Ancol va phenol trong thi i hoc va cao ng

phan thu dung @4k45 Cu 1. Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH2-CH2OH (X); CH2-CH2-CH2OH (Y); HOCH2-CHOHCH2OH (Z); CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R); CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T). Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l: A. Z, R, T. B. X, Y, R, T. C. X, Y, Z, T. D. X, Z, T. Cu 2. Cho cc hp cht sau: (a) HOCH2-CH2OH. (b)HOCH2CH2CH2OH. (c)HOCH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH. (d)CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. (e) CH3-CH2OH. (f) CH3-O-CH2CH3. Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l: A. (c), (d), (e). B. (a), (b), (c). C. (c), (d), (f). D. (a), (c), (d). Cu 3. C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18%?A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 4. Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 4. Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc loi hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l: A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3. Cu 5. Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l: A. phenol. B. axit acrylic. C. metyl axetat. D. anilin. Cu 6. Khi phn tch thnh phn mt ancol n chc X th thu c kt qu: tng khi lng ca cacbon v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ru (ancol) ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 7. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l: A. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH. B. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). C. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CH3CO)2O. D. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc). Cu 8. Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut. A. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666. B. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric. C. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D. D. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT. Cu 9. Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l: A. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH. B. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH. C. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na. D. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH. Cu 10. nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia phenol vi A. nc Br2.. B. dung dch NaOH. C. H2 (Ni, nung nng). D. Na kim loi.
+ NaOH, du + HCl 2 Cu 11. Cho s C6 H 6 X Y Z . Fe, t o t o cao,P cao + Cl (1:1)

Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l: A. C6H5ONa, C6H5OH. B. C6H5OH, C6H5Cl. Cu 12. Cho cc phn ng :

t HBr + C2H5OH
0

C. C6H4(OH)2, C6H4Cl2. C2H4 + HBr B. 4

D. C6H6(OH)6, C6H6Cl6.
askt(1:1mol) C2H6 + Br2 .

C2H4 + Br2 . A. 2.
H SO
c

S phn ng to ra C2H5Br l : 3.

C. 1

D.

+ HBr + Mg, etekhan 2 4 Cu 13. Cho s chuyn ho: Butan - 2 - ol X(anken) Y Z. to

Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l A. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr. C. CH3-CH2-CH2 -CH2-MgBr.

+ Br2 (1:1mol),Fe,t0 + NaOH (d ),t0 ,p HCl(d ) +

D. (CH3)3C-MgBr.

Cu 14. Cho s chuyn ho sau : Toluen X Y .Z Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c, Z c thnh phn chnh gm : A. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. B. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. C. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.

Cu 15. t chy hon ton mt ancol a chc, mch h X, thu c H2O v CO2 vi t l s mol tng ng l 3:2. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H6O. B. C3H8O2. C. C2H6O2. D. C4H10O2. Cu 16. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ancol X, ch thu c mt anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 17. t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y l ng ng k tip ca nhau, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng vi Na (d), thu c cha n 0,15 mol H2. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l: A. C2H6O2, C3H8O2. B. C3H6OvC4H8O. C. C2H6OvC3H8O. D. C2H6O v CH4O. Cu 18. t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O3. B. C3H4O. C. C3H8O. D. C3H8O2. Cu 19. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l: A. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol. B. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol. C. 4,9 v glixerol. D. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol. Cu 20. X l mt ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l: A. C3H7OH. B. C2H4(OH)2. C. C3H6(OH)2. D. C3H5(OH)3. Cu 21. Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v a gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l: A. m = 2a + V/11,2 B. m = a + V/5,6 .C. m = 2a - V/22,4 . D. m = a - V/5,6 Cu 22. Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l A. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2. B. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3. C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2. D. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. Cu 23. Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). A. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. Cu 24. Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO2 thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C2H5C6H4OH. B. C6H4 (OH)2. C. HOCH2C6H4COOH. D. HO C6H4CH2OH. Cu 25. S cht ng vi cng thc phn t C7H8O (l dn xut ca benzen) u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1. Cu 26. Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O (u l dn xut ca benzen) c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng c vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, tho mn tnh cht trn l: A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 27. Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3OC6H4OH. B. CH3C6H3(OH)2. C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D. C6H5CH(OH)2. Cu 28. Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. B. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. C. HO-C6H4-COOH. D. HO-C6H4-COOCH3. Cu 29. Khi un nng hn hp ru (ancol) gm CH3OH v C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, 140oC) th s ete thu c ti a l: A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 30. Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-2 (hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l A. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en). B. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en). C. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en). D. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en).

Cu 31. Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C4H10O to thnh ba anken l ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH. B. CH3OCH2CH2CH3. C. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. D. (CH3)3COH. Cu 32. un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4 c 140oC. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol trn l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. Cu 33. X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H2SO4 c 140 oC, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l: A. 18,00. B. 16,20. C. 8,10. D. 4,05. Cu 34. un nng mt ru (ancol) n chc X vi dung dch H2SO4 c trong iu kin nhit thch hp sinh ra cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. C2H6O. B. C3H8O. C. CH4O. D. C4H8O. Cu 35. un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp gm cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hai ancol l A. C2H5OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH. B. CH3OH v C3H7OH. C. C2H5OH v CH3OH. D. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH. Cu 36. Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3-CO-CH3. B. CH3-CHOH-CH3. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. D. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3. Cu 37. Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hpsn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l: A. 13,5. B. 15,3. C. 8,5. D. 8,1. Cu 38. Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,64. B. 0,92. C. 0,46. D. 0,32. Cu 30. Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 9,2. B. 7,4. C. 8,8. D. 7,8. Cu 40. Oxi ho m gam etanol thu c hn hp X gm axetanehit, axit axetic, nc v etanol d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), thu c 0,56 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Khi lng etanol b oxi ho to ra axit l A. 1,15 gam. B. 5,75 gam. C. 4,60 gam. D. 2,30 gam. Cu 41. Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X (gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l: A. 80,0%. B. 70,4%. C. 76,6%. D. 65,5%. Cu 42. ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O c bao nhiu hp cht mch h bn khi tc dng vi kh H2 (xc tc Ni, to) sinh ra ancol? A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2. Cu 43. Kh nng phn ng th nguyn t clo bng nhm -OH ca cc cht c xp theo chiu tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. anlyl clorua, propyl clorua, phenyl clorua. B. phenyl clorua, anlyl clorua, propyl clorua. C. phenyl clorua, propyl clorua, anlyl clorua. D. anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, propyl clorua. Cu 44. Hiro ho cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l A. metyl isopropyl xeton. B. 3-metylbutan-2-on. C. 2-metylbutan-3-on. D. 3-metylbutan-2ol. Cu 45. C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn ng cng H2 (xc tc Ni, to)? A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 46. Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Khi un C2H5Br vi dung dch KOH ch thu c etilen. B. un ancol etylic 1400C (xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c imetyl ete. C. Dung dch phenol lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu hng. D. Dy cc cht: C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, C2H5I c nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi. Cu 47. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l A. 5,42. B. 4,72. C. 7,42. D. 5,72. Cu 48. t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mch h, c cng s nhm -OH) cn va V lt kh O2, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 v 12,6 gam H2O (cc th tch kh o ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 11,20. B. 14,56. C. 4,48. D. 15,68. Cu 49. Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s mol mi ancol th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 5/3 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y l A. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. D. CH3-CH(OH)CH3. Cu 50. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng), thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H2SO4 c th tng khi lng ete ti a thu c l A. 6,50 gam. B. 7,85 gam. C. 7,40 gam. D. 5,60 gam. o Cu 51. Cho 10 ml dung dch ancol etylic 46 phn ng ht vi kim loi Na (d), thu c V lt kh H2 (ktc). Bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,896. B. 3,360. C. 4,256. D. 2,128. Cu 52. Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol l: A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH. B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH. C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH. D. CH3OH, C2H5OH. Cu 53. Cho 4,6 gam mt ancol no, n chc phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu c 6,2 gam hn hp X gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b lng hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,8. B. 21,6. C. 43,2. D. 16,2. Cu 54. Pht biu ng l: A. Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch NaHCO3. B. Phenol phn ng c vi nc brom. C. Vinyl axetat phn ng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra ancol etylic. D. Thu phn benzyl clorua thu c phenol. Cu 55. Trong s cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH): (1) Phenol tan t trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dch HCl. (2) Phenol c tnh axit, dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm. (3) Phenol dng sn xut keo dn, cht dit nm mc. (4) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom v th nitro d hn benzen. Cc pht biu ng l: A. (1), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (2), (3), (4). Cu 56. Cho cc cht: (1) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4-metylbenzen; (5) 4metylphenol; (6) -naphtol. Cc cht thuc loi phenol l: A. (1), (3), (5), (6). B. (1), (4), (5), (6). C. (1), (2), (4), (5). D. (1), (2), (4), (6). Cu 57. Cho 13,74 gam 2,4,6-trinitrophenol vo bnh kn ri nung nng nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c x mol hn hp kh gm: CO2, CO, N2 v H2. Gi tr ca x l A. 0,45. B. 0,60. C. 0,36. D. 0,54.