CIRCUIT BREAKER Give circuit breaker nameplate details of 6.6 kV, and 415 V.

. 415 V (Air Circuit Breaker) 812 (MCC/UPS) 610 (Tie/PM/MCC) 3037 (B/c, Incomer) 415 V 660 1600A/1000A/3750A 50 kA (rms.) 105 kA (peak) 50 kA/sec 60 sec (III/IV) & 30 sec (II) 35 sec (III/IV) & 40 sec (II)

Type

6.6 kV (SF6 circuit HPA12/1240C(Tr./ PM) HPA12/2040C(Tr./ PM)

Breaker)

Standard Rated voltage Insulation level Rated current Breaking current Making current Short ckt withstand Closing time Opening time SF6 pressure Sliding contact

IEC 56 12 kV (6.6 kV) 28 / 75 kV 1250A/2000A 40 kA 100 kA 40 kA/sec 52 milli sec 75 milli sec 2.3 - 2.8 bar (2.2 alarm) at 20C Copper with silver of 10 microns

What are the difference between DCCB and ACCB? DCCB Two poles seriesed for one side. Breaker is adequately de-rated for use in dc circuits. Only DINF, DIRS provided. DIT 5 will not work for dc. In GFB, magnetic blowout coils used to increase the speed of rise of arc into the arc chutes for effective quenching. ACCB The inherent current zero of sine wave helps arc quenching. For DCCB quenching is difficult, since current zero is not existing naturally.

arc

What are the advantages and disadvantages of 415V English Electric breaker? Advantages 1. Auto reclosing shutters. 2. Proven wiping contacts. 3. Sturdy rugged mechanism. 4. Reliable aux. Switches contacts. 5. Slow closing facility independent of closing spring. Disadvantages Bulky, more space, spring charge motor 5A. , Spring charging time 14 sec 4 sec at timing, trip extends in test position also. No neutral bus bar link, we cannot finger contact resistance since fixed on bus side. Why parallel operations of classIII buses are not permitted? Fault on one side affects the other buses, switchgear fault level rating is exceeded. Why auto transfer is blocked for back up protection? Because Backup protection operates normally for bus faults. All main protections are generally operating for internal faults therefore there is no point in restoring the power supply through auto transfer when there is a bus fault existing. What decides the control transformer VA rating? Contactor coil VA rating. Can we use AC contactor in DC circuit? Yes, but with adequate de-rating. Can we use ac coils in dc circuit? Yes with economy resistor in series. Why shading rings provided in armature core of ac contactor. Why not for dc contactor? Because the force developed is not steady in ac therefore contacts will chatter but if shading ring is used force developed becomes steady due to splitting of phases of flux, therefore contacts becomes bounce free and humming sound reduces. Why copper contact are not used in contactor? Because corrosion rate increases. Poor surface property , large closing force required. Why pure silver is not used in contactor? Affected by sulphur, mechanical or arcing damages (adv. Lower voltage drop)

What material used for contactor? Silver-nickel for <100A Silver-cadmium oxide for large currents. Why pick up voltage is more than drop out voltage? Initially air gap is more. Large force is required to overcome the high reluctance initially. After closing air gap is reduced. Hence drop voltage is reduced. Can we file the pitted contacts of contactor? No, use emery paper and etc. How the contact resistance can increase? Humidity + salty air, dust, poor contact pressure Fusing current- the current at which the fuse element melts depends upon the material, length and diameter. Fusing factor- fusing current /rated current (1.25 -1.75) Prospective fault current first loop of fault current Cut off current - actual peak value of current reached due to interruption by fuse blowing. What is rated current and short circuit current? Rated current = VA / 3 * V Amps. Short circuit current = VA * 100 / %Z * 3 * V Amps. What is the advantage of lower cut off current? Less electromagnetic forces on contactor / CBs How two fuses in-series are discriminated? Total I2t of minor fuse should be less than pre-arcing I2t of major fuse. Major fuse should be greater than 1.5 times the minor fuse. Why OLR time set high for belt driven fans? Because acceleration time is high. What is the safety reason to keep the contactor / MCC remote from motor? Contactor = sparking equipment. Not suiting for hazardous location. Where wound type CT used and where not used? Used where low CT ratio req. Not used where high short ckt. Current exists. What is advantage of cast resin CTs? Can withstand bursting forces under short ckt, protect damages against external causes impervious to moisture. Why fuses with fusing factor more than 1.5 is not allowed in PVC cables? Because PVC cables have low thermal capacity than paper cables. Full loading of PVC only possible if it has close excess current protection (i.e.) Fusing Factor = 1.5

What is the advantage of CMM relay over normal Inv. O/C current relay? Inv. O/C relay under protects at low current and over protects at high currents. CMM: accounts for both +ve and ve sequence currents i.e. Single phasing / unbalance supply conditions and gives three times more weightage for the ve phase sequence current heating than + ve sequence current heating. i.e. Net rotor heating = I12 + 3 I22. Therefore CMM relay protection characteristic is closely matched to motor heating characteristic. So it is better than thermal overload relay also. What is the purpose of anti-pumping relay? When closing signal is continuously existing even after the closing of the breaker the anti-pumping relay will be picked up and it will not allow the breaker to close back in case of tripping of the breaker. Why breaker tripping is prohibited on very low pressure? The efficiency with which the arc quenching is taking place in the breaker depends on the air pressure. So if the air pressure is low effective arc quenching will not take place which will result in damage of CB. Hence the tripping of the breaker at very low air pressure is prevented. Why neutral breaker used in DG neutral grounding? In case of high earth fault currents it is therefore normal practice to install a circuit breaker in the neutral of the generator in order to reduce the total fault clearance time. What are the protections used Class III 415 V LV side 1. 51 (inverse over current) 2. 50 (instantaneous over current) 3. 27 (under voltage) 4. 51N (earth fault) 5. 64 (REF) Class IV 415 V LV side 1. 51 RYB (inverse over current) 2. 51N (earth fault) in Class III & Class IV 415 V LV side?

What are the protections LV to UPS 1. CTZM 2. 50 (instantaneous over current) 3. short circuit UPS to PMCC S & T 1. 51 RYB (inverse over current) 2. 27 (under voltage) 3. 51N (earth fault) From Class III to Class II tie CTZM at Class III and 51, 51N at Class II.

used

in

415

Class

II

side?

Define the followings. Insulation level it is the combination of rated voltage, the corresponding impulse withstand voltage, which together characterize the insulation of the equipment as regards its ability to withstand the electrical stresses. Rated short circuit breaking current it is the highest RMS value of short circuit current which the circuit breaker is capable of breaking the circuit in safe.

Making current it is the peak value of first loop of current of short circuit current which the circuit breaker is capable of making at the rated voltage. Rated making current = 2.5 times rated breaking current. Short time rating it is the RMS value of current that the circuit breaker can carry in a fully closed position during a specified time. Impulse withstand voltage it is the amplitude of the standard voltage wave with the insulation of equipment can withstand. Power frequency withstand voltage it is RMS value of alternating voltage wave of power frequency (50 Hz) which the insulation of equipment should withstand. What is switchgear? Equipment which is used for switching, controlling and protecting an electrical circuit. Bus bar specifications of 6.6kV and 415 V. 415V Aluminium 200 X 12mm 2 nos. per phase, 1 no. for neutral Bus bar joints silver plated to 5 micron thick (tightness 50 NM) 6.6kV Copper Silver coated joints Insulation level 27kV Fault level estimated 27kA Designed 40kA What is the type of arc extinction in switchgears? 415V resistance method (through arc splitter) 6.6kV single puffer principle How Arc quenching is done? When fault occurs depending on design element melts at one point and arc starts and a transient current is super imposed on prospective current. When the sum of two is zeroing the arc is quenching. What is lock out relay? It is the relay to prevent the closing of circuit breaker after tripping (protection) without attention of the operator. What is the significance of SF6 gas pressure in 6.6kV breakers? Density gauge Green correct SF6 pressure (3 3.5bar) Yellow pressure for breaking system fault current (refilling should be done) Red SF6 pressure less than 2 bar, which indicates leak in the system. What is the measure of atmospheric pressure and PSI? 1 Atmospheric pressure = 1.033 kg/cm2. 1 PSI = 0.07031 kg/cm2. What is the distribution of DC control supply in CL IV, III, II- 415V and 6.6 kV? Closing coil and Trip coil 2 supply from one source. Trip coil 1 supply from one source. Protections supply from one source. Why 86.1 and 86.2 relays are used? All electrical protection is wired to 86.1 and under voltage protection is wired to 86.2

relay for automatic restoration in EMTR. . What is the difference between lockout of 6.6 kV and 415 V CBs? Voltage levels. Manual / auto reset. Lockout relays of 415 V breakers are all Electro-magnetic type. There is no mechanical latch. But in 6.6 kV it is of mechanical latch type relays. . If breaker contact resistance is more what action to be taken? In 6.6 kV breakers 1250 A breaker contact resistance is <100 w. 2000 A breaker contact resistance is <50 w. If contact resistance is found more than this value should be sent to the manufacturer for repair. . What are the interlocks between 415 V and 6.6 kV switch gear? 6.6 kV Breaker closed cannot rack in or out. Service lever cannot move while breaker closed. Breaker cannot be closed in in-between position. 415 V Breaker door cannot be opened when breaker is in service. Breaker cannot be closed in in-between position. Breaker closed cannot be rack in or out. . Where are the provision of GR-A and GR-B tie possibilities? Bus D1-D2 to E1-E2 (CL III 6.6 kV) Bus X to Bus Y (CL III 415V) Bus S to Bus T (CL II 415 V) . What are the properties of SF6 gas? This is inert gas. Odorless, non-toxic, colourless, stable, non-inflammable and density is more hence high dielectric strength. The special property of this gas is Electro negativity. This gas attracts electrons to form -ve ions and -ve ion are havier than electrons and more slow in conduction, so that resistance in medium is increases and get arc get extinguishes.