GROUP MEMBERS :

HARISH GAYATHIRI JAYASRI PAVITRA DIVYA DASHINI

S/O D/O D/O D/O D/O

SUTHAHAR MANIMARAN SEEGAR ARUJUNAN MANOHAR

---------------------------------------------------------------------i) ii) iii) BIODATA OF YOUNG SCIENTIST INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENT a) Title b) Problem c) Aim / Objective d) Hypothesis e) Apparatus f) Procedures g) Record Observation h) Variable i) Results j) Graph k) Questions l) Conclusion iv) SAFETY PRECAUTION v) APPENDIXES a) Photo Diagrams b) Student activity c) Related questions d) Additional information about coaster e) Sources from internet f) Sources from reading materials g) Refrences h) Acknowledgement

Biodata Of Young Scientist

Biodata

NAME AGE DATE OF BIRTH AMBITION FAVOURITE SUBJECT HOBBY IDOL

: : : : : : :

PAVITRA D/O ARUJUNAN 10 YEARS 07.01.2000 DOCTOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS READING SCIENCE BOOKS SIR ISAAC NEWTON

Biodata

NAME AGE DATE OF BIRTH AMBITION FAVOURITE SUBJECT HOBBY IDOL

: : : : : : :

DIVYA DASHINI D/O MANOHAR 10 YEARS 18.02.2000 ENGINEER SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS READING SCIENCE BOOKS ABDUL KALAM

Biodata

NAME AGE DATE OF BIRTH AMBITION FAVOURITE SUBJECT HOBBY CHANNEL IDOL

: : : : : : :

HARISH S/O SUTHAHAR 10 YEARS 21.10.2000 SCIENTIST SCIENCE AND ENGLISH WATCHING GEOGRAPHIC NICHOL ANN DAVID

Biodata

NAME AGE DATE OF BIRTH AMBITION FAVOURITE SUBJECT HOBBY IDOL

: : : : : : :

GAYATHIRI D/O MANIMARAN 10 YEARS 05.04.2000 DOCTOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS READING BOOKS SIR ISAAC NEWTON

Biodata

NAME AGE DATE OF BIRTH AMBITION FAVOURITE SUBJECT HOBBY IDOL

: : : : : : :

JAYA SRI D/O SEEGAR 10 YEARS 28.12.2000 DOCTOR SCIENCE AND ENGLISH READING SCIENCE BOOKS SIR ISAAC NEWTON

-----------------------------------------------------------------

REASON FOR PARTICIPATING IN THE SCIENCE FAIR

Science Fair is basically a collection of many different science projects that are shown to public. Many science methods which also called as a step by step process used in preparing the Science Project for Science Fair. This Science Fair is an interesting project. This is because, we have to collect the information and do the experiment by our own. Other than that, we have to prepare our own models that related to our topic. Besides that the project increases the inquiry feeling in us as the young scientists. We can gain knowledge about the selected topic. These are the main reason why we are participating in this Science Fair. Science Fair is playing a major role in improve the scientific skills in primary school children. The project also giving the opportunities to us to show of our science skill to public.

REASON FOR SELECTING THE TOPIC

Our team choose the roller coaster topic because of the following reasons; Its interesting and concludes a lot of physics knowledges. Can learn about how it works and designed.

Can learn about the characteristics of coaster. Its an innovation topic.

We can design our own roller coaster park model. At the end of the project can learn a lot of things about this topic.

Its also can be a interesting topic for peoples get to know.

REASON FOR SELECTING THE TEAM NAME

The team name for our group is NEWTONS TEAM. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), mathematician and physicist, one of the foremost scientific intellects of all time. Born at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, where he attended school, he entered Cambridge University in 1661; he was elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1667, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1669. He remained at the university, lecturing in most years, until 1696. Sir Isaac Newton invented Newtons first law, which states that, object at rest will remain at rest until acted upon by an outside force. An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. Newtons second law stats that, every acceleration requires a force. The greater the acceleration, the greater the required force. If two objects undergo the same acceleration, the more massive of the two will require a greater force. F = ma. Sir Isaac Newton also invented Newtons third law of motion, which stats that, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. On behalf of Newtons First, Second and Third Law causes us to choose his name as our team name. Newtons First, Second and Third Law is related to our topic that we have selected for this Science Fair.

PROBLEM

HOW DOES THE ROLLER COASTER WORK? HOW WOULD BE THE HILLS AND LOOPS IN THE ROLLER COASTER? HOW DOES THE COASTER RIDES IN THE TRACK?

WHAT WOULD BE THE CHARACTERICS OF COASTER TO SMOOTHLY RIDES IN THE TRACK?

AIM
TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HEIGHT, SURFACE OF THE TRACK AND CHARACTERICS OF THE COASTER.

HYPOTHESIS

The higher the first hill the lower time taken and more distance travelled by the coaster to complete the track.

The lighter the coaster the more distance and less time taken by the coaster to complete the track. The shorter the front part of the coaster more distance travelled and less time taken by the coaster to complete the track The shorter the length of the coaster the more distance travelled by the coaster. More lower the height more stable the coaster travel in the track.

The lower the sizes of coaster tyre more stable the coaster travel in the track. The smoother the surface then less time taken and more distance travelled by the coaster in the track.

APPARATUS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.

METAL TRACK WOODEN CAR METAL CAR PLASTIC CAR STOP WATCH WEIGHT SCALE RULER MEASURING TAPE THREAD

7. 8. 9.

10. MOUNTING BOARD 11. PVC PIPES 12. BEARING WHEELS 13. LAPTOP

PROCEDURES
VARIABLE 1
1. The coaster starts at the first hill. (100 cm height)

2. Coaster will pass the loop and finish the whole track. 3. Repeat step one with different height of first hill. 4. Record the time and distance travelled by the coaster. 5. Identify gravity force, potential energy, kinetic energy, heat energy and momentum. VARIABLE 2
1. Different weight of the car. 2. Design four types of coasters with different weights.

3. Place the coaster one by one at the first hill. 4. Record the time the distance travelled by each coaster. VARIABLE 3
1. Design 2 types of car with different body shapes of coaster. 2. The coaster starts from the first hill.

3. Repeat step for each of the coaster. 4. Record the time and distance taken by the coaster to travelling at the track. VARIABLE 4
1. Length of the coaster. 2. Three different length of coaster.

3. The coaster starts from the first hill. 4. Repeat step for each of the coaster. 5. Record the time and distance taken by the coaster to travelling at the track

VARIABLE 5 1. Different height of the car. 2. Three types of coaster with different height. 3. The coaster starts from the first hill. 4. Repeat step for each of the coaster. 5. Record the time and distance taken by the coaster to traveled at the track

VARIABLE 6
1. Three different sizes of coaster tyre.

2. The coaster starts from the first hill. 3. Repeat step for each of the coaster. 4. Record the time and distance taken by the coaster to traveled at the track VARIABLE 7 1. 2. 3. 4. Different types of material of the track. Three types of track with different material. The coaster starts from the first hill. Record the time and distance taken by the coaster to traveled at the track.

VARIABLE 8 1. 2. 3. 4. Design 2 types of car with the same weight - 220 grams. The coaster starts from the first hill in 108 cm height. Repeat step for each of the coaster. Record the time and distance taken by the coaster to traveled at the track.

RECORD/ OBSERVATION
DATA COLLECTION PAGE
Roller Coaster

School Team name City State e-mail

: SJK (T) MENTAKAB : NEWTON TEAM : MENTAKAB : PAHANG : sjktmentakab@yahoo.com

VARIABLES
1. What to change?
VARIABLE 1 THE HEIGHT OF FIRST HILL. VARIABLE 2 WEIGHT OF THE COASTER BASED ON THE MATERIAL. VARIABLE 3 COASTER ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE. VARIABLE 4 LENGTH OF THE COASTER. VARIABLE 5 HEIGHT OF THE COASTER. VARIABLE 6 - SIZE OF THE COASTER TYRE. VARIABLE 7 MATERIAL OF THE TRACK. VARIABLE 8 WEIGHT OF THE COASTER.

2.

What to observe?
VARIABLE 1 8

THE TIME TAKEN AND THE DISTANCE TRAVEL BY THE COASTER IN TRACK.

3. What to kept same?

VARIABLE 1 THE COASTER VARIABLE 2 TRACK AND THE FIRST HILL. VARIABLE 3 TRACK AND THE FIRST HILL VARIABLE 4 TRACK AND THE FIRST HILL. VARIABLE 5 TRACK AND THE FIRST HILL. VARIABLE 6 - TRACK AND THE FIRST HILL. VARIABLE 7 THE COASTER. VARIABLE 8 TRACK AND THE FIRST HILL.

CONCLUSION
Potential energy at the top of the first hill was sufficient to lift the car to the top of the first loop. The potential energy there was enough to continue moving the car through all the loops and hills. As the car moved down, potential energy changed to kinetic energy. As the car moved up, kinetic energy changed to potential energy. Friction was also a factor because it used up some of the potential energy so there was not as much kinetic energy available. The friction force also produced heat energy .

Questions
1. Did you ever think about being a designer of roller coasters? How does a roller coaster work? If you look at pictures of roller coasters, they always end on a lower level than where they started. Why are they built this way? You have just moved to the moon. Could you go to the amusement park and ride a roller coaster? What role does gravity play in making a roller coaster work? Your little cousin will not go on the roller coaster because he thinks that he will fall off. Explain the methods used and questions asked by roller coaster designers and safety engineers in the process of designing roller coaster rides.
2.

3.

4.

5. Big wheels, little wheels, hot wheels. Why are there so many different kinds of wheels? Describe different kinds of wheels that are used on the cars of a roller coaster.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
While

designing the coaster, students must guided by the teachers. coaster should be placed stable.

Roller Hands

should not be near the track while the coaster travels in the track. must wear the glove and safety glasses during construct the track model and coaster. must careful when handling and applying the fast glue.

Students

Students

DAILY LIFE APPLICATION

POTENTIAL ENERGY - Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its height above the ground. The amount of potential energy possessed by an object depends on its mass and its height. A roller coaster car is initially hauled by a motor and chain system to the top of a tall hill, giving it a large amount of potential energy. This situation same when our car pulled by the engine to the top of the hill. It will have a lot of potential energy. The driver no need to accelerate because it will be moving towards the downhill and continuously will climb up the next hill with the potential energy that its have. We can see this when our family members drive. - Besides that potential energy also known as stored energy. Now days the pullback action toy car is a lot in the market. The pullback action toy car will stored the energy when we pullback the car. When we released it moving with the energy that stored and gradually slow down when the energy level getting down.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Applications to Roller Coasters: On a roller coaster, the excitement is derived from the accelerations (the change in speed or the change in direction). A force is necessary to slow the train down. However, if a change in speed occurs too quickly, the seat of the car cant produce enough force and the passenger fells thrown forward. Rather uncomfortable! The truth to this incident is that the car stopped, but the people riding in the cars did not. If the speed along the horizontal is increased, the back of the seats will push the passengers. The riders fell as if they are pushed back in their seats. This feeling is prevalent in the last car of the coaster at the summit of the hill. In order for a roller coaster car to turn a corner, a force in that direction is required. To turn a corner to the right requires a force to the right. The passengers will feel thrown to the other side. While turning to the right, the riders would feel thrown to the left. The faster the speed or the smaller the radius of the turn, the greater the force needed. If the force (g's) is rather high, turns are banked in order to keep passengers from being thrown to the left and right.

The force factor (FF) is how much larger or smaller than the weight of an object, a force acting upon the object is. For example, a 100-pound object might experience a horizontal force of 150 pounds. The Force Factor would equal 1.5. A 50 pound force would equal a Force Factor of 0.5, etc. The force factor is equal to the divided by mass times the gravity force. Newtons Second Law says that the force is equal to mass times acceleration. The force factor is equal to mass times acceleration divided by mass times the gravity force.

 TOP TEN TIPS FOR A MORE EXCITING ROLLER COASTER RIDE

-

The front car is the premium choice : best view , feels faster , and has a feeling of floating. The last car gives the most airtime. When riding in the last car, lift your feet and look up as the train descends a hill,many say it is like experiencing free fall. During the ride, close your eyes for a brief moment and reopen them. For a dizzy feeling, look backwards on the ride. If you want a sick feeling, look to either side as the train travels through the loop. Lift your feet anytime the coaster train crests a hill in order to increase the feeling of weightlessness. Riding a coaster in the rain results in a faster ride, due to fact there is less friction on slick tracks. Ride a coaster at night right after a rain shower. The tracks are the slickest then. Ride an outdoor roller coaster when the weather is hot. Heat thins the grease on the tracks , causing increased speed on the track.

 EFFECTS ON THE PASSENGERS

- Gravity forces affect several parts of a persons body, including ears, joints, and stomach. With an increase in g forces, someones stomach is literally pressed flat. An example of this force would be like squeezing catsup from a plastic catsup bottle. Thats why many people regurgitate on roller coasters. A persons inner ear is located within their head, near the eye area, three semicircular canals are within the inner ear. These fluid filled tiny canals send information to the brain concerning balance and the bodys motion in space. When a persons body changes position, the fluid within the canals changes also. Nerves connected to the inner ear transmit new body position information to the brain. During a roller coaster ride, the fluid in the canals changes rapidly and repeatedly. Dizziness and motion sickness are often cause by these two sensations. Joints and muscles contain proprioceptors which are sensitive to the change of the gravity. Proprioceptors send information to the brain concerning how the muscles and joints expand and compress. Riding a roller coaster will cause a persons body to relax and stiffen in unusual ways. Once again, the brain receives misinformation causing disorientation.

REFERENCES
BOOKS
1.

DISNEYS CHILDREN ENCYCLOPEDIA , GROLIER 2003. CHILDRENS COOL TECHNOLOGY ENCYCLOPEDIA, PARROGON BOOKS 2008.

2.

INTERNET RESOURCES
1. http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/energy/gravi tationalPotentialEnergy/gravitationalPotentialEnergy.html 2. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/u5l1b.cfm. 3. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005075F/English_Version/Hills %20and%20Their%20Forces.htm 4. http://www.learner.org/interactives/parkphysics/coaster/section 1.htm

5. http://www.hometrainingtools.com/article.asp? ai=1413&bhcd2=1270084290 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_roller_coaster 7. http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078779626/student_view 0/unit1/webquest_projects.html 8. http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/roller-coaster5.htm 9. http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonsplans/programs/r ollercoaster/ 10. http://www.wonderhowto.com/how-to-design-roller-coaster-model0100471/

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The headmaster and teachers of the SJK (T) Mentakab school would like to express our appreciation for the contributions made by the science panel group, the pupil of year 4 and 5, parents and all the teachers, in making this compilation of Science Fair project module. Our special thanks also to the project advisor, for her continuous guidance and support. Many contributions are team effort. Thank you to all. Every effort in this Science Fair has been made to give a life long experience to the pupils as they deal with investigation questions through hands-on experiments, helping them develop and demonstrate their interests and strengths in Science. THANK YOU!!!!!!!