng k nh nc, C quan
Chnh ph: dn s, vic lm, mc sng dn c, ti
nguyn,
- Bo, tp ch, mng internet,
b. Ngun d liu s cp
D liu s cp c thu thp thng qua cc cuc iu tra kho st.
Cn c vo tnh lin tc hay khng lin tc ca vic ghi chp d liu,
ngi ta chia ra thnh iu tra thng xuyn hay khng thng xuyn.
- iu tra thng xuyn l tin hnh thu thp, ghi chp
s liu v hin tng nghin cu mt cch c h
thng, theo st qu trnh bin ng ca hin tng.
- iu tra khng thng xuyn l tin hng thu thp,
ghi cho ch khi cn c nhu cu cn nghin cu hin
tng. d liu iu tra khng thng xuyn phn nh
trng thi ca hin tng ti mt thng im nht
nh.
Cn c vo phm vi kho st, ngi ta li chia ra thnh iu tra ton
b v khng ton b.
- iu tra ton b l tin hnh thu thp, ghi chp d
liu trn tt c cc n v ca tng th.
- iu tra khng ton b l ch tin hnh thu thp trn
mt s n v c chn ra t tn th ang nghin
cu.
3. c phng php thu thp d liu s cp
a. Thu thp trc tip
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 6
- Quan st
- Phng vn trc tip
b. Thu thp gin tip
- Phng vn bng in thoi
- Phng php gi th
u im, nhc im ca cc phng php thu thp thng tin trn y c
th tm tt trong bng sau:
ng 1: Phng php thu thp thng tin
Tnh cht
Phng php gi
th
Phng vn qua
Tel
Phng vn trc
tip
Linh hot Km Tt Tt
Khi lng thng tin y Hn ch y
Tc thu thp thng
tin
Chm Nhanh Nhanh
T l cu hi c tr
li
Thp Cao Cao
Chi ph Tit kim Tn km Tn km

4. c k thut chn mu
Mc ch ca vic chn mu l m bo cho mu c chn tht s phn
nh trung thc, i in cho ton b tng th.
C hai nhm k thut chn mu l ly mu xc sut (ly mu ngu nhin) v
phi xc sut (ly mu khng ngu nhin).
Phng php ly mu xc sut bao gm cc phng php chn mu
ngu nhin n gin, chn mu h thng, chn mu phn tng, chn
mu c khi hay nhiu giai on.
Phng php ly mu phi xc sut bao gm cc phng php ly
mu thun tin, ly mu nh mc, ly mu phn on. Mu phi xc
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 7
sut khng i din c cho ton b tng th nhng c chp nhn
trong nghin cu khm ph v trong kim nh gi thuyt.
II.2. TNH Y D LIU
1. ng tn s
Bng tn s l mt bng tng hp, trnh by d liu bng cch phn chia
chng thnh tng nhm (lp) khc nhau. Bng tn s thng bao gm ba
ct:
Ct th nht m t cc biu hin hoc cc gi tr (hay khong gi tr)
ca d liu.
Ct th hai m t tn s tng ng vi cc biu hin hoc gi tr .
Ct th ba l cc tn sut (t l %).
a. Cch lp bng tn s cho d liu nh tnh
i vi cc d liu nh tnh nh gii tnh, nhnh hc,, ta s lp bng tn
s gm cc thng tin sau y:
Ct th nht lit k tt c cc biu hin c th c ca tp d liu.
Ct th hai ghi tn s (s ln tng biu hin xut hin trong tp d
liu). tng ca ct tn s phi bng s phn t ca tp d liu.
Ct th ba ghi tn sut (bng cch ly tn s chia cho s phn t ca
tp d liu v nhn vi 100%). Tng ca ct tn sut phi bng 100%.
b. Cch lp bng tn s cho d liu nh lng
C hai trng hp: d liu c t gi tr v d liu co nhiu gi tr.
(1) Trng hp d liu c t gi tr: Bng tn s cng c ba ct tng t
trng hp d liu nh tnh, nhng ct th nht ghi cc gi tr (lng,
bin) ca d liu.
(2) Trng hp d liu c nhiu gi tr: Trc ht ta phn nhm cho cc
gi tr ri mi lp bng tn s trn c s d liu phn nhm.
Trn thc t, ngi ta thng phn nhm vi khong cch u nhau.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 8
Gi s mu d liu c n phn t, gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca d liu ln
lt l X
max
, X
min
. Gi k l s nhm cn chia v h l khong cch gia cc
nhm.
Khi , ngi ta thng xc nh k v h bi cng thc:
3
2n k = ,
k
X X
h
min max

=
Mt s iu kin phi tun th khi phn nhm:
Cc nhm khng c trng nhau, mi gi tr ch thuc v mt nhm.
Tt c cc nhm phi bo m bao qut ht tt c cc gi tr ca mu
s liu.
Khng c nhm rng (tc l nhm khng c phn t no).
Ch : Trong bng tn s i khi ngi ta cn thm vo ct tn s tch ly
(hoc tn sut tch ly) th hin s ln quan st (hoc % s ln quan st)
cng dn n gii hn tr6en ca mt nhm no . Ni cch khc, tn s
tch ly cho thy c bao nhiu quan st bng hoc nh hn mt v tr no
ca bin kho st.
(3) Phn nhm m
Ngoi cch phn nhm nh trn ta cn c th phn nhm m, trong nhm
u tin khng c gii hn di v nhm cui cng khng c gii hn trn,
cc nhm cn li c khong cch u hoc khng u nhau. Mc ch ca
phn nhm m l nhm u tin v nhm cui cng cha cc n v c
gi tr t bin v trnh vic lp qu nhiu t. khi tnh ton i vi phn
nhm m ngi ta quy c ly khong cch ca nhm m bng khong cch
ca nhm gn n nht.
c. Cch lp bng tn s kt hp hai tiu thc thng k
Bng tn s c th c dng m t hai tiu thc thng k. Ngoi ra bng
kt hp ny c th c xoay theo chiu khc, hoc tch ring thng tin v
tn s, tn sut thnh hai bng ring bit.
2. th thng k cc loi
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 9
a. th thng k cho d liu nh lng
(1) Biu phn phi tn s
Biu phn phi tn s (Histogram) c s dng chuyn ha thng tin
tr6en bng tn s thnh hnh nh trc quan. y l mt loi th biu din
s phn phi tn s bng cc ct sao cho din tch ca ct t l vi tn s.
(2) a gic tn s
Phng php th hai biu din phn phi tn s bng th l dng a
gic tn s. v a gic ny, ta ni cc trung im ca cnh nh cc ct
trong Histogram li vi nhau bng cc on thng. mun ng biu din
khng c v l lng trn khng, ta thm vo hai bn ca Histogram hai
nhm c tn s bng 0.
(3) Biu nhnh l
Biu nhnh v l (cn gi l biu thn v l) l mt cng c tm
lc v trnh by tp d liu, gip ngi xem thy c d liu gc v cch
thc phn tn n. trnh by d liu theo phng php nhnh v l, mi tr
s c tch thnh hai phn:
Phn nhnh: bao gm mt hay nhiu ch s u tin. Phn nhnh
c t ct u tin theo th t tng dn. S nhnh c chn sao
cho n c t nhnh so vi s quan st (s l). Thng thng s nhnh
trong khong t 5 n 20 l va.
Phn l: gm cc ch s cn li. L mt nhnh cng sp xp theo
th t tng dn. cng c t chia i mt nhnh thnh nhnh trn v
nhnh di khi c qu nhiu l.
b. th thng k cho d liu nh tnh
(1) Biu dng thanh (thanh ng hay thanh ngang)
Trn biu ny, mi thanh i din cho mt phn loi ca bin (tiu thc
thng k) m ta quan tm, chiu di ca thanh th hin tn s ca cc quan
st thuc v phn loi . Cn chiu rng ca cc thanh bng nhau.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 10
Khng nn nhm ln gia Histogram vi biu thanh ng. y l hai
cng c thng k khc nhau, th hin hai loi d liu nh lng, nh tnh.
Gia cc thanh ca Histogram khng c khong cch, cn gia cc thanh
ca biu dng thanh phi c khong cch v mi thanh l mt biu hin
ca bin phn loi.
(2) Biu hnh trn
Thng dng d m t kt cu (%) ca vn ang nghin cu. Trn biu
, ton b din tch hnh trn dc chia thnh nhiu mnh nh hnh r qut,
din tch mi mnh tng ng vi t l ca pahn6 loi m n i din trong
ton th v manh mt mu khc nhau. Th t ca cc phn loi (theo chiu
kim ng h) l th t n c sp xp trong bng tng hp.

HNG III. TM TT D LIU NG I LNG
THNG K M T
i vi d liu nh lng, chng ta c th tm tt tt hn khi s lngd
liu ln, l dng cc i lng thng k m t. Cc i lng ny c
chia thnh hai nhm: nhm cc i lng th hin mc tp trung ca d
liu v nhm th hin phn tn ca d liu. nhm th nht ta c trung
bnh cng (c s dng nhiu nht), mt, turng v. nhm th hai ta c
khong bin thin, lch tuyt i bnh qun, phng sai, lch chun
(c s dng nhiu nht) v h s bin thin.
III.1. TNG O LNG KHUYNH HNG TP
TRUNG
1. Trung bnh cng (rithmetic mean)
Trung bnh cng c xc nh bng cch cng tt c cc gi tr ca tng
phn t (cc quan st), sau em chia cho tng s phn t (tng s quan
st).
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 11
C hai loi turng bnh cng l trung bnh cng n gin (mean) v trung bnh
cng c trong s (weighted mean).
a. Trung bnh cng n gin
Trung bnh tng th:
Gi s tng th c N phn t (quan st),
i
X l gi tr ca phn t th i. Khi
trung bnh cng ca tng th l

=
=
N
i
i
X
N
1
1
(1)
Trung bnh mu
Gi s mu c n phn t (hay cn ni c mu l n), khi trung bnh cng
ca mu (hay trung bnh mu) l

=
=
n
i
i
X
n
X
1
1
(2)
b. Trung bnh cng c trng s
y l trng hp c bit ca trung bnh cng n gin khi gi tr
i
X xut
hin nhiu ln. Gi s gi tr
i
X xut hin f
i
ln, i = 1, 2,, k (ta ni f
i
l
trng s hay tn s ca gi tr
i
X ). Khi ,

=
=
=
k
i
i
k
i
i i
f
f X
X
1
1
(3) vi n f
k
i
i
=

=1
l s
phn t ca mu.
Ch : trng hp d liu phn nhm c khong cch th turng bnh mu
c tnh gn ng bi cng thc

=
=
=
k
i
i
k
i
i i
f
f x
X
1
1
vi
2
min max
i i
i
X X
x
+
= l tr s
gia ca cc nhm i (
min max
,
i i
X X l gii hn trn, gii hn di ca nhm i) v
f
i
l tn s ca nhm i
c. c im ca trung bnh cng
Trung bnh cng thng rt nhy cm vi cc t bin (gi tr qu
ln hoc qu nh), gi tr trung bnh s km tiu biu nu trong dy s c cc
gi tr t bin.
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Trang 12
Trung bnh cng c s dng so snh gia hau hay nhiu tng
th.
Tng lch gia cc gi tr
i
X vi gi tr trung bnh X bng 0,
ngha l

=
=
n
i
i
X X
1
0 ) (
2. Mt (Mode)
a) Khi nim
Mt l gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt dy s, k hiu l M
o
.
b) ch xc nh mt
(1) Trng hp d liu khng phn nhm: Mt l gi tr c tn s ln nht.
(2) Trng hp d liu phn nhm c khong cch u nhau: Trc ht
cn xc nh nhm cha mt l nhm c tn s ln nht. Tr s ca mt
c xc nh gn ng bi cng thc:
) ( ) (
.
1 1
1
min 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
+

+

+ =
M M M M
M M
M M
f f f f
f f
h X M (5)
Trong
min
0
M
X l gii hn di ca nhm cha
0
M ;
0
M
h l khong cch
ca nhm cha
0
M ;
1
0
M
f l tn s ca nhm ng trc nhm cha
0
M ;
0
M
f l tn s ca nhm cha
0
M ;
1
0
+ M
f l tn s ca nhm ng sau nhm
cha
0
M .
(3) Trng hp d liu phn nhm c khong cch khng u: Mt vn
c tnh theo cng thc (5) nhng vic xc nh nhm c mt khng
cn c vo tn s m cn c vo mt phn phi. (Mt phn phi =
Tn s: khong cch nhm).
c) c im ca mt
- Mt l c trng o lng khuynh hng tp trung khng b nh hng
bi cc gi tr t bin.
- Mt c th xc nh cho d liu s dng cc thang o khc nh thang o
nh danh, thang o th bc.
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Trang 13
- Khc vi trung bnh cng v trung v, mt tp s liu c th khng xc
nh c mt v khng c gi tr no xut hin nhiu nht. Ngc li, c
mt s trng hp c nhiu mt.
3. Trung v (Median)
Trong mt tp d liu c sp xp theo th t tng dn th trung v, k
hiu M
e
, l gi tr ng gia ca tp d liu. Ni cch khc, trung v chia
dy s lm hai phn, mi phn c s n v tng th bng nhau.
a) ch xc nh trung v:
(1) Xc nh trung v cho d liu khng phn nhm
- Trng hp s phn t ca mu n l s l:
e
M =
2
1 + n
X (trung v l gi tr
ng gia, tc l v tr th
2
1 + n
trong dy cc gi tr tng dn ca mu
s liu).
- Trng hp n l s chn:
e
M =
2
1
2 2
+
+
n n
X X
(trung v l trung bnh cng ca
hai gi tr ng gia trong dy s trn).
(2) Xc nh trung v cho d liu phn nhm c khong cch
Vi d liu phn nhm, trung v c xc nh mt cch xp x qua cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Tnh tn s tch ly.
Bc 2: Xc nh nhm cha trung v l nhm c tn s tch ly bng (hoc
va ln hn)
2
1 + n

Bc 3: p dng cng thc

e
M =
e
e
e e
M
M
M M
f
S
n
h X
1
min
2
.

+ (6)
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Trang 14
trong
min
e
M
X l gii hn di ca nhm cha
e
M ;
e
M
h l khong cch ca
nhm cha
e
M ;
1
e
M
S l tn s tch ly ca nhm ng trc nhm cha
e
M ;
e
M
f l tn s ca nhm cha
e
M .
4. T phn v - thp phn v
T phn v, thp phn v l ch tiu o lng phn tn ch khng phi ch
tiu o lng khuynh hng tp turng. Tuy nhin, v cch tnh ca chng
tng t cch tnh trung v, hn na phn v th hai ca t phn v chnh l
trung v, nn ta kt hp xt t phn v v thp phn v trong mc ny.
a. T phn v chia dy s lng bin thnh bn phn, mi
phn c s n v bng nhau. Cch xc nh t phn v nh sau:
(1) i vi d liu khng phn nhm: dy s lng bin c ba t phn v
l:
Q
1
: t phn v th nht l lng bin ng v tr th
4
1 + n

Q
2
: t phn v th hai chnh l s trung v, ng v tr
2
1
4
) 1 ( 2 +
=
+ n n

Q
3
: t phn v th ba l lng bin ng v tr th
4
) 1 ( 3 + n

Nu n+1 khng chia ht cho 4 th t phn v c xc nh bng cch thm
vo. Chng hn, vi n = 12 (n v) , ta c
4
1
3
4
1
=
+ n
,
4
3
9
4
) 1 ( 3
=
+ n
. Do , t
phn v th nht bng lng bin v tr th ba cng vi
4
1
gi tr chnh
lch gia lng bin v tr th ba v th t. Cn t phn v th ba bng
lng bin v tr th chn cng vi
4
3
gi tr chnh lch gia lng bin
v tr th chn v th mi.
(2) i vi d liu phn nhm c khong cch:
1
1
1 1
1
min 1
4
.
Q
Q
Q Q
f
S
n
h X Q

+ = ;
3
3
3 3
1
min 3
4
3
.
Q
Q
Q Q
f
S
n
h X Q

+ = (7)
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 15
Trong
min
i
Q
X l gii hn di ca nhm cha
i
Q ;
i
Q
h l khong cch ca
nhm cha
i
Q ;
1
i
Q
S l tn s tch ly ca nhm ng trc nh cha
i
Q ;
i
Q
f
l tn s ca nhm cha
i
Q .
b. Thp phn v chia dy s lng bin thnh mi phn,
mi phn c s n v bng nhau. Cch tnh thp phn v tng t cch tnh
t phn v. ta c cng thc sau y:
1
1
1 1
1
min 1
10
D
D
D D
f
S
n
h X D

+ = ;
2
2
2 2
1
min 2
10
D
D
D D
f
S
n
h X D

+ = ;
T phn v, thp phn v c s dng trong thc t khi ngi ta mun bit
mc t cao nht ca hay 1/10 s n v xp t thp ln, hoc mc dt
thp nht ca hay 1/10 s n v tin tin xp t trn xung.
III.2. TNG O LNG PHN TN
S trung bnh, s turng v v mt mi ch cho ta bit c gi tr trung
tm, mc i din ca hin tng m cha phn nh y cc tnh
cht c th ca dy s lng bin. Do vy, ngoi cc c trng o lng
khuynh hng tp trung, ta cn nh gi phn tn ( bin thin) ca
d liu.
1. Khong bin thin (ange) k hiu R, l chnh lch gia gi
tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca dy lng bin
min max
X X R = (1)
Khong bin thin cng nh th tng th cng ng u, s turng bnh cng
c tnh i din cao v ngc li.
Nhc im ca khong bin thin l ch ph thuc vo gi tr ln nht v
gi tr nh nht ca dy lng bin.
2. tri gia (Interquartile range) k hiu
Q
R , l chnh lch
gia t phn v th ba v t phn v th nht
1 3
Q Q R
Q
= (2)
tri gia th hin phn tn ca 50% d liu gia ca dy s.
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Trang 16
3. lch tuyt i trung bnh (Mean absolute deviation) k
hiu d , l s trung bnh cng ca cc lch tuyt i gia cc lng bin
v s trung bnh cng ca cc lng bin . Ta c cng thc:

=
=
n
i
i
X x
n
d
1
1

hoc
i
k
i
i
f X x
n
d

=
=
1
1
trong

=
=
k
i
i
f n
1

lch tuyt i trung bnh cng nh, tng th cng ng u, tnh cht i
din ca s trung bnh cng cao. lch tuyt i trung bnh c u im
hn khong bin thin v n xt n tt c cc lng bin trong dy s.
4. Phng sai (Variance) l s trung bnh cng ca bnh phng
cc lch gia cc lng bin v s trung bnh cng ca cc lng bin .
Cch xc nh phng sai
Phng sai tnh t tng th chung:

= =
= =
k
i
k
i
i i i i
f X
N
f X
N
1 1
2 2 2 2
1
) (
1
o
trong
i
f l tn s ca gi tr
i
X v

=
=
k
i
i
f N
1
l s phn t ca tng th.
Phng sai mu:
i
k
i
i
f X x
n
S

=
=
1
2 2
) (
1

trong
i
f l tn s ca gi tr
i
x
v

=
=
k
i
i
f n
1
l s phn t ca mu. Phng sai mu cn c tnh bi
cng thc:

=
=
k
i
i i
X f x
n
S
1
2 2 2
) (
1

.
Phng sai mu hiu chnh:
2 2

1
S
n
n
S

= (phng sai mu hiu chnh


c s dng nhiu torng thng k suy din nh c lng, kim nh).
5. lch tiu chun (tandard deviation) l cn bc hai ca
phng sai.
Cng thc tnh:
2
o o =
ngha lch chun: lch tiu chun th hin lch trung bnh ca
tt c cc lng bin so vi gi tr trung bnh. c trng ny dc s dng
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
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Trang 17
so snh ph6an tn ca hai hay nhiu tng th, trong trng hp n v
tnh ging nhau hoc gi tr trung bnh bng nhau. Ngoi ra lch tiu
chun cn cho bit s phn phi ca cc lng bin trong mt tng th, th
hin trn hai quy tc sau y
a. Quy tc Tchebychev: bt k mt tng th no vi trung bnh l v
lch tiu chun l o u c t nht )
1
1 ( 100
2
m
% gi tr ri vo khong
o m , vi m >1.
b. Quy tc thc nghim: ngi ta nhn thy rng nu d liu c phn phi
i xng (hnh chung cn i) th c mt quy tc thc nghim nh sau:
Khong 68% gi tr ri vo khong o so vi trung bnh.
Khong 95% gi tr ri vo khong o 2 so vi trung bnh.
Khong 99.7% gi tr ri vo khong o 3 so vi trung bnh.
Lu : i vi nhng tp d liu m phn phi khng phi l hnh chung
cn i th khng nn s dng quy tc thc nghim m nn dng quy tc
Tchebychev.
6. H s bin thin (oefficient of Variation)
Ta bit, lch tiu chun o lng s bin thin ca tp d liu. khi hai
tp d liu c cng gi tr trung bnh th tp d liu no c lch chun ln
hn s bin thin nhiu hn. Tuy nhin, nu hai tp d liu c gi t turng
bnh khc nhau th s khng th kt lu c iu ny bng cch so snh hai
lch tiu chun. lc h s bin thin c s dng o lng mc
bin ng tng i ca nhng tp d liu c gi tr trung bnh khc nhau.
Cng thc tnh h s bin thin cho tp d liu tng th: % 100 .

o
= CV
Cng thc tnh h s bin thin cho tp d liu mu: % 100 .

X
S
CV =
Khi h s bin thin ca hai tp d liu c so snh vi nhua, h s bin
thin ca tp no ln hn th tp bin ng nhiu hn.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
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Trang 18
7. hun ha d liu
Khi lm vic vi d liu s lng, i khi ta cn bin i chng thnh d
liu mt thang o chun. (Chng hn ta mun so snh cc i tng c
o bng cc phng php v n v o khc nhau). Vic lm ny gi l
chun ha d liu. Gi tr d liu chun ha cho bit mt gi tr quan st
trong tp d liu gc s sai lch khi turng bnh ca n gp my ln lch
tiu chun. iu ny th hin thng qua cng thc sau y:
ng thc tnh gi tr chun ha z cho d liu tng th:
o

=
x
z , trong
x l gi tr d liu gc; l gi tr trung bnh ca tng th; o l lch
tiu chun ca tng th; z l im s chun ha cho bit x cch xa trung bnh
mt khong bng my ln lch tiu chun.
ng thc tnh gi tr chun ha z cho d liu mu:
S
X x
z

= , trong x
l gi tir5 d liu gc; X l gi tr trung bnh ca mu; S

l lch tiu
chun ca mu; z l im s chun ha cho bit x ch xa trung bnh mt
khong bng my ln lch tiu chun. mt gi tr z gn n 0 c ngha l
quan st v tr rt gn trung bnh. Mt gi tr z = -1 c ngha l quan st
v tr lch mt lch tiu chun so vi trung bnh v pha tri; gi tr z
= 1 c ngha l quan st v tr lch mt lch tiu chun so vi turng
bnh v pha phi.
III.3. KHO T HNH DNG PHN PHI TP D
LIU
m t d liu, bn cnh cc c trng o lng khuynh hng tp trung
v o lng phn tn th hnh dng phn phi ca dy s cng l mt c
trng cn xem xt. C th s dng hai phng php sau y xem xt hnh
dng phn phi ca dy s.
1. Phng php so snh s turng bnh v trung v
Ta c ba dng phn phi sau y:
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Trang 19
a. Phn phi i xng: khi = M
e
(hoc X = M
e
).
b. Phn phi lch phi: khi > M
e
(hoc X > M
e
).
c. Phn phi lch tri: khi < M
e
(hoc X < M
e
).
2. Phng php tnh h s lch Pearson
a. H s lch xc nh cho mu:
S
M X
S
e
k
) ( 3
= trong
k
S l h s lch, S
l lehc65 tiu chun, X l s trung bnh, M
e
l s trung v).
H s lch Pearson c gi tr torng khong t -3 n 3:
H s lch c gi tr gn -3: phn phi ca dy s lch tri.
H s lch c gi tr gn 3: phn phi ca dy s lch phi.
H s lch gn bng 0: phn phi ca dy s i xng.
b. H s lch xc nh cho tng th:
o
) ( 3
e
k
M
S

= , trong o l lch
tiu chun ca tng th, l s turng bnh ca tng th.
2. i tng, phm vi nghin cu v phng php nghin cu
2.1. i tng nghin cu
Sinh vin tt c cc khoa thuc trng i hc Hoa Sen
TPHCM.
2.2. Phm vi nghin cu
ti kho st ti cc c s ca Trng i Hc Hoa Sen
TPHCM.
Sinh vin cc khoa ti cc c s ca trng c phng vn
trc tip (qua bng cu hi).
ti s dng phng php chn mu ngu nhin vi kch
thc mu 94, trong tng th sinh vin trng i hc Hoa
Sen.
Nghin cu v chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin n ti H
Hoa Sen v ch dng li mt s vn lin quan mt thit
vi n.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 20
2.3. Phng php nghin cu c s dng
2.3.1. Phng php nghin cu nh tnh
a. Qu trnh thu thp thng tin
Thng tin s cp: c thu thp trn c s mu ngu nhin c chn
t 6 c s ca trng i hc Hoa Sen- tp HCM. Chn khong 94 sinh vin
hc ti cc c s ca trng. Thng tin c thu thp thng qua quan st v
phng vn trc tip bng bng hi.
Thng tin th cp: c su tm trn Internet.
b. Phng php chn mu
Phi xc sut, chn mu ngu nhin vi hnh thc iu tra bng cu hi.
c. Qui m mu
+ Khung chn mu: Tt c sinh vin I HC HOA SEN -
TP.HCM
+ Kch thc mu : 94 sinh vin ngu nhin.
p dng cng thc : n =



n : Kch thc mu
: Phng sai
: tin cy
e : Khong dao ng
2.3.2. Phng php nghin cu nh lng
a. Thang o
Tt c cc thang o cc khi nim nghin cu trong m hnh u l
thang o a bin.
Thang o chiu cao trung bnh l mt bin ph thuc bao gm cc thnh
phn: hot ng th thao, dinh dng, gen di truyn, tnh trng gic ng....
Thang o mc gen di truyn c o bng 3 bin c lp cp n ni
dung : cao, khng cao, khng bit. Thang o cc yu t nh hng n chiu
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SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 21
cao tp trung ch yu vo cc bin c ni dung cp n : hot ng th
dc th thao, dinh dng, tnh trng gic ng.
Thang o nhng yu t nh hng n chiu cao tp trung ch yu vo
s tc ng ca cc yu t vo chiu cao ca sinh vin. Thng qua , chng
ta bit c nhng yu t no l quan trng nht nhm c bin php ci thin
v khc phc.
b. Qui m mu
L do ti i su nghin cu chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin n ti
H Hoa Sen nhm lm r thm cc bn sinh vin v ang c nhng hot
ng th dc th thao, ch n ung hp l cha.
V vy, mun chn quy m mu, xc nh c kch thc mu cho
hp l, nhm nh gi ton din trn vn v mt cch tht chnh xc, l mt
vn ht sc kh khn v nan gii. Bi l do n gin v thc t l nu ta
chn quy m mu qu ln ta s tn rt nhiu thi gian v chi ph.V d
chng ta khng th thm d ht kin ca tt c sinh vin trng i hc
Hoa Sen TP.HCM tng s dng th vin ti trng. iu ny s khin
chng ta s tn nhiu thi gian, nu ta tin hnh iu tra lm r.
Ngc li nu ta chn quy m mu qu nh th s c u im l tit
kim c nhiu chi ph v thi gian song bn cnh u im ny chn quy
m mu qu nh tnh i din thp khng tng qut ha cho m ng,
nhng thng tin chng ta thu thp iu tra c s khng c tnh chnh xc
cao.
Nghin cu ny s dng phng php phng vn trc tip bng bng
cu hi chi tit vi sinh vin ca trng i hc Hoa Sen TP. HCM. Mu
chn theo phng php phn tng v khng theo t l vi kch thc mu n
= 94. Phng php chn mu nh lng: chn mu theo phng php mu
ngu nhin, n gin v phng php phng vn trc tip.
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 22
3. u hi nghin cu
Chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin n ti H Hoa Sen l bao
nhiu?
Nhng yu t tc ng v bin php khc phc?
4. Gi thuyt nghin cu
Sinh vin n ti i hc Hoa Sen c chiu cao cha cao v
cha c ch n ung v sinh hot hp l

CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 23
B. NI DUNG

a. Bi ton 1: Phn tch d liu chiu cao trung bnh ca
sinh vin n ti H Hoa Sen
Theo s liu thu thp, ta c:
Kch thc mu: n = 94
S nhm cn chia: k =

5,73 6
Khong cch mi nhm: h =

3,83 4
Ta chia thnh cc nhm sau v lp bng cc gi tr i din, tn s,
tn s tch ly: n v tnh: cm
ng 2: ng d liu thu thp
Chiu cao Gi tr i din Tn s Tn s tch ly
149-153 151 13 13
153-157 155 32 45
157-161 159 30 75
161-165 163 9 84
165-169 167 8 92
169-173 171 2 94

Biu thanh ng

CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 24

Hnh 1: iu thanh ng th hin chiu cao ca sinh vin n i hc
Hoa Sen
Tnh gi tr trung bnh, mt v trung v:
96 , 1
100
10 5 , 4 12 5 , 3 22 5 , 2 26 5 , 1 30 5 , 0
1
1
=
+ + + +
= =

=
=
k
i
i
k
i
i i
f
f X
X (cm)
Tnh mt: ta nhn thy, mt nhm th hai nn p dng cng thc





Tnh trung v:
Xc nh nhm cha trung v: :


Ta c tn s tch ly ca nhm th ba l 75( l tn s nh nht > 47,5)
M
e
=

= 157+4.


13
32
30
9
8
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
149-153 153-157 157-161 161-165 165-169 169-173
T
a
n

s
o


Chieu cao
Bieu do the hien chieu cao cua sinh vien nu
Dai Hoc Hoa Sen
Tn s
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 25
Tnh t phn v:
T phn v th 1 tnh nh sau:
Ta c: 25 , 25
4
1 100
4
1
=
+
=
+ n
vy t phn v th nht nm trong nhm 1.
833 , 0
30
0
4
100
. 1 0
4
.
1
1
1 1
1
min 1
~

+ =

+ =

Q
Q
Q Q
f
S
n
h X Q
T phn v th ba tnh nh sau:
Ta c: 75 , 5 . 7
4
1 100
. 3
4
1
. 3 =
+
=
+ n
vy t phn v th ba nm trong nhm 3.
86 , 2
22
56
4
100 . 3
. 1 2
4
3
.
3
3
3 3
1
min 3
~

+ =

+ =

Q
Q
Q Q
f
S
n
h X Q
Khong bin thin: R = X max X min = 172-149 = 23
tri gia: 027 , 2 833 , 0 86 , 2
1 3
= = = Q Q R
Q

lch tuyt i trung bnh:


Ta c:

| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
H s bin thin:
CV=

= 23,36


CV =


CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 26

b. Bi ton 2: c lng chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin
n trng i hc Hoa Sen:
Gi (cm) l chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin n trng i hc Hoa Sen.
Theo kt qu thu thp c, ta c:
n = 94;

1 =>


S =


Ta c: (


Tra bng hm s Laplace, ta c:


Sai s:


hay, chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin n trng i hc Hoa Sen l t
156,56cm n 159,14cm.

c. Bi ton 3: Kim nh
Nhm a ra gi thuyt rng chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin n ti H
Hoa Sen l 160cm. Hin nay, nhm thc hin kho st nhm kim tra gi
thuyt trn vi 94 sinh vin thy rng chiu cao trung bnh ca sinh vin n
ti H Hoa Sen l 157,85 (cm) lch mu hiu chnh l 4,83. Hy kt lun
v gi thuyt ca nhm vi mc ngha 5%.
Gii:
Gi H l t l sinh vin n cao trn 160cm
Da vo bng thng k s liu thu thp c, ta c:
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 27
n=94;

; 1- (

(tra bng hm s Laplace)



H =


Vy, t l sinh vin n cao trn 160cm l t 12% n 28%

2. Mt s yu t tc ng n chiu cao ca sinh vin n i hc
Hoa Sen
Thng qua vic kho st, nhm thy mt thc t rng rt ng cc bn
sinh vin n Hoa Sen c chiu cao thp so vi trung bnh ca x hi hin nay
c n 47,9% s bn c kho st cho bit rng h c chiu cao t 149 cm
n 157cm . Mt s nh chim 10,6% cho bit h cao t 165 cm n 173 cm
v 41,5 % cn li l i tng c chiu cao t 157cm n 165 cm .
Cu hi t ra l ti sao phn ln cc bn sinh vin vn cha ci thin c
chiu cao ca mnh ? S tht ny c mu thun vi s pht trin ca x hi
hin nay chiu cao ca ngi n trng thnh Vit nam trung bnh l
158cm. Nhng yu t no tc ng n chiu cao ca sinh vin n l g ?

CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 28

Hnh 2: iu th hin gi bt u ng ca sinh vin n i hc Hoa
Sen
- Da vo s liu thu thp c d nhn thy rng sinh vin bt u ng t
11h n 12h chim 43% . Tuy nhin, im ng lu l cc bn n thc
khuya trn 12h chim mt con s kh ln 36%. V con s bt u ng t 10h
n 11h ch chim 19% v cc bn ng ng gi ch chim mt s rt nh
2%. Qua cho thy gi gic sinh hot, ngh ngi ca cc bn n sinh vin
Hoa sen khng ph hp, cc bn khng c ch ng hp l bo v sc
khe sau nhng gi hc v lm vic
- Mt khc, thng qua cuc kho st, nhm cng thy rng kh ng cc bn
n khng c ch n ung hp l c n 73,4% bn xem nh vic n ung
ng gi, cc bn thng n khi i hoc dng cc ba n n gin khng
cht dinh dng thay th.
- Ngoi ra, vic tp th dc rt xa l vi cc bn, c n 30,8 % cc bn n
khng tp th dc v c 57,5% cc bn tham gia tp th dc thnh thong
vo cui tun hoc cc bui hc th dc ca trng v ch c mt s nh
11,7 % sinh vin n c tp th dc thng xuyn. Qua kho st ta d nhn
thy sinh vin n khng quan tm n vic tp th dc nhiu v th m vic
tng chiu cao ca cc bn cng b hn ch rt nhiu.
- Gen di truyn
2%
19%
43%
36%
Bieu do the hien gio bat dau ngu cua
sinh vien nu dai Hoc Hoa Sen
t 9h -10h t 10h -11h
t 11h - 12h trn 12h
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 29

Hnh 3: iu th hin gen di truyn chiu cao ca sinh vin n i
hc Hoa Sen

C th thy rng, gen di truyn ca cc gia nh c chiu cao ch chim 28%
trong khi khng c chim ti 47% v mt phn do ch b hoc m cao
nn khng xc nh c chim 25%. T cho thy gen di truyn chim
mt vai tr kh quan trng trong vic pht trin chiu cao ca th h sau,
nhng a s cc gia nh Vit Nam c gen di truyn chiu cao ch chim
mt con s tng i thp. y cng l yu t rt quan trng nh hng n
chiu cao ca cc bn sinh vin n i hc Hoa Sen.
Tm li, qua kho st cho thy c rt nhiu yu t nh hng v nhn
thy c l do ti sao cc bn sinh vin n i hc Hoa Sen vn cha pht
huy c chiu cao ca mnh. Th nht l do gia nh khng c gen di
truyn chiu cao . Mt khc, cc bn vn cha quan tm tch cc n vic tp
th dc v c ch n ung, ngh ngi hp l Vy lm sao c th pht
trin chiu cao ?
3. Mt s gii php nhm pht trin chiu cao ca sinh vin n
Hoa Sen
-Tp luyn th dc, th thao hp l mi ngy s gip tun hon mu lu
thong tt hn trao i cht tng cng hormon tng trng Growith Hormon
28%
47%
25%
Bieu do the hien gen di truyen chieu cao cua
sinh vien nu Hoa Sen
C khng Khng bit
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 30
tit ra nhiu hn. T , khin cho cc bp c tun hon, dy chng, xng
khp u c kch thch lm cho ton b c th v chiu cao pht trin.
- m bo gic ng ngon. Ng ngon ng su gip c th tit hormon tng
trng, tng hp th canxi, kch thch xng di ra v pht trin th cht ton
din. S gi nh ty theo la tui. Nhn chung, chng ta nn cn ng
khong 8h mi ngy. Chng ta nn chn ch ng rng ri, sch s, vi mt
khng gian yn tnh.
- Chm sc y t : cn phi tim chng y , gi v sinh than th, v sinh
an ton thc phm s gip t b nhim khun, ng c , nh s to iu
kin cho pht trin chiu cao.
- Mt khc, nn c ch n ung hp l m bo ba ba mi ngy v b
sung u cht dinh dng. Ngoi ra, chng ta c th s dng them cc loi
sa h tr tng chiu cao.

CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang 31
C. KT LUN
Chiu cao ca cc bn sinh vin n i hc Hoa Sen vn cn thp so
vi mc trung bnh ca x hi hin nay v vy cc bn nn quan tm nhiu
hn na n cc vn v sc khe v chiu cao. iu ng quan tm nht
y l cc bn nn tch cc tp th dc v n ung ngh ngi y .
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang b
TI LIU THAM KHO
cng mn hc Nguyn L Thng K - i hc Hoa Sen
S tay sinh vin Hoa Sen
Website: www.hoasen.edu.vn
http://thuvien.hoasen.edu.vn/default.aspx

CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang c
PH LC
NG KHO T

Cho cc bn chng ti n t lp mn Nguyn l thng k. Chng ti ang lm
bi kho st v " Chiu cao ca sinh vin n trng i hc oa en". t mong s hp
tc ca cc bn chng ti c th hon thnh tt
1. Bn cao bao nhiu :..

2. Bn sinh nm my:

3. Bn c tp th dc thng xuyn khng :
a. rt thng xuyn
b. thnh thong
c. khng c

4. Bn c ung sa tng chiu cao khng :
a. C
b. Khng
c. thnh thong

5. Bn bt u ng khi no :
a. t 9h -10h
b. t 10h -11h
c. t 11h - 12h
d. trn 12h

6.Bn c ch n hp l khng :
a. C
B. Khng

7. Gia nh bn c gen cao khng :
a. c
b. khng
c. khng bit
Cm n cc bn b thi gian gip chng ti !
TNG I H HOA SEN
KHOA KINH T THNG MI
CHIU CAO TRUNG BNH CA MN HC NGUYN L THNG K
SINH VIN N TI H HOA SEN GVHD: L TH THIN HNG


Trang d

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