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Chuyn qua h ta

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NHIT NG LC HC

NI NNG V S BIN I NI NNG CC NGUYN L CA NHIT NG LC HC

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NI NNG V S BIN I NI NNG

Trong NLH ngi ta gi l tng ng nng v th nng ca cc phn t cu to nn vt l ni nng ca vt. => Vy ni nng ca vt ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?

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Cu hi C1 v C2 trang 170
C1: Khi nhit tng ln th vn tc chuyn ng ca cc phn t thay i do ng nng ca cc phn t thay i. Khi V ca vt tng ln th khong cch gia cc phn t cu to nn vt tng ln lm cho th nng tng tc gi chng tng ln. Vy ni nng ph thuc vo T v V u=f(T,V) C2: V b qua tng tc gia cc phn t nn cc phn t kh l tng ch c ng nng m khng c th nng do ni nng ca kh l tng ch ph thuc vo nhit .

C nhng cch no lm bin i ni nng ca vt C th thay i ni nng ca vt bng cch thc hin cng v truyn nhit Cng l phn nng lng c truyn t vt ny sang vt khc trong qu trnh thc hin cng. Trong s truyn nhit ngoi lc khng thc hin cng ln vt nhit ca vt thay i, khng c s chuyn ho nng lng t dng ny sang dng khc ch c s chuyn trc tip t ni nng ca vt khc.

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Nu F l lc lm dch chuyn vt mt qung ng s theo hng ca n th cng do lc thc hin l:

Cng thc tnh nhit lng

Nhit lng l phn nng lng m vt nhn c hay mt i trong qu trnh truyn nhit.

Q = mCt

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ngha cc i lng
Q(J) : Nhiet lng vat thu vao hay toa ra. m(kg) : Khoi lng vat. c(J/kg.K) Nhiet dung rieng cua chat to nen vat. t (0C hoac K):o bien thien nhiet o. t = (t-t1) t1 v t l nhit ban u v nhit cui cng ca qu trnh truyn nhit.

U l bin thin ni nng ca vt trong qu trnh truyn nhit Q l nhit lng vt thu vo hay to ra cho vt khc
S o bin thin ni nng trong qu trnh truyn nhit gi l nhit lng U = Q

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Qthu = Qto

Phng trnh cn bng nhit ch p dng khi nhit ca cc vt bng nhau m ng trong sut qu trnh trao i nhit gia hai vt

1. Noi nang : ong nang + the nang tng tc

2. U = f(T,V)
3. Hai cach bien oi noi nang : + Thc hien cong: Co s chuyen hoa nang lng khac sang noi nang. + Truyen nhiet : ch truyen noi nang. 4. Nhiet lng vat nhan vao hay mat i : Q = mc t

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Bi tp SGK
7/8 trang 173

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Bi 7-173
MAl = 0,5kg; mH2O=0,118kg; t1 = 200C MFe = 0,2kg; t2 = 750C Xc nh t = ? Bit: u l cht thu nhit? Xc nh Qth ? CAl = 896J/kgK CH20 = 4,18.103 J/kgK u l cht to nhit? CFe = 0,46.103 J/kgK Xc nh Q phng trnh CB
nhit xc nh t.
t

Nhit lng bnh Nhm v nc thu vo:

t1 = t t1

Qthu = Q1 + Q2=(m1 c1 + m2 c2) t1

Nhit lng st ta ra:

Qto = Q 3 = m3 c3 t3
t3 = t3 t

p dng phng trnh cn bng nhit:

Qthu = Qto

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Bi 8-173

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u l cht thu nhit? Xc nh Qth ? u l cht to nhit? Xc nh Qt phng trnh CB nhit xc nh t.

Qto= Qthu

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Nhit lng m ng thau v nc thu vo: Qthu = (m1c1 + m2c2) t1 t1 = t t1 Nhit lng m ming kim loi to ra: Qto = m3c3. t3 t3 = t3 t p dng phng trnh cn bng nhit: Qto= Qthu c3=0,78.103 J/kg.K

Bi 3: Vt (A) c khi lng 0.1 kg nhit 100 0C c b vo nhit lng k (B). Nhit lng k bng ng thau c khi lng 0.1 kg cha 0.2 kg nc (C) ban u, 200C. Nhit ca h khi cn bng l 240C. Tnh nhit dung ring c1 ca vt A. Bit rng Nhit dung ring ca ng thau v nc l c2 = 380 J/kg.K v c3 = 4200 J/kg.K

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A Khi lng Nhit dung ring Nhit ban u m1 = 0.1kg c1 = ?

B m2 = 0.1kg

C m3 = 0.2kg

c2 = 380J/kg.K c3 = 4200J/kg.K t2 = 200C t3 = 200C

t1 = 1000C

Sau Khi cn bng, nhit cui l t = 240C

p dng phng trnh cn bng nhit:

Qta = Qthu Q1 = Q2 + Q3
m1c1 t1 = m2c2 t2 + m3c3 t3 m1c1 ( t-t1 )= m2c2 ( t-t2) + m3c3 ( t-t3) c1

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CC NGUYN L CA NHIT NG LC HC

Nguyn l I ca NLH
Nguyn l I ca NLH: bin thin ni nng ca vt bng tng cng v nhit lng m vt nhn c. Biu thc: U = A + Q Quy c v du: Q>0: Vt nhn nhit lng Q<0: Vt truyn nhit lng A>0: Vt nhn cng t vt khc A<0: Vt thc hin cng

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C1? Trang 176

C2: Cac he thc sau dien ta nhng qua trnh nao ? a) U = Q khi Q > 0 ; khi Q < 0 b) U = A khi A > 0 ; khi A < 0 c) U = Q + A khi Q > 0 va A < 0 d) U = Q + A khi Q > 0 va A > 0

C1: Q > 0 ; A < 0 ; U > 0. C2:

a) Truyen nhiet ; Q > 0 : thu nhiet ; Q < 0 toa nhiet. b) Thc hien cong ; A > 0 : nhan cong ; A < 0 : sinh cong. c) Truyen nhiet va thc hien cong ; Q > 0 : thu nhiet ; A < 0 : sinh cong. d) Truyen nhiet va thc hien cong ; Q > 0 : thu nhiet ; A > 0 : nhan cong.

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Ngi ta cung cp cho kh trong mt Xilanh nm ngang nhit lng 1.5J. Kh n ra y pittong i mt on 5cm vi mt lc c ln 20N. Tnh bin thin ni nng kh.

+ |A| = F.s = 20.0,05 = 1(J). + Kh nhan nhiet lng : Q > 0 + Kh thc hien cong : A < 0. + Theo nguyen l NLH : U = Q + A = 1,5 1 = 0,5(J)

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V d/ 176: + Cong kh thc hien co o ln |A| ? + Kh nhan nhiet lng va thc hien cong : Q dng hay am ? ; A dng hay am? +Bieu thc nguyen l I NLH cho qua trnh ?

V d 2:

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u = Q A biu thc ny ng vi qu trnh no?

- ng vi qu trnh mt phn ca nhit lng chuyn thnh nhit cng h thc hin c v ni nng ca vt tng

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Biu thc: u = -Q + A din t qu trnh no?

H nhn c cng nng ln v truyn nhit ra mi trng xung quanh

Bi tp 6 - 7/181
Bi tp 6/181: Biu thc ca nguyn l I: u =Q + A Ngi thc hin cng: A = 100J Kh truyn ra mi trng xung quanh: Q=-20J u =Q + A = 80J

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Bi tp 7/181: Tng t bi 6 u =Q + A = -70 + 100 =30J

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Bi tp 8/180

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Nguyn l II ca NLH
Nguyen l II nhiet ong lc hoc : a) Cach phat bieu cua Clau-di-ut : Nhiet khong the t truyen t mot vat sang nong hn. b) Cach phat bieu cua Cac-no : ong c nhiet khong the chuyen hoa tat ca nhiet lng nhan c thanh cong c hoc

Nhiet khong the t truyen t mot vat sang nong hn.

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Bi tp 8/180

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The End

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Hy so snh s thc hin cng v s truyn nhit, cng v nhit lng

- Trong qu trnh thc hin cng, ngoi lc thc hin cng ln vt v c s chuyn ho nng lng t c nng sang ni nng. - Trong s truyn nhit ngoi lc khng thc hin cng ln vt nhit ca vt thay i, khng c s chuyn ho nng lng t dng ny sang dng khc ch c s chuyn trc tip t ni nng ca vt khc. - Cng l phn nng lng c truyn t vt ny sang vt khc trong qu trnh thc hin cng. * Nhit lng l phn nng lng m vt nhn c hay mt i trong qu trnh truyn nhit.

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