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LI M U
Li u tin cho php em c gi li cm n chn thnh v su sc n Ban Lnh o Trung tm thng tin di ng Khu vc III Nng v Lnh o i iu hnh Khu vc III to nhng iu kin thc tp tt nht trong thi gian thc tp va qua. Em cng xin chn thnh cm n s gip nhit tnh ca cc cn b phng iu hnh trong sut qu trnh thc tp. Trn c s nhng kin thc tch lu c qua nhng nm hc tp chuyn ngnh in T Vin Thng ti trng i hc Quy Nhn v gn mt thng thc tp ti phng iu hnh Cng ty Thng Tin Di ng VMS Trung tm III, em hon thnh bn bo co thc tp tt nghip ny. hon thnh bn bo co ny em xin chn thnh cm n c gio ng Th T M tn tnh hng dn ti trong sut qu trnh thc tp tt nghip. Trong qu trnh thc tp cng nh ni dung bi bo co thc tp ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong c nhng kin ch bo, ng gp ca Ban Lnh o Trung tm, i iu hnh v cc anh ch trong i b sung nhng kin thc thiu st v lm cho bo co thc tp ca em hon thin hn. Trong bi bo co ny, u tin em s trnh by s lc v Trung tm Thng tin Di ng ca Mobifone. Tip sau , em s trnh by ni dung thc tp ti Cng ty, bao gm: phn GSM v phn 3G.

nng ngy 24, thng 2, nm 2012

Ngi thc hin Phan Th Kim Hiu

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Cc T Vit Tt
MSC/VLR GMSC HLR ILR AUC EIR DTI TRC BSC BTS OMC NMC MC SSP SCP SDP SOG BGW WCDMA TDMA ADPCM AMR ACELP SP HS-DSCH Mobile services Switching Center/Visitor Location Register Gateway MSC Home Location Register Interworking Location Register AUthentication Center Equipment Identity Register Data Transmission Interface TRanscoder Controller Base Station Controller Base Transceiver Station Operation and Maintenance Center Network Management Center Message Center Service Switching Point Service Control Point Service Data Point Service Order Gateway Billing GateWay Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Time Division Multiple Access Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Adaptive Multi Rate Algebraic Code Excited Linear Predictive Spreading Factor High Speed Downlink Shared Channel

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HSDPA DSCH TTI

High Speed Downlink Packet Access Downlink Shared Channel Transmission Time Interval

MC LC
LI M U........................................................................1 Cc T Vit Tt.................................................................2 Phn 1: S LC V TRUNG TM THNG TIN DI NG........................................5 Lch s pht trin................................................................................................5 Phn 2: BO CO NI DUNG THC TP...............................................................15 .........................................................................................................................15 Chng 1: TNG QUAN H THNG GSM............................................................15 Kin trc h thng GSM ....................................................................................15 Mng GSM ca Mobifone s dng cc thit b ca hng Ericsson nn trong bi bo co ny khi trnh by n cc h thng ca mng GSM tc l trnh by cc h thng ca mng GSM ca hng Ericsson.....................................15 H thng GSM c chia thnh hai h thng c bn: Switching System (SS) v Base Station System (BSS). Ngoi ra, cn c thm cc thnh phn khc l Operation and Support System (OSS) v cc thnh phn thm vo: Message Center (MC), Mobile Intelligent Network (MIN) v Post Processing System (Service Order Gate (SOG) v Billing Gateway(BGW)). .....................15 .......................................................................................................................15 Hnh 2.1.1: Mu h thng mng GSM ca Ericsson..................15 Chc nng v hot ng ca cc thnh phn ca h thng s c trnh by r cc phn sau...........................................................................................16 H thng chuyn mch (Switching System) .....................................................16 Phn ny m t cu trc, chc nng c bn ca h thng chuyn mch , cng nh ca tng node chuyn mch...................................................................16 1. Gii thiu.............................................................................................16 2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn............................................................16 H thng trm gc (Base Station System (BSS))...............................................19 Gii thiu........................................................................................................19 2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn:...........................................................19 Cc trng hp th tc thng tin......................................................................19 MS trong trng thi ri...................................................................................20

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MS trong trng thi tch cc...........................................................................21 Thc hin cuc gi t MS :.............................................................................22 Kt ni cuc gi n MS:................................................................................23 S chuyn vng trong GSM ...........................................................................24 Dch v tin nhn SMS.....................................................................................25 .......................................................................................................................27 Chng 2: 1. TNG QUAN 3G.................................................27 Gii thiu v WCDMA ........................................................................................27 Gii thiu mng 3G...........................................................................27 2. Tng quan v mng WCDMA..................................................................28 a. S khi mng WCDMA...........................................................................30 b. Chc nng tng khi.....................................................................................30 Cc mng ngoi.............................................................................................36 II. Gii thiu v HSDPA ...................................................................................37 1. TTI ngn (Short TTI (2ms))........................................................................38 2. Truyn dn trn knh chia s (Shared channel transmission) .................38 3. iu ch mc cao hn (Higher-Order Modulation)....................................39 4. Thch ng knh nhanh (fast link adaptation ).............................................39 5. Lp lch nhanh (Fast channel scheduling).................................................41 6. HARQ nhanh (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ) ..........................42 7. Phn phi cng sut ng (Dynamic power allocation) ............................42 KT LUN.......................................................................43 ........................................................................................................................44

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Phn 1: S LC V TRUNG TM THNG TIN DI NG Lch s pht trin

Cng ty thng tin di ng (VMS) l Doanh nghip Nh nc trc thuc Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit nam (VNPT). c thnh lp vo ngy 16 thng 04 nm 1993, VMS tr thnh doanh nghip u tin khai thc dch v thng tin di ng GMS 900/1800 vi thng hiu MobiFone, nh du cho s khi u ca ngnh thng tin di ng Vit Nam. Lnh vc hot ng ca MobiFone l t chc thit k xy dng, pht trin mng li v trin khai cung cp dch v mi v thng tin di ng.. 1993: Thnh lp cng ty Thng tin di ng. Gim c cng ty ng inh Vn Phc 1994: Thnh lp Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc I v II 1995: Cng ty Thng tin di ng k hp ng hp tc kinh doanh (BCC) vi Tp on Kinnevik/Comvik (Thy in) thnh lp Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc III 2005: Cng ty Thng tin di ng thanh l hp ng hp tc kinh doanh (BCC) vi Tp on Kinnevik/Comvik. Nh nc v B Bu chnh Vin thng (nay l B Thng tin v Truyn thng) c quyt nh chnh thc v vic c phn ha Cng ty Thng tin di ng. ng L Ngc Minh ln lm Gim c Cng ty Thng tin di ng thay cho ng inh Vn Phc (v ngh hu) 2006: Thnh lp Trung tm Thng tin di ng Khu vc IV 2008: Thnh lp Trung tm Thng tin di ng Khu vc V. K nim 15 nm thnh lp Cng ty Thng tin di ng, thnh lp Trung tm Dch v Gi tri gia tng Tnh n thng 04/2008, MobiFone ang chim lnh v tr s 1 v th phn thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam. 2009: Nhn gii Mng di ng xut sc nht nm 2008 do B Thng tin v Truyn thng trao tng; VMS - MobiFone chnh thc cung cp dch v 3G; Thnh lp Trung tm Tnh cc v Thanh khon.

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7/2010: Chuyn i thnh Cng ty TNHH 1 thnh vin do Nh nc lm ch s hu. 12/2010: Thnh lp Trung tm thng tin di ng Khu vc VI.

Hnh 1: Tng trng thu bao qua cc nm 1993-2010

Hnh 2: Biu phn chia th phn (tnh n qu I/2009) MobiFone l nh cung cp mng thng tin di ng u tin v duy nht ti Vit Nam (2005-2008) c khch hng yu mn, bnh chn cho gii thng mng thng tin di ng tt nht trong nm ti L trao gii Vietnam Mobile Awards do tp ch Echip Mobile t chc. c bit trong nm 2009, MobiFone vinh d nhn gii thng Mng di ng xut sc nht nm 2008 do B thng tin v Truyn thng Vit nam trao tng.

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II .

C cu t chc

Hin nay, Cng ty Thng tin di ng c 14 Phng, Ban chc nng v 8 n v trc thuc khc bao gm 6 Trung tm Thng tin di ng ti 5 khu vc, Trung tm Dch v Gi tr gia tng (VAS), Trung tm Tnh cc v Thanh khon, X nghip thit k.

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Hnh 3: C cu t chc ca cng ty Thng tin di ng - Vn phng Cng ty Thng tin di ng: Ta nh MobiFone - Khu VP1, Phng Yn Ha, Qun Cu Giy, Thnh ph H Ni. - Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc I c tr s chnh ti H Ni, chu trch nhim kinh doanh v khai thc mng thng tin di ng khu vc min Bc (cc tnh pha Bc n H Tnh):

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a ch: S 811A ng Gii Phng, Qun Hong Mai, Thnh ph H Ni. - Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc II c tr s chnh ti TP. H Ch Minh, chu trch nhim kinh doanh v khai thc mng thng tin di ng khu vc TP H Ch Minh: a ch: MM18 ng Trng Sn, Phng 14, Qun 10, Thnh ph H Ch Minh. - Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc III c tr s chnh ti Nng, chu trch nhim kinh doanh v khai thc mng thng tin di ng khu vc min Trung v Cao Nguyn (t tnh Qung Bnh n tnh Khnh Ho v tnh c Lc: a ch: S 263 ng Nguyn Vn Linh, Thnh ph Nng. - Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc IV c tr s chnh ti Cn Th, chu trch nhim kinh doanh v khai thc mng thng tin di ng khu vc 10 tnh min Ty Nam B: a ch: S 06, i l Ha Bnh, phng An C, Qun Ninh Kiu, Thnh ph Cn Th. - Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc V c tr s chnh ti Hi Phng, chu trch nhim kinh doanh v khai thc mng thng tin di ng khu vc ti 14 tnh, thnh ph pha Bc: a ch: S 8 l 28 ng L Hng Phong, Thnh ph Hi Phng. - Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc VI c tr s chnh ti TP.Bin Ha tnh ng Nai, chu trch nhim kinh doanh v khai thc mng thng tin di ng ti 09 tnh thuc khu vc min Nam: a ch: 22/8, KP3, ng Nguyn i Quc, P. Thng Nht, Tp. Bin Ha, tnh ng Nai. - Trung tm Dch v Gi tr gia tng c thnh lp ngy 06/10/2008 c tr s chnh ti Thnh ph H ni, c chc nng pht trin, qun l, khai thc v kinh doanh cc dch v gi tr gia tng trn mng thng tin di ng (bao gm dch v SMS, dch v trn nn SMS, trn nn GPRS, 3G v dch v chuyn vng quc gia, quc t). - X nghip thit k thnh lp ngy 21/01/1997 c tr s ti H Ni vi nhim v t vn, kho st, thit k xy dng cc cng trnh thng tin di ng.

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- Trung tm Tnh cc v Thanh khon c thnh lp ngy 10/08/2009 c tr s chnh ti Thnh ph H Ni, c nhim v qun l, vn hnh, khai thc h thng Tnh cc v qun l khch hng tp trung, h thng i sot cc tp trung, h thng IN v cc h thng thanh ton in t m bo phc v yu cu SXKD; i sot v thanh khon cc vi cc mng trong nc, Quc t; Nghin cu, pht trin h thng Tnh cc v Qun l khch hng, h thng i sot cc, h thng IN, cc h thng thanh ton in t phc v SXKD ca Cng ty thng tin di ng.

III.

Cam kt vi khch hng

Mong mun khch hng lun thoi mi v hi lng khi s dng dch v MobiFone, mi thnh vin ca MobiFone cam kt: Mi khi gp khch hng, chng ta s: n tip mi khch hnh vi li cho, c ch, n ci, nh mt thn thin. Nu c Lng nghe v phc v khch hng vi thi tn trng; C gng tm hiu v d on nhu cu ca khch hng nhm p ng hn nhng Cung cp thng tin ng v tt c cc dch v, sn phm ca MobiFone v tr li Khi khch hng c yu cu hoc gp kh khn v s dng dch v, chng ta phi th, gi tn khch hng;

mong i ca khch hng; nhanh chng, chnh xc cc cu hi ca khch hng; c trch nhim trc khch hng v gii quyt hon chnh cc yu cu cho n khi khch hng hi lng; Gi li ha v trung thc; ch thn xin li khch hng khi khch hng khng hi lng vi dch v ca chng Cm n khch hng v khuyn khch khch hng ng gp kin v vic cung cp

ta, cho d chng ta c li hay khng; dch v MobiFone.

IV. Thnh tu ca MobiFone

1. Cc gii thng nm 2011

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Danh hiu "Anh Hng Lao ng" do Nh nc trao tng nhm ghi nhn nhng

ng gp ca MobiFone vo s pht trin kinh t, x hi ca t nc trong sut 18 nm hnh thnh v pht trin. Gii thng Mng in thoi di ng c a chung nht dnh cho sn phm

CNTT - TT do tp ch Th gii Vi tnh t chc ngy 12/07/2011. 2. Cc gii thng nm 2010 Gii thng "Doanh Nghip Vin Thng Di ng C Cht Lng Dch V Tt

Nht" nm 2010 do B thng tin v Truyn thng trao tng ti L trao gii VICTA 2010. Danh hiu Mng Di ng c a Chung Nht Nm 2010 do c gi bo

VietnamNet v tp ch EchipMobile bnh chn. Danh hiu Mng di ng c dch v v chm sc khch hng tt nht do c

gi bo VietnamNet v tp ch EchipMobile bnh chn. Sn phm CNTT TT a chung nht 2010 dnh cho lnh vc Mng in thoi

di ng do tp ch PC World bnh chn. 3. Cc gii thng nm 2009 Sn phm CNTT TT a chung nht 2009 do tp ch PC World bnh chn

Thng bo thng 6/2009 Chng nhn TIN & DNG do ngi tiu dng bnh chn qua Thi bo kinh t

Vit nam t chc nm 2009 Danh hiu Mng in thoi di ng c a chung nht nm 2009 do c gi

bo VietnamNet v tp ch EchipMobile bnh chn Danh hiu Mng in thoi di ng chm sc khch hng tt nht 2009 do c

gi bo VietnamNet v tp ch EchipMobile bnh chn Gii thng Doanh nghip di ng chm sc khch hng tt nht do B TT-TT

trao tng trong h thng gii thng VietNam ICT Awards 2009 4. Cc gii thng nm 2008 Danh hiu Doanh nghip ICT xut sc nht nm 2008 do c gi Tp ch PC

World bnh chn

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Danh hiu Doanh nghip cung cp dch v cht lng nht nm 2008 do c

gi Bo Si gn thip th bnh chn Danh hiu Mng di ng c a chung nht nm 2008, Mng di ng

chm sc khch hng tt nht nm 2008 do bo in t VietnamNet v tp ch EchipMobile t chc bnh chn Danh hiu Doanh nghip di ng xut sc nht do B Thng tin Truyn thng

trao tng ti L trao gii Vietnam ICT Awards 2008 Danh hiu Doanh nghip di ng chm sc khch hng tt nht nm 2008 do

B Thng tin Truyn thng trao tng ti L trao gii Vietnam ICT Awards 2008. 5. Cc gii thng nm 2007 Gii thng Mng in thoi c a chung nht nm 2007 do c gi E -

Chip Mobile VietNam Mobile Awards bnh chn Xp hng Top 20 trong 200 doanh nghip ln nht Vit Nam do t chc UNDP

bnh chn nm 2007. chn 6. Cc gii thng nm 2006 Gii thng Mng in thoi c a chung nht nm 2006, Mng in Top 10 Thng hiu mnh nm 2006-2007 do Thi bo kinh t Vit nam bnh

thoi chm sc khch hng tt nht nm 2006 do c gi E - Chip Mobile bnh chn trong H thng gii VietNam Mobile Awards Danh hiu Thng hiu ni ting nm 2006 do VCCI t chc bnh chn. Xp hng 1 trong 10 Top 10 Thng hiu mnh v c tim nng ca nn kinh

t Vit nam nm 2006 do bo Le Courierr du Vietnam bnh chn v gii thiu trong Hi ngh thng nh APEC 2006 7. Cc gii thng nm 2005 Gii thng Nh cung cp mng in thoi di ng tt nht nm 2005 do c

gi E - Chip Mobile bnh chn. Danh hiu Thng hiu ni ting nm 2005 do Thi bo Kinh t bnh chn

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V.
1.
-

Sn phm v dch v ca MobiFone:

Cc sn phm ca MoibiFone Dnh cho thu bao tr sau: MobiGold, Mbusiness, Mfreinds, Mhome Dnh cho thu bao tr trc: MobiCard, Mobi4U, Mobi365, MobiQ, MobiZone Chuyn i gia cc thu bao SIM: Sim 32K, SuperSim 64K, SuperSim 128K Cc dch v gi tr gia tng: HDSD dch v bng hnh nh Dch v BlackBerry Dch v m nhc: Funring, Media call... Dch v game - ng dng: mGame, mSpace Dch v thng tin gii tr: Liveinfo, Voice SMS, MobiFune live... Dch v tin ch: call me, MCA, MMS, Fone Backup... Dch v chuyn vng quc t Dch v Email: FastMail, BizMail... Dch v th thao: Mscore, Livescore... Dch v thanh ton: ng tin, Fast Pay... Dch v quc t: Global Saving... Cc dch v 3G: Video Call, Mobile Internet, Fast Connect, Mobile TV, Wap

2. 3.

Portal...

VI.

Cc Logo ca Mobifone:

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Phn 2:
Chng 1:

BO CO NI DUNG THC TP
TNG QUAN H THNG GSM

Kin trc h thng GSM

Mng GSM ca Mobifone s dng cc thit b ca hng Ericsson nn trong bi bo co ny khi trnh by n cc h thng ca mng GSM tc l trnh by cc h thng ca mng GSM ca hng Ericsson. H thng GSM c chia thnh hai h thng c bn: Switching System (SS) v Base Station System (BSS). Ngoi ra, cn c thm cc thnh phn khc l Operation and Support System (OSS) v cc thnh phn thm vo: Message Center (MC), Mobile Intelligent Network (MIN) v Post Processing System (Service Order Gate (SOG) v Billing Gateway(BGW)).

Hnh 2.1.1: Mu h thng mng GSM ca Ericsson

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Chc nng v hot ng ca cc thnh phn ca h thng s c trnh by r cc phn sau.

H thng chuyn mch (Switching System)

Phn ny m t cu trc, chc nng c bn ca h thng chuyn mch , cng nh ca tng node chuyn mch. 1. Gii thiu H thng chuyn mch (Switching System ) bao gm cc thnh phn sau:

Hnh 2.1.2: Switching System 2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn

a.

MSC/VLR

Trong h thng GSM ca hng Ericsson, MSC v VLR c tch hp vo chung mt node AXE-based. L do thc hin iu l v s trao i mt lng thng tin ln gia hai node, c bit l trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi. Do , li ch em li l gim ti tn hiu trn mng. * * * * * MSC Chuyn mch v nh tuyn cuc gi. Tnh cc ph. Cung cp dch v. Giao tip vi cc HLR v trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi n MS, HLR yu cu Giao tip vi VLR : lin kt vi mi MSC l mt VLR v cc thng tin ca thu

cc thng tin nh tuyn t MSC. bao, c bit l trong cc qu trnh thit lp v gii phng cuc gi.

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* * * * b. c. * * * *

Giao tip vi cc MSC khc: hai MSC giao tip vi nhau trong sut qu trnh thit iu khin cc BSC kt ni vi n : MSC giao tip vi BSC trong sut qu trnh Truy cp dch v Internet trc tip thng qua Access Server. Cung cp cc dch v ISDN Primary Rate Access cho cc thu bao. LR GMSC HLR Qun l d liu thu bao. Giao tip vi cc MSC: khi thit lp cuc gi n mt MS, HLR lin h vi MSC Giao tip vi cc GMSC: trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi n mt MS, GMSC Giao tip vi cc AUC: trc khi bt k mt hot ng no lin quan n vic

lp cuc gi hay chuyn giao gia cc cell thuc cc MSC khc nhau. thit lp cuc gi hay chuyn giao gia hai BSC.

L ni lu tr thng tin thu bao ca cc MS tm thi. Chc nng ca gateway cho php MSC hi HLR nh tuyn cuc gi n di ng.

nh tuyn thng tin. yu cu thng tin v tr ca MS t HLR. thay i hoc s dng cc thng tin thu bao din ra, HLR phi phc hi cc thng s chng thc mi t AUC. * Giao tip vi cc VLR/ILV: khi mt MS di chuyn sang mt vng phc v ca MSC mi, VLR ca vng ny yu cu thng tin v MS t HLR ca thu bao. HLR s cung cp bn sao ca cc chi tit ca thu bao, cp nht thng tin v tr ca MS ca n v ra lnh cho VLR c xa thng tin m n c. V ILR hot ng nh mt VLR i vi thu bao AMPS nn HLR giao tip vi n theo cch tng t. d. chun khc nhau. e. AUC v EIR AUC: Cung cp thng tin m sau ny c s dng bi MSC/VLR thc hin ILR Cung cp kh nng roaming gia h thng vin thng, m cc h thng ny tun theo cc

qu trnh chng thc thu bao v thit lp m ha cc qu trnh trn ng truyn v tuyn gia mng v cc MS.

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EIR: nhn dng thit b m bo thit b cui MS l c gi tr. f. DTI

Thc hin chc nng x l d liu nh sau: * * Lu lng d liu n/ t PSTN: kt ni n PSTN, mt modem c la Lu lng d liu n/ t ISDN: ton b d liu liu giao tip n ISDN l sn chn bi DTI biu din tc cn thit v chuyn i format. sng, v MSC/DTI c kh nng truyn tn hiu v kt ni thng tin dch v c bn gia ISDN v mng GSM. * Lu lng d liu n/ t PDN: DTI x l lu lng d liu n v t Public Data Networks (PDNs), nh Packet Switched PDN (PSPDN) v Circuit Swiched PDN (CSPDN). * * Lu lng d liu gia cc thu bao di ng: Lu lng d liu bn trong PLMN HSCSD: phin bn ca High Speed Circuit Swiched Data (HSCSD) cho php kt c chuyn n DTI iu khin s iu chnh tc trn ng truyn v tuyn. ni 2, 3, 4 time slots trn mt knh truyn v tuyn. DTI iu khin tc chuyn i n PSTN hay ISDN cho thch hp. g. * * * * Voice mail Fax mail Short Message Service (SMS) text message SMS Cell Broadcast (SMSCB) text message MC MC c thm vo mng GSM cung cp cp mt hay nhiu dch v tin nhn sau:

Khi cc dch v ny tr nn ph bin, n c th to nn thu nhp ng k cho nh iu hnh mng. h. SSP, SCP v SDP MIN c thm vo mng GSM c bn cung cp cc dch v gi tr b sung, nh Freephone v Personal Number cho cc thu bao. MIN bao gm : * * SSP: hot ng nh mt giao tip gia chc nng iu khin cuc gi ca mng SCP: cha cc dch v thng tin ca mt dch v MIN hay cc dch v. di ng v chc nng iu khin khin dch v ca SCP.

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SDP: qun l d liu liu c s dng bi dch v MIN.

H thng trm gc (Base Station System (BSS))

Gii thiu BSS m nhn trch nhim ton b chc nng lin quan n phn v tuyn trong h thng, nh: * * * * * * Thng tin v tuyn vi cc thu bao di ng. Chuyn giao cc cuc gi ang thc hin gia cc cell. Qun l ti nguyn mng v tuyn v d liu liu cu hnh cell. BSC TRC RBS 2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn: a. BSC: l nt trung tm trong mt BSS v phi hp cc hot ng ca cc TRC v RBS. b. TRiC: cung cp cp kh nng iu chnh tc cho BSS, v tc c dng truyn qua phn giao tip vi mi trng v tc c dng trong MSC/VLR l khc nhau, ln lt l 33.8kbits/s v 64kbits/s. c. RBS: hot ng nh giao tip gia gia cc MS v mng.

BSS c chia lm ba thnh phn:

Cc trng hp th tc thng tin

Trong phn ny, em s trnh by tng quan v cc trng hp th tc thng tin trong mng GSM. Phn u tin, ti trnh by th tc kt ni ca thu bao MS. Trong mng GSM cc trng thi khc nhau ca MS : trng thi ri v trng thi tch cc. Sau , tm hiu cc qu trnh chuyn vng trong GSM. Cui cng, ti gii thiu qu trnh gi tin nhn SMS gia cc thu bao trong mng GSM.

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Hnh 2.1.3: BSS ca h thng GSM ca hng Ericsson MS trong trng thi ri Hnh 2.1.4 biu din tt c cc trng hp traffic c th xy ra khi MS trong idle mode Qu trnh gn IMSI vo mng Khi mt MS c bt ln th qu trnh gn IMSI c thc hin, VLR cp nht trng thi ca MS l ri v cp nht v tr ca MS . Di chuyn trong mng Khi thu bao di ng di chuyn n cc v tr khc nhau th qu trnh cp nht v tr cng din ra khc nhau. Di chuyn gia cc cell trong cng LA: thng tin v tr LA ca cc MS c cha trong cc VLR. Khi cc MS di chuyn v tr gia cc cell trong cng LA th thng tin ny khng cn thay i. Di chuyn khc LA nhng cng MSC/VLR: v tr mi s c cp nht. Di chuyn khc LA v khc MSC/VLR: v tr mi v trng thi ca thu bao s

c cp nht. Cc thng tin ca thu bao s c lu vo VLR mi v c xa cc VLR c. Ngoi ra, v tr ca MS cn c cp nht theo chu k. Nu MS b qua qu trnh ng k ny th mng s hiu rng MS ri khi mng hoc nm ngoi vng ph sng.

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Hnh 2.1.4 : Cc trng hp traffic khi MS trong trng thi ri. Qu trnh ri mng

G b IMSI: khi MS tt ngun th mng thc hin qu trnh g b IMSI. Ngm g b IMSI: do cht lng lin kt v tuyn yu nn h thng khng gii m c nhng thng tin g b IMSI ca MS, th h thng vn hiu MS s cn c gn trong mng. Nhng nh qu trnh ng k theo chu k th h thng s sm xc nh MS ri mng. MS trong trng thi tch cc MS trong ch hot ng c ngha l khi c cuc gi hay qu trnh thit lp cuc gi din ra. Cc trng hp ca MS trong ch hot ng c biu din nh trong hnh 2.1.5.

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Hnh 2.1.5: cc trng hp ca MS trong trng thi tch cc. Thc hin cuc gi t MS : Phn sau m t qu trnh thc hin khi mt thu bao di ng mun thc hin cuc gi n mt thu bao trong mng PSTN (hnh 2.1.6). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. MS yu cu knh bo hiu. BSC/TRC ch nh mt knh bo hiu. MS gi yu cu thit lp cuc gi n MSC/VLR. MSC/VLR ch th BSC/TRC dnh mt knh ri. RBS v MS c kt ni trong MSC/VLR gi s in thoi ca B n mt tng i trong mng PSTN thit Nu thu bao B tr li th kt ni c thit lp.

knh ny lp cu gi n thu bao.

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Hnh 2.1.6: Thit lp cuc gi ca MS n PSTN Kt ni cuc gi n MS: im khc bit chnh gia vic thc hin cuc gi n MS v vic kt ni cuc gi n MS l trong qu trnh gi n MS, v tr ca MS khng c xc nh. Do , v tr ca MS phi c xc nh trc khi kt ni c thnh lp. Hnh 2.1.7 m t qu trnh thit lp cuc gi t mt thu bao thuc mng PSTN n mt thu bao di ng. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Mng PSTN da vo s in thoi ca MS xc nh y l cuc gi n thu bao MSC/VLR ang phc v MS . HLR yu cu GMSC tm HLR m MS ng k. HLR xc nh mt MSRN t MSC/VLR. HLR yu cu GMSC tm HLR m MS ng k. HLR yu cu GMSC tm HLR m MS ng k. HLR xc nh mt MSRN t MSC/VLR. MSC/VLR gi li mt MSRN n GMSC thng qua HRL. GMSC phn tch MSRN v nh tuyn cuc gi n MSC/VLR. MSC/VLR bit thng tin LA m MS ang nh v. Mt thng bo s c gi n di ng v sau thnh lp mt kt ni n GMSC.

BSC ang iu khin LA .

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11. 12.

BSC gi thng bo n cc RBS trong LA . Khi MS nhn c thng bo , n s phc p li.

Hnh 2.1.7 : Thit lp cuc gi n MS t PSTN. 13. 14. 15. lp. S chuyn vng trong GSM Trong trng thi tch cc, MS c o tn hiu lin tc, kim tra mnh, yu ca tn hiu. Cc bo co ny c gi v BSC v BSC s a ra quyt nh c thc hin chyn vng hay khng v chuyn n cell no. Cc loi chuyn vng c bao gm nh sau: a. Chuyn vng gia cc cell c iu khin cng BSC: MS s s dng mt knh mi do RBS mi cung cp v knh c RBS c s c gii phng di s ch th ca BSC. Trong qu trnh ny, MSC/VLR khng lin quan g. Chuyn vng gia cc cell c iu khin khc BSC, nhng cng MSC/VLR: trong qu trnh ny, MSC/VLR c lin quan n vic kt ni gia hai
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BSC cung cp mt knh tn hiu. Knh tn hiu ny c dng thit lp cuc gi. MSC/VLR ch nh BSC/TRC Thxu bao di ng chung. Nu thu bao ny nhc my th kt ni c thnh

dnh mt knh ri. RBS v MS c kt ni trong knh ny.

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b. BSC. MS s chu s qun l ca BSC mi v cc thng tin ca n BSC c s c gii phng di s ch th ca MSC/VLR. c. Chuyn vng gia cc cell c iu khin bi cc MSC/VLR khc nhau: cc cell c qun l bi cc MSC/VLR khc nhau cng c ngha l chu s qun l ca cc BSC khc nhau. MS s chu s qun l ca BSC mi v MSC/VLR mi. Nhng cc thng tin chnh MSC/VLR c s khng b xa cho n khi cuc gi c hon thnh. Bi v n cha cc thng tin ca thu bao cng nh chi tit cuc gi, nh cc ph Sau khi cuc gi c gii phng, n s cp nht thng tin v tr mi v cc thng tin ca n MSC/VLR c xa b. Dch v tin nhn SMS Bn cnh thc hin cc cuc gi gia cc thu bao, GSM cn cho php gi cc tin nhn ( Short Message Service (SMS)) gia cc thu bao. SMS c thc hin nh SMS-C, n ng vai tr cha v nhn cc tin nhn. SMS bao gm hai dch v c bn: Mobile terminated SMS: t mt SMS-C n MS Mobile originated SMS: t MS n SMS-C a. Mobile originated SMS: truyn t MS n SMS-C

Hai dch v trn c m t chi tit nh sau:

Hnh 2.1.8: Thu bao gi tin nhn b. MS thit lp kt ni n mng, nh trong qu trnh thc hin mt cuc gi bnh thng. Bc ny khng c thc hin nu MS trong ch tch cc, v kt ni c thit lp sn.

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c. MS s gi tin nhn n SMS-C qua MSC/VLR. SMS-C s forward tin nhn n a ch ch. d. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Mobile terminated SMS: Ngi dng gi mt tin nhn n SMS-C SMS-C gi tin nhn n SMS-GMSC SMS-GMSC hi HLR v cc thng tin nh tuyn HLR tr li cho SMS-GMSC cc thng tin nh tuyn SMS-GMSC li nh tuyn tin nhn n MSC/VLR MS c thng bo vo mt kt ni gia MS v mng c thit lp nh qu Qu trnh chng thc thnh cng, MSC/VRL gi tin nhn n MS Nu qu trnh gi thnh cng, mt thng bo c gi t MSC/VLR n SMS-C.

trnh thit lp mt cuc gi bnh thng.

Nu khng, HLR s c thng bo bi MSC/VLR, v mt thng bo tht bi s c gi n SMS-C. Trong trng hp gi khng thnh cng, SMS-C thng bo cho HLR v VLR l c mt tin nhn ang ch gi v s gi li khi MS sn sng.

Hnh 2.1.9: Thu bao nhn tin nhn

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Chng 2: Gii thiu v WCDMA

1. Gii thiu mng 3G

TNG QUAN 3G

H thng t ong th h th ba ra i l bc pht trin hon thin ca thng tin di ng c th p ng nhu cu0 hin nay ca khch hng. H thng ny phi c nhiu loi hnh dch v nh cc dch v truyn d liu tc cao, video v truyn thanh . H thng thng tin 3G phi p ng nhng tiu chun sau do mt s t chc ng ra tiu chun. S dng di tn quy nh quc t nh sau: -ng ln: 1885-2025 MHz. -ng xung: 2110-2200 MHz. L h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn: -Tch hp cc mng thng tin v tuyn v hu tuyn. -Tng tc vi mi loi dch v vin thng. S dng cc mi trng khai thc khc nhau: -Trong cng s. -Ngoi ng. -Trn xe. -V tinh. C th h tr dch v nh: -Mi trng o. -m bo cc dch v a phng tin. -D dng h tr cc dch v mi xut hin. Mi trng hot ng ca IMT-2000 c chia thnh bn vng: -Vng 1: Trong nh, pico, R b 2Mbps -Vng 2: Thnh ph, micro R b 384kbps -Vng 3: Ngoi , macro R b 144kbps

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-Vng 4: Ton cu R b = 9.6=kbps Th h 3G gm c cc k thut : W-CDMA (Wide band CDMA) kiu FDD v TDCDMA (Time Division CDMA) kiu TDD. Mc tiu ca IMT- 2000 l gip cho cc thu bao lin lc vi nhau v s dng cc dch v a truyn thng trn phm vi th gii, vi lu lng bit i t 144Kbit/s trong vng rng v ln n 2Mbps trong vng a phng. Dch v bt u vo nm 2001- 2002

Hnh 2.1. Cc th h ca h thng thng tin di ng 2. Tng quan v mng WCDMA Trong chng ny, em s gii thiu s lc v cng ngh 3G hin nay . H thng WCDMA c xy dng trn c s mng GPRS. V mt chc nng c th chia cu trc mng WCDMA ra lm hai phn : mng li (CN) v mng truy cp v tuyn (UTRAN), trong mng li s dng ton b cu trc phn cng ca mng GPRS, cn mng truy cp v tuyn l phn nng cp ca WCDMA. Ngoi ra hon thin h thng, trong WCDMA cn c thit b ngi s dng (UE) thc hin giao din ngi s dng vi h thng. T quan im chun ha, c UE v UTRAN u bao gm nhng giao thc mi

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c thit k da trn cng ngh v tuyn WCDMA, tri li mng li c nh ngha hon ton da trn GSM. iu ny cho php h thng WCDMA pht trin mang tnh ton cu trn c s cng ngh GSM

Hnh 2.2 M hnh cu trc h thng UMTS. WCDMA l mt giao din v tuyn phc tp v tin tin trong lnh vc thng tin di ng, n s l cng ngh xy dng c s h tng v kin trc mng t bo ca hu ht mng 3G trn th gii, hnh thnh kt ni gia thit b di ng ca ngi s dng cng vi mng li.

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a. S khi mng WCDMA

UMTS/GSM Network
UE AN
MSC MSC E, G MSC MSC F EIR EIR USI Cu M Uu USI M EM M E BS RNS Iu b Gb RNC Iu r USI Cu USI M M M Uu EM E BS RNS Iu b RNC D HLR HLR

CN
SCF SCF GMSC GMSC H

External Network s

SIM SIM

MT Um MT

BTS

BSS Abis BSC

AUC AUC

Gr Gf

SMSSMSGMSC GMSC SMSSMSIWMSC IWMSC Gn + GGSN GGSN

ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN: -Intranet -Extranet -Internet

Iu

SGSN SGSN Gd, MGW Gp, MGW Gn + SGSN SGSN

Note: Not all interfaces shown and named

UTRAN

Hnh 2.3 Cu trc tng th h thng UMTS/GSM b. Chc nng tng khi UE (User Equipment). Thit b ngi s dng thc hin chc nng giao tip ngi s dng vi h thng. UE gm hai phn: - Thit b di ng (ME: Mobile Equipment): L u cui v tuyn c s dng cho thng tin v tuyn trn giao din Uu. - Thit b nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM): L mt th thng minh cha thng tin nhn dng ca thu bao, n thc hin cc thut ton nhn thc, lu gi cc kha nhn thc v mt s thng tin thu bao cn thit cho u cui. UTRAN (UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network).

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Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn t m bo cc cuc truyn thng UMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng. UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN v CN, gm hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh; giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia hai giao din ny l hai nt, RNC v nt B. RNC RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min chuyn mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch knh (MSC). Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn. Sau th tc nhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kho bo mt v ton vn c t vo RNC. Sau cc kha ny c s dng bi cc hm an ninh f8 v f9. RNC c nhiu chc nng logic ty thuc vo vic n phc v nt no. Ngi s dng c kt ni vo mt RNC phc v (SRNC: Serving RNC). Khi ngi s dng chuyn vng n mt RNC khc nhng vn kt ni vi RNC c, mt RNC tri (DRNC: Drift RNC) s cung cp ti nguyn v tuyn cho ngi s dng, nhng RNC phc v vn qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng n CN. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC c m t trn hnh 2.4. Khi UE trong chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, tn ti nhiu kt ni qua Iub v c t nht mt kt ni qua Iur. Ch mt trong s cc RNC ny (SRNC) l m bo giao din Iu kt ni vi mng li cn cc RNC khc (DRNC) ch lm nhim v nh tuyn thng tin gia cc Iub v Iur. Chc nng cui cng ca RNC l RNC iu khin (CRNC: Control RNC). Mi nt B c mt RNC iu khin chu trch nhim cho cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca n.

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Hnh 2.4 Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC Nt B Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc hin mt s thao tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng sut vng trong". Tnh nng ny phng nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt c cc u cui u pht cng mt cng sut, th cc u cui gn nt B nht s che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa. Nt B kim tra cng sut thu t cc u cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc tng cng sut sao cho nt B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau t tt c cc u cui. CN (Core Network). Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS m bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc mng s liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc bng cc kt ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau bng ng trc ca nh khai thc, thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc cao nh ATM v IP. Mng ng trc trong min CS s dng TDM cn trong min PS s dng IP. Nt h tr GPRS phc v (SGSN) SGSN (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v) l nt chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din IuPS v n GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni PS ca tt c cc thu bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: thng tin ng k thu bao v thng tin v tr thu bao.

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S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm: IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t) Cc nhn dng tm thi gi (P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi) Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi) S liu v tr lu trn SGSN: Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area) S VLR Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc Nt h tr GPRS cng GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt SGSN kt ni vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t thu bao n cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN. Cng nh SGSN, n lu c hai kiu s liu: thng tin thu bao v thng tin v tr. S liu thu bao lu trong GGSN: IMSI Cc a ch PDP S liu v tr lu trong GGSN: a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BG thng qua Gp. Cng bin gii (BG) BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca PLMN vi cc mng khc. Chc nng ca nt ny ging nh tng la ca Internet: m bo mng an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi.

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B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR) VLR (Visitor Location Register: b ghi nh v tm tr) l bn sao ca HLR cho mng phc v (SN: Serving Network). D liu thu bao cn thit cung cp cc dch v thu bao c copy t HLR v lu y. C MSC v SGSN u c VLR ni vi chng. S liu sau y c lu trong VLR: IMSI MSISDN TMSI (nu c) LA hin thi ca thu bao MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n Ngoi ra VLR c th lu gi thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c cung cp. C SGSN v MSC u c thc hin trn cng mt nt vt l vi VLR v th c gi l VLR/SGSN v VLR/MSC. MSC MSC thc hin cc kt ni CS gia u cui v mng. N thc hin cc chc nng bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong vng qun l ca mnh. Chc nng ca MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM, nhng n c nhiu kh nng hn. Cc kt ni CS c thc hin trn giao din CS gia UTRAN v MSC. Cc MSC c ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC. GMSC GMSC c th l mt trong s cc MSC. GMSC chu trch nhim thc hin cc chc nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt ni n PLMN ca mt nh khai thc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v hi HLR v MSC hin thi qun l MS. Mi trng nh

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Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca hng khai thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network) cc thng tin v thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v tnh cc cho cc dch v cung cp. Tt c cc dch v c cung cp v cc dch v b cm u c lit k y. B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR) HLR l mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt mng di ng c th cha nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung lng ca tng HLR v t chc bn trong mng. C s d liu ny cha IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t), t nht mt MSISDN (Mobile Station ISDN: s thu bao c trong danh b in thoi) v t nht mt a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi). C IMSI v MSISDN c th s dng lm kho truy nhp n cc thng tin c lu khc. nh tuyn v tnh cc cc cuc gi, HLR cn lu gi thng tin v SGSN v VLR no hin ang chu trch nhim thu bao. Cc dch v khc nh chuyn hng cuc gi, tc s liu v th thoi cng c trong danh sch cng vi cc hn ch dch v nh cc hn ch chuyn mng. HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong cng mt nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k thu bao. Nh: thng tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch v no b t chi v thng tin chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan trng nht l hin VLR v SGSN no ang ph trch ngi s dng. Trung tm nhn thc (AuC) AUC (Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn thc, mt m ha v bo v s ton vn thng tin cho ngi s dng. N lin kt vi HLR v c thc hin cng vi HLR trong cng mt nt vt l. Tuy nhin cn m bo rng AuC ch cung cp thng tin v cc vect nhn thc (AV: Authetication Vector) cho HLR. AuC lu gi kha b mt chia s K cho tng thu bao cng vi tt c cc hm to kha t f0 n f5. N to ra cc AV, c trong thi gian thc khi SGSN/VLR yu cu hay khi ti x l thp, ln cc AV d tr.

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B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR) EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng thit b di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l s nhn dng duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh ba danh mc: danh mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI c php truy nhp mng. Danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b theo di cn danh mc en cha cc s IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp mng. Khi mt u cui c thng bo l b mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t vo danh mc en v th n b cm truy nhp mng. Danh mc ny cng c th c s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp mng khi chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun. Cc mng ngoi Cc mng ngoi khng phi l b phn ca h thng UMTS, nhng chng cn thit m bo truyn thng gia cc nh khai thc. Cc mng ngoi c th l cc mng in thoi nh: PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network: mng di ng mt t cng cng), PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network: Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng), ISDN hay cc mng s liu nh Internet. Min PS kt ni n cc mng s liu cn min CS ni n cc mng in thoi Cc giao din v tuyn. - Giao din Cu: L giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao din ny tun theo mt khun dng chun cho cc th thng minh. - Giao din Uu: L giao din m qua UE truy cp cc phn t c nh ca h thng v v th m n l giao din m quan trng nht ca UMTS. - Giao din Iu: Giao din ny ni UTRAN vi CN, n cung cp cho cc nh khai thc kh nng trang b UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau. - Giao din Iur: Cho php chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t cc nh sn xut khc nhau. - Giao din Iub: Giao din cho php kt ni mt nt B vi mt RNC. Iub c tiu chun ha nh l mt giao din m hon ton.

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II. Gii thiu v HSDPA

Khi vic s dng cc dch v d liu chuyn mch gi gia tng v xut hin ngy cng nhiu dch v mi, h thng WCDMA cn dung lng ln hn. Do , 3GPP pht trin v chun ho trong phin bn R5 mt cng ngh mi, HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), cho php ci thin tc truyn dn d liu ng xung vc xem nh l s pht trin mang tnh cch mng ca mng truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA. Khi nim HSDPA da trn mt knh truyn ti mi, knh HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel). Knh HS-DSCH cng tng t knh DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) phin bn 99/4. Tuy nhin, HS-DSCH h tr mt vi thnh phn mi hn, trong mt s lng ln ti nguyn m v cng sut c gn cho mt ngi s dng ti mt TTI (Transmission Time Interval) no theo phng php ghp theo m v/hoc thi gian. Ngoi ra, HSDPA s dng iu ch v m ho thch ng (Adaptive Modulation and Coding), HARQ nhanh (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request), v lp lch gi (Packet Scheduling) nhanh. Nhng tnh nng ny c phi hp cht ch v cho php thch ng cc tham s truyn dn theo mi khong thi gian TTI ty theo s thay i ca cht lng knh v tuyn. Knh truyn HS-DSCH c xy dng ch yu da vo 5 k thut chnh: - Truyn dn trn knh truyn chia s (shared-channel transmission), - iu ch mc cao (higher-order modulation) - Thch ng ng truyn (link adaptation) - Lp lch nhanh cho knh v tuyn (Fast Radio channel-dependent scheduling). - HARQ nhanh (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) HSDPA cn c u im l TTI (Transmission Time Interval) nh hn v phn phi cng sut ng. Nhng c im chung trong HSDPA:

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Hnh 2.2.2: Nhng c im c bn ca HSDPA 1. TTI ngn (Short TTI (2ms)) Mc ch ca TTI ngn hn l gim tr lan truyn trong giao tip v tuyn bng cch gim tr kh hi RTT (Round Trip Times). TTI HSDPA l 2ms, nh hn ng k so vi 10ms phin bn trc . Li th gim TTI s h tr cho mt s chc nng khc nh thch ng knh nhanh (fast link adaptation), lp lch nhanh (fast scheduling), HARQ nhanh (fast hybrid ARQ), tng kh nng tng tc vi TCP/IP. 2. Truyn dn trn knh chia s (Shared channel transmission) Vic truyn dn trn knh truyn chia s ng rng mt lng ti nguyn v tuyn ca mt cell (khng gian m v cng sut) s c xem l ti nguyn chung v c chia s ng, ch yu trong min thi gian. Nh ni phn trc, trong HSDPA, c thm mt knh truyn xung mi gi l HSDSCH, mt phn ca ti nguyn m ca ng xung s c chia s ng trong mt nhm ngi dng d liu chuyn mch gi, ch yu trong min thi gian. Nhng m ch c cp cho ngi dng khi h thc s s dng vic truyn dn, nh vy s tng hiu qu s dng m v cng sut. di m (channelization codes) ti a l 15 vi SF (Spreading Factor) = 16 c th c dng trong knh truyn xung mi ny. Li th ca vic c knh xung mi ny l gp phn khc phc s gii hn ca khng gian m. Vic chia s ti nguyn m (cn gi l code multiplexing), trong c min thi gian v tn s, c thc hin bng cch phn ton b m thnh cc tp con, ri chia s cho nhng ngi dng khc nhau. V d Hnh 2.4. Vic chia s m rt hu ch trong vic h tr truyn dn nhng d liu nh, khng cn thit dng ton b m ca knh HS-DSCH trong cell. S lng m c s dng trong

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mi cell s c thit lp hoc c thay i thch hp bi RNC (Radio Network Controller) ty theo tng dch v chuyn mch gi trong knh HS hoc cc dch v khc nh thoi chng hn. RBS (Radio Base Station) s phn phi ng nhng m cho ngi dng mi chu k 2ms.

Hnh 2.2.3: Code multiplexing ( 8 codes , 4 users) trong truyn dn trn knh chia s. 3. iu ch mc cao hn (Higher-Order Modulation) WCDMA phin bn R99/4 s dng iu ch QPSK cho ng truyn xung. h tr truyn d liu tc cao, nhng phng thc iu ch khc, nh 16QAM c th c dng, s dng bng thng hiu qu hn. Tuy nhin iu ch nhiu mc d b nhiu tc ng, i hi cng sut pht cao hn vi cng BER cho trc. HS-DSCH h tr c QPSK v 16QAM. 16QAM c dng trong thit b ca ngi s dng v u tin s dng Node B.

Hnh 2.2.4: QPSK v 16QAM 4. Thch ng knh nhanh (fast link adaptation ) Trong h thng di ng t bo, trng thi knh truyn v tuyn, y ch yu xem xt ng xung, bin i ng k theo thi gian v v tr. C mt vi l do cho nhng s bin i v khc nhau ny: Trng thi knh truyn s khc nhau ng k gia nhng v tr khc nhau do suy hao (path loss) ph thuc vo khong cch, v tia truyn v tuyn cng nh nhng tia phn x, tn x l khc nhau vi nhng v tr khc nhau.

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Trng thi knh truyn s bin i ty theo s thay i ca mc nhiu. Mc nhiu

li ty thuc vo v tr trong cell, v d nh vng bin ca cell thng c mcnhiu cao. Mc nhiu cn ph thuc vo hot ng ca nhng cell ln cn, qu trnh truyn dn thay i lin tc lm bin i mc nhiu lin tc. Khng ch do nhng cell ln cn, ngay c truyn dn trong cell cng gy nhiu. Trng thi tc thi ca knh truyn cng thay i do multi-path fading, tc thay i ty thuc ch yu vo tc di chuyn ca thu bao, v thng thay i ng k trong khong thi gian nh. Trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut (power control) c dng b p s khc nhau v s thay i ca trng thi knh v tuyn truyn xung. V nguyn tc, iu khin cng sut phn b phn ln cng sut ca ton b cell cho nhng ng truyn c trng thi knh xu. iu ny m bo cht lng dch v nh nhau cho tt c nhng ng truyn. ng thi, ti nguyn v tuyn c s dng hiu qu hn khi cp pht cho nhng knh truyn c trng thi tt. Nhng n cng to ra nhng gi tr nh trong cng sut pht v tng nn nhiu a truy nhp. Do , iu khin cng sut khng phi l cch hiu qu nht phn b ti nguyn h thng. Nhn chung, mc ch l m bo nng lng cho mi bit thng tin truyn i, cho d trng thi knh c thay i. iu khin cng sut t c iu ny bng cch iu chnh cng sut pht, trong khi vn gi nguyn tc d liu. Vi nhng dch v khng yu cu tc d liu c th ( nh cc dch v best-effort), vic iu chnh tc d liu trong khi gi cng sut pht c nh, c th iu khin c mc nng lng cho mi bit thng tin. Vic iu khin v iu chnh tc d liu hay iu khin cng sut c th c xem l nhng cch thch nghi vi knh truyn (link adaptation). C mt s cch iu chnh tc d liu b vo s thay i ca trng thi knh truyn: -Thay i t l m ha knh (channel-coding rate). Vic s dng t l m ha cao cho php t c tc d liu cao hn. - Thay i phng thc iu ch. Phng thc iu ch nhiu mc, nh 16QAM cho p php truyn c nhiu bit trn mt k t, do t c tc cao hn.

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Hnh 2.2.5: iu khin cng sut v thch ng tc truyn dn 5. Lp lch nhanh (Fast channel scheduling) Lp lch nhanh (Fast Scheduling) quyt nh thit b u cui no s c s dng knh truyn chia s. N cn c gi l channel-dependent scheduling bi v ph thuc vo trng thi tc thi ca knh dn. tng c bn l pht d liu i ngay ti fading peaks ca knh truyn tng dung lng v s dng ti nguyn hiu qu hn. C mt s thut ton lp lch da trn s tha thun gia thng lng v s cng bng i vi cc ngi dng : - Round Robin (RR): ti nguyn v tuyn c phn b cho nhng knh truyn mt cch tun t, khng da vo trng thi ca knh truyn l tt hay xu. Cch ny n gin, nhng hiu qu thp (poor performance). - Proportional Fair: Phn b ti nguyn cho knh truyn cht lng tt nht mt cch tng i. u tin nhng knh truyn trng thi tt, nhng vn cung cp ti nguyn cho nhng knh truyn trng thi km hn. Cch ny t cho thng lng cao v kh cng bng. - Flexible Scheduler: c 5 mc cng bng: cng tc , thp, trung bnh, cao v C/I ln nht. t thng lng cao nht, ti nguyn v tuyn nn c phn b cng ln (ti mc c th) cho knh truyn c trng thi tt nht.

Hnh 2.2.6: Minh ha v Fast Channel Dependent Scheduling

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6. HARQ nhanh (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ) Trong k thut ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) thng thng, khi d liu nhn c th b li v b hy, n ln truyn lp k tip s c gii m ring l. Nhng trong HARQ, khi d liu li s c lu vo trong b m v kt hp vi ln truyn lp tip theo gii m. Vic dng HARQ s tng Eb/I0 cho mi ln truyn lp, do tng c xc sut gii m ng hn so vi ARQ thng thng. C nhiu cch thc hin HARQ, nhng ch yu c 2 cch chnh l CC (Chase Combining) v IR (Incremental Redundancy). Vi CC, mi ln pht li s lp li nhng t m pht ln u tin Vi IR, mi ln pht li bao gm thng tin d tha b sung tng chnh xc

cho qu trnh gii m. 7. Phn phi cng sut ng (Dynamic power allocation) Nh cp trc, cc k thut iu ch mc cao v thch ng knh c th kt hp khc phc s thay i tc thi ca knh truyn v tuyn. Knh HS-DSCH khng dng iu khin cng sut nhanh (fast power control) b vo s thay i ca knh truyn, thay vo , m rng thng lng ng xung, th tc truyn d liu c thay i thch ng vi trng thi knh truyn v cng sut pht cho php RBS. Cng sut pht ca cell, sau khi cp cho knh dng chung v knh ring, s c cp cho knh HS-DSCH, nh vy s hiu qu hn trong vic s dng cng sut. Ch knh dnh ring (dedicated channels) c thit k m bo tc d liu n nh bng cch dng iu khin cng sut nhanh. Nhng ch nhng knh dng iu khin cng sut th kh c th tn dng ht cng sut ca cell. Tuy nhin, bng cch s dng thch ng knh nhanh ( fast link adaptation) cho nhng dch v cho php thay i tc d liu, c th tin gn ti ngng tng cng sut ca cell m vn gi c tc d liu n nh trn nhng knh ring. Hnh bn di minh ha 2 cch phn phi cng sut 3GPP R99 (khng c HSDPA) v 3GPP R5 (c HSDPA). Khi chu k truyn dn TTI trn knh HS-DSCH l tng i nh (2ms), v vic lp lch, thch ng knh thc hin mi TTI, th c th bt kp s bin thin ca trng thi knh. H thng iu chnh tc d liu bng 2 cch: iu chnh t l m

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Thay i hnh thc iu ch

Bn cnh QPSK, knh HS-DSCH c th dng 16QAM nng cao tc d liu. iu ch mc cao, nh 16QAM, s s dng bng thng hiu qu hn nhng yu cu nng lng cho mi bit l ln hn. Do , 16QAM ch yu hu ch trong trng hp bng thng hn ch, khng dng cho trng hp cng sut hn ch.

Hnh 2.2.7: Phn phi cng sut trong 2 phin bn 3GPP R99 v 3GPP R5 (HSDPA)

KT LUN
Sau thi gian gn 1 thng thc tp ti i iu hnh thuc Trung tm TTD Khu vc III, em hon thnh xong t thc tp ca mnh. Qua t thc tp ny em hiu thm v mng GSM, 3G, chc nng ca cc thit b trong mng, cu trc ca cc thit b ca cc hng khc nhau. L sinh vin, c hi tip xc vi thc t rt t nn kinh nghim thc t khng c nhiu, qua t thc tp ny em c th tch ly c mt t kinh nghim b sung cho c hi vic lm sau ny. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n Ban lnh o ca Trung tm di ng khu vc III to iu kin cho em thc tp ti cng ty m trc tip l phng iu hnh tn tnh gip em trong qu trnh thc tp v hon thin bi bo co ny .

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