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Chapter 4 Load Tables for Flexural Members and Connections

Beam Deflections - A pultruded beam will be designed for deflection, strength and buckling.
Fiber reinforced composite beams exhibit both flexural and shear deflections. Shear deflections are most
apparent when the span to depth ratios are less than 20. At short spans, the shear deflections comprise a
significant portion of the actual deflections; therefore, the designer should always account for shear
deflections when designing with composites. Reference Pultex Fiber Reinforced Polymer Structural
Profiles Material Properties Sheets for the appropriate properties of the profiles for which you are
utilizing in your design.
Although coupon testing is a good quality control method, composite materials are not homogeneous and
will exhibit different properties in the web and flange areas. Deflection predictions should be made with
values based on full section testing. Please reference Appendix B per ASTM D198 for full section testing
procedure.
The Allowable Uniform Load Tables were calculated using physical properties that were derived from
full section testing. The Load Tables are based on simply supported end conditions with uniformly
distributed loads. For beam loadings and end conditions not represented in the Allowable Uniform Load
Tables, reference the Beam Deflection Formula and relative design tables.
The following formula was used to predict the deflections in The Allowable Uniform Load Tables:
= 5wL4 + w L2
Where:
384 EI
8AG
A = kAw (mm2)
Aw = Shear area of profile (mm2) (Ref. Table 2)
k = Shear coefficients (Ref. Table 2)
Ex = Modulus of elasticity (GPa)
G = Modulus of rigidity (Shear Modulus) (GPa)
I = Moment of inertia (mm4)
L = Length of span (m)
= Deflection (mm)
w = Load on the beam (N/m)

Allowable Stresses
Fiber reinforced composite beams exhibit compressive, flexural, and shear stresses under various load
conditions. The dominating failure mode for long span flexural members is typically local buckling of
the compressive flange, while short spans are dominated by in-plane shear failures.
Safety Factors
The allowable stresses used in The Allowable Uniform Load Tables are based on the ultimate
compressive buckling, flexural and shear strengths with applied safety factors. Specifically, a 2.5
safety factor is used for local buckling and flexural stresses while a 3 safety factor is used for shear. The
following shear and flexure formula were used to predict the Allowable Loads.
V=fv(Aw); where fv = allowable shear stress = 31 MPa = 10.3 MPa (Equation P-4)

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M= fb(Sx); where fb = allowable flexural stress = 227.6 MPa = 91.0 MPa (Equation P-5)
Local Buckling of the Compression Flange for Wide Flange, I-Sections, Square Tube and
Rectangular Tube Sections
The local compression buckling strength of pultruded wide flange, I-Sections, square tubes and
rectangular tubes can be determined by utilizing the following equations. The local bucking equations
were derived from University research. (Reference Step by Step Design Equations for Fiber-reinforced
Plastic Beams for Transportation Structures)Davalos,Barbero and Qiao

cr

2 tf

12 b

[ q (2

(Ex ) f (E y ) f

)+ p((E ) (
y f

xy f

+ 2(Gxy ) f

)]

(Equation P-3)

Where, x is the critical stress, and p and q are constants that are defined by the coefficient of
restraint () at the junction of the plates:
I/W sections:

2bw (E y )f
bf
0.004
0.065
; q = 0.025 +
; =
p = 0.3 +
;b =
b f (E y )w
2
0.5
+ 0.4
Box sections:

bw( E y ) f
0.002
0.08
; q = 1.0 +
; =
p = 2.0 +
;b = bf
b f ( E y )w
1.3
+ 0.2
Where:
xcr
b
b
bf
bw
Ex
Ey
f
Gxy
p
q
t

= Critical buckling stress in (MPa)


= Half the width of the compression flange for I/W sections (mm)
= The width of the compression flange for box sections, b=bf (mm)
= Width of the compression flange (mm)
= Height of the section (mm)
= Longitudinal modulus of elasticity (GPa)
= Transverse modulus of elasticity (GPa)
= Flange
= Modulus of rigidity (Shear Modulus) (GPa)
= Constant defined by the coefficient of restraint ()
= Constant defined by the coefficient of restraint ()
= Thickness of the compression flange (mm)
= Coefficient of restraint of the compression plates
= Web

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Stress Calculations of Channels


The Wide Flange-, I- and Box sections mentioned above are loaded in the plane of symmetry and bend in
the plane of loading. Channel sections, however, do not exhibit such behavior unless the loading is
applied through the shear center. In normal construction with channel members, such a loading condition
is seldom observed; therefore, the top flange of channel sections, must be adequately supported to resist
rotation due to off shear center loading. The Maximum Uniform Loads in the Allowable Uniform Load
Tables were calculated using working stress analysis with the assumption that the members are fully
laterally supported. Reference Equations P-4 and P-5 on page 1. (Note: CPI is currently developing local
buckling and laterally unsupported beam equations for the next update)
Lateral-Torsional Buckling
The Allowable Uniform Loads in the Allowable Uniform Load Tables are derived assuming that adequate
lateral support is provided for the flexural members. The degree of lateral support for structures is
difficult to predict. Figures a. d. represent common bracing scenarios that are considered to provide
adequate lateral support. Note that the bracing intervals must be adequate. In the event that lateral
support is not used, the designer must investigate lateral torsional buckling criteria. The Allowable
Uniform Load Tables contain a column titled Allowable load, laterally unsupported beam global buckling
capacity. Please note that the global buckling load tables include a 2.5x safety factor.

For I-Sections or Wide Flange Sections, the lateral torsional buckling load for various loading conditions
can be determined by using the following equation:

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Design Equation for Lateral-Torsional Buckling

M cr = Cb

E y

Cw I y + E y I y G J
KL
b

KLb

(Equation P-1)

Where, for Wide Flange Sections and I-Sections

h2I y

Cw =
4
1
J = (2bt 3f + ht w3 )
3
Cw
J
Cb
Mcr
Lb
Ey
G
K
Iy

= Warping constant (mm6)


= Torsion constant (mm4)
= Moment variation constant (Ref. Table 1)
= Critical moment (N-m)
= Unsupported length between points that have lateral restraint (mm)
= Modulus of elasticity for bending about minor axis y-y (GPa)
(Use same value as Ex, for simplicity. Values are very similar) Ey Ex
= Shear modulus (GPa)
= Effective length coefficient (Ref. Table 1)
= Moment of Intertia about the minor axis (mm4)

Cb is a moment gradient adjuster, that depends on the type of load and end restraint conditions. Values
for Cb can be located in Table 1.

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Table 1
Lateral Buckling Coefficient for Various End Conditions1
Lateral Support
about y-axis

Moment gradient
adjuster (Cb)

Effective length
coefficient (K)

None

1.0

1.0

None
Full

1.13
0.97

1.0
0.5

None
Full

1.30
0.86

1.0
0.5

None
Full

1.35
1.07

1.0
0.5

None
Full

1.70
1.04

1.0
0.5

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Beam Deflection Formula


Uniform load on simple beam

Load

max. (at midpoint)

Total Equiv. Uniform

R is V

Vx

=
=

M max. (at midpoint)


M

wl
5 wl 4
wl 2
+
384 EI
8 G A

wx
l 3 2 lx 2 + x 3
24 EI
wl
2
1

w x
2

wl 2
8
wx
(l x )
2

Note: Reference Table 2. Shear Areas and Shear Coefficients for Various Cross Sections A', A'=kAw.

Uniform load on beam fixed at both ends


Total

Load

max. (at midpoint)

Equiv.

Uniform

R is V

Vx

M max. (at ends)

(at midpoint)
M

2 wl
3
w l4
wl 2
+
384 EI
8G A
wx2
(l x )2
24 EI l 2
wl
2
1

x
w
2

wl2
12
wl2
24
w
6 lx l 2 6 x 2
12

Point load on simply supported beam


Total

Equiv.
max.

Uniform

(at

M max.

point

(at
M

of

when

point

when

Load

of

load)
x <

Pl3
48 EI

load)
x <

2P

=
=

Px
48 EI
P
2
Pl
4
Px
2

(3 l

Pl
4GA
2

4 x

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Point load on beam with fixed ends

Total

Load

max. (at midpoint)

Equiv.

Uniform

x when

M max. (at center


M

x <

and

when

Pl3
192 EI

Pl
4 G A

Px 2
48 EI l 2

(3 l

4x)

P
2
Pl
8
P
(4 x l )
8

ends)
x <

Point load on cantilever beam


Total

Equiv. Uniform

max.

M max.

(at

(at

Load

free end

fixed

8P
Pl3
Pl
+
3 EI
G A
P
2l 3 3l 2 x + x 3
6 EI

=
=
=

R is V
end )
M x

P
Pl
Px

Uniform load on cantilever beam


Total

Equiv.

Uniform

max.

Load

(at free end)

M max.

R is V
Vx

=
=

end)

(at fixed

4 wl
wl 2
wl4
+
8 EI
2 GA
w
24 EI
wl
wx

(x

4l 3 x + 3l

wl 2
2
wx2
2

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Two Concentrated Loads Equally Spaced on


a Simply Supported Beam
Total

Equiv. Uniform

max.

(at

Load
center

x (when

x < a)

x > a and < ( l - a) )

R is V
M max. (between loads)
M x (when x < a )

=
=
=

x (when

8 Pa
l
Pa l 2
a2
Pa
+

EI 8
6
G A
Px
3 la 3 a 2 x 2
6 EI
Pa
3 lx 3 x 2 a 2
6 EI
P
Pa
Px

Table 2

Shear Areas and Shear Coefficients for Various Cross Sections


for calculating A',
Cross Section

Type

Shear Area

Rectangular
Section

Aw= bd

I or W-Section

A' = kAw
Type

Shear Area

5/6

Channel
Section

Aw= 2bt

5/6

Aw= 2bt

5/6

Channel
Section

Aw= ht

I or W-Section

Aw= th

Solid Round

Aw=

8/9

Square Tube

Aw= 2th

Angle Section

Aw= th

Rectangular
Tube

Aw= 2tb

5/6

Circular Tube

Aw= 2Rt

Cross Section

Note:
Arrows indicate direction of shear forces
k = Shear coefficient
Note: Values are approximated for simplicity. For exact shear coefficients reference Timoshenko's Beam Theory.

Aw = Shear area

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1/4

Examples of Beam Selection of Pultex Profiles used as Flexural Members


Example 1.
Design Parameters
Select a Pultex Wide Flange Section capable of withstanding a uniform load of 1314 N/m, over a simply
supported span of 5m, with a deflection limit of L/180. The beam is laterally supported and has an
assumed weight of 7.34 kg/m.
Solution
Refer to the Allowable Uniform Load Tables. The load tables do not take into account the weight of the
beam; therefore, add the weight of the section to the design load. From the Allowable Uniform Load
Tables, reference the 152mm x 152mm x 9.5 mm (nominal) Wide Flange Section. Locate the span
column and find the 5m span and look across the columns to the L/180 column. The number in the space
represents a uniform load of 1542 N/m. This load is more than the design load 1386 N/m (included
weight of selected beam). Therefore, the section is adequate. Select a 152 mm x 152 mm x 9.5mm
Wide Flange Section.
Example 2.
Design Parameters
Select a Pultex Wide Flange Section that is simply supported and is capable of withstanding a laterally
unsupported load of 2550 N/m at a span of 6.4m with a deflection less than L/240.
Solution
Reference the Allowable Uniform Load Tables. Select a member size to begin the process. Locate the
203mm x 203mm x 9.5mm Wide Flange Section and the span of 6.5m. Locate the Allowable load,
laterally unsupported beam, global buckling capacity and locate the 6.5m span and load interface. The
maximum load is 960 N/m and is not adequate; therefore, select a larger Wide Flange Section. Select a
254mm x 254mm x 12.7mm Wide Flange Section. Locate the 6.5m span and Maximum Load Laterally
Unsupported column. The maximum load is 2883 N/m with a 2x safety factor. The 2883 N/m load is
greater than the design load plus the weight of the Wide Flange Section; therefore, the 254mm x 254mm
x 12.7mm beam is adequate. Scanning across the columns, notice that the 2711 N/m design load is less
than the 3193 N/m load in the L/240 column; therefore, the deflection will be less than L/240.
Select a 254mm x 254mm x 12.7mm Wide Flange Section.
Example 3.
Design Parameters
Determine the maximum allowable point load and deflection of a laterally unsupported 152mm x 152mm
x 9.5mm Wide Flange Section that is simply supported at a span of 3.66mm. The beam is to be used in a
10% concentration of Potassium Hydroxide.
Solution
Step 1. Reference equation (P-1) for lateral-torsional buckling.
M cr = Cb

KLb

E y
C w I y + E y I y GJ

KLb

Cw = Warping constant (mm6)


J = Torsion constant (mm4)
Cb = Moment gradient adjuster
Mcr = Critical moment (mm-N)
L = Unsupported length (mm)
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Ey = Modulus of elasticity for bending about minor axis (GPa) Ey E


Example 3 (contd)
G = Shear modulus (GPa)
K = Effective length coefficient (ref. Table 1)
Step 2. Use equation (P-2) to predict the critical moment Mcr. Obtain the moment variation constant Cb
from Table 1. Cb is 1.35 for the simply supported beam with no end constraints and a point load (Table 1.)
L is the laterally unsupported length of 3.66m or 3660 mm.
E is the modulus of elasticity (reference the Pultex Fiber Reinforced Polymer Structural Profiles Material
Properties Sheet) E = 27.59 GPa.
G is the modulus of rigidity (Shear Modulus) (reference the Pultex Fiber Reinforced Polymer Structural
Profiles Material Properties Sheet) G = 3.45 GPa
Cw is the warping constant; a value can be located in the Elements of Section in the Design Manual. For
the 152mm x 152mm x 9.5mm Wide Flange Section, Cw = 3.218E10mm6.
J is torsion constant, a value can be found in the Elements of Section in the Design Manual. For the
152mm x 152mm x 9.5mm Wide Flange Section, J = 131698mm4.
Iy is the moment if inertia about the weak axis, Iy = 5542163mm4. (from Elements of Section)
K is the effective length coefficient from Table 1., K = 1.
Step 3. Equate Mcr
M cr = 1.35

27.59GPa

( 3.218 E10 6 )( 5542163mm 4 ) + ( 27.59GPa )( 5542163mm 4 )( 345GPa )( 131698 mm 4 )


( 1 )3660 mm ( 1 )3660 mm"

Mcr = 15,093 N-m


For a simply supported span with a point load at mid span, the maximum moment is given by
M= PL/4.
Where:
P = point load in (N)
L = length of span (m), equals Lb in the present case.
Therefore, calculate P.
15093 N-m = P(3.66m)/4
P= 16,495 N
Apply the desired safety factor. In this case, use a 2.5 safety factor.
Therefore, Pallowable = 6,598N
Step 4. Calculate the allowable deflection with the 6,60N load.
From the beam deflection equations, determine the equation for the simply supported, mid-span, point
load condition.

1 PL3 1 PL
=
+
48 EI 4 GA'
Where: A' = kAw

= Deflection (in)
P = Concentrated load (lbs.);i.e., Pallowable = 6,600N
L = length of span (in) 3.66mm
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G = Modulus of rigidity (Shear modulus) (GPa) i.e., 3.45 GPa


E = Full section modulus of elasticity (GPa), i.e., 27.59 GPa
Ix = Moment of inertia (mm4), i.e., 16964344mm4
Example 3 (contd)
A = kAw, i.e. 1(1,452mm2)=1,452mm2
Aw = Cross sectional area of web 1,452mm2
k = Shear Coefficient Reference Table 2. (Shear area of common cross sections), i.e.,(Table 2)
Step 5. Solve for deflection .

1
( 6 ,600 N )( 3.66 m )3
1
( 6 ,600 N )( 3.66 m )
+
48 ( 27.59GPa )( 16964344 mm4 ) 4 ( 3.45GPa )( 1,452 mm 2 .0015 mm )

= 15.57mm or L/235
Step 6. Determine if the flexural strength is adequate.
f = M/Sx
Where:
f
= flexural stress (GPa)
M = maximum moment (N - m)
Sx = Section modulus (mm3)
From the Elements of Section of The New and Improved Design Manual for Pultrusion of
Standard and Custom Fiber Reinforced Polymer Structural Profiles, determine Sx for the 152mm
x 152mm x 9.5mm Wide Flange Section. Sx = 222630mm3.
From the Pultex SuperStructural Profiles for Wide Flange Sections and I-Sections Material
Properties Sheets, determine the ultimate flexural strength and apply the proper safety factor,
which in the present case is 2.5.
f = 227.6 MPa ultimate flexural strength.
(227.6 MPa/2.5) = (3.66mm/4)/222630mm3
Pflexural= 4,983 lbs.
Pflexural > Pallowable therefore, the strength is adequate.
Step 7. Calculate the Critical Buckling load and determine if it is adequate. From equation (P-2):

cr

2 tf

12 b

[ q (2

(E x ) f

* 2 (E y )

)+ p((E ) (
y

xy

+ 2(G xy ) f

)]

2bw (E y ) f
bf
0.004
0.065
; q = 0.025 +
; =
;b =
p = 0.3 +
2
b f (E y )w
0.5
+ 0.4
Where:

xcr
b
b
bf

= Critical buckling stress in (MPa)


= Half the width of the compression flange for I/W sections (mm)
= The width of the compression flange for box sections, b=bf (mm)
= width of the compression flange (mm)
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bw
Ex
Ey

= Height of the section (mm)


= Longitudinal modulus of elasticity (GPa)
= Transverse modulus of elasticity (GPa)

f
Gxy
p
q
t

= Flange
= Modulus of rigidity (Shear Modulus) (GPa)
= Constant defined by the coefficient of restraint ()
= Constant defined by the coefficient of restraint ()
= Thickness of the compression flange (mm)
= Coefficient of restraint of the compression plates

xcr

= 156 MPa

Step 7. The allowable local buckling load is determined by evaluating the critical buckling stress to
bending stress and applying the appropriate safety factor. In this case use 2.5.
Use =M/Sx where, M=PL/4
Therefore, P =(xcr Sx4)/L
Pbuckling=(156 MPa*222638 mm3*4)/3.66mm = 37995 N/2.5
Pallowable =15,198N> Pglobal buckling 6598N; therefore, global buckling governs the design.
The design is governed by Mcr Lateral Torsional Buckling (Global buckling) and is limited to
6598N.
Reference the Chemical Compatibility Guide to determine the proper Pultex Series.
Choose Pultex 1625 Series.

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Nomenclature

c
xcr
xy
yx

Aw
A
b
b
bf
bw
Cb
Cw
D
D11, D22
ExorEy
Ey local
f
fb
fv
G
Gxy
h
Ix or y
J
K
k
L
Lb
M
Mcr
P
p
q
r
Sx
t
V
Wt.
Wlb
Wf
Wv
Wlu
L/D

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Deflection (mm)
1-(xyyx)
Coefficient of restraint of the compression plates
Compressive stress (GPa)
Critical buckling stress in (GPa)
Poissons ratio (longitudinal)
Poissons ratio (transverse)
Unsupported length or region over which Nx acts (length of beam) inches
Shear area of profile (Table 2) (mm2)
kAw, Shear coefficient x shear area of profile (mm2)
Half the width of the compression flange for I/W sections (mm)
The width of the compression flange for box sections, b=bf (mm)
Width of the compression flange (mm)
Height of the section (mm)
Moment Variation Constant
Warping Constant (mm6)
Deflection (mm)
Flexural rigidity in 1, 2 and radial directions
Modulus of elasticity of the major or minor axis(GPa)
Local transverse modulus of Elasticity (GPa)
Flange
Flexural stress (GPa)
Shear stress (GPa)
Shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) (GPa)
Shear modulus (GPa)
Depth of section (mm)
Moment of Inertia about desired axis (mm4)
Torsion Constant (mm4)
Effective length coefficient
Shear coefficient (Table 2.)
Length (mm)
Unsupported length between points that have lateral restraint (mm)
Maximum moment (m -N)
Critical Moment that causes lateral buckling (m-N)
Point load (N)
Constant defined by the coefficient of restraint ()
Constant defined by the coefficient of restraint ()
Radius of gyration (mm)
Section modulus (mm3)
Thickness of compression flange (mm)
Shear Force (N)
Weight of profile in N/m
Maximum load governed by critical local buckling (N/m)
Maximum load governed by flexural stress (N/m)
Maximum load governed by shear strength (N/m)
Maximum laterally unsupported load (N/m)
Ratio of length of the span to the deflection
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Introduction to Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Product Advantage Summary
When comparing pultruded fiber reinforced polymer composites to traditional building materials such as
steel, one will notice that the strengths of the materials are generally comparable while the stiffness
characteristics are dissimilar. For example, the modulus of elasticity of steel is approximately 29E6 psi.,
while the modulus of elasticity of a typical pultruded Wide Flange Section is 2.5-2.8E6 psi. The stiffness
difference is 11.5 times between the two materials. In an effort to improve stiffness, Creative Pultrusions,
has modified the fiber architecture of selected structural profiles. The result improved the modulus of
elasticity from 2.5-2.8E6 psi to 3.9-4.0E6 psi., an average improvement in E-Modulus of 49%. Pultex
SuperStructural profiles offer the designer the ability to design longer spans with heavier loads. The
most important advantage is a more economical design, as material and labor costs are greatly reduced.
The following example is a comparison of a standard pultruded section to a Pultex SuperStructural
profile.
Example 1.0
Reference Creative Pultrusions former Design Guide, Volume 2, Revision 1, Allowable Uniform Load
Tables, page 3-17. The allowable uniform load of a standard 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section at a
span of 10 and L/D ratio of 360 is 149 lbs./ft. Referencing The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion
Design Manual, the allowable uniform load for the same loading, span and deflection criteria is 220
lbs./ft. The difference is a 48% increase in E-Modulus. The graph below demonstrates the difference
between the Pultex SuperStructural 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section and a standard pultruded 6" x
6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section. The graph demonstrates the allowable uniform loads for each beam at
various spans with the deflection limit of L/D = 360.

Comparison of Standard Structural Profiles and Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Project example: Plating Tank Cover Design

(Uniform Load (lbs./ft

Pultex SuperStructural vs Pultex Standard Structural


Allowable Uniform Load Comparison

400
300
48% increase in E-Modulus

200
100
0
8

10

11
12
Span (ft)

13

14

15

Pultex SuperStructural Profiles 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section


Pultex Standard Structural Profiles 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section
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1. Standard Structural Project Design Factors


Description: Plating tank
Design load: 80 psf
Maximum deflection: L/180 or .67"
Service temperature: 80F
5% concentration of Chromic Acid
Step 1. Based on the 80 psf + the 3.46 psf DL of Flowgrip, determine the allowable beam
spacing.
Step 2. Reference Creative Pultrusions former Design Guide, Volume 2, Revision 1.
For a 6"x6"x3/8" Wide Flange Beam, the allowable uniform load at L/180 is 298 lbs/ft.
Step 3. Determine the allowable spacing by dividing the allowable load by the design load, i.e.,
(298 lbs/ft)/83.46lbs/ft2= 3.57' O.C.
Step 4. Space the beams @ 3.5' O.C. (Note: beam weight excluded)
Bill of Materials for Standard Structural Project Design
Item
6"x6"x3/8" W-Section; 1625; Spaced 3.5' O.C.
Flowgrip Solid Panel
Misc., i.e., fasteners, adhesive
Total Material Price

Quantity
19 pcs. @11'
21 pcs. @20'

Price $
Total
$24.28/ft $5,074.52
$33.14/ft $13,918.80
$18,993.32

Pultex SuperStructural Profiles

Pultex Standard Structural Profiles

2. Pultex SuperStructural Project Design Factors


Description: Plating tank cover 10' x 60'
Design load: 80 psf
Maximum deflection: L/180 or .67"
Service temperature: 80F
5% concentration of Chromic Acid
Step 1. Determine the maximum span of Flowgrip Solid Floor Panel.
a. Reference page 7 of the Solutions that Work---The Most Complete Line of Grating and
Access Structure Products in the Industry
Note: The Flowgrip Solid Floor Panel will span 60" and satisfy the above design criteria.
(The beam spacing is based on 5' O.C.)

15
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Step 2. Determine which Wide Flange Section profile will satisfy the loading condition above.
a. 80 psf x 5' panel width = 400 lbs/ft live load on the beams.
b. Calculate the dead load. Assume that a 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section profile is
sufficient.
c. The weight of the 6" x 6" x 3/8" section is 4.92 lbs/ft.
d. Calculate the weight of the Flowgrip 3.46 psf x 5' = 17.3 lbs/ft.
Step 3. Determine the total live load (LL) and dead load (DL) combination.
a. 400 lbs/ft LL + 4.92 lbs/ft DL + 17.3 lbs/ft DL = 422.2 lbs./ft.
Step 4. Determine if the 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section profile is adequate.
a. Reference the 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section in the Allowable Uniform Load Tables.
b. Locate the 10' span row and look across to the l/180 deflection column.
c. The Pultex SuperStructural 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section will hold 441 lbs/ft and
deflect less than L/180; therefore, the 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section profile is adequate.
Step 5. Space all beams at 5' O.C. across the 10' section of the span.
Bill of Materials for Pultex SuperStructural Project Design
Item
Quantity
6"x6"x3/8" W-Section; 1625; Spaced 5' O.C.
13 pcs. @11'
Flowgrip Solid Floor Panel
21 pcs. @ 20'
Misc., i.e., fasteners, adhesives
Total Material Price

Price $
$24.28/ft
$33.14/ft

Total
$3,472.04
$13,918.80
$17,390.84

Pultex Supe r Str uctur a l vs Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Price Advantage Comparison

$18,993
$19,000
$18,500

$17,391

$18,000
$17,500
$17,000
$16,500

Pultex
SuperStructural
Pultex SuperStructural
Profiles
Profiles

Pultex
PultexStandard
Standard
Structural
StrucuralProfiles
Profiles

Total Material Cost

16
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Span/Deflection Ratio Conversion Table (Metric)


Span
meter
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50

Span
mm
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
3750
4000
4250
4500
4750
5000
5250
5500
5750
6000
6250
6500
6750
7000
7250
7500
7750
8000
8250
8500
8750
9000
9250
9500

L/D=80

L/D=100

3.13
6.25
9.38
12.50
15.63
18.75
21.88
25.00
28.13
31.25
34.38
37.50
40.63
43.75
46.88
50.00
53.13
56.25
59.38
62.50
65.63
68.75
71.88
75.00
78.13
81.25
84.38
87.50
90.63
93.75
96.88
100.00
103.13
106.25
109.38
112.50
115.63
118.75

2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
20.00
22.50
25.00
27.50
30.00
32.50
35.00
37.50
40.00
42.50
45.00
47.50
50.00
52.50
55.00
57.50
60.00
62.50
65.00
67.50
70.00
72.50
75.00
77.50
80.00
82.50
85.00
87.50
90.00
92.50
95.00

L/D=150 L/D=180 L/D=240


Deflection (mm)
1.67
1.39
1.04
3.33
2.78
2.08
5.00
4.17
3.13
6.67
5.56
4.17
8.33
6.94
5.21
10.00
8.33
6.25
11.67
9.72
7.29
13.33
11.11
8.33
15.00
12.50
9.38
16.67
13.89
10.42
18.33
15.28
11.46
20.00
16.67
12.50
21.67
18.06
13.54
23.33
19.44
14.58
25.00
20.83
15.63
26.67
22.22
16.67
28.33
23.61
17.71
30.00
25.00
18.75
31.67
26.39
19.79
33.33
27.78
20.83
35.00
29.17
21.88
36.67
30.56
22.92
38.33
31.94
23.96
40.00
33.33
25.00
41.67
34.72
26.04
43.33
36.11
27.08
45.00
37.50
28.13
46.67
38.89
29.17
48.33
40.28
30.21
50.00
41.67
31.25
51.67
43.06
32.29
53.33
44.44
33.33
55.00
45.83
34.38
56.67
47.22
35.42
58.33
48.61
36.46
60.00
50.00
37.50
61.67
51.39
38.54
63.33
52.78
39.58

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L/D=360 L/D=500

0.69
1.39
2.08
2.78
3.47
4.17
4.86
5.56
6.25
6.94
7.64
8.33
9.03
9.72
10.42
11.11
11.81
12.50
13.19
13.89
14.58
15.28
15.97
16.67
17.36
18.06
18.75
19.44
20.14
20.83
21.53
22.22
22.92
23.61
24.31
25.00
25.69
26.39

0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
13.00
13.50
14.00
14.50
15.00
15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50
18.00
18.50
19.00

Span/Deflection Ratio Conversion Tables (Metric) - Contd


Span
meter
9.75
10.00
10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25
11.50
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50
12.75
13.00
13.25
13.50
13.75
14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00
15.25
15.50
15.75
16.00
16.25
16.50
16.75
17.00
17.25
17.50
17.75
18.00
18.25
18.50
18.75
19.00
19.25
19.50
19.75

Span L/D=80
mm
9750 121.88
10000 125.00
10250 128.13
10500 131.25
10750 134.38
11000 137.50
11250 140.63
11500 143.75
11750 146.88
12000 150.00
12250 153.13
12500 156.25
12750 159.38
13000 162.50
13250 165.63
13500 168.75
13750 171.88
14000 175.00
14250 178.13
14500 181.25
14750 184.38
15000 187.50
15250 190.63
15500 193.75
15750 196.88
16000 200.00
16250 203.13
16500 206.25
16750 209.38
17000 212.50
17250 215.63
17500 218.75
17750 221.88
18000 225.00
18250 228.13
18500 231.25
18750 234.38
19000 237.50
19250 240.63
19500 243.75
19750 246.88

L/D=100

97.50
100.00
102.50
105.00
107.50
110.00
112.50
115.00
117.50
120.00
122.50
125.00
127.50
130.00
132.50
135.00
137.50
140.00
142.50
145.00
147.50
150.00
152.50
155.00
157.50
160.00
162.50
165.00
167.50
170.00
172.50
175.00
177.50
180.00
182.50
185.00
187.50
190.00
192.50
195.00
197.50

L/D=150 L/D=180 L/D=240


Deflection (mm)
65.00
54.17
40.63
66.67
55.56
41.67
68.33
56.94
42.71
70.00
58.33
43.75
71.67
59.72
44.79
73.33
61.11
45.83
75.00
62.50
46.88
76.67
63.89
47.92
78.33
65.28
48.96
80.00
66.67
50.00
81.67
68.06
51.04
83.33
69.44
52.08
85.00
70.83
53.13
86.67
72.22
54.17
88.33
73.61
55.21
90.00
75.00
56.25
91.67
76.39
57.29
93.33
77.78
58.33
95.00
79.17
59.38
96.67
80.56
60.42
98.33
81.94
61.46
100.00
83.33
62.50
101.67
84.72
63.54
103.33
86.11
64.58
105.00
87.50
65.63
106.67
88.89
66.67
108.33
90.28
67.71
110.00
91.67
68.75
111.67
93.06
69.79
113.33
94.44
70.83
115.00
95.83
71.88
116.67
97.22
72.92
118.33
98.61
73.96
120.00
100.00
75.00
121.67
101.39
76.04
123.33
102.78
77.08
125.00
104.17
78.13
126.67
105.56
79.17
128.33
106.94
80.21
130.00
108.33
81.25
131.67
109.72
82.29

L/D=360 L/D=500

27.08
27.78
28.47
29.17
29.86
30.56
31.25
31.94
32.64
33.33
34.03
34.72
35.42
36.11
36.81
37.50
38.19
38.89
39.58
40.28
40.97
41.67
42.36
43.06
43.75
44.44
45.14
45.83
46.53
47.22
47.92
48.61
49.31
50.00
50.69
51.39
52.08
52.78
53.47
54.17
54.86

19.50
20.00
20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50
23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00
25.50
26.00
26.50
27.00
27.50
28.00
28.50
29.00
29.50
30.00
30.50
31.00
31.50
32.00
32.50
33.00
33.50
34.00
34.50
35.00
35.50
36.00
36.50
37.00
37.50
38.00
38.50
39.00
39.50
18

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Allowable Uniform Load Tables (Metric)

Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

76.2 x 76.2 x 6.3


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa) 277.7
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 1.34E6 mm Sx= 3.52E4 mm
Maximum Lb = .61 m
Wt.= 2.42 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 4.83E2
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
20251
31296
25652
13037
9778 6519
15569
1.25
8903
20029
16417
8551
7126
5345 3563
12456
1.50
4627
13909
11401
7706
5137
4281
3211 2141
10380
1.75
2695
10219
8897
4967
3311
2759
2070 1380
8376
2.00
1703
7824
7785
3379
2253
1877
1408
939
6413
2.25
1145
6182
6920
2399
1599
1333
999
666
5067
2.50
806
5007
6228
1762
1175
979
734
489
4104
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
101.6 x 101.6 x 6.3
Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa) 156.2
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 3.35E6 mm Sx= 6.60E4 mm
Maximum Lb = .76 m
Aw= 6.45E2
Wt.= 3.26 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.25
24389
21118
30773
16081
12061 8041
16607
1.50
12157
14665
21370
11907
9923
7442 4961
13839
1.75
6805
15700
11862
7810
6509
4882 3254
10775
2.00
4148
12021
10380
8066
5378
4481
3361 2241
8249
2.25
2697
9498
9226
5775
3850
3208
2406 1604
6518
2.50
1845
7693
8304
4269
2846
2372
1779 1186
5280
2.75
1315
6358
7549
3241
2161
1801
1351
900
4363
3.00
969
5342
6920
2517
1678
1398
1049
699
3666
3.25
734
4552
6387
1992
1328
1107
830
553
3124
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
19
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

152.4 x 152.4 x 6.3


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
69.4
(N/m)
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 1.19E7 mm4 Sx= 1.56E5 mm3
Maximum Lb = 1.07 m
Aw= 9.67E3
Wt.= 4.94 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.75
30684
37128
17794
9982
11324
2.00
18167
28426
15569
7078
8670
2.25
11468
22460
13839
5179
6850
2.50
7615
18193
12456
3891
5549
2.75
5270
15035
11323
4488 2992
4586
3.00
3773
12634
10380
3519 2346
3853
3.25
2780
10765
9581
2807 1871
3283
3.50
2099
9282
8897
2273 1516
2831
3.75
1618
8086
8304
1865 1244
2466
4.00
1271
7106
7785
2065
1549 1033
2168
4.25
1014
6295
7327
1733
1300
866
1920
4.50
821
5615
6920
1468
1101
734
1713
4.75
673
5039
6556
1504
1254
940
627
1537
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

20
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

152.4 x 152.4 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa) 156.2
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 1.69E7 mm Sx= 2.22E5 mm
Maximum Lb = 1.07 m
Aw= 1.45E3
Wt.= 7.34 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.75
47707
36334
52945
21604 14403
26690
2.00
28545
27818
40536
20380
15285 10190
23354
2.25
18222
21980
32028
17863
14886
11165 7443
20759
2.50
12243
25943
18683
13406
11172
8379 5586
17804
2.75
8574
21440
16985
10297
8580
6435 4290
14714
3.00
6214
18016
15569
12101
8068
6723
5042 3362
12364
3.25
4634
15351
14372
9648
6432
5360
4020 2680
10535
3.50
3541
13236
13345
7809
5206
4338
3254 2169
9084
3.75
2763
11530
12456
6405
4270
3558
2669 1779
7913
4.00
2196
10134
11677
5316
3544
2953
2215 1477
6955
4.25
1772
8977
10990
4459
2973
2477
1858 1239
6160
4.50
1451
8007
10380
3776
2517
2098
1573 1049
5495
4.75
1202
7186
9833
3225
2150
1791
1344
896
4932
5.00
1007
6486
9342
2775
1850
1542
1156
771
4451
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

21
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

203.2 x 203.2 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
87.9
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 4.18E7 mm Sx= 4.11E5 mm
Maximum Lb = 1.52 m
Aw= 1.93E3
Wt.= 9.85 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
2.50
35405
47896
24911
12431
18489
2.75
24417
39584
22646
14538 9692
15280
3.00
17419
33261
20759
11529 7686
12840
3.25
12787
28341
19162
12375
9281 6188
10940
3.50
9618
24437
17794
10097
7573 5048
9433
3.75
7388
21287
16607
8337
6253 4169
8217
4.00
5780
18709
15569
6958
5219 3479
7222
4.25
4596
16573
14654
5864
4398 2932
6398
4.50
3707
14783
13839
4985
3739 2493
5706
4.75
3028
13268
13111
4272
3204 2136
5122
5.00
2502
11974
12456
4425
3687
2765 1844
4622
5.25
2089
10861
11862
3845
3204
2403 1602
4193
5.50
1760
9896
11323
3361
2801
2100 1400
3820
5.75
1496
9054
10831
2954
2462
1846 1231
3495
6.00
1281
8315
10380
2610
2175
1631 1088
3210
6.25
1105
7663
9964
2317
1931
1448
966
2958
6.50
960
7085
9581
2066
1722
1292
861
2735
6.75
838
6570
9226
1850
1542
1156
771
2536
7.00
736
6109
8897
1663
1386
1039
693
2358
7.25
650
5695
8590
1500
1250
938
625
2198
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

22
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

203.2 x 203.2 x 12.7


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 26.8 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa) 154.8
(N/m)
4
3
Ix= 5.36E7 mm Sx= 5.28E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Maximum Lb = 1.52 m
Wt.= 13.04 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 2.58E3
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
2.50
47633
41805
61469
31520
23640 15760
33215
2.75
33067
34550
50801
29436
24530
18398 12265
30195
3.00
23754
29031
42687
23308
19424
14568 9712
27679
3.25
17560
36372
25550
18741
15618
11713 7809
24737
3.50
13303
31362
23725
15275
12729
9547 6365
21329
3.75
10293
27320
22143
12602
10502
7877 5251
18580
4.00
8112
24011
20759
15766
10511
8759
6569 4380
16330
4.25
6497
21270
19538
13279
8853
7377
5533 3689
14465
4.50
5277
18972
18453
11283
7522
6268
4701 3134
12903
4.75
4342
17027
17481
9664
6443
5369
4027 2685
11580
5.00
3612
15367
16607
8338
5559
4632
3474 2316
10451
5.25
3036
13939
15817
7242
4828
4024
3018 2012
9480
5.50
2576
12700
15098
6329
4219
3516
2637 1758
8637
5.75
2203
11620
14441
5562
3708
3090
2318 1545
7903
6.00
1899
10672
13839
4913
3276
2730
2047 1365
7258
6.25
1648
9835
13286
4361
2907
2423
1817 1211
6689
6.50
1439
9093
12775
3888
2592
2160
1620 1080
6184
6.75
1265
8432
12302
3481
2321
1934
1450
967
5735
7.00
1117
7840
11862
3129
2086
1738
1304
869
5332
7.25
991
7309
11453
2822
1881
1568
1176
784
4971
7.50
884
6830
11072
2554
1702
1419
1064
709
4645
7.75
792
6396
10714
2318
1546
1288
966
644
4350
8.00
712
6003
10380
2111
1407
1173
880
586
4083
8.25
642
5645
10065
1928
1285
1071
803
535
3839
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

23
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

254 x 254 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
56.2
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 8.34E7 mm Sx= 6.75E5 mm
Maximum Lb = 1.83 m
Aw= 2.42E3
Wt.= 12.37 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
3.50
22335
39046
22242
9413
9647
3.75
17043
34014
20759
7833
8403
4.00
13243
29895
19462
6580
7386
4.25
10456
26481
18317
5577
6542
4.50
8373
23621
17299
4764
5836
4.75
6790
21200
16389
4099
5237
5.00
5570
19133
15569
3551
4727
5.25
4616
17354
14828
3095
4287
5.50
3861
15812
14154
2713
3906
5.75
3257
14467
13539
2390
3574
6.00
2769
13287
12974
3175 2117
3283
6.25
2371
12245
12456
2824 1883
3025
6.50
2044
11321
11976
2523 1682
2797
6.75
1773
10498
11533
2263 1508
2594
7.00
1546
9762
11121
2037 1358
2412
7.25
1356
9100
10738
1839 1226
2248
7.50
1195
8503
10380
1667 1111
2101
7.75
1057
7964
10045
1515 1010
1967
8.00
940
7474
9731
1841
1381
921
1846
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

24
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

254 x 254 x 12.7


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 26.8 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
99.1
(N/m)
4
3
Ix= 1.08E8 mm
Sx= 8.5E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Maximum Lb = 1.83 m
Wt.= 16.40 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 3.22E3
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
3.00
54350
68763
34599
26910 17940
29930
3.25
39798
58591
31937
21870 14580
25502
3.50
29857
50520
29656
17985 11990
21989
3.75
22874
44008
27679
14950 9967
19155
4.00
17847
38679
25949
16731
12548 8365
16836
4.25
14151
34262
24423
14168
10626 7084
14913
4.50
11381
30561
23066
12094
9071 6047
13302
4.75
9271
27429
21852
10401
7801 5200
11939
5.00
7639
24755
20759
9005
6754 4503
10775
5.25
6360
22453
19771
9415
7845
5884 3923
9773
5.50
5344
20458
18872
8249
6874
5156 3437
8905
5.75
4530
18718
18051
7267
6056
4542 3028
8147
6.00
3869
17191
17299
6433
5361
4020 2680
7482
6.25
3329
15843
16607
5720
4767
3575 2384
6896
6.50
2883
14648
15969
5109
4257
3193 2129
6376
6.75
2512
13583
15377
4580
3817
2863 1909
5912
7.00
2201
12630
14828
4122
3435
2576 1718
5497
7.25
1938
11774
14317
3722
3102
2327 1551
5125
7.50
1716
11002
13839
3373
2810
2108 1405
4789
7.75
1525
10304
13393
3065
2554
1916 1277
4485
8.00
1362
9670
12974
4190
2793
2328
1746 1164
4209
8.25
1221
9093
12581
3829
2553
2127
1595 1064
3958
8.50
1098
8566
12211
3508
2339
1949
1462
975
3728
8.75
992
8083
11862
3222
2148
1790
1343
895
3518
9.00
898
7640
11533
2966
1977
1648
1236
824
3326
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

25
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


Wide Flange Sections

304.8 x 304.8 x 12.7


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 26.8 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
68.8
(N/m)
4
3
Ix= 1.90E8 mm Sx= 1.25E6 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Maximum Lb = 2.13 m
Wt.= 19.75 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 3.87E3
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
3.50
59885
74226
35587
19579
22436
3.75
45668
64659
33215
16407
19544
4.00
35463
56829
31139
13868
17178
4.25
27980
50340
29307
11814
15216
4.50
22391
44902
27679
15206 10138
13572
4.75
18146
40300
26222
13137 8758
12181
5.00
14873
36371
24911
11419 7613
10994
5.25
12316
32989
23725
9984 6656
9972
5.50
10294
30058
22646
8775 5850
9086
5.75
8678
27502
21662
7751 5167
8313
6.00
7372
25257
20759
6878 4585
7634
6.25
6308
23277
19929
6130 4087
7036
6.50
5433
21521
19162
5485 3657
6505
6.75
4708
19957
18453
4927 3284
6032
7.00
4103
18556
17794
4441 2960
5609
7.25
3595
17299
17180
4016 2677
5229
7.50
3165
16165
16607
4858
3643 2429
4886
7.75
2799
15139
16072
4420
3315 2210
4576
8.00
2486
14207
15569
4033
3024 2016
4294
8.25
2217
13359
15098
3689
2767 1844
4038
8.50
1985
12585
14654
3383
2537 1692
3804
8.75
1783
11876
14235
3110
2332 1555
3590
9.00
1607
11226
13839
2865
2149 1432
3393
9.25
1454
10627
13465
3174
2645
1984 1323
3212
9.50
1318
10075
13111
2936
2447
1835 1223
3045
9.75
1199
9565
12775
2722
2268
1701 1134
2891
10.00
1094
9093
12456
2527
2106
1579 1053
2748
10.25
1000
8655
12152
2351
1959
1469
979
2616
10.50
917
8247
11862
2190
1825
1369
913
2493
10.75
842
7868
11587
2044
1703
1278
852
2378
11.00
776
7515
11323
1910
1592
1194
796
2271
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
26
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

76.2 x 38.1 x 6.3


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa) 1,009.1
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 7.51E5 mm Sx= 1.97E4 mm
Maximum Lb = .30 m
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 4.84E2 mm2 Wt.= 1.58 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.75
9938
112847
25453
20700
17250
12937 8625
20759
1.00
3731
63476
15569
14182
9455
7879
5909 3939
14317
1.25
1791
40625
12456
7550
5033
4194
3146 2097
9163
1.50
997
28212
10380
4466
2977
2481
1861 1240
6363
1.75
612
20727
8897
2850
1900
1583
1188
792
4675
2.00
403
15869
7785
1926
1284
1070
803
535
3579
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
101.6 x 50.8 x 6.3
Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
567.6
(N/m)
4
3
Ix= 1.89E6 mm Sx= 3.71E4 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Maximum Lb = .38 m
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 6.45E2 mm2 Wt.= 2.14 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.25
3954
43227
17333
11919
9933
7449 4966
16607
1.50
2104
30019
13839
10759
7173
5977
4483 2989
12037
1.75
1250
22055
11862
6943
4628
3857
2893 1928
8844
2.00
803
16886
10380
4727
3151
2626
1969 1313
6771
2.25
547
13342
9226
3357
2238
1865
1399
933
5350
2.50
389
10807
8304
2467
1645
1371
1028
685
4333
2.75
287
8931
7549
1865
1243
1036
777
518
3581
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

27
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

152.4 x 76.2 x 6.3


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
252.3
(N/m)
Ix= 6.73E6 mm4 Sx= 8.83E4 mm3
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Maximum Lb = .53 m
Aw= 9.68E2 mm2 Wt.= 3.26 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.25
15504
45618
41157
22664 15109
24911
1.50
7739
31679
28582
18963
14223 9482
20759
1.75
4338
23275
20999
15099
12582
9437 6291
17794
2.00
2648
17820
16077
10480
8733
6550 4367
15569
2.25
1724
14080
13839
11320
7547
6289
4717 3145
12703
2.50
1181
11405
12456
8405
5603
4669
3502 2335
10289
2.75
843
9425
11323
6402
4268
3557
2668 1778
8504
3.00
622
7920
10380
4984
3323
2769
2077 1384
7145
3.25
472
6748
9581
3953
2635
2196
1647 1098
6088
3.50
366
5819
8897
3186
2124
1770
1327
885
5250
3.75
290
5069
8304
2604
1736
1447
1085
723
4573
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

28
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

152.4 x 76.2 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
567.6
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 9.55E6 mm Sx= 1.25E5 mm
Maximum Lb = .53 m
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 1.45E3 mm2 Wt.= 4.82 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.50
13098
101033
40513
27176
20382 13588
31139
1.75
7543
74228
29764
21586
17988
13491 8994
26690
2.00
4722
56831
23354
22436
14957
12464
9348 6232
22788
2.25
3147
44904
20759
16137
10758
8965
6724 4482
18006
2.50
2201
36372
18683
11970
7980
6650
4988 3325
14585
2.75
1600
30059
16985
9111
6074
5062
3796 2531
12053
3.00
1200
25258
15569
7089
4726
3938
2954 1969
10128
3.25
924
21522
14372
5620
3747
3122
2342 1561
8630
3.50
727
18557
13345
4528
3019
2516
1887 1258
7441
3.75
582
16165
12456
3700
2467
2056
1542 1028
6482
4.00
474
14208
11677
3062
2041
1701
1276
851
5697
4.25
391
12585
10990
2562
1708
1423
1067
712
5047
4.50
326
11226
10380
2164
1443
1202
902
601
4501
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

29
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

203.2 x 101.6 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 26.9 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
319.3
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 2.36E7 mm Sx= 2.32E5 mm
Maximum Lb = .76 m
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 1.93E3 mm2 Wt.= 6.50 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.75
2.00

19722
11929

77495
59332

55243
42296

35587
31139

28131

29765
21098

19843
14066

2.25

7699

46880

33419

27679

2.50

5230

37973

27069

24911

24692

20577

15432

10288

18551

15459

11594

7729

2.75

3702

31382

22371

22646

3.00

2711

26370

18798

20759

21390

14260

11883

8912

5942

16771

11181

9317

6988

4659

3.25

2042

22469

16017

3.50

1575

19374

13811

19162

13377

8918

7432

5574

3716

17794

10832

7221

6018

4513

3009

3.75

1240

16877

4.00

994

14833

12031

16607

8888

5925

4938

3703

2469

10574

15569

7379

4920

4100

3075

2050

4.25

809

4.50

667

13139

9367

14654

6191

4128

3440

2580

1720

11720

8355

13839

5244

3496

2913

2185

1457

4.75
5.00

556

10519

7498

13111

4479

2986

2488

1866

1244

469

9493

6767

12456

3855

2570

2142

1606

1071

5.25

399

8611

6138

11862

3341

2228

1856

1392

928

5.50

343

7846

5593

11323

2915

1943

1619

1214

810

5.75

296

7178

5117

10831

2557

1705

1421

1066

710

Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

30
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

203.2 x 101.6 x 12.7


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 26.9 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
562.7
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 3.02E7 mm Sx= 2.97E5 mm
Maximum Lb = .76 m
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 2.58E3 mm2 Wt.= 8.57 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
2.00
17098
133623
54048
35495
26621 17748
41518
2.25
11212
105579
42704
31087
25906
19429 12953
36905
2.50
7732
85519
34591
23315
19429
14572 9715
33215
2.75
5551
70677
30195
26848
17899
14916
11187 7458
28587
3.00
4118
59388
27679
21028
14019
11682
8762 5841
24021
3.25
3139
50603
25550
16759
11173
9311
6983 4655
20468
3.50
2448
43632
23725
13561
9041
7534
5650 3767
17648
3.75
1946
38008
22143
11121
7414
6179
4634 3089
15374
4.00
1573
33406
20759
9229
6153
5127
3845 2564
13512
4.25
1291
29591
19538
7740
5160
4300
3225 2150
11969
4.50
1072
26395
18453
6553
4369
3641
2731 1820
10676
4.75
900
23689
17481
5596
3731
3109
2332 1554
9582
5.00
764
21380
16607
4815
3210
2675
2006 1338
8648
5.25
653
19392
15817
4173
2782
2318
1739 1159
7844
5.50
564
17669
15098
3639
2426
2022
1516 1011
7147
5.75
490
16166
14441
3192
2128
1774
1330
887
6539
6.00
428
14847
13839
2816
1877
1564
1173
782
6005
6.25
377
13683
13286
2496
1664
1387
1040
693
5534
6.50
333
12651
12775
2222
1482
1235
926
617
5117
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

31
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

254 x 127 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 27.5 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
204.3
(N/m)
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 4.73E7 mm Sx= 3.72E5 mm
Maximum Lb = .91 m
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 2.42E3 mm2 Wt.= 8.17 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
2.50
11362
38922
43353
28702
21527 14351
31139
2.75
7908
32167
35829
26777
22314
16735 11157
28308
3.00
5696
27029
30106
21185
17654
13241 8827
25949
3.25
4222
25653
23953
17022
14185
10639 7093
23031
3.50
3207
22119
22242
13867
11556
8667 5778
19858
3.75
2488
19268
20759
17152
11435
9529
7147 4765
17299
4.00
1966
16935
19462
14300
9533
7944
5958 3972
15204
4.25
1578
15001
18317
12040
8027
6689
5017 3344
13468
4.50
1285
13380
17299
10227
6818
5682
4261 2841
12013
4.75
1060
12009
16389
8758
5839
4866
3649 2433
10782
5.00
884
10838
15569
7555
5036
4197
3148 2099
9730
5.25
745
9831
14828
6561
4374
3645
2734 1822
8826
5.50
633
8957
14154
5732
3822
3185
2388 1592
8042
5.75
542
8195
13539
5037
3358
2798
2099 1399
7358
6.00
468
7527
12974
4449
2966
2472
1854 1236
6757
6.25
407
6936
12456
3948
2632
2194
1645 1097
6227
6.50
356
6413
11976
3520
2347
1956
1467
978
5758
6.75
314
5947
11533
3151
2101
1751
1313
875
5339
7.00
277
5530
11121
2832
1888
1573
1180
787
4965
7.25
247
5155
10738
2554
1703
1419
1064
709
4628
7.50
220
4817
10380
2311
1541
1284
963
642
4325
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

32
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

254 x 127 x 12.7


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 26.9 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa) 360.1
(N/m)
3
4
Sx= 4.80E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Ix= 6.10E7 mm
Maximum Lb = 1.07 m
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 3.22E3 mm2 Wt.= 10.81 kg/lm
Allowable Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity,
capacity, 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
2.5x Safety
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
Factor
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
2.50
15828
88472
55914
36495
27371 18247
41518
2.75
11135
73117
46210
33992
28326
21245 14163
37744
3.00
8105
61439
38829
26858
22382
16786 11191
34599
3.25
6071
52350
33085
21558
17965
13474 8983
31937
3.50
4658
45139
29656
26319
17546
14622
10966 7311
28527
3.75
3649
39321
27679
21688
14459
12049
9037 6024
24851
4.00
2910
34559
25949
18070
12047
10039
7529 5020
21841
4.25
2358
30613
24423
15206
10138
8448
6336 4224
19347
4.50
1936
27306
23066
12912
8608
7173
5380 3587
17257
4.75
1610
24507
21852
11052
7368
6140
4605 3070
15489
5.00
1353
22118
20759
9531
6354
5295
3971 2647
13978
5.25
1148
20062
19771
8274
5516
4597
3448 2298
12679
5.50
982
18279
18872
7228
4819
4015
3012 2008
11552
5.75
847
16724
18051
6350
4233
3528
2646 1764
10570
6.00
736
15360
17299
5607
3738
3115
2336 1558
9707
6.25
643
14155
16607
4976
3317
2764
2073 1382
8946
6.50
566
13088
15969
4435
2957
2464
1848 1232
8271
6.75
500
12136
15377
3970
2646
2205
1654 1103
7670
7.00
445
11285
14828
3567
2378
1982
1486
991
7132
7.25
397
10520
14317
3217
2144
1787
1340
893
6648
7.50
356
9830
13839
2911
1940
1617
1213
808
6213
7.75
320
9206
13393
2642
1761
1468
1101
734
5818
8.00
289
8640
12974
2405
1604
1336
1002
668
5460
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

33
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex SuperStructural Profiles


I-Sections

304.8 x 152.4 x 12.7


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
Loads at various L/D ratios
E= 26.9 GPa
G =3.4 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa) 250.1
(N/m)
4
3
Ix= 1.08E8 mm
Sx= 7.07E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Maximum Lb = 1.07 m
Aw= 3.87E3 mm2 Wt.= 13.04 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Allowable Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity,
capacity, 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2.5x Safety Factor
2.5x Safety
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
Factor
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
3.00
15119
62826
57176
37161
27871 18581
41518
3.25
11185
53532
48718
36077
30064
22548 15032
38325
3.50
8480
46158
42007
29556
24630
18473 12315
35587
3.75
6566
40209
36593
24489
20408
15306 10204
33215
4.00
5178
35340
32162
30748
20499
17082
12812 8541
31139
4.25
4150
31304
29307
25977
17318
14431
10824 7216
28489
4.50
3374
27923
27679
22130
14754
12295
9221 6147
25412
4.75
2777
25061
26222
18998
12666
10555
7916 5277
22807
5.00
2312
22617
24911
16424
10949
9125
6843 4562
20584
5.25
1945
20515
23725
14290
9527
7939
5954 3969
18670
5.50
1651
18692
22646
12507
8338
6948
5211 3474
17011
5.75
1413
17102
21662
11006
7337
6114
4586 3057
15564
6.00
1218
15706
20759
9733
6489
5407
4056 2704
14294
6.25
1058
14475
19929
8649
5766
4805
3604 2402
13173
6.50
925
13383
19162
7718
5145
4288
3216 2144
12180
6.75
813
12410
18453
6916
4610
3842
2881 1921
11294
7.00
718
11539
17794
6220
4147
3455
2592 1728
10502
7.25
638
10757
17180
5614
3743
3119
2339 1559
9790
7.50
569
10052
16607
5084
3389
2824
2118 1412
9148
7.75
510
9414
16072
4618
3079
2565
1924 1283
8568
8.00
458
8835
15569
4207
2805
2337
1753 1169
8040
8.25
414
8308
15098
3843
2562
2135
1601 1068
7561
8.50
375
7826
14654
3520
2347
1956
1467
978
7122
8.75
341
7385
14235
3232
2155
1796
1347
898
6721
9.00
310
6981
13839
2974
1983
1652
1239
826
6353
9.25
284
6608
13465
2743
1829
1524
1143
762
6014
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

34
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

E=19.3 GPa
Aw=363 mm2
76.2 x 25.4 x 4.8 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=0.92 kg/lm
Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series
Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
*15012
10186
0.75
*10008
8242
6869
5151
3434
1.00
*7506
5480
3654
3045
2283
1522
1.25
4810
2873
1916
1596
1197
798
1.50
3341
1685
1123
936
702
468
1.75
2454
1070
713
594
446
297
2.00
1879
720
480
400
300
200
2.25
1485
508
338
282
212
141
2.50
1203
371
247
206
155
103
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

Aw=484 mm2
Wt.=1.46
kg/lm
Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
L/D
100
150
180
240
360
16299
11302
8477
5651
9126
6084
5070
3803
2535
4814
3209
2674
2006
1337
2832
1888
1573
1180
787
1802
1201
1001
751
500
1215
810
675
506
337
857
571
476
357
238
627
418
348
261
174
472
315
262
197
131
364
243
202
152
101
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

E=19.3 GPa
G=2.9 GPa

76.2 x 38.1 x 6.4 mm


Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
0.50
*20016
0.75
*13344
1.00
*10008
1.25
*8006
1.50
5674
1.75
4168
2.00
3191
2.25
2522
2.50
2043
2.75
1688
3.00
1418
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.

35
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

Aw=323 mm2
Wt.=.79 kg/lm

E=19.3 GPa
G=2.9 GPa

101.6 x 27.0 x 3.2 mm

Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series


Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span
Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
0.75
*8896
7328
4885
1.00
*6672
5360
4467
3350
2233
1.25
*5338
4282
2855
2379
1784
1190
1.50
3871
2534
1689
1408
1056
704
1.75
2844
1617
1078
899
674
449
2.00
2177
1093
729
607
456
304
2.25
1720
773
515
429
322
215
2.50
1393
566
377
314
236
157
2.75
1152
426
284
237
178
118
3.00
968
329
220
183
137
91
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.

Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

Aw=645 mm2
Wt.=1.53 kg/lm

E=19.3 GPa
G=2.9 GPa

101.6 x 28.6 x 6.4 mm


Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series
Span
Maximum Load Laterally Supported
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75

*13344
10003
6946
5103
3907
3087
2501
2067
1737
1480
1276
1111

Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)


L/D
100
150
180
240
360
9726
8105
6079
4053
7742
5161
4301
3226
2151
4571
3047
2539
1904
1270
2914
1943
1617
1214
809
1968
1312
1093
820
547
1390
926
772
579
386
1017
678
565
424
283
766
511
426
319
213
592
394
329
247
164
466
311
259
194
130
374
249
208
156
104
304
203
169
127
85

*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.

Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

36
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

Aw=484 mm2
Wt.=1.49 kg/lm

E=19.3 GPa
G=2.9 GPa

101.6 x 44.5 x 4.8 mm

Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series


Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span
Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
*10008
9153
6865
4577
1.25
*8006
5938
4948
3711
2474
1.50
*6672
5316
3544
2953
2215
1477
1.75
*5719
3412
2275
1896
1422
948
2.00
4653
2315
1543
1286
964
643
2.25
3676
1640
1093
911
683
456
2.50
2978
1203
802
668
501
334
2.75
2461
908
605
504
378
252
3.00
2068
702
468
390
292
195
3.25
1762
554
369
308
231
154
3.50
1519
444
296
247
185
123
3.75
1324
362
241
201
151
101
4.00
1163
299
199
166
124
83
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.

Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure

E=19.3 GPa
Aw=806 mm2
127.0 x 34.9 x 6.4 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=1.95 kg/lm
Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series
Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
*16680
15760
11820
7880
1.25
*13344
10243
8536
6402
4268
1.50
*11120
9180
6120
5100
3825
2550
1.75
8454
5896
3931
3276
2457
1638
2.00
6472
4002
2668
2223
1667
1112
2.25
5114
2836
1891
1576
1182
788
2.50
4142
2081
1387
1156
867
578
2.75
3423
1571
1047
873
655
436
3.00
2877
1215
810
675
506
337
3.25
2451
958
639
532
399
266
3.50
2113
769
513
427
320
214
3.75
1841
626
418
348
261
174
4.00
1618
517
345
287
215
144
4.25
1433
431
288
240
180
120
4.50
1278
364
243
202
152
101
4.75
1147
310
206
172
129
86
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

37
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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

E=19.3 GPa
Aw=968 mm2
152.4 x 41.3 x 6.4 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=2.37 kg/lm

Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series


Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
*20016
19557
13038
1.25
*16013
14439
10829
7219
1.50
*13344
10492
8743
6557
4371
1.75
*11438
10195
6797
5664
4248
2832
2.00
9574
6960
4640
3867
2900
1933
2.25
7565
4953
3302
2751
2064
1376
2.50
6128
3645
2430
2025
1519
1012
2.75
5064
2758
1839
1532
1149
766
3.00
4255
2136
1424
1187
890
593
3.25
3626
1687
1125
937
703
469
3.50
3126
1355
904
753
565
376
3.75
2723
1105
737
614
460
307
4.00
2394
912
608
507
380
253
4.25
2120
762
508
423
318
212
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.
E=19.3 GPa
Aw=1452 mm2
152.4 x 42.9 x 9.5 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=3.47 kg/lm

Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series


Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
*30024
27704
18469
1.25
*24019
20362
15271
10181
1.50
*20016
14754
12295
9222
6148
1.75
*17157
14312
9541
7951
5963
3976
2.00
13362
9758
6506
5421
4066
2711
2.25
10558
6938
4625
3854
2891
1927
2.50
8552
5103
3402
2835
2126
1417
2.75
7068
3859
2573
2144
1608
1072
3.00
5939
2988
1992
1660
1245
830
3.25
5060
2359
1573
1311
983
655
3.50
4363
1895
1263
1053
790
526
3.75
3801
1545
1030
858
644
429
4.00
3341
1275
850
708
531
354
4.25
2959
1065
710
592
444
296
4.50
2639
899
599
499
374
250
4.75
2369
765
510
425
319
212
5.00
2138
657
438
364
274
182
5.25
1939
568
378
315
237
158
5.50
1767
494
329
275
206
137
5.75
1617
433
288
240
180
120
6.00
1485
381
254
212
159
106
6.25
1368
337
225
187
141
94
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.
38
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

E=19.3 GPa
Aw= 1048 mm2
177.8 x 50.8 x 6.3 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.= 2.87 kg/lm

Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series


Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.25
*17355
14170
9446
1.50
*14462
12225
9169
6112
1.75
*12396
9947
8289
6217
4144
2.00
*10847
10519
7013
5844
4383
2922
2.25
*9642
7663
5109
4257
3193
2129
2.50
*8677
5739
3826
3189
2391
1594
2.75
7385
4401
2934
2445
1834
1223
3.00
6206
3444
2296
1913
1435
957
3.25
5288
2743
1829
1524
1143
762
3.50
4559
2218
1479
1232
924
616
3.75
3972
1818
1212
1010
758
505
4.00
3491
1508
1006
838
629
419
4.25
3092
1265
843
703
527
351
4.50
2758
1070
714
595
446
297
4.75
2475
914
609
508
381
254
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure
E=19.3 GPa
Aw=1290 mm2
203.2 x 55.6 x 6.4 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=3.24 kg/lm
Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series
Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.25
*21350
16144
1.50
*17792
15138
10092
1.75
*15250
13356
10017
6678
2.00
*13344
11104
9253
6940
4627
2.25
*11681
7985
6654
4991
3327
2.50
*10675
8884
5923
4936
3702
2468
2.75
9592
6762
4508
3757
2817
1878
3.00
8060
5261
3507
2923
2192
1461
3.25
6868
4170
2780
2317
1738
1158
3.50
5921
3360
2240
1867
1400
933
3.75
5158
2746
1830
1525
1144
763
4.00
4534
2272
1515
1262
947
631
4.25
4016
1901
1267
1056
792
528
4.50
3582
1606
1071
892
669
446
4.75
3215
1369
913
760
570
380
5.00
2902
1176
784
653
490
327
5.25
2632
1018
679
565
424
283
5.50
2398
887
591
493
369
246
5.75
2194
777
518
432
324
216
6.00
2015
685
456
380
285
190
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.
39
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

E=19.3 GPa
Aw=1935 mm2
203.2 x 55.6 x 9.5 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=4.72 kg/lm

Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series


Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
Wb or *Wv
(meter)
100
150
180
240
360
1.50
*26688
21312
14208
1.75
*22875
22495
18764
14060
9373
2.00
*20016
15550
12958
9719
6479
2.25
*17792
16748
11165
9304
6978
4652
2.50
*16013
12407
8271
6893
5170
3446
2.75
13315
9435
6290
5242
3931
2621
3.00
11188
7335
4890
4075
3056
2038
3.25
9533
5811
3874
3229
2421
1614
3.50
8220
4680
3120
2600
1950
1300
3.75
7160
3823
2549
2124
1593
1062
4.00
6293
3162
2108
1757
1318
878
4.25
5575
2645
1763
1469
1102
735
4.50
4973
2234
1490
1241
931
621
4.75
4463
1904
1269
1058
793
529
5.00
4028
1636
1091
909
682
454
5.25
3653
1415
944
786
590
393
5.50
3329
1233
822
685
514
342
5.75
3046
1080
720
600
450
300
6.00
2797
952
635
529
397
264
6.25
2578
843
562
468
351
234
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

40
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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

E=19.3 GPa
Aw=3226 mm2
254 x 69.9 x 12.7 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=7.83 kg/lm

Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series


Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.50
*44480
33458
1.75
*38126
33770
22514
2.00
*33360
31569
23677
15785
2.25
*29653
27484
22903
17177
11452
2.50
*26688
20520
17100
12825
8550
2.75
*24262
23546
15697
13081
9811
6540
3.00
*22240
18391
12260
10217
7663
5109
3.25
19631
14625
9750
8125
6094
4062
3.50
16927
11813
7875
6563
4922
3281
3.75
14745
9673
6449
5374
4030
2687
4.00
12960
8018
5345
4454
3341
2227
4.25
11480
6717
4478
3732
2799
1866
4.50
10240
5682
3788
3157
2368
1578
4.75
9190
4848
3232
2694
2020
1347
5.00
8294
4169
2780
2316
1737
1158
5.25
7523
3611
2407
2006
1505
1003
5.50
6855
3148
2099
1749
1312
874
5.75
6272
2760
1840
1533
1150
767
6.00
5760
2434
1622
1352
1014
676
6.25
5308
2156
1438
1198
898
599
6.50
4908
1920
1280
1066
800
533
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

41
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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Channels

E=19.3 GPa
Aw=3548 mm2
292.1 x 69.9 x 12.7 mm
G=2.9 GPa
Wt.=8.69 kg/lm
Pultex 1500/1525/1625 Series
Governed by Deflection (Laterally Supported) (N/m)
Span Maximum Load Laterally Supported
L/D
(meter)
Wb or *Wv
100
150
180
240
360
1.75
*41938
30524
2.00
*36696
32453
21635
2.25
*32619
31649
23737
15824
2.50
*29357
28532
23776
17832
11888
2.75
*26688
21932
18276
13707
9138
3.00
*24464
17195
14329
10747
7165
3.25
*22582
20573
13716
11430
8572
5715
3.50
*20969
16659
11106
9255
6941
4627
3.75
18385
13669
9113
7594
5696
3797
4.00
16159
11349
7566
6305
4729
3152
4.25
14313
9522
6348
5290
3967
2645
4.50
12767
8064
5376
4480
3360
2240
4.75
11459
6888
4592
3827
2870
1913
5.00
10341
5928
3952
3294
2470
1647
5.25
9380
5138
3426
2855
2141
1427
5.50
8547
4482
2988
2490
1868
1245
5.75
7820
3933
2622
2185
1639
1092
6.00
7182
3469
2313
1927
1445
964
6.25
6619
3075
2050
1708
1281
854
6.50
6119
2739
1826
1522
1141
761
6.75
5674
2449
1633
1361
1021
680
7.00
5276
2199
1466
1222
916
611
7.25
4919
1982
1321
1101
826
551
7.50
4596
1792
1195
996
747
498
7.75
4304
1626
1084
903
678
452
*Wv - Maximum Load Governed by Shear.
Wb - Maximum Load Governed by Flexure.

42
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Square Tubes

38.1 x 38.1 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
996.5
Loads at various L/D ratios
4
3
Ix= 1.38E5 mm Sx= 7.25E3 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 4.83E2 mm2 Wt.= 1.38 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
91935
31139
17191
11461
9551
7163 4775
20999
0.75
40860
20759
5320
3547
2956
2217 1478
9333
1.00
22984
15569
2280
1520
1267
950
633
5250
1.25
14710
12456
1176
784
653
490
327
3360
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
44.5 x 44.5 x 3.2
Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
183.0
Loads at various L/D ratios
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 1.45E5 mm4 Sx= 6.52E3 mm3
2
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 2.82E2 mm Wt.= .89 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
19090
18164
11438
9531
7149 4766
15351
0.75
8484
12110
5483
3655
3046
2285 1523
6823
1.00
4772
9082
2379
1586
1321
991
661
3838
1.25
3054
7266
1234
823
686
514
343
2456
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

43
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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Square Tubes

44.5 x 44.5 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
732.1
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 2.36E5 mm Sx= 1.10E4 mm
Aw= 5.64E2 mm2 Wt.= 1.66 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
103511
36329
28638
19092
15910
11933 7955
32181
0.75
46005
24219
9035
6023
5019
3765 2510
14302
1.00
25878
18164
3900
2600
2167
1625 1083
8045
1.25
16562
14531
2018
1346
1121
841
561
5149
1.50
11501
12110
1175
783
653
490
326
3576
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
50.8 x 50.8 x 3.2
Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
140.1
Loads at various L/D ratios
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 2.22E5 mm4 Sx= 8.73E3 mm3
2
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 3.22E2 mm Wt.= 1.03 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
20759
13843
10382 6922
15573
0.75
11242
13839
5424
4520
3390 2260
6921
1.00
6323
10380
3560
2373
1978
1483
989
3893
1.25
4047
8304
1854
1236
1030
773
515
2492
1.50
2810
6920
1083
722
602
451
301
1730
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

44
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Square Tubes

50.8 x 50.8 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
560.5
Loads at various L/D ratios
4
3
Ix= 3.71E5 mm Sx= 1.46E4 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 6.45E2 mm2 Wt.= 1.93 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
0.75

104602
46490

42475
18878

41518
27679

13845

28661
9230

23884
7691

17913
5769

11942
3846

1.00

26150

10619

20759

6024

4016

3347

2510

1673

1.25

16736

6796

16607

3130

2086

1739

1304

869

1.50

11622

4719

13839

1826

1217

1014

761

507

Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
53.6 x 53.6 x 5.1
Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
322.3
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 3.78E5 mm Sx= 1.41E4 mm
Aw= 5.44E2 mm2 Wt.= 1.66 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
58120
41043
28440
23700
17775 11850
35042
0.75
25831
23361
13951
9300
7750
5813 3875
18241
1.00
14530
17521
6107
4071
3393
2545 1696
10261
1.25
9299
14017
3182
2122
1768
1326
884
6567
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

45
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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Square Tubes

63.5 x 63.5 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
358.7
Loads at various L/D ratios
4
3
Ix= 7.92E5 mm Sx= 2.49E4 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 8.06E2 mm2 Wt.= 2.50 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
114484
72636
46278
34708 23139
51898
0.75
50882
34599
28170
18780
15650
11738 7825
32283
1.00
28621
25949
12503
8335
6946
5210 3473
18159
1.25
18317
20759
6560
4373
3644
2733 1822
11622
1.50
12720
17299
3848
2565
2138
1603 1069
8071
1.75
9346
14828
2443
1629
1357
1018
679
5930
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
76.2 x 76.2 x 6.4
Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
249.1
Loads at various L/D ratios
Ix= 1.44E6 mm4 Sx= 3.79E4 mm3
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
2
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 9.68E2 mm Wt.= 3.06 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
120811
110377
56782 37855
62278
0.75
53694
49056
32387
26989
20242 13495
41518
1.00
30203
31139
22064
14709
12258
9193 6129
27594
1.25
19330
24911
11712
7808
6506
4880 3253
17660
1.50
13423
20759
6915
4610
3842
2881 1921
12264
1.75
9862
17794
4409
2939
2449
1837 1225
9010
2.00
7551
15569
2978
1985
1654
1241
827
6899
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

46
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Square Tubes

101.6 x 101.6 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
140.1
Loads at various L/D ratios
4
3
Ix= 3.46E6 mm Sx= 7.17E4 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 1.29E3 mm2 Wt.= 4.17 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
0.50
128490
208699
75111
83037
0.75
57107
92755
44585 29723
55358
1.00
52175
41518
28417
21313 14208
32122
1.25
33392
33215
18605
15504
11628 7752
20558
1.50
23189
27679
11165
9304
6978 4652
14277
1.75
17037
23725
7191
5993
4495 2996
10489
2.00
13044
20759
7335
4890
4075
3056 2038
8031
2.25
10306
18453
5205
3470
2892
2169 1446
6345
2.50
8348
16607
3823
2549
2124
1593 1062
5140
2.75
6899
15098
2888
1926
1605
1203
802
4248
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

47
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

111.8 x 36.3 x 3.3


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
257.7
Loads at various L/D ratios
Ix= 1.20E6 mm4 Sx= 2.15E4 mm3
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Wt.= 1.53 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 7.38E2
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally
compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
17695
23749
12141
10117
7588 5059
15630
1.25
11325
18999
9696
6464
5387
4040 2693
10003
1.50
7864
15832
5735
3823
3186
2390 1593
6947
1.75
5778
13571
3661
2440
2034
1525 1017
5104
2.00
4424
11874
2474
1649
1374
1031
687
3907
2.25
3495
10555
1748
1165
971
728
486
3087
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load
120.4 x 43.7 x 3.2
Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
166.4
Loads at various L/D ratios
Ix= 1.75E6 mm4
Sx= 2.9E4 mm3
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Wt.= 1.74 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 7.64E2
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
21118
24600
14098
10574 7049
15437
1.25
13516
19680
9133
7611
5708 3805
9880
1.50
9386
16400
5446
4538
3404 2269
6861
1.75
6896
14057
3494
2911
2184 1456
5041
2.00
5280
12300
3554
2369
1974
1481
987
3859
2.25
4171
10933
2517
1678
1398
1049
699
3049
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

48
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

128.8 x 50.8 x 3.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
138.4
Loads at various L/D ratios
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 2.35E6 mm4 Sx= 3.65E4 mm3
Aw= 8.63E2
Wt.= 2.01 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
26606
27786
13845 9230
16175
1.25
17028
22229
10053
7539 5026
10352
1.50
11825
18524
6026
4519 3013
7189
1.75
8688
15878
4654
3878
2909 1939
5282
2.00
6652
13893
3163
2636
1977 1318
4044
2.25
5256
12349
2244
1870
1402
935
3195
2.50
4257
11114
2471
1648
1373
1030
687
2588
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

49
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

152.4 x 50.8 x 3.4 Multicell


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
122.1
Ix= 3.89E6 mm4 Sx= 5.10E4 mm3
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
Wt.= 2.66 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
Aw= 8.64E2
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
1.25
23748
24911
12737
1.50
16491
20759
8845
1.75
12116
17794
6498
2.00
9276
15569
4975
2.25
7330
13839
3931
2.50
5937
12456
3184
2.75
4907
11323
2632
3.00
4123
10380
2211
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

Simply Supported beam with


Loads at various L/D ratios
(N/m)
L/D ratio

150

3644
2684
2033
1575

180

6230
4261
3036
2237
1694
1313

240
11828
7193
4673
3196
2277
1678
1270
984

50
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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360
7885
4795
3115
2131
1518
1118
847
656

Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

50.8 x 152.3 x 3.4 Multicell


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
22.2
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Sx= 3.49E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 6.71E5mm
Aw= 5.54E2
Wt.= 2.66 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.25
12294
14282
5502
3668
3057
2293 1528
8828
1.50
8537
11902
3237
2158
1798
1349
899
6131
1.75
6272
10202
2059
1373
1144
858
572
4504
2.00
4802
8926
1389
926
771
579
386
3449
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

51
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

152.4 x 101.6 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
132.0
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Sx= 1.22E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 9.29E6mm
Aw= 1.93E2mm2 Wt.= 5.15 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.00
1.25

51498
32958

88767
56811

62278
49822

48530
27410

32353
18274

1.50

22888

39452

41518

1.75

16816

28985

35587

22405

16804

11203

14633

10975

7317

2.00

12874

22192

31139

2.25

10172

17534

27679

12054

10045

7534

5023

8612

7177

5382

3588

2.50

8240

14203

2.75

6810

11738

24911

6356

5297

3973

2648

22646

4820

4017

3013

2008

3.00

5722

9863

20759

3.25

4876

8404

19162

5609

3739

3116

2337

1558

4436

2957

2464

1848

1232

3.50

4204

7246

3.75

3662

6312

17794

3568

2378

1982

1486

991

16607

2911

1941

1617

1213

809

4.00

3219

4.25

2851

5548

15569

2406

1604

1336

1002

668

4914

14654

2011

1340

1117

838

558

4.50
4.75

2543

4384

13839

1697

1131

943

707

471

2282

3934

13111

1446

964

803

602

402

5.00

2060

3551

12456

1241

828

690

517

345

Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

52
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

177.8 x 101.6 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
129.4
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Sx= 1.57E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 1.40E7mm
Wt.= 5.80 kg/lm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 2.26E2
2
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.50
50959
48438
24358 16239
28976
1.75
37439
41518
16053 10702
21289
2.00
28664
36329
14786
11089 7393
16299
2.25
22648
32292
12733
10611
7958 5306
12878
2.50
18345
29063
9430
7858
5894 3929
10431
2.75
15161
26421
7169
5974
4481 2987
8621
3.00
12740
24219
5572
4643
3483 2322
7244
3.25
10855
22356
4414
3678
2759 1839
6172
3.50
9360
20759
3554
2962
2221 1481
5322
3.75
8153
19375
4355
2903
2419
1814 1210
4636
4.00
7166
18164
3602
2401
2001
1501 1000
4075
4.25
6348
17096
3012
2008
1673
1255
837
3610
4.50
5662
16146
2544
1696
1413
1060
707
3220
4.75
5082
15296
2168
1445
1205
903
602
2890
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

53
The New and Improved Pultex Pultrusion Global Design Manual

Chapter 4

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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

177.8 x 101.6 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
291.2
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Sx= 2.23E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 1.98E7mm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 3.39E2mm2 Wt.= 8.53 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.50
92266
72657
55697
46414
34811 23207
72117
1.75
67787
62278
36626
30522
22892 15261
52984
2.00
51900
54493
37893
25262
21052
15789 10526
40566
2.25
41007
48438
27164
18110
15091
11319 7546
32052
2.50
33216
43594
20100
13400
11167
8375 5583
25962
2.75
27451
39631
15271
10181
8484
6363 4242
21456
3.00
23066
36329
11864
7910
6591
4943 3296
18029
3.25
19654
33534
9395
6263
5219
3914 2610
15362
3.50
16947
31139
7562
5042
4201
3151 2101
13246
3.75
14763
29063
6175
4117
3431
2573 1715
11539
4.00
12975
27246
5107
3404
2837
2128 1418
10141
4.25
11493
25644
4270
2847
2372
1779 1186
8983
4.50
10252
24219
3606
2404
2003
1503 1002
8013
4.75
9201
22944
3073
2049
1707
1280
854
7192
5.00
8304
21797
2639
1760
1466
1100
733
6491
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

54
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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

203.2 x 101.6 x 6.4


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
127.3
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Sx= 1.92E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 1.95E7mm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 2.58E2mm2 Wt.= 6.35 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.50
62042
55358
32720 21813
34712
1.75
45582
47450
21741 14494
25503
2.00
34898
41518
20141
15106 10070
19526
2.25
27574
36905
14515
10886 7257
15428
2.50
22335
33215
10783
8087 5391
12496
2.75
18459
30195
9860
8217
6163 4109
10328
3.00
15510
27679
7679
6399
4799 3199
8678
3.25
13216
25550
6091
5076
3807 2538
7394
3.50
11395
23725
4911
4092
3069 2046
6376
3.75
9927
22143
4015
3346
2509 1673
5554
4.00
8725
20759
3323
2770
2077 1385
4881
4.25
7728
19538
4172
2781
2318
1738 1159
4324
4.50
6894
18453
3526
2351
1959
1469
979
3857
4.75
6187
17481
3006
2004
1670
1253
835
3462
5.00
5584
16607
2583
1722
1435
1076
718
3124
5.25
5065
15817
2236
1491
1242
932
621
2834
5.50
4615
15098
1948
1299
1082
812
541
2582
5.75
4222
14441
1708
1138
949
712
474
2362
6.00
3878
13839
1505
1003
836
627
418
2170
6.25
3574
13286
1333
889
741
555
370
1999
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

55
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Table of
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Rectangular Tubes

203.2 x 101.6 x 9.5


Ultimate In-Plane Shear Strength (MPa)
48.3
1500/1525/1625 Series
Ultimate Flexural Strength (MPa)
227.6 Simply Supported beam with Uniform
E= 22.1 GPa
G =2.9 GPa Ultimate Local Buckling Strength (MPa)
286.5
Loads at various L/D ratios
3
4
Sx= 2.73E5 mm
Simply Supported with a Uniform Load
(N/m)
Ix= 2.77E7mm
Laterally Supported beams
L/D ratio
Aw= 3.87E2mm2 Wt.= 9.36 kg/lm
Allowable
Allowable
load, local
load,
Allowable load,
Allowable load, laterally compression flexural
In-plane shear
unsupported beam
buckling
capacity,
of the web
global buckling capacity, capacity, 2.5x 2.5x Safety capacity, 3x
Span
2x Safety Factor
Safety Factor
Factor
Safety Factor
(m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
(N/m)
100
150
180
240
360
1.50
111212
88343
75288
62740
47055 31370
83037
1.75
81707
71174
49913
41594
31196 20797
64905
2.00
62557
62278
34623
28853
21640 14426
49693
2.25
49428
55358
37384
24923
20769
15577 10385
39264
2.50
40036
49822
27748
18498
15415
11562 7708
31804
2.75
33088
45293
21131
14087
11739
8805 5870
26284
3.00
27803
41518
16446
10964
9137
6853 4568
22086
3.25
23690
38325
13042
8694
7245
5434 3623
18819
3.50
20427
35587
10510
7007
5839
4379 2920
16226
3.75
17794
33215
8591
5727
4773
3579 2386
14135
4.00
15639
31139
7109
4740
3950
2962 1975
12423
4.25
13853
29307
5949
3966
3305
2479 1652
11005
4.50
12357
27679
5027
3351
2793
2094 1396
9816
4.75
11090
26222
4285
2857
2381
1785 1190
8810
5.00
10009
24911
3682
2455
2046
1534 1023
7951
5.25
9079
23725
3187
2125
1770
1328
885
7212
Note: Bold numbers in the Factored Load Tables represent the governing load

56
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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Flat Sheets
3.2 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620

E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 5.7 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Lengthwise Direction
100
1046
290
119

3.2 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620

L/D
180

150
697
193
79

581
161
66

240
436
121
49

360
291
81
33

E = 5.5 GPa
Weight = 5.7 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Crosswise Direction
100

L/D
180

150
418
116
47

279
77
32

232
64
26

240
174
48
20

360
116
32
13

Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Flat Sheets
6.4 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series
Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620

E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 11.4 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Lengthwise Direction
100
8369
2321
948

6.4 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series
Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620

150
5579
1548
632

L/D
180
4649
1290
527

240
3487
967
395

E = 5.5 GPa
Weight = 11.4 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Crosswise Direction
100
3348
929
379

150
2232
619
253

L/D
180
1860
516
211

240
1395
387
158

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2325
645
263

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Table of
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360
930
258
105

Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Flat Sheets

Pultex

E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 17.3 kg/m2
9.5 mm
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
1500/1525 & 1625 Series
Sheet Spanning in Lengthwise Direction
Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920

Pultex

100
26931
7835
3200
1737
979

150
17954
5223
2133
1158
653

L/D
180
14962
4353
1778
965
544

240
11221
3265
1333
724
408

360
7481
2176
889
483
272

E = 5.5 GPa
Weight = 17.3 kg/m2
9.5 mm
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
1500/1525 & 1625 Series
Sheet Spanning in Crosswise Direction
Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920

100
11298
3134
1280
695
392

150
7532
2089
853
463
261

L/D
180
6277
1741
711
386
218

240
4707
1306
533
290
163

360
3138
871
356
193
109

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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Flat Sheets
12.7 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220

E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 22.9 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Lengthwise Direction
100
66951
18571
7585
4118
2321
1476
995

12.7 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220

150
44634
12381
5057
2745
1548
984
664

L/D
180
37195
10317
4214
2288
1290
820
553

240
27896
7738
3160
1716
967
615
415

E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 22.9 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Crosswise Direction
100
26780
7429
3034
1647
929
590
398

150
17854
4952
2023
1098
619
393
265

L/D
180
14878
4127
1686
915
516
328
221

240
11158
3095
1264
686
387
246
166

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18597
5159
2107
1144
645
410
277

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Table of
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360
7439
2063
843
458
258
164
111

Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Flat Sheets
E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 28.3 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Lengthwise Direction

15.9 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220
1370
1530

100
130763
36272
14814
8043
4534
2882
1944
1373
986

150
87175
24182
9876
5362
3023
1921
1296
915
657

L/D
180
72646
20151
8230
4468
2519
1601
1080
763
548

240
54485
15113
6173
3351
1889
1201
810
572
411

360
36323
11076
4115
2234
1259
801
540
381
274

E = 5.5 GPa
Weight = 28.3 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Crosswise Direction

15.9 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220
1370
1530

100
52305
14509
5929
3217
1814
1153
778
549
394

150
34870
9673
3950
2145
1209
769
518
366
263

L/D
180
29058
8061
3292
1787
1008
640
432
305
219

240
21794
6045
2469
1340
756
480
324
229
164

360
14529
4030
1646
894
504
320
216
153
110

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Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Flat Sheets
19.1 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220
1370
1530

E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 33.9 kg/mm2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Lengthwise Direction
100
225959
62679
25599
13898
7835
4980
3360
2373
1703

19.1 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series
Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220
1370
1530

150
150639
41786
17066
9265
5223
3320
2240
1582
1136

L/D
180
125533
34821
14221
7721
4353
2767
1867
1318
946

240
94149
26116
10666
5971
3265
2075
1400
989
710

E = 5.5 GPa
Weight = 33.9 mm2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Crosswise Direction
100
90383
25071
10239
5559
3134
1992
1344
949
681

150
60256
16714
6826
3706
2089
1328
896
633
454

L/D
180
50213
13929
5689
3088
1741
1107
747
527
379

240
37660
10446
4266
2316
1306
830
560
395
284

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360
62766
17411
7111
3861
2176
1383
933
659
473

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Table of
Contents

360
25107
6964
2844
1544
871
553
373
264
189

Pultex Standard Structural Profiles


Flat Sheets
25.4 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220
1370
1530

E = 13.8 GPa
Weight = 45.3 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Lengthwise Direction
100
535605
148571
60678
32943
18571
11805
7964
5624
4038

25.4 mm
Pultex 1500/1525 & 1625 Series

Span
(millimeter)
300
460
620
760
920
1070
1220
1370
1530

150
357070
99048
40452
21962
12381
7870
5309
3749
2692

L/D
180
240
297559 223169
82540 61905
33710 25283
18302 13726
10317
7738
6558
4919
4424
3318
3124
2343
2243
1682

360
148779
41270
16855
9151
5159
3279
2212
1562
1122

E = 5.5 GPa
Weight = 45.3 kg/m2
All Allowable Uniform Loads are in N/m2.
Sheet Spanning in Crosswise Direction
100
214242
59429
24271
13177
7429
4722
3186
2250
1615

150
142828
39619
16181
8785
4952
3148
2124
1500
1077

L/D
180
119023
33016
13484
7321
4127
2623
1770
1250
897

240
89268
24762
10113
5491
3095
1967
1327
937
673

360
59512
16508
6742
3660
2063
1312
885
625
449

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Metric Clip Connection Load Tables with Pultex SuperStructural Angles


The following Clip Connection Load Tables were developed based on full section testing of the Pultex
SuperStructural angles. The experimental procedure can be located in Appendix A. The load tables
were developed based on the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Experimental test results


Room temperature (22.8C)
A safety factor has not been applied. All loads are ultimate unless noted.
An ultimate bearing strength of 228 MPa
A 4% hole deformation bearing stress of .083 GPa
No damage to the composite materials
No chemical exposure
Bolted connection only; no adhesive.
Full section shear strength through angle heel =23.4 MPa (1500/1525 Series); 26.9 MPa (1625 Series)

Note: Clip angle connection dimensions are governed by internal dimensions of beams and external
dimensions of the flanges on the columns.

1500/1525 Series Pultex SuperStructural Angles


# of
Ultimate
Ultimate
Allowable
Clip
Angle
Bolt
# of
Bolts
Shear Load
Bearing Bearing Load Clip Angle
Angle Connection Hole Bolt # of Angles Bolts throug # of Bolts
through
Load of
for 4% Hole
Ultimate
Thickness Length
Dia. Dia.
in
in h Beam Connected Angle Heels Connection Deformation Load before
(mm)
(mm)
(mm) (mm) Connection Shear Web to Column
(N)
(N)
(N)
Failure (N)
9.5
114.3
14.3 12.7
2
4
2
4
51,041
110,088
40,032
51,041
9.5
114.3
17.5 15.9
2
4
2
4
51,041
137,610
50,040
51,041
12.7
114.3
14.3 12.7
2
4
2
4
68,054
146,784
53,376
68,054
12.7
114.3
17.5 15.9
2
4
2
4
68,054
183,480
66,720
68,054

1500/1525 Series Pultex SuperStructural Angles


# of
Ultimate
Ultimate
Allowable
Clip
Angle
Bolt
# of
Bolts
Shear Load
Bearing Bearing Load Clip Angle
Angle Connection Hole Bolt # of Angles Bolts through # of Bolts
through
Load of
for 4% Hole
Ultimate
Thickness Length
Dia. Dia.
in
in
Beam Connected Angle Heels Connection Deformation Load before
(mm)
(mm)
(mm) (mm) Connection Shear Web to Column
(N)
(N)
(N)
Failure (N)
9.5
152.4
14.3 12.7
2
4
2
4
68,054
110,088
40,032
68,054
9.5
152.4
17.5 15.9
2
4
2
4
68,054
137,610
50,040
68,054
12.7
152.4
14.3 12.7
2
4
2
4
90,739
146,784
53,376
90,739
66,720
90,739
90,739
2
12.7
152.4
17.5 15.9
2
4
183,480
4
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1500/1525 Series Pultex SuperStructural Angles


# of
Ultimate
Ultimate
Allowable
Clip
Angle
Bolt
# of
Bolts
Shear Load Bearing Bearing Load Clip Angle
Angle Connection Hole Bolt # of Angles Bolts through # of Bolts
through
Load of
for 4% Hole
Ultimate
Thickness Length
Dia. Dia.
in
in
Beam Connected Angle Heels Connection Deformation Load before
(mm)
(mm)
(mm) (mm) Connection Shear Web to Column
(N)
(N)
(N)
Failure (N)
9.5
209.6
14.3 12.7
2
6
3
6
93,575
165,132
60,048
93,575
9.5
209.6
17.5 15.9
2
6
3
6
93,575
206,415
75,060
93,575
12.7
209.6
14.3 12.7
2
6
3
6
124,766
220,176
80,064
124,766
12.7
152.4.6
17.5 15.9
2
6
3
6
124,766
275,220
100,080
124,766

1625 Series Pultex SuperStructural Angles

Clip
Angle
Bolt
Angle Connection Hole
Thickness Length
Dia.
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
9.5
114.3
14.3
9.5
12.7
12.7

114.3
114.3
114.3

Ultimate
# of
Shear
# of
Bolts
Load
Bolt # of Angles Bolts through # of Bolts through
Dia.
in
in
Beam Connected Angle
(mm) Connection Shear Web to Column Heels (N)
12.7
2
4
2
4
58,547

17.5 15.9
14.3 12.7
17.5 15.9

2
2
2

4
4
4

2
2
2

4
4
4

58,547
78,062
78,062

Ultimate
Allowable
Bearing Bearing Load Clip Angle
Load of
for 4% Hole Ultimate Load
Connection Deformation before Failure
(N)
(N)
(N)
110,088
40,032
58,547
137,610
146,784
183,480

50,040
53,376
66,720

58,547
78,062
78,062

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1625 Series Pultex SuperStructural Angles


Ultimate
# of
Shear
Ultimate
Allowable
Angle
Bolt
# of
Bolts
Load
Bearing Bearing Load Clip Angle
Clip Angle Connection Hole Bolt # of Angles Bolts through # of Bolts through
Load of
for 4% Hole Ultimate Load
Thickness Length
Dia. Dia.
in
in
Beam Connected Angle Connection Deformation before Failure
(mm)
(mm)
(mm) (mm) Connection Shear Web to Column Heels (N)
(N)
(N)
(N)
9.5
9.5
12.7
12.7

152.4
152.4
152.4
152.4

14.3
17.5
14.3
17.5

12.7
15.9
12.7
15.9

2
2
2
2

4
4
4
4

2
2
2
2

4
4
4
4

78,062
78,062
104,083
104,083

110,088
137,610
146,784
183,480

40,032
50,040
53,376
66,720

78,062
78,062
104,083
104,083

1625 Series Pultex SuperStructural Angles


Ultimate
# of
Shear
Ultimate
Allowable
Angle
Bolt
# of
Bolts
Load
Bearing Bearing Load Clip Angle
Clip Angle Connection Hole Bolt # of Angles Bolts through # of Bolts through
Load of
for 4% Hole Ultimate Load
Thickness
Length
Dia. Dia.
in
in
Beam Connected Angle
Connection Deformation before Failure
(mm)
(mm)
(mm) (mm) Connection Shear Web to Column Heels (N)
(N)
(N)
(N)
9.5
209.6
14.3 12.7
2
6
3
6
107,336
165,132
60,048
107,336
9.5
209.6
17.5 15.9
2
6
3
6
107,336
206,415
75,060
107,336
12.7
209.6
14.3 12.7
2
6
3
6
143,114
220,176
80,064
143,114
12.7
209.6
17.5 15.9
2
6
3
6
143,114
275,220
100,080
143,114

Note:

The maximum slip of the connection at failure is approximately 8.9 mm without adhesive.
The maximum slip of the connection at failure is approximately 2.6 mm with adhesive. The
adhesive does not affect the ultimate load capacity of the connection, but does affect the amount
of slip of the connection.

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Metric Bolt Hole Bearing Capacity of Pultex SuperStructural Beams and Columns
Tables 3a and 3b represent the bearing capacity of the flange and web sections of various beams and
columns. The load table is based on the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The ultimate lengthwise bearing strength of the flange sections is 228 MPa.
The ultimate crosswise bearing strength of the web section is 207 MPa.
The 4% hole deformation longitudinal bearing strength of the flange is 83 MPa.
The 4% hole deformation transverse bearing strength of the web is 78 MPa.
No safety factors are applied.
Testing performed at room temperature (23 C)
No adhesive is used.
Bolt torque is not considered.
Table 3a
Bolt Hole Bearing Capacity of Pultex SuperStructural Columns and Beams for 1500/1525 Series
Design Chart
4% Hole
Ultimate Beam
4% Hole
Deformation Beam Web Bearing Deformation Column Ultimate Column
Web Bearing Load
Load in
Flange Bearing Load Flange Bearing Load
# of Bolts # of Bolts
in Transverse
Transverse
in Longitudinal
in Longitudinal
in Column in Beam
Direction (N)
Direction (N)
Direction (N)
Direction (N)

Member
Thickness
(mm)

Bolt
Diameter
(mm)

6.4

12.7

4,170

11,398

13,344

36,696

6.4

12.7

8,340

22,796

26,688

73,392

6.4

12.7

12,510

34,194

40,032

110,088

9.5

12.7

9,174

25,020

20,016

55,044

9.5

12.7

18,348

50,040

40,032

110,088

9.5

12.7

27,522

75,060

60,048

165,132

12.7

12.7

12,232

33,360

26,688

73,392

12.7

12.7

24,464

66,720

53,376

146,784

12.7

12.7

36,696

100,080

80,064

220,176

6.4

15.9

5,213

14,248

16,680

45,870

6.4

15.9

10,425

28,495

33,360

91,740

6.4

15.9

15,638

42,743

50,040

137,610

9.5

15.9

11,468

31,275

25,020

68,805

9.5

15.9

22,935

62,550

50,040

137,610

9.5

15.9

34,403

93,825

75,060

206,415

12.7

15.9

15,290

41,700

33,360

91,740

12.7

15.9

30,580

83,400

66,720

183,480

12.7

15.9

45,870

125,100

100,080

275,220

Note: Values are representative for bolted connections without adhesives.


Transverse bearing stress of 6.4mm Pultex SuperStructural profiles, Web sections = 141 MPa 4% Elongation = 52 MPa

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Table 3b
Hole Bearing Capacity of Pultex SuperStructural Columns and Beams for 1625 Series
Design Chart
4% Hole Deformation
4% Hole Deformation Ultimate Column
Beam Web
Ultimate Beam Web
Column Flange
Flange Bearing
Member
Bolt
# of Bolts
Bearing Load in
Bearing Load in
Bearing Load in
Load in
Thickness Diameter
in
# of Bolts Transverse Direction Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction
Longitudinal
(mm)
(mm)
Column in Beam
(N)
(N)
(N)
Direction (N)
6.4

12.7

5,226

13,066

15,568

42,256

6.4

12.7

10,453

26,132

31,136

84,512

6.4

12.7

15,679

39,198

46,704

126,768

9.5

12.7

10,550

28,773

23,352

63,384

9.5

12.7

21,100

57,546

46,704

126,768

9.5

12.7

31,650

86,319

70,056

190,152

12.7

12.7

14,067

38,364

31,136

84,512

12.7

12.7

28,134

76,728

62,272

169,024

12.7

12.7

42,200

115,092

93,408

253,536

6.4

15.9

6,533

16,333

19,460

52,820

6.4

15.9

13,066

32,665

38,920

105,640

6.4

15.9

19,599

48,998

58,380

158,460

9.5

15.9

13,188

35,966

29,190

79,230

9.5

15.9

26,375

71,933

58,380

158,460

9.5

15.9

39,563

107,899

87,570

237,690

12.7

15.9

17,584

47,955

38,920

105,640

12.7

15.9

35,167

95,910

77,840

211,280

12.7

15.9

52,751

143,865

116,760

316,920

Note: Values are representative for bolted connections without adhesives.


Transverse bearing stress of 6.4mm Pultex SuperStructural profiles 1625 Series, Web sections = 162 MPa, 4% elongation = 65 MPa

Connection Fastener Edge Distance and Torque Level Recommendations2


Ratio of distance to fastener diameter
Range
Edge Distance- End
2.0-4.5
Edge Distance- Side
1.5-3.5
Pitch (Distance between holes)
4.0-5.0

Recommended
3.0
2.0
5.0

Reference: Structural Plastics Design Manual

ASTM A325
Bolt
Size
1/2" -13
5/8" - 11

Low Torque
37.5% of Bolt Proof Load
Torque
ft-lbs. (N m)
29 (39)
57 (77)

High Torque
75% of Bolt Proof Load
Torque
ft-lbs. (N m)
57 (77)
113 (153)

Bolt recommendations based on ASTM A325 grade five coarse threaded bolts
Connection testing performed with grade 8 oversized washers (2.5 times hole dia.)
Proof strength for ASTM A325 bolt equals 75,000 psi

D
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Design Example Using the Clip Connection Charts


Task
Design a connection for a 152mm x 152mm x 9.5mm Wide Flange Section beam that is clipped into a
203mm x 203mm x 9.5mm Wide Flange Section column. (Reference drawing below.)
Given
Design load on connection is a static load of 26688N
The corrosive environment requires 1625 Series.
Operating temperature = 23C.
Minimum Safety Factor = 2.5

Solution:
1. Reference the 1625 Series of Pultex SuperStructural angle clip connection charts for the 114.3mm
clip angle length (depth of the 152mm x 152mm x 9.5mm section dictates the 114.3mm angle length).
2. First, investigate the 9.5mm thick angles. Looking across to the Ultimate Load Before Failure
Column, the ultimate load of the 9.5mm thick clip angle connection is 13,163 lbs.
3. The design load is 26688N(2.5 S.F.) = 66720N; therefore, the 9.5mm section is not adequate.
4. Investigate the 12.7mm thick angles. The Ultimate load is 78,062N; therefore, the 12.7mm angle is
adequate.
5. Specify the 101.6mm x 101.6mm x12.7mm angle 114.3mm long 1625 Series of Pultex
SuperStructural angle.
6. Determine the bearing capacity of the two holes in the web of the 152mm x 152mm x 9.5mm Wide
Flange Section and the bearing capacity of the four holes in the column.
7. Reference the Hole Bearing Capacity of Pultex Columns and Beams Design Chart. Determine
the row that satisfies the desired bolting condition and member sizes.
8. Enter the row for the 9.5mm member thickness and two bolts in the beam. The ultimate beam web
bearing load in the transverse direction is 171,933N for the 15.9m,m diameter bolts. The design load
with the 2.5 S.F. is 15,000 lbs.; the connection is adequate.
10. From Table 1a, the column bearing load is adequate at 158,460N.

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Moment Capacity of Pultex SuperStructural Angles


Table 1
Moment Capacity of 12.7mm Thick SuperStructural Angles
1500/1525/1625 Series
10.0

9.0

8.0

Degrees of Rotation

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

Ultimate Moment at Failure = 4244 N-m/m

2.0

1.0

0.0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Mom ent (N-m /m )

Moment capacity is in (N-m/m) per longitudinal inch of angle

Table 2
Moment Capacity of 12.7mm Thick SuperStructural Angles
1500/1525/1625 Series
3

Degrees of Rotation

Ultimate Moment at Failure = 1045 N/

0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Moment capacity is in (N-m/m) per longitudinal inch of angle


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800

Table 3
Moment Capacity of 9.5mm Thick SuperStructural Angles
1500/1525/1625 Series
8.0

7.0

Degrees of Rotation

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

Ultimate Moment at Failure = 2251 N-m/m


1.0

0.0
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Mom ent (N-m /m )

Moment capacity is in (N-m/m) per longitudinal inch of angle

Table 4
Moment Capacity of 9.5mm Thick SuperStructural Angles
1500/1525/1625 Series

Degrees of Rotation

Ultimate Moment at Failure = 667 N-m/m


0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Mom ent (N-m /m )

Moment capacity is in (N-m/m) per longitudinal inch of angle


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Designing a Connection With a Coped Flange


*Examples Illustrated in Imperial

Fig 1.

Coped Flange Connection

Fig 2.

When designing a connection with a coped flange, block shear must be checked to insure that the
connection is adequate. The two factors affecting block shear are the transverse tensile and shear
strengths of the web section of the beam. Values for transverse tensile strength and in-plane shear
strengths can be located in the Material Properties Sheets of Pultex Fiber Reinforced Polymer Structural
Profiles and Pultex SuperStructural Profiles for Wide Flange Sections and I-Sections.
The procedure for determining the block shear (Vblock) allowable load is as follows:
1. Determine the in-plane shear and tensile strengths of the beam profile
with which you are designing. (Material Properties Sheets of PultexFiber Reinforced
Polymer Structural Profiles and Pultex SuperStructural Profiles for Wide Flange
Sections and I-Sections).
2. Determine the shear length (Lv) of the bolted connection. (Reference Figure 2.)
3. Determine the net tensile length (Lt) of the bolted connection. (Reference Figure 2.)
4. Apply the proper safety factors to the connection. (Use 2 for demonstration.)
Determine if Vblock allowable is greater than the design load.
Example
Design a framed connection using a Pultex SuperStructural 6" x 6" x 3/8" Wide Flange Section coped
into an Pultex SuperStructural 8" x 8" x 3/8" beam. The holes are 9/16" to accommodate 1/2" bolts.
(Reference Figure 1.)
1. Referencing the Material Properties Sheets for Pultex SuperStructural Profiles, the in-plane
shear and tensile strengths of the web section are 7,000 psi and 10,500 psi, respectively.
2. Calculate the shear length (Lv) of the Figure 1. connection,
i.e., (.130 + 2 + 1.25 -9/16 - 9/32) = 2.53"
3. Calculate the net tension length (Lt) of the above connection,
i.e., (1.5 .5(9/16)) =1.219"
4. Apply the proper safety factors to the transverse shear and tensile strengths,
i.e., (Allowable shear = 7,000/2 = 3,500 psi)
(Allowable tension = 10,500/2 = 5,250 psi)
5. Calculate the allowable shear force for block shear Vblock
i.e., (5000(1.219)(.375) + 3,500(2.53)(.375) = 5,720 lbs.
71

6. Compare Vblock allowable to the design load.3


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Endnotes
1

Task Committee on Design of the Structural Plastics Research Council of the Technical Council

on Research of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Structural Plastics Design Manual
Vol. 2. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1984, pg. 732.
2

Task Committee on Design of the Structural Plastics Research Council of the Technical Council

on Research of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Structural Plastics Design Manual
Vol. 1. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1984, pg. 439.
3

Bank, L.C. Bolted Connections for Pultruded Frame Structures. Diss. The Catholic

University of America, 1996, pg. 29.

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