Báo Cáo Đồ Án 1

TNG LIN ON LAO NG VIT NAM
I HC TN C THNG
KHOA IN IN T
B MN IU KHIN T NG
BO CO N 1
ti:
HIU NG LED N CO CAI T

THI GIAN DUNG VI IU KHIN.
GVHD : Ths.L Anh Tun.

SVTH : L Duy Khang.
MSSV : 40900131.
LP : 09040003.
TP.HCM, ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2012.
Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin
ii
TNG LIN ON LAO NG VIT NAM

I HC TN C THNG
KHOA IN IN T
B MN IU KHIN T NG
BO CO N 1
ti:
HIU NG LED N CO CAI T

THI GIAN DUNG VI IU KHIN.
GVHD : Ths.L Anh Tun.

SVTH : L Duy Khang.
MSSV : 40900131.
LP : 09040003.
TP.HCM, ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2012.
TRNG H TN C THNG
CNG HOA XA HI CHU NGHIA VIT NAM
KHOA IN - IN T
c lp-T do-Hanh Phuc

=====***=====
NHIM VU AN MN HOC 1
Ho va tn:L Duy Khang
MSSV:40900131
Nganh:T ng iu Khin
Lp:09040003
I. tai:
Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin.
II. Nhim vu tai:
_ S dung vi iu khin lp trinh tao hiu ng 10 led n sang dn va tt dn.
_ Yu cu hiu ng c thc hin trong cac khoang thi gian cai t qua cac nut
nhn,dung led 7 oan hin thi thi gian.
_ Thi cng phn cng,hiu cac thanh phn trong mach cng,tim hiu phn mm lp trinh
va nap cho vi iu khin
_ Ve lu giai thut lp trinh.
_ Hiu nguyn ly hoat ng cua mach va vit chng trinh.
_ Vit bao cao.
III.Ngay giao an: 20/02/2012.
IV.Ngay np an: 28/04/2012.
V.Ngay bao v trc hi ng: T 02/05/2012 n 08/05/2012.
VI.Ho va tn GVHD: Ths.L Anh Tun.
Tp.HCM,ngay 20 thang 02 nm 2012.
CNBM.iu khin t ng
Giang vin hng dn
Ts.Vo Hoang Duy
Ths.L Anh Tun
ii
NHN XT GIO VIN HNG DN

..
.
...
TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 28 thang 04 nm 2012.

Giao Vin Hng Dn
iii

Ths.L Anh Tun
LI CM N
Li u tin em xin cam n n quy thy c a tao iu kin cho chung em c
tip cn vi thc t,c t duy sang tao mt cach c lp th nay.
Nhng gi chung em hoc t thy c a c ap dung trit trong an 1
nay.Qua o chung em cang hiu thm v tinh thc t va hu ich cua nhng ly thuyt minh
a tng hoc trong nhng nm u.
Sau khi tip xuc thc t chung em mi hiu la minh con thiu sot rt nhiu va bit
c minh co yu thich nganh ngh minh a chon va ang hoc hay khng.
Em cung xin gi li cam n n Giao vin hng dn cho em la thy L Anh
Tun a phn cng cho em tai rt hu ich,co nhiu th cn kham pha,cn hoc hoi.Bn
canh o thy cung a hng dn rt nhit tinh giup em co th bao cao an c tt
hn
Li cui cung em xin chn thanh cam n tt ca thy c trong khoa va chuc sc
khoe n cac thy c!
TP. H Ch Minh, ngay 28 thang 04 nm 2012.

Sinh Vin Thc Hanh
iv
L Duy Khang
LI M U
Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin, th gii ca chng
ta v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht trin ca k thut
in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s chnh xc cao,
tc nhanh, gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho hot ng ca con
ngi t hiu qu cao.
Cc b iu khin s dng vi iu khin tuy n gin nhng vn hnh v s
dng c li l mt iu rt phc tp. Cc b vi iu khin theo thi gian cng vi s
pht trin ca cng ngh bn dn tin trin rt nhanh, t cc b vi iu khin 4 bit n
gin n cc b vi iu khin 32 bit, ri sau ny l 64 bit. in t ang tr thnh mt
ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. in t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t
cc lnh vc cng nng lm ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit trong hot
ng i sng hng ngy.
Mt trong nhng loi Vi iu Khin c s dng rng ri v lu i nht l h Vi
iu Khin 8051. n 1 nay,em xin gii thiu n quy thy c mt ng dung cua Vi
iu Khin 8051 la iu khin led n co cai t thi gian dung Vi iu Khin 8051.
MC LC
muc
Trang
Trang bia.......................................................................................................i
Nhim vu an.............................................................................................ii
Nhn
xet
cua
giao
vin..................................................................................iii
Li
cam
n.....................................................................................................iv
Li
m
u.....................................................................................................v
Lit
k
bang..................................................................................................vii
Lit
k
hinh...................................................................................................viii
Chng I: C S Ly Thuyt
I.1
Gii
thiu
tng
quan
vi
x
ly
8051...........................................................1
I.2 Gii thiu tng quat IC 74LS47...................................................................................6
Chng II: Thit K San Phm
II.1
S
ly........................................................................................8
II.2
Nguyn
ly
ng.................................................................................9
II.3
S
thut.........................................................................................9
II.4
Chng
trinh
mm.........................................................................11
II.5
Mt
s
anh.......................................................................................14
vi
nguyn
hoat
giai
phn
hinh

Chng III: Kt Lun Va Nghi
III.1
lun..................................................................................................18
III.2
Hng
trin....................................................................................18
Thng
tin
nhn........................................................................................19
Trang
Bang I.1 Mt s chc nng c bit cua cac chn Port 3.................................4
vii
phat
ca
LIT K BNG
Bang
Kt
LIT K HNH
Hnh
Trang
Hnh I.1 S khi ca AT89C51.........................................................................2

Hnh I.2 S chn ca AT89C51.........................................................................2
Hnh I.3 Port 0.........................................................................................................3
Hnh I.4 Port 1.........................................................................................................3
Hnh I.5 Port 2.........................................................................................................4
Hnh I.6 Port 3.........................................................................................................4
Hinh I.7 S chn IC 74LS47..............................................................................6
Hinh I.8 S lc cach thc hoat ng ic 74ls47......................................................6
viii

Hinh I.9 - Gia tri hin thi trn LED 7 oan.................................................................7
Hinh I.10 Bang gia tri logic giai ma cua 74ls47.......................................................7
Hinh II.2 - Mach vi x ly AT89C51...........................................................................14
Hinh II.3 - Mach hoat ng.........................................................................................14
Hinh II.4 Ch 20s.................................................................................................15
Hinh II.5 Ch 30s.................................................................................................15
Hinh II.6 Ch 50s.................................................................................................16
Hinh II.7 Mach m phong.........................................................................................16
Hinh II.8 Mach in orcad.............................................................................................17
ix
Chng I
C S LY THUYT
..
I.1 Gii thiu tng qut Vi X L 8051

IC AT89C51 thuc ho 8051 cua Intel, nhng by gi chu yu c san xut bi hang Atmel
vi cac loai nh: AT89C51,AT89C52,AT89S52,
S lc v cu truc phn cng IC 8051
Cc c im ca 8951 c tm tt nh sau:
- 4KB b nh, c th lp trnh li nhanh, c kh nng ghi xa ti 1000 chu k
- Tn s hoat ng ti a n 24 MHz
- 3 mc kha b nh lp trnh
- 2 b Timer/Counter 16 bit
- 128 Byte RAM ni
- 4 Port xut/nhp (I/O) 8 bit
- Giao tip ni tip
- 64 KB vng nh m ngoi
- 64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi
- X l Boolean (hot ng trn bit n)
- 210 v tr nh c th nh v bit
- 4s cho hot ng nhn hoc chia
Trang
1

a S khi v s chn ca AT89C51
INT1\
INT0\
SERIAL PORT
TEMER0
TEMER1
TEMER2
8032\8052
128 byte
RAM
8032\8052
INTERRUPT
CONTROL
OTHER
REGISTER
128 byte
RAM
ROM
0K:
8031\8032
4K:8951
8K:8052
TEMER2
8032\8052
TEMER1
TEMER1
CPU
BUS
CONTROL
I/O PORT
OSCILATOR
EA\
RST
ALE\
PSEN\
P0 P1 P2 P3
Address\Data
Hnh I.1 S khi ca AT89C51
Hnh I.2 S chn ca AT89C51
Trang 2
SERIAL
PORT
TXD RXD

b Chc nng cc chn ca AT89C51
+ Port 0 (P0.0 P0.7 hay chn 32 39): Ngoi chc nng xut nhp ra, port 0 cn l
bus a hp d liu v a ch (AD0 AD7), chc nng ny s c s dng khi AT89C51 giao
tip vi thit b ngoi c kin trc bus.
Hnh I.3 Port 0
+ Port 1 (P1.0 P1.7 hay chn 1 8): c chc nng xut nhp theo bit v byte.
Hnh I.4 Port 1
Trang
3

+ Port 2 (P2.0 P2.7 hay chn 21 28): c chc nng xut nhp theo bit v byte.
Hnh I.5 Port 2

+ Port 3 (P3.0 P3.7 hay chn 10 17): mi chn trn port 3 ngoi chc nng xut
nhp ra cn c mt s chc nng c bit sau:
Bang I.1 Mt s chc nng c bit cua cac chn Port 3
Bit
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
Tn
RXD
TXD
INT0
INT1
T0
T1
WR
RD
Chc nng chuyn i

D liu nhn cho port ni tip
D liu truyn cho port ni tip
Ngt bn ngoi 0
Ngt bn ngoi 1
Ng vo ca Timer/Counter 0
Ng vo ca Timer/Counter 1
Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi
Xung c b nh d liu ngoi
Hnh I.6 Port 3
Trang
4
+ RST (Reset chn 9): mc tch cc ca chn ny l mc 1, reset ta phi a mc

1 (5V) n chn ny vi thi gian ti thiu 2 chu k my (tng ng 2s i vi thch anh
12MHz.
+ XTAL 1, XTAL 2: AT89C51 c mt b dao ng trn chip, n thng c ni vi
mt b dao ng thch anh c tn s ln nht l 24MHz, thng thng l 12MHz.
+ EA (External Access): EA thng c mc ln mc cao (+5V) hoc mc thp
(GND). Nu mc cao, b vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni. Nu mc thp,
chng trnh ch c thi hnh t b nh m rng.
+ ALE (Address Latch Enable): ALE l tn hiu cht a ch vo mt thanh ghi
bn ngoi trong na u ca chu k b nh. Sau cc ng port 0 dng xut hoc nhp
d liu trong na chu k sau ca b nh.
+ PSEN (Program Store Enable): PSEN l iu khin cho php b nh chng
trnh m rng v thng c ni vi n chn /OE (Output Enable) ca mt EPROM cho
php c cc bytes m lnh. PSEN s mc thp trong thi gian c lnh. Cc m nh phn
ca chng trnh c c t EPROM qua Bus v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh ca b vi iu
khin gii m lnh. Khi thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni, PSEN s mc th ng
(mc cao).
+ Vcc, GND: AT89C51 dng ngun mt chiu c di in p t 4V 5.5V c cp
qua chn 40 (Vcc) v chn 20 (GND).
Trang
5

I.2 Gii thiu tng quat IC 74LS47:
Hinh I.7 S chn IC 74LS47

Chc nng:
- Mt trong nhng IC ph bin trong in t s. C rt nhiu k hiu khc nhau ty thuc vo
hng v kh nng p ng nh: 74HC47, 74HCT47,74LS47.
ng dng:
-y l IC gii m k ginh ring cho LED 7 oan Anot chung. ng dng khi ta cn hin th s
trn led 7 oan trong mch s m khng cn dng vi x l hoc mun tit kim chn.
Hinh I.8 S lc cach thc hoat ng ic 74ls47
Trang
6

Cc thc hot ng:
- S nguyn l: Nh s trn, trong A,B,C,D ( Ni vi Vi x l, mch s counter,),
BI/RBO,RBI,LT ( chn iu khin ca 7447, ty thuc vo nhu cu s ni khc nhau), Chn
QA,QB,QC,QD,QE,QF,QG ni ln lt vi chn a,b,c,d,e,f,g ca led 7 oan anot chung.
- M t cch thc hot ng nh sau:
PORT A,B,C,D : u vo ca 7447, nhn cc gi tr theo nh phn (BCD) t 0 ti 15, tng
ng vi mi gi tr nhn c s gii m ra u ra Q tng ng.
PORT QA-QG : Ni trc tip LED 7 thanh vi QA=a,QB=b,QC=c,QD=d,QE=e,QF=f,QG=g,
gi tr hin th trn LED 7 oan ph thuc vo gi tr u vo PORTA,B,C,D theo bng sau:
Hinh I.9 - Gia tri hin thi trn LED 7 oan

-BI/RBO,RBI,LT : Chn iu khin ca 7447, hiu r ta cn tm hiu mc bng logic sau
( kch hot IC 7447 hot ng ch cn ni BI/RBO=LT=1 ):
Hinh I.10 Bang gia tri logic giai ma cua 74ls47
Trang
7
Chng II
THIT K SAN
PHM
..
II.1 S nguyn ly:
Hinh II.1 S nguyn ly

-Gii thch gi tr in tr:
st p ca led Vled = 1.8 ~ 2.5v =>chn 2v
st p chn vi iu khin Va = 0.9v
dng led sng p I = 10 ~ 20 mA => chn 10mA
R=
= 210 => chn R= 220
-Mch to dao ng: dng thch anh 12MHz v 2 con t 33p n nh tn.
-Mch RESET: dng t 10 F v in tr 10k to mch reset cho IC
Trang 8
II.2 Nguyn ly hoat ng:
Mach co 10 led vi 2 hiu ng khac nhau:sang dn tt dn va nhp nhay ng thi.

Mach co 3 nut nhn th hin 3 thi gian khac nhau 20s,30s,50s.
Sau khi cp ngun,nhn nut 20s,10 led sang dn tt dn trong 20s,led 7 oan ng thi
m n ht 20s.Sau khi ht 20s,led 7 oan a v 0,led nhp nhay ng thi 4 ln ri
quay lai chu ky u,led 7 oan tip tuc m lai 20s va 10 led lai sang dn tt dn
Tng t cho cac nut 30s va 50s,10 led sang dn tt dn trong khoang thi gian o.Sau
khi ht khoang thi gian o,10 led nhp nhay ng loat 4 ln va lai quay v chu ky u.
Trong khi led 7 oan ang m va 10 led ang sang dn tt dn,nu ta nhn nut thi
gian khac thi led 7 oan se m lai t u ng vi khoang thi gian o.
Khi led 7 oan m ht thi gian v 0 thi 10 led sang dn hoc tt dn ang vi tri led
nao thi sau khi ht hiu ng nhp nhay,10 led se sang dn hoc tt dn tip tuc vi tri
o.
n nut Reset thi mach tr lai trang thai ban u khi mi cp ngun.
II.3 S giai thut:
Begin
Khai bao cac

gia tri ban u
Nh
n
nut?
Nhn nut nao?

20s?30s?50s?
20
s
30
s
50
s
Trang 9
m ngc
20s va 10
led sang
dn tt dn
m ngc
30s va 10
led sang
dn tt dn
m v 0?
m v 0?
m v 0?
10 led ng
loat nhp
nhay 4 ln
10 led ng
loat nhp
nhay 4 ln
10 led ng
loat nhp
nhay 4 ln
m ngc
50s va 10
led sang
dn tt dn
S
Reset?
Reset?
End
II.4 Chng trinh phn mm:
Trang
10
Reset?
org 00h
ljmp main
org 03h
ljmp hai
org 13h
ljmp ba
org 0bh
ljmp nam
org 1bh
ljmp ngat1s
org 30h
main:
;======thiet lap interupt=====
mov ie,#8fh
setb it0
setb it1
mov tmod,#00010110b
mov th0,#-1
mov tl0,#-1
setb tr0
sogiay equ 7fh
mov sogiay,#0
mov r1,#0
mov r2,#20
mov p3,#0ffh
mov p0,#0ffh
;====***===
mainloop:
mov th1,#3ch
mov tl1,#0b0h
zero:
mov r1,sogiay
mov a,r1
jz zero
lcall display
setb tr1
loop:
mov p1,#0feh
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0fch
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0f8h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0f0h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0e0h
lcall delay200ms
Trang
11
mov p1,#0c0h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#80h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0
lcall delay200ms
mov p2,#0feh
lcall delay200ms
mov p2,#0fch
lcall delay200ms
mov p2,#0feh
lcall delay200ms
mov p2,#0ffh
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#80h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0c0h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0e0h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0f0h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0f8h
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0fch
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0feh
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0ffh
lcall delay200ms
ljmp loop
;=====sogiay===
hai:
mov sogiay,#20
mov r1,sogiay
lcall display
clr a
reti
ba:
mov sogiay,#30
mov r1,sogiay
lcall display
clr a
reti
nam:
clr tr0
clr tf0
mov sogiay,#50
Trang 12
mov r1,sogiay
lcall display
mov th0,#-1
mov tl0,#-1
setb tr0
clr a
reti
ngat1s:
clr tr1
djnz r2,goon
mov r2,#20
dec r1
lcall display
mov r7,a
mov a,r1
cjne a,#0,next
sjmp theend
next:
mov a,r7
ljmp goon
theend:
mov r4,#4
loopend:
mov p1,#0
mov p2,#0
lcall delay200ms
mov p1,#0ffh
mov p2,#0ffh
lcall delay200ms
djnz r4,loopend
mov r1,sogiay
lcall display
setb tr1
reti
goon:
mov th1,#3ch
mov tl1,#0b0h
setb tr1
reti
;========display========
display:
mov r7,a
mov a,r1
mov b,#10
div ab
swap a
orl a,b
mov p0,a
Trang
13
mov a,r7
ret
;========================
delay200ms:
mov r5,#100
loop3:
mov r6,#100
loop2:
mov r7,#10
djnz r7,$
djnz r6,loop2
djnz r5,loop3
ret
end
II.5 Mt s hinh anh:
Hinh II.2 - Mach vi x ly AT89C51
Hinh II.3 - Mach hoat ng
Trang
14
Hinh II.4 Ch 20s
Hinh II.5 Ch 30s
Trang
15
Hinh II.6 Ch 50s
Hinh II.7 Mach m phong
Trang
16
Hinh II.8 Mach in orcad
Trang
17
Chng III
KT LUN
VA
NGHI
..
III.1 Kt lun:
-
Mch c thit k vi vi x l AT89C51 nn c th hot ng n nh v lu di.
Mch ch cn ngun nui t 7 n 24 VDC.
Led sang kha u ep nhng do mach vi x ly va mach hoat ng chinh ring nn phai
ni jumper kha nhiu.
Mach co th thay i thi gian linh hoat bng cach n nut va khi khi ng chi cn n 1
trong 3 nut thi gian la mach co th chay lin tuc ng vi thi gian a chon.
Luc ve mach orcad thi phai ve ln nu khng cac ng ng d t nn tinh thm my

khng cao,khng nho gon.
Trong luc ve mach orcad con nhiu sai sot nn khi han mach phai chinh sa kha nhiu.
Khi khoan va han mach do ln u lam mach nn dn n mt s li c ban lam cho

mach thiu thm my.
Chng trinh vit kha dai va cha hoan hao lm.
Tuy mach a hin thi nh yu cu nhng ring chc nng reset a bi li.
Cach khc phuc:
- Ln sau nu ve mach orcad thi a ca mach vi x ly va mach hoat ng chinh lam
mt.
- Cn hoc hoi nhiu hn kin thc v ve mach orcad co th ve mach hoan chinh hn.
- Ren luyn thm v ky nng lam phn cng cua mach.
- Kim tra ki cang,tim cach khc phuc chc nng reset.
- Hoc hoi thm v cach vit va hiu ro chng trinh hn.
V mt thc t: Mach co th ng dung trong cac bin quang cao,trang tri nhng tinh
thc t khng cao lm vi mach con nm trong pham vi an,chc nng cua mach con n
gian,tinh my thut con thp,cha ap ng c yu cu cua xa hi hin ai hin nay.
III.2 Hng phat trin:
- Thay led 7 on bng hin th LCD d dng thao tc v qun l.
- Phat trin thm mt s dang hin thi va cac mau led khac nhau mach co th ng
dung vao cac bin quang cao quy m hn,ep hn.
- Thit k trn mt mach duy nht,tinh toan ky lng giam thiu s jumper,phu hp
vi yu cu thm my.
Trang
18
THNG TIN C NHN

H tn: L Duy Khang
Ngy sinh: 07/11/1991
Qu qun: TP.H Chi Minh
a ch: 26 ng 13 phng 4 qun 4 tp.hcm
in thoi: 0923442371
E-mail: dark_dargon3000@yahoo.com
Nghin cu khoa hc sinh vin:

C
Khng
ti:
Trang
19

Báo Cáo Đồ Án 1

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Báo Cáo Đồ Án 1

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TNG LIN ON LAO NG VIT NAM

HIU NG LED N CO CAI T

GVHD : Ths.L Anh Tun.

TP.HCM, ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2012.

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

TNG LIN ON LAO NG VIT NAM

HIU NG LED N CO CAI T

GVHD : Ths.L Anh Tun.

TP.HCM, ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2012.

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

CNG HOA XA HI CHU NGHIA VIT NAM

c lp-T do-Hanh Phuc

Giang vin hng dn

Ts.Vo Hoang Duy

Ths.L Anh Tun

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

NHN XT GIO VIN HNG DN

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 28 thang 04 nm 2012.

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

TP. H Ch Minh, ngay 28 thang 04 nm 2012.

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hnh I.1 S khi ca AT89C51.........................................................................2

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

I.1 Gii thiu tng qut Vi X L 8051

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hnh I.1 S khi ca AT89C51

Hnh I.2 S chn ca AT89C51

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hnh I.3 Port 0

Hnh I.4 Port 1

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hnh I.5 Port 2

Chc nng chuyn i

Hnh I.6 Port 3

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

+ RST (Reset chn 9): mc tch cc ca chn ny l mc 1, reset ta phi a mc

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hinh I.7 S chn IC 74LS47

Hinh I.8 S lc cach thc hoat ng ic 74ls47

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hinh I.9 - Gia tri hin thi trn LED 7 oan

Hinh I.10 Bang gia tri logic giai ma cua 74ls47

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

II.1 S nguyn ly:

Hinh II.1 S nguyn ly

st p ca led Vled = 1.8 ~ 2.5v =>chn 2v

st p chn vi iu khin Va = 0.9v

dng led sng p I = 10 ~ 20 mA => chn 10mA

= 210 => chn R= 220

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

II.2 Nguyn ly hoat ng:

Mach co 10 led vi 2 hiu ng khac nhau:sang dn tt dn va nhp nhay ng thi.

Khai bao cac

Nhn nut nao?

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

II.4 Chng trinh phn mm:

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin