DACNW

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B
BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

NGHA VIET NAM
GVHD: L Xun Hi
CONG HOA XA HOI CHU
TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA
oc lap T do Hanh
phuc
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh

Khoa: Cong nghe Hoa & Thc pham
Bo mon: Qua trnh va Thiet b
O AN
MON HOC: O AN CHUYN NGNH QT&TB

MA SO: 605109
1.
Ho va ten sinh vien: V Tin Dng

Lp: HC06MB
Nganh (neu co): Qu Trnh & Thit B
au e o an: Thiet ke h thng thp hp ph tinh luyn
cn pha xng
2. Nhiem vu (noi dung yeu cau va so lieu ban au):
Nong o nhap lieu: xF= 92%phan khoi lng
Nong o san pham cn khan: xW = 99,5% phan
khoi lng
Nguon nang lng va cac thong so khac t
chon
3. Noi dung cac phan thuyet minh va tnh toan:
Xem phan muc luc
4. Cac ban ve va o th (loai va kch thc ban ve):
Gom 2 ban ve A1: ban ve quy trnh cong nghe va ban
ve chi tiet thiet b
Ngay giao o an: 5/07/2010
5.
Ngay hoan thanh o an: 4/9/2010
6.
Ngay bao ve hay cham: 7/9/2010
7.
Ngay 4 thang 09 nam
2010
CHU NHIEM BO MON
NGI HNG
DAN
(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)
(Ky va ghi ro
ho ten)
Trang 1
GVHD: L Xun Hi
NHAN XET O AN
Can bo hng dan. Nhan xet:____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
iem:________________
Ch ky:_______________
Can bo cham hay Hoi ong bao ve. Nhan xet:________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
iem:________________
Ch ky:_______________
iem tong ket:
Trang 2
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Mc Lc
Mc Lc..........................................................................................................................................3
Chng 1.........................................................................................................................................4
2. Tnh cht v ng dng ca cn..............................................................................................9
3. Phng php hp ph (ry phn t)...................................................................................18
Chng 2.......................................................................................................................................29
Chng 3.......................................................................................................................................40
Chng 4.......................................................................................................................................41
Chng 5.......................................................................................................................................52
I. Chn tc nhn gii hp ph............................................................................52
Chng 6.......................................................................................................................................59
III. Tnh ton thit b ngng t sn phm ..........................................................78
Kt Lun
Ti Liu tham kho
Trang 3
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng 1
TNG QUAN
Trang 4
GVHD: L Xun Hi
I. Mc ch ti
1. Tnh thc tin ca ti
Cc nh khoa hc cho bit, chng ta ang sng trong mt giai on lch s mi cu tri
t k nguyn loi ngi khi chng ta l ngun lc chnh ca tri t. Nhng hin nay s
thnh cng thi qu ca con ngi gy ra nhng p lc cha tng thy cho h sinh thi tri
t v e da chnh loi ngi . Theo cc chuyn gia, chng ta ang phi i mt vi su vn
c lin quan ti nhau v rt cp bch:
-
Lng thc: C su ngi th c mt ngi b i v suy dinh dng trong khi qu
trnh cng nghip ha v dn s tng ang lm gim din tch trng cy lng thc
-
Nc: n nm 2025, 2/3 dn s th gii phi sng trong vng thiu nc sch
Nng lng: Hin nay ngun nng lng chnh ca chng ta n t du m v kh t,
trong khi ngun nhin liu ha thch ny ang khan him dn v d on s ht trong mt
tng lai rt gn
-
Bin i kh hu: Bin i kh hu v ang din ra trn ton th gii, n c nh hng
rt ln n i sng con ngi trn tri t

-
a dng sinh hc: Nhiu nh khoa hc cho rng th gii ang bc vo cuc i tuyt
chng ln th 6 do cc vn v nhim mi trng v tng dn s
Trang 5
GVHD: L Xun Hi
nhim: Cc cht c cho l nhim c trong t nhin t rt lu nhng hin gi
chng ang c nng cao n mc bo ng, n ang gy ra nhng thit hi v bin i to

ln i vi con ngi v sinh vt trn tri t.
Nh trn nu, nng lng v nhim l hai vn quan trng cp bch cn gii quyt
nhanh chng
Thc t cho thy, cng vi su pht trin mnh m ca nn i cng nghip th ko
theo l lng nng lng cn cho n cng tng ln rt ln. Trong khi ngun nng lng ha
thch ang ngy cng cn kit, theo nh d bo ca cc nh khoa hc th tr lng xng du
ca ton th gii ch cho khong 50 nm na
Mt khc vic s dng cc ngun nhin liu ha thch lm cho mi trng b nhim
nghim trng. Vic t chy nhin liu ha thch thi ra rt nhiu kh nhim nh COx, NOx,
SOx, cc hp cht hydrocacbon Gy nn nhiu hiu ng xu n mi trng sng, nh
hng ln n cht lng cuc sng
V vy vic tm ra ngun nng lng mi c kh nng ti to v thn thin vi mi
trng l iu rt quan trng v cn thit. Bn cnh vic s dng cc ngun nng lng nh
nng lng thy in, nng lng nguyn t, nng lng mt tri, nng lng gi, nng lng
thy triuTh nng lng c ngun gc sinh hc ang rt c quan tm. Ethanol l nhin
liu i t ngun gc sinh hc ang c c th gii quan tm. V hin nay Ethanol c s
Trang 6
GVHD: L Xun Hi
dng nh mt ph gia pha vo xng to thnh mt loi nhin liu c gi l gasohol hay
gasoline alcohol
c bit nc ta l mt nc c nn kinh t nng nghip l ch yu vi th mnh chnh
l cc ngnh trng trt v chn nui c bit l ngnh trng la go. Nc ta l nc c sn
lng la go xut khu ng th hai trn th gii vi nhng nm gn y kim nghch xut
khu go tng lin tc. Bn cnh ngnh trng trt rau c qu cng pht trin rt mnh.
Tt c cc yu t trn cho thy vic sn xut Ethanol pha xng t cc ph phm ca sn
xut nng nghip Vit Nam l rt kh thi
V nhng l do trn, ti Thit k phn xng tinh luyn cn tuyt i dng pha
xng l cng on cui cng ca dy chuyn sn xut cn pha xng c nh hng ln n
cht lng ca loi nhin liu mi ny
2. Li ch ca vic dng gasohol
Xt v mt nng lng th cn tinh luyn khng c li hn so vi xng (nng lng
sinh ra khi t chy cn ch bng 62% khi t chy xng) nhng vic ng dng gasohol vo
thc t s mang nhiu li ch kinh t:
-
Tit kim c lng xng nhp khu nu pha thm 10% Ethanol vo xng m bo
m ng c vn hot ng bnh thng th c ngha l ta s gim c 10% lng xng nhp

khu qua tit kim c rt nhiu ngn sch dnh cho vic nhp khu xng.
Trang 7
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Ethanol c ch s octane cao, nn khi pha thm Ethanol vo xng lm tng thm ch s
ny v cng ng thi tng cht lng xng

-
Tn dng cc ngun ph ph phm ca nng nghip sn xut cn nh rm r, mt
r, ng, snng thi to cng n vic lm cho nhn dn. Hng nm nc ta c khong 31
triu tn rm r, ngoi vic sn xut nm rm ra th y l ngn sn xut cn rt ln, rt c
trin vng
-
Gip n nh vn v an ninh nng lng v gim bt ph thuc nng lng vo cc
quc gia khc
II. Nhng c tnh ca cn tinh luyn

1. Cc phng php sn xut cn
1.1. Hydrat ha ethylen
Ethanol c s dng nh l nguyn liu cng nghip v thng thng n c sn
xut t cc nguyn liu du m, ch yu l thng qua phng php hydat ha ethylen trn xc
0
tc axit, c trnh by theo phn ng ha hc sau. Cho ethylen hp nc 300 C p sut 70

80 atm vi xc tc l axit photphoric:
2
H C = CH +H O CH CH OH
1.2. Phng php ln men
Trang 8
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Ethanol s dng trong ung cha cn cng nh phn ln ethanol s dng trong
cng nghip, nhin liu c sn xut theo phng php ln men: qu trnh ny l chuyn
ha ng thnh ethanol bng nm men (ngi ta thng dng loi Saccharomyses cerevisiae)
trong iu kin khng c oxy hay iu kin ym kh, phn ng ha hc tng qut c vit
nh sau:
6
12
C H O 2 CH CH OH + 2CO
Qu trnh nui cy men ru c gi l men. Sau khi chuyn ha ht ng ngi ta lc
ly dung dch v em chng ct nng cao nng ethanol
2. Tnh cht v ng dng ca cn
2.1. Tnh cht vt l
Ethanol l cht lng khng mu, mi thm, d chy, d ht m, c phn cc mnh.
Ethanol c th ha tan nhiu cht v c cng nh hu c nn c s dng lm dung mi rt
tt. Ethanol d chy v c th to hn hp n vi khng kh. Ethanol to hn hp ng ph vi
0
nc 89,4% mol, nhit si ca hn hp ny 1 atm l 78,4 C

0
15
4
Nhit si ca ethanol nguyn cht 78,39 C, t trng d

p
-1
= 0,794, nhit dung ring
-1
ng p C (16 C -21 C) = 2,42 J.g .K , nhit chy 1370,82 kJ/mol

2.2. ng dng
Trang 9
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Cn l hn hp Ethanol v nc c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh vc ca i sng x

hi:
-
Cn pha vi nc thnh ung, ch bin thc n, ch bin cc loi hng
Trong y t cn l nguyn liu trung gian sn xut nhiu loi thuc, cn cn lm cht
st trng
-
Trong ngnh cng nghip sn cn dng lm dung mi
Trong cng nghip hng liu v nc hoa cn dn lm dung mi
Trong ha hc cn l cht trung gian sn xut ra cc ha cht khc nh: axit acetic,
andehyt acetic, etyl acetat

-
Dng lm nhin liu pha xng E10, E20, E85, E100
III. Cn nhin liu

1. Lch s pht trin
T nhng nm 20 ca th k XX cn c nghin cu, s dng lm nhin liu cho
ng c t xe my thay th cho xng du. in hnh cho hng i tin phong ny l M v
Brasil. Tuy nhin vi vic pht hin ra cc m du c tr lng ln cng vi s pht trin
Trang 10
GVHD: L Xun Hi
mnh m ca ngnh cng nghip lc ha du sn xut ra sn phm xng du cht lng cao
gi thnh h lm cho cn nhin liu b y li
Nm 1973 vi cuc khng hong nng lng th vn dng cn nhin liu li c
cp nhng phi n u th k XXI h hng pht trin cn nhin liu mi c u tin
pht trin tuy vy n vn ch ng vai tr th yu so vi cc nhin liu ha thch, nhng trong
tng lai n c th l ngun nng lng chnh kh du m cn kit.
Trn th gii hin nay c cc nc M, Ty u, Brasil, Trung Quc, Nht Bn ang l
cc nc sn xut cn nhin liu nhiu nht
2. Yu cu v cht lng
Thc ra cn cng l hp cht cacbuahydro nh du m nn c tnh chy n tt. V vy
v nguyn tc vi cn khan 99,5% tr ln l c th cho vo ng c chy c, tuy nhin cn
c nhiu c tnh nh n mn kim loi, lm h cc chi tit cao su hay nha trong ng c nn
nu khng ci tin ng c th khng th thay th hon ton xng bng cn khan chy ng
c c.
i vi t, xe gn my thng thng ch c s dng xng pha cn vi nng ti
a l 10% (xng E10). Vi xng E10 khng cn ci tin hay thay i ng c m c th chy
hon ton bnh thng so vi vic dng 100% xng. Cn pha xng ngy nay c tiu
chun ha v cht lng, ty theo quc gia quy nh, sau y l mt s tiu chun in hnh
Trang 11
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Bng 1: Yu cu k thut ca cn nhin liu
STT
Tn ch tiu
Gii hn
Ethanol, % th tch, min
92,1
Methanol, % th tch, max
0,5
Hm lng nha ra qua dung mi,
5,0
mg/100ml, max
4
Hm lng nc, % th tch, max
1,0
Hm lng cht bin tnh (xng, naphta), %
1,96 5,0
th tch, min max

6
Hm lng Clorua v c, mg/l, max
32
Hm lng ng, mg/kg, max
0,1
axit (axit acetic), mg/l, max
0,007
pH, min max
6,5 9,0
10
Lu hunh, mg/kg, max
30
11
Sulfat, mg/kg, max

0
4
3
12
Khi lng ring 15 C, kg/m
13
Ngoi quan
Trong
Trang 12
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Bng 2: Tiu chun cn nhin liu ca M nm 2003
STT
Tn ch tiu
n v
Gii hn
g/ml
0,796
T trng ti 15,6 C, max

0
Nng ethanol 15,6 C, min
% tt
99,5
Tnh kim
Khng c
Axit qui v axit acetic, max
% KL
0,006
Lng cht rn cn li khi bc hi
% KL
0,005
nguyn liu, max

3
Lng aldehyde qui v CH COOC H
g/100ml
0,10
Ch (Pb), max
g/100ml
Khng c
Methyl alcohol
Ppm
Tha mn cc yu
cu mi trng
Trang 13
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Ketones, isopropyl, tertiary butyl
Ppm
Tha mn cc yu
cu mi trng
10
Cc hp cht cha lu hunh
% tt
Khng c
n v
Gii hn
g/ml
0,7961
Bng 3: Tiu chun cn nhin liu ca n
STT
Tn ch tiu
0
T trng ti 15,6 C, max

0
Nng ethanol 15,6 C, min
% tt
99,5
Tnh kim
Khng c
Axit qui v axit acetic, max
mg/l
30
Lng cht rn cn li khi bc hi
%KL
0,005
mg/l
60
nguyn liu, max

6
Lng aldehyde qui v

3
5,
CH COOC H max
7
ng (Cu), max
mg/kg
0,1
Methyl alcohol, max
mg/kg
300
Kh nng dn in, max
microS/m
300
3. Cc phng php pha cn vo xng

Cn c th c s dng lm nhin liu cho vo ng c nhiu dng khc nhau, c
th l pha ln vi xng vi t l no hoc s dng 100% cn. Qua vic th nghim trn cc
Trang 14
GVHD: L Xun Hi
loi ng c vi nhin liu c cn ngi ta thy rng nu t l cn khng qu 10%tt th khng

cn thay i kt cu ng c
Hin nay trn th trng ang lu hnh cc loi xng pha cn nh E5, E7, E10, E15,
E20, E85, E95, E100. K hiu E c ngha l xng pha cn cn ch s c ngha l phn trm th
tch ca cn trong xng
4. u nhc im ca xng pha cn vi xng truyn thng
Ethanol c ch s octane cao RON = 120 135, MON = 100 106, thng c pha
vo xng vi t l 10%tt 15%tt. Khi pha vo xng do bn thn ethanol c ch s octane cao
nn n cng lm tng ch s octane chung ca xng
Mt khc, do bn thn qu trnh chy trong ng c l chy cng bc trong iu kin
thiu oxy nn mt s cht khng chy hon ton v sinh ra CO gy c hi. Khi a ethanol
vo th s c cc u im sau:
-
t chy hon ton cc cht trong hn hp chy nh c thm oxy trong ethnol gim
tiu hao nng lng do chy khng ht

-
Oxy ha cc kh c hi trong qu trnh chy ln s oxy ha cao nht t c hi hn vi
mi trng
Bn cnh s dng ethanol pha xng cng c nhng nhc im:
-
Ethanol khan rt ho nc do qu trnh bo qun s kh khn

Trang 15
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Ethanol kh bay hi hn phn nh trong xng nn khi nhit xung thp s kh khi
ng ng c
-
Nc c trong cn pha xng c th lm tch lp
Gi cn hin nay tng i cao
Ngoi nhc im trn, do ethanol ch yu c sn xut t nng nghip nn cn phi
cn i hp l gia vic s dng lng thc lm nguyn liu sn xut cn v thc phm
sinh hot
IV. Cc phng php sn xut cn nhin liu

Ethanol thu c sau qu trnh ln men r ng, tinh bt hoc xenllulo c nng
khong 10%tt 12%tt. thu c cn c nng ln hn nng ti im ng ph thng
thng phi tri qua cc giai on chnh sau:
Giai on 1: S dng cc phng php chng ct thng thng nng cao cn ti
gn im ng ph (96,4%tt)
Giai on 2: S dng cc phng php c bit khc tinh ch, lm khan cn. lm
khan cn hin nay ngi ta thng s dng cc phng php:

Chng luyn:
Trang 16
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng luyn ng ph
Trch ly mui rn
Phng php bay hi thm thu qua mng
Phng php hp ph
1. Phng php chng luyn
1.1. Phng php chng luyn ng ph
Nguyn tc ca phng php ny l cho thm cu t th ba vo hn hp ph im
ng ph, cu t th ba ny s to thnh vi cu t d bay hi thnh mt dung dch ng ph c
bay hi ln hn v sn phm y thp s dng nguyn cht.
Cu t th ba thng dng l Benzene, Clorofom, toluene
1.2. Phng php trch ly vi mui rn
Trong mt vi h no khi ha tan cho php th ta c th ha tan mui vo trong
pha lng, ng hn l thm vo cht lng nh l mt tc nhn ring cho qu trnh chng luyn
trch ly. Khi mui s lm thay i thnh phn hn hp trng thi cn bng m khng lm
thay i hn hp trng thi u, i vi h ethanol nc khi thm mui khan lm cho
bay hi thay i ng k
2. Phng php bay hi thm thu qua mng
Trang 17
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Phng php bay hi thm thu qua mng lc da trn nguyn tc s dng mng c
kh nng ht nc cao, c kh nng thm thu ngc tch nc ra khi hn hp cc cu t.
Bay hi qua mng rt hiu qu cho qu trnh phn tch hn hp lng v d nh loi
nc ra khi hn hp ethanol nc sn xut cn cao . Kch thc ca mng ph thuc
lu lng chy qua mng. Phng php ny mng lc rt d b ng c hay mt dn kh nng
thm thu nn thng xuyn thay mng
Hnh 1. Nguyn tc ca phng php thm thu qua mng

3. Phng php hp ph (ry phn t)
Ry phn t (hay cn gi l sng phn t) l qu trnh s dng cc cht hp ph chn
lc phn ring hn hp c nng thp. Khi cho mt hn hp cc cu t c kch thc
khc nhau i qua cht hp ph th cu t c kch thc nh hn kch thc mao qun cht hp
ph s c gi li cn cu t c kch thc ln hn s i ra ngoi v ta thu c dng vt
cht c nng cao hn. Li dng tnh cht ny ca cc cht hp ph ngi ta s dng
Trang 18
GVHD: L Xun Hi
lm khan hn hp ethnol nc, vi cht hp ph thng dng l zeolite, than hot tnh,
silicagel
Kch thc ng hc ca ethanol v nc c bit hin nay l:
0
Kch thc ng hc ca nc 2,57 A

0
Kch thc ng hc ca ethnol 4,46 A

0
Do vt liu hp ph c kch thc mao qun nm trong khong 2,57 A 4,46 A s

c kh nng lm khan c cn v ngi ta thng dng Zeolite 3A hoc 4A lm cht hp
ph. Tuy vy vn cha c kt lun cui cng no cho thy zeolite 3A hay 4A c kh nng lm
khan cn tt hn. Khi nh hp ph th s dng kh Nit nng hoc dng trc tip cn khan
nh hp
Trong cng ngh lm khan cn bng cht hp ph li c thc hin bng rt nhiu
cch: hp ph cn di dng hi, cn dng lng, thc hin hp ph bng hai thp hay ba thp,
thp tng c nh hoc tng siDi y l s cng ngh ca cc phng php trn
Trang 19
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Hnh 2. S hp th cn dng hi s dng hai thp
Trang 20
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Hnh 3. S hp th cn dng hi s dng ba thp
Trang 21
GVHD: L Xun Hi
4. Phn tch u nhc im ca tng phng php

4.1. Phng php chng luyn ng ph
u im:
-
L phng php tch hiu qu h hai hay nhiu cu t c to thnh im ng ph khi
tin hnh chng iu kin thng

-
Vi vic la chn dung mi hp l qu trnh chng ct s n gin d vn hnh

Nhc im:
Bng vic thm vo Benzene, cyclohexane trong sn phm s cn li mt lng d
lng nh nhng cht ny, nhng y l nhng cht rt c hi vi c th con ngi

-
Yu cu v nng lng nhit cao
Gi thnh sn phm tng i cao

4.2 Phng php chng luyn trch ly vi mui khan
u im
Trang 22
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng luyn trch ly c th tao ra sch cao hn cc thp lm sch thng thng. C
vn u t v chi ph vn hnh u gim

-
Phng php ny s dng tc nhn l mui tng i d kim v r tin , thit b vn
hnh n gin, nng sn phm cao

Nhc im
-
Ring vi cn nhin liu ngi ta i hi hm lng cht rn ho tanrt t v vy c th
phi c cng on tch mui

-
S c mt ca mui dn n n mn vt liu cao, phi ch tao thit b chu n mn
tt
4.3. Phng php ry phn t
u im
-
C th nng cao cn ln ti 99,9% tt vi phng php hp ph ph hp
C th thay th cc thng s vn hnh trong khong rng
Khng c cc tc nhn c hi
C th s dng cht hp ph sau nhiu ln ti sinh
Thit b cu to n gin d vn hnh
Trang 23
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Nhc im
-
Phng php ny ch p dng vi nng u vo ca cn cao,thng l ngay ti gn
im ng ph. Bi v nu lng nc cha trong hn hp cn nhiu s lm cho lp hp ph

nhanh chng b bo ha nng sut s thp, qu trnh ti sinh tn nhiu nng lng
V. Vt liu hp ph Zeolite
1. Cu trc ca zeolite
Zeolite l vt liu xp c bit n u tin vo nm 1756 bi nh khong vt
hc ngi Thy in A.F. Cronsteds. Zeolite t nhin c hnh thnh trong qu trnh hot
ng ca ni la v l cc Aluminosilicat tinh th cu trc mao qun rt ng u cho php
chng sng lc nhng phn t theo cu trc xc nh. Hin nay c hn 40 loi Zeolite c tm
thy trong t nhin v c khong 100 loi zeolite tng hp vi kch thc mao qun nm trong
0
khong 3A 30A . Kch thc mao qun dng t tn cho vt liu ny v n cng l yu t
quyt nh n tnh cht ca zeolite. Thnh phn c bn ca zeolite nh sau:
+
2 x
2 y
(M ) .(AlO ) .(SiO ) .zH O

Trong :
M: l cation b tr in tch khung
x: l s cation b tr in tch
Trang 24
GVHD: L Xun Hi
z: S phn t nc kt tinh trong Zeolite

2. Phn loi Zeolite
2.1. Phn loi theo kch thc mao qun
Theo kch thc mao qun th zeolite c chia lm ba loi sau y:
0
Zeolite mao qun rng: ng knh mao qun ln hn 8A

0
Zeolite mao qun trung bnh: ng knh nm trong khong 5A 8A

0
Zeolite mao qun nh: ng knh mao qun nh hn 5A

2.2.Phn loi Zeolite theo t l Si/Al
Ty thuc vo hm lng Si v Al c trong thnh phn zeolite m chng c phn
loi nh sau:
-
Loi giu Al: theo quy tc ca Lowenstain th hm lng Si trong Zeolite ln hn ca
Al, tc l t s Si/Al lun ln hn mt, da vo t s ny ta phn loi. Trong loi giu Al th

in hnh l cc zeolite 3A, 4A, 5A vi cc cation b tr in tch ln lt l Na, K, v Ca
-
Loi c hm lng Al trung bnh: vi t s Si/Al trong khong 1,2 2,5 ta c cc
zeolite thuc loi ny l zeolite h X, Y

-
Loi giu Si (t Al): loi ny c t l Si/Al ln hn 2,5, tiu biu cho loi ny c ZSM
5, ZSM- 11
Trang 25
GVHD: L Xun Hi
3. Xc nh b mt ring ca zeolite
xc nh b mt ring ca zeolite ta da vo cng thc
r
S = n .N.S
m /g
Trong :
2
S : din tch b mt ring ca cht hp ph, m /g

2
S : Din tch b mt ca mt phn t cht b hp ph, m

(Gn ng c th coi Sm bng tit din ngang ca cht b hp ph, tham kho bng 4)
N: s Avogadro
m
n : S mol cht b hp ph n lp trn 1g cht hp ph, mol/g
Bng 4. Tit din ngang ca mt s cht kh

0 2
Cht b hp ph
Nhit , K
Sm, (A )
77
16,2
90
14,1
Ar
77
13,8
Kr
77
20,2
Xe
273
22
CO
195
16,8
N
2
Trang 26
GVHD: L Xun Hi
CO
298
20,7
298
10,8
HO
Mt khc ta cng phi ht sc cn thn trnh trng hp hp ph l hp ph ha hc

hay hp ph a lp khi s mol cht hp ph n lp trn mt gam cht hp ph b thay i
dn ti xc nh sai b mt ring.
Ngy nay ngi ta s dng phng trnh BET xc nh b mt ring nh l mt tiu
chun v chnh xc cng nh cch thc hin khng phc qu phc tp
m
T phng trnh BET ta xc nh s mol n t gi tr V nh sau:

P
1
C 1 P
=
+
.
V .( P0 P) Vm .C Vm .C P0
0
Phng trnh ny c ng dng trong khong P/P = 0,05 0,35

m
T phng trnh trn ta xc nh gi tr V , v c gi tr nng C suy ra c n

4. Mt s c trng ca Zeolite 4A
0
Zeolite 4A l loi Zeolite c kch thc mao qun trung bnh 4A . Zeolite 4A c hnh
2
thnh nh s kt hp gia oxit natri, oxit nhm, oxit silic vi nhau vi t l 1Na O: 1Al O :
2
2SiO : xH O. Bng 5 di y s lit k cc tnh cht c trng ca Zeolite 4A
Bng 5. c tnh k thut ca Zeolite
Trang 27
GVHD: L Xun Hi
c tnh k thut
M t
n v
Hnh tr
Hnh cu
ng knh
mm
1,5-1,7
3,0-3,3
1,7-2,5
3,0-5,0
Mc ng u
%, min
98
98
96
96
Khi lng ring xp
g/cm3, min
Mc hao mn do c st
%, max
0,20
0,25
0,20
0,20
Cng chu lc
N, min
30/cm
45/cm
60/cm
70/cm
Kh nng hp ph
%, min
20,5
20,5
20,5
20,5
Mc hao mn do nhit
%, max
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
0,67 ~ 0,75
cao 575 C/3h
Trang 28
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng 2
C S L THUYT HP PH
I. Thuyt hp ph ng nhit Langmuir
Theo Langmuir trn b mt cht hp ph c trng lc ha tr cha bo ha v vy c th
hp ph cc phn t cht b hp ph ti cc v tr ny cc v tr ny c c gi l trung tm
hp ph. Lc hp ph c bn knh tc dng rt nh l lc bn cht gn vi lc ha hc nn mi
tm ch gi li c mt phn t cht hp ph to thnh lp hp ph n lp trn b mt cht
hp ph. Cc phn t cht hp ph ch tng tc vi trung tm hp ph m khng tng tc
vi cc trung tm khc hay cc phn t khc gn .
Nhng gi thit khi lp phng trnh Langmuir
Cc cht b hp ph to thnh n lp phn t
Nng lng hp ph cc phn t l ng nht (b mt ng nht)
S hp ph l thun nghch
Tng tc gia cc phn t cht b hp ph vi nhau c th b qua
Trang 29
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Nu ta xem rng b mt hp ph c cc trung tm hp ph c din tch S, phn b mt b

1
cc phn t cht b hp ph chim S , vy phn cn trng s l S = S S

Vy tc hp ph s ph thuc v din tch b mt cn trng, p sut hi trn b mt, mc
E
hot ng ca cc RT
trung tm hp ph. Mc hot ng ca trung tm hp ph c tnh
theo i lng
, trong E l nng lng hot ha ca qu trnh hp ph.
Trong khi vn tc
E ' gii hp t l vi phn din tch b che ph v mc hot ng ca
e RT
qu trnh nh hp
, trong E l nng lng hot ha ca qu trnh nh hp
Khi qu trnh cn bng ta c:
k02.P.(S S1 ).e
01
E
RT
= k01.S1.e
E'
RT
02
Trong k , k l cc hng s t l, ta c th biu din phng trnh trn nh sau

q
k
S
P=
= 01 .e RT
S S1 k02
Vi q = E E n chnh l nhit hp ph
Gi:
S1
S
l phn b mt b hp ph
q
1 k01 RT
=
.e
K k02
l hng s ch ph thuc nhit
Trang 30
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Khi phng trnh hp ph c dng
Thay
K .P
1 + K .P
v
vo phng trnh trn ta c
vm
v = vm
K .P
1 + K .P
Hay ta chuyn v dng
P
1
P
=
+
v K .vm vm
II. Thuyt hp ph Fruendlich

Nghin cu thc nghim qu trnh hp ph Fruendlich a ra phng trnh thc nghim:
1/n
x = K.P
x- hp ph, P- p sut kh cn bng trn b mt hp ph, K- hng s, n- s phn t b hp
ph
1/n
Nu n < 5 th x = K.P
Suy ra dng ng thng:
Lgx = lgb +(1/n).lgP
Trang 31
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Nu n > 5 ta c dng ca ng Fruendlich

1
x = C +C lnP
1
Trong C , C l cc hng s
III. Thuyt hp ph ng nhit Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET)

Trong thc t ngi ta thy c nhiu dng ng ng nhit hp ph khc vi ng ng
nhit Fruendlich hay Langmuir. Cc nh khoa hc Brunauer Emmett- Teller tm ra l
thuyt gii thch v mi quan h nh lng chng di dng phng trnh ng nhit BET. L
thuyt BET cho rng s hp ph kh, hi trn b mt cht rn l hp ph vt l, giai on p
sut thp th tun theo quy lut nh ca phng trnh ng nhit hp ph ca Langmuir, nu
tng p sut th s din ra qu trnh hp ph a lp khi p sut tin ti bng p sut hi bo
ha trn b mt rn th c th xy ra hin tng ngng t trong cc mao qun hp ph. Nh
vy theo BET cc phn t cht hp ph khng chuyn ng t do trn b mt v khng tng
tc vi nhau, nhng im khc nhau c th hnh thnh nhiu lp hp ph nhng tng b mt
l khng i. thit lp phng trnh ng nhit BET ngi ta tha nhn gi thit ca
Langmuir v b sung thm mt s iu
Enthanpy ca cc phn t khng thuc lp th nht u bng nhau v bng enthanpy
ha lng
Trang 32
GVHD: L Xun Hi
S lp hp ph tr ln v cng ln p sut bo ha
Da trn c s ngi ta thit lp phng trnh BET
P
P0
V
=
=
P
Vm (1 ).(1 P + C. P )
P0
P0
P0
C.
Hay c th vit di dng

P
1
C 1 P
=
+
.
V .( P P0 ) Vm .C Vm .C P0
Trong :
V: th tch cht b hp ph trn mt gam cht hp ph
m
V : th tch cht hp ph cn thit to ra mt n lp cht b hp ph trn b mt ca 1

gam cht rn p sut cn bng P
0
P : p sut hi bo ha ca cht b hp ph
m
= V/V : b mt b hp ph
C: hng s thc nghim
IV. Mt s thc nghim v phng php hp ph sn xut cn bng vt liu zeolite
1. Bo co ca E.Lalik, R.Mirek, J.Raocry, A.Groszek 17/4/2006 Microcalorimetric
study of sorption of water and ethanol
Trang 33
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Lng Zeolite trong mu: 0,02g

Lng cht mang (thch anh): 0,2g
0
Nhit kho st: zeolite 3A l 98 C, 5A l 95 C

2
Din tch b mt ring 410m /g
Bng 6. Kt qu tnh ton t thc nghim
Loi
Tng
Lng
Enthanpy
Tng
Lng
Enthanpy
Nhit hp
Zeolite
nhit
Ethanol
hp ph
nhit
Ethanol
hp nh
ph bt
v nhit
hp
hp ph
kJ/mol
nh
sau nh
ph
thun
ph, mJ
mmol
hp,mJ
hp
kJ/mol
nghc
mmol
3A, RT
kJ/mol
180,7
1,5
120,5
57,1
0,4
142,7
112,4
3A,98 C
160,4
0,9
178,2
58,2
0,5
116,4
255,5
5A, RT
727,8
14,9
48,8
195,5
4,8
40,7
52,7
2262
35,1
63,8
429,7
8,1
53,0
69,7
5A,95 C
Qua kt qu trn thy rng Zeolite 5A khng th dng lm cht hp ph lm kha cn

c. Zeolite 3A l cht hp ph co u im hn r rt v nhit v lng ethanol hp ph
Trang 34
GVHD: L Xun Hi
2. Thc nghim Nghin cu kho st ng hc qu trnh hp ph cn bng Zeolite

4A (Lun vn tt nghip K05 Nguyn Vn Phc H Bch Khoa tp HCM)
H thng th nghim:
ng knh trung bnh ht zeolite: 2mm
Loi Zeolite 4A nhp t Trung Quc
Tng khi lng zeolite 338,623g
Ct hp ph hnh tr cao 300mm, ng knh 60mm
Vt liu: thp CT3
B dy 2mm
0
Nng cn u vo dng hi: 92% khi lng, c un si v qu nhit ti 120 C

0
130 C. Gii hp ph bng cn khan 99,2% khi lng, nhit 160 C hoc c gii hp ph
bng kh Nito kh.
Trang 35
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Hnh 5. Lng nc hp ph theo thi gian cc ch p sut khc nhau vi nhit hi

0
vo 120 C
T hnh trn ta thy rng p sut cng ln th lng nc hp ph cng nhiu hay p
sut cao thun li cho qu trnh hp ph
Trang 36
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Hnh 6. nh hng ca nhit ln lng nc b hp ph p sut 35 PSI
T th trn ta c th thy nhit thp th qu trnh hp ph thun li hn

Phng trnh ng nhit hp ph
P(PSI)
5
10
25
30
35
mH2O(g)
30.059
72
33.685
09
35.644
83
39.042
58
43.211
82
x(gH2O/gzeolit
e)
0.0887704
6
0.0994766
7
0.1052640
5
0.1152980
7
0.1276104
1
P/x
56.325
04
100.52
61
237.49
80
260.19
52
274.27
23
Trang 37
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Hnh 7. Mi quan h gia P/x v P
T th ta c
P
= 25,142 + 7,6486
x
m
H2O
Suy ra x = 0,1308 g
zeolite
/g
Qu trnh nh hp ph
Trong qu trnh nh hp ph ta s dng trc tip hi cn khan khi qua thp hp ph lm
tc nhn gii hp
Trang 38
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Hnh 8. Tng quan mi quan h gia tc hp ph v gii hp (140 C v -0,7atm)

T th trn ta thy rng trong khong 0 n 250 pht th tc gii hp ln hn tc
hp ph do trong khong thi gian ny ta c th s dng tnh ton cho qu trnh hp
0
ph v gii hp. Ta chn qu trnh gii hp tai nhit 140 C, lu lng cn khan gii hp
bng 20% lu lng cn khan ra khi thp hp ph, p sut gii hp - 0,7atm
Trang 39
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng 3
QUY TRNH CNG NGH

I. La chn quy trnh cng ngh
Qua tham kho cc ti liu v phn tch cc thng s u vo i n chn cng ngh hp
ph s dng cht ry phn t Zolite lm khan cn, qu trnh gii hp la chn mi cht gii
hp l kh nito khan c bn rng ri trn th trng.
II. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

Cn lng vi nng 92% khi lng c bm 2 bm t bn cha 3 ln thit b to hi,
0
y cn lng c ha hi v qu nhit ti 80 C v c nn ln p sut 3,5 at ti my nn 5,

dng hi cn nguyn liu tip tc c a qua thit b tch du 6 trc khi y vo thp hp
ph. H thng thp hp ph bao gm hai thp lm vic gin on song song nhau, trong khi
mt thp lm nhim v hp ph th thp kia lm nhim v gii hp c lin tc chuyn i nh
Trang 40
GVHD: L Xun Hi
vy. Qu trnh gii hp c thc hin bng dng kh nito khan c cp t bn cha 10 v
0
nn ln p sut 1,5at a qua thit b gia nhit 7 nng nhit ln 300 C v a vo thp gii
hp. Gia qu trnh gii hp v hp ph c thi gian cn bng x p cao t thp hp ph
xung 1,5 at sau mi a dng hi nito vo gii hp, dng kh x p c sc vo nc v
tun hon li h thng chng ct to cn nguyn liu cho qu trnh hp ph
Chng 4
QU TRNH HP PH
I. Cn bng vt cht cho qu trnh hp ph
Cc k hiu:
Trang 41
GVHD: L Xun Hi
G : Lu lng cn vo thp hp ph, kg/h

r
G : Lu lng dng cn khan ra khi thp, kg/h

H2O
: Lng nc b hp ph trong thp, kg/h
G : Khi lng zeolite cn dng, kg

v
: Khi lng ring ca hn hp hi u vo

r
: Khi lng ring hn hp kh u ra

tb
: Khi lng ring trung bnh ca hn hp kh u vo v u ra ca thp

3
yv
C : Nng pha hi u vo, kg nc/m ethanol

yr
C : Nng pha hi u ra, kg nc/m ethanol

3
yv
C *: Nng pha hi cn bng u vo, kg nc/m ethanol

yr
C *: Nng pha hi cn bng u ra, kg nc/m ethanol

r
X : Nng ethanol u ra, phn trm khi lng

v
X : Nng ethanol u vo, phn trm khi lng
Khi lng ring ca pha hi i vo thp

Khi lng ring ca hi ethanol
Trang 42

E = 0 .
GVHD: L Xun Hi
T0 .P
M 273 .P
46 273 .2,5
=
.
=
.
= 3,56 kg / m 3
T .P0 22,4 T .P0
22,4 393 .1
Khi lng ring ca hi nc
N = 0 .
T0 .P
M 273 .P
18 273.2,5
=
.
=
.
= 1,39 kg / m 3
T .P0 22,4 T .P0
22,4 393 .1
Khi lng ring ca pha hi u vo
V = 1 . E + 2 . N = 0,92.3,56 + 0,08.1,39 = 3,38kg / m 3

Khi lng ring pha hi i ra khi thp
Dng hi i ra khi thp c nng ethanol rt cao(99,5%V) nn ta coi dng ny l nguyn

cht tnh
R = E = 0 .
T0 .P
M 273 .P
46 273 .2,5
=
.
=
.
= 3,56 kg / m 3
T .P0 22,4 T .P0
22,4 393 .1
Tnh cn bng vt cht cho cu t b hp ph l nc:
Lu lng cn ra khi thp hp ph

r
G = 5000l/h = 5000.0,356 = 1780 kg/h

Lu lng dng tr (dng ethanol) u ra
tr
G = G .x = 1780.0,995 = 1771,1 kg/h
Trang 43
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Lu lng dng hi nc u ra
NR
= 1780 -1771,1 = 8,9 kg/h
Lu lng dng kh tr u vo cng v u ra khng thay i(ta coi ethanol hon ton khng b
hp ph)
nv
Gi G : Lu lng dng hi nc vo thp, ta c
XV =
GNV
= 0,08
GNV + GTr
NV
Suy ra G = 154 kg/h

Lng nc b hp ph bi lp Zeolite
H2O
= 154 8,9 = 145,1 kg/h
Lu lng tng cng dng vo

V
= 154 + 1771,1 = 1925,1 kg/h
Dng vo
Lu
Lu
Lu
Dng ra
Nng
Lu
Lu
Lu
Nng
Trang 44
GVHD: L Xun Hi
lng
lng
lng
lng
lng
lng
Ethanol,
Nc,
%khi
Ethanol,
Nc,
%khi
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
lng
kg/h
kg/h
lng
1925,1
1771,1
154
0,08
1771,1
8,9
0,005
1780
II. Tnh ton chiu cao lp hp ph

Chiu cao lp hp ph c th tnh theo nhiu phng php ty vo s liu ng cn
bng, phng php v thit b thc hin qu trnh. Chiu cao thp c tnh theo phng php
tng qut da vo s n v truyn khi
V
H= g
S .k y
Cyv
Cyr
dC
y Cy *
Trong :
3
V : Lu lng hn hp hi u vo, m /s
y
k : h s truyn khi, m/s

3
C *: Nng cn bng ca hi nc trong hn hp hi g/m

2
S: Tit din ngang ca thp, m

1. ng knh ca thp
D=
Vg
0,785.
Qv
1925,1
=
= 0,795m
3600.0,785..
3600.0,785.0,302.3,56
Trang 45
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chn ng knh thp 0,8m, tnh li tc dng kh ta c = 0,3m/s

1.1. H s truyn khi
Phng trnh chun s m t qu trnh truyn khi trong thp chm
Sh = 1,17 Re 0,585 .Sc1 / 3

Trong
Sh chun s Sherwood, Re chun s Renold, Sc chun s Schmit
Sh =
k y .d
D
Re =
.w.d
,
Sc =
D.
Hay tng ng vi
k y = 1,17
( wd ) 0,585 . 0,252 .D 2 / 3
0, 252 .d
Vi
D: h s khuch tn phn t ca hi nc ti nhit lm vic
y
: tc dng hi tnh trn ton tit din thp, m/s

d: ng knh trung bnh ca ht hp ph, m
2
: nht ca hn hp hi, N.s /m
Trang 46
GVHD: L Xun Hi
: khi lng ring pha hi, kg/m

1.2. Tnh h s khuch tn D
D=
4,3.10 7.T 1,5

1
P( A 3
1
1
4,3.10 7.3931,5
1 1
+
=
+
= 4,17.10 6 m 2 / s
1
1
1
+ B 3 ) M A M B 3,5.(52,9 3 + 18,9 3 ) 18 46
Vi:
A
, : ln lt l th tch mol ca kh hi nc, ethanol cm /mol

P: p sut tng, at
T: nhit , K
A
M , M : Khi lng mol ca hi nc v ethanol
k y = 1,17
( wd ) 0,585 . 0,252 .D 2 / 3
0, 252 .d
= 1,17
(0,3.4.10 3 ) 0,585 .3,6 0, 252.( 4,17.10 6 ) 2 / 3

= 3,56m / s
(0,46.10 3 ) 0, 252 .4.10 3
2. Tnh chiu cao thp

Chiu cao thp hp ph c tnh theo cng thc tng qut
H=
Vg
S .k y
Cyv
Cyr
dC
y Cy *
Trong vng ng thng ca ng ng nhit th tch phn trong cng thc trn c
tnh bng ng lc trung bnh logarit
Trang 47
C y lg =
GVHD: L Xun Hi
C y C yc
C y
ln
C yc
yc
yc
yc
Trong C , C l ng lc ln v nh hai u thp C = C - C *, C = C

yc
-C *
Vi kh nng hp ph ca zeolite th nng cn bng ca pha hi c th t 99,99%,
y
yc
nn C * = C * = 0,01%
Suy ra
C y lg =
H=
(0,08 0,0001) (0,005 0,0001)

= 0,029
(0,08 0,0001)
ln
(0,005 0,0001)
Vg
S .k y C y lg
1925
= 2,9m
3,56.3600.0,5024.3,55.0,029
Chn h s d tr chiu cao 10% khi chiu cao lp hp ph

O
H = 2,9.1,1 = 3,19 m, ta chn H = 3,2 m

3. Tnh ton thi gian hp ph
Thi gian hp ph trong vng th nht (vng ng thng) ca ng ng nhit hp
ph c tnh theo cng thc
Cx *
Cx *
. H O b.
.C y
k y .C y
Vi
Trang 48
GVHD: L Xun Hi
: tc dng hi tnh cho tit din ca ton thp, m/s

3
C : nng pha kh u vo, kg/m kh tr

O
H : Chiu cao lp hp ph
3
C *: nng cht hp ph cn bng vi nng pha kh u vo (kg/m cht hp ph)

y

yc
b: h s c tnh theo t s C / C , theo bng X.6 [2] ta c b = 0,51

Vy:
0,2.650
0,2.650
. 3,2 0,51.
= 120,69
0,3.0,08
3,55.0,08
Suy ra:
= 60,46 2 = 14566 ,07 s = 4,04h

Ta chn thi gian hp ph l 4h
4. Tnh ton lng zeolite cn thit
Th tch lp cht hp ph trong thp
V=
.D 2
.0,82
.H O =
.3,2 = 1,6m3
4
4
Khi lng zeolite cho mt thp

M Z = V . x = 1,6.650 = 1040 kg
Trang 49
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Tng khi lng Zeolite cho hai thp M = 2080 kg
III. Cn bng nhit lng cho qu trnh hp ph

1
Gi Q - nhit lng dng hi cn nhp liu mang vo thp, kJ

hp
Q - nhit hp ph, kJ
ms
Q nhit sinh ra do ma st gia dng kh chuyn ng v lp ht zeolite ng yn, kJ

tt
Q nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh, kJ

2
Q nhit lng dng hi cn mang ra khi thp

Cn bng nhit lng cho ton thp ta c
2
hp
ms
tt
Q =Q +Q +Q -Q
Vi
1
V 1
Q = G .i
V
lu lng hi cn nhp liu, kg/h
i nhit lng ring ca dng nhp liu kJ/kg

1
i = i . (1-x ) + i .x = 373.(1-0,08) + 502,4.0,08 = 383,4 kJ/kg
Trang 50
GVHD: L Xun Hi
0
trong : i nhit lng ring ca hi ethanol nguyn cht 110 C, 3,5 at, kJ/kg; i
0
nhit lng ring ca hi nc nguyn cht ti 110 C, 3,5 at, kJ/kg; x nng khi
lng hi nc trong hn hp nhp liu
1
V 1
Q = G .i = 1925,1.383,4 = 738083kJ/h = 205kW

Qhp = m.i = 145,1.366,4 = 53106 kJ / h = 14,75kW
Vi m khi lng hi nc hp ph trong mt gi lm vic, kg/h; i nhit hp ph
ring, kJ/kg
Nhit lng sinh ra do ma st ph thuc vo tc dng kh di chuyn trong thp ly
bng 10% tng lng nhit, nhit do tn tht ly bng 5% tng lng nhit
Vy:
2
hp
ms
tt
Q = Q + Q + Q + Q = (205 +14,75).(1,1-0.5) = 230,7kW

2
r r
Q = G .i G .C.T
r
G lu lng dng cn khan ra khi thp, kg/h; i nhit lng ring ca dng cn
khan ra khi thp, kJ/kg; C nhit dung ring ca dng sn phm, kJ/kg.; t nhit dng
0
cn ra, C, ta c
t=
Q2
252,7.3600
=
= 127,80 C
Gr .C
1780 .3,64
Trang 51
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng 5
QU TRNH GII HP PH
I. Chn tc nhn gii hp ph
Ta c th dng cc cht hu c hay kh tr thch hp thc hin qu trnh nh hp ph.
Theo cc nghin cu gn y nu ta s dng kh nito thc hin qu trnh nh hp cho ct
Trang 52
GVHD: L Xun Hi
hp ph lm khan cn tc nh nhanh ng thi dng nito ngui hot ha cho zeolite th

c th phc hi gn nh hon ton hot tnh ca cht hp ph
0
Chn iu kin lm vic: dng hi nito nh hp u vo vi nhit 300 C, nhit nh hp

0
ph 180 C
II. Cn bng vt cht cho qu trnh nh hp ph

Khi dng hi nito nh hp th lng hi tiu tn
un nng h n nhit nh
Nh cht b hp ph(hi nc) ra khi cht hp ph(zeolite)
y cht hp ph ra khi thp
Tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh
Coi nh lng nito b hp ph khng ng k
Tnh lng hi nito gii hp ph
Gnt = G1 + G2
Vi Gnt l tng lng hi nito gii hp kg/h
1
G - l lng nito cn thit ko cht hp ph ra khi thp cng vi dng kh gii

2
hp,kg/h; G - l tng lng nito cung cp nhit cho ct nh nh trn nu, kg/h, ta c:
Trang 53
G2 =
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Qn + Qhp + Qtt
t.C.T
Q Lng nhit m dng nito cung cp un nng h n nhit nh hp, kJ

hp
Q - Lng nhit m dng nito cung cp gii hp, c gi tr bng nhit hp, kJ ph
tt
Q Lng nhit tn tht, ly bng 5% tng lng nhit tnh ton, kJ

0
Vi nhit hp ph l 120 C, nhit gii hp 180 C
Qn = mC.T
Trong : m - khi lng zeolite trong mt thp, kg ; c - nhit dung ring ca zeolite,
kJ/kg.; T- chnh lch nhit ; t thi gian hp ph, s
Qn = mC.T = 1040.0,06.(180 120) = 3744 kcal

Nhit gii hp
Qhp = m.i
Vi m - lng hi nc hp ph trong 4h, kg; i - nhit hp ph ring, kJ/kg
Qhp = m.i = 145,1.4.366,4 = 212426 ,4kJ
Lng hi nito cn thit
G2 =
1,05.(Qn + Qhp )
t.C.T
1,05.(3744.4,186 + 212426 ,4)

= 340,5kg / h
0,35.4,186.(300 180).4
Lng nito cn thit ko hi nc ra khi ct hp ph G1

Trang 54

1
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Gi x ,x l nng hi nc trc v sau khi gii hp trn zeolite, kg/kg zeolite

Ta c
G1 = .m
m lng hi nc b hp ph, kg/h
1
n
n 1
p . .
n x1 n x2
= a
.
.
760
n 1
x1 x2
n 1
n
22,4.T .
273M a
Trong p p sut trong thit b khi nh hp, mmHg; khi lng ring cu hi nito ti
3
nhit nh, kg/m ; T nhit nh, K; M khi lng mol cht nh hp, kg/kmol; v n l
cc i lng xc nh t ng ng nhit hp ph
vi = 0,2, n = 0,312 ta c
1,5.760.3,2.0,2
760
0 , 312 1
0 , 312
1
0 , 312
0,312 0,2
0,001
.
0,312 1
0,2 0,001
0 , 312 1
0 , 312
22,4.(180 + 273).3,2
= 0,28 Vy:
273.28
G1 = .m.t = 0,28.145,1 = 40,6kg / h

Tng lng hi nito cn thit gii hp
Gnt = G1 + G2 = 340,5 + 40,6 = 381,1kg / h

II. Tnh ton vn tc hi gii hp i trong thp
3
Lp ht zeolite ng knh 2mm, khi lng ring ca Zeolite 1100kg/m , khi lng ring
3
-3
xp ca khi ht 650kg/m , nht dng hi ti nhit trung bnh 240 C l = 0,11.10
Trang 55

2
GVHD: L Xun Hi
N.s/m , khi lng ring dng kh 693kg/m . T y ta tnh tc ti hn chuyn t lp ht

tnh sang trng thi l lng tng si
Chun s Archimede
Ar =
d 3 .( r ). .g (2.10 3 ) 3 .(1100 3,56).3,56.9,81

=
= 2,53.10 6
2
4 2
(0,11.10 )
iu kin xp
= 1
v
650
= 1
= 0,41
r
1100
Chun s Renold ti hn
Re k =
Ar
2,53.10 6
=
= 260,7
1400 + 5,22 Ar 1400 + 5,22 2,53.10 6
Tc ti hn chuyn vo lp tng si
vk =
Re k . 260,7.0,11.10 4
=
= 0,403m / s
d
3,56.2.10 3
Ta chn vn tc hi i trong thp bng khong 0,75v

Vy vn tc hi i trong thp
= 0,75.0,403 = 0,302 m/s

Tc hi i trong khe xp
Trang 56
GVHD: L Xun Hi
0,302
=
= 0,736 m / s
0,41
II. Cc giai on nh hp ph
Nh hp ph c chia lm ba giai on
Cn bng p sut
Giai on ny ta x p trong thit b hp ph n p sut kh quyn sau chuyn thp sang
giai on nh hp, giai on ny din ra trong 10 pht
Gia nhit v gii hp
Trong khong thi gian mt thp hp ph th thp cn li s lm nhim v nh hp ph. Giai
0
on ny din ra khong 120 pht vi dng Nito khan c lu lng 376,6kg/h, nhit 300 C
p sut 1,5 atm
Lm mt v hot ha
0
Giai on ny din ra trong 110 pht vi dng Nito u vo khong 35 C lu lng 376,6kg/h
p sut 1,5atm
Trang 57
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Trang 58
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng 6
TNH TON C KH
I. Tnh ton chiu cao ton b thp
Chiu cao ton thp
O
H = H + H + H = 3,2 +0,5 +0,5 = 4,2 m

Vi:
O
H : chiu cao lp hp ph, m

T
H : khong cch t lp hp ph trn n nh thp, m

Trang 59
GVHD: L Xun Hi
H : khong cch t lp hp ph di n y thp, m
II. Tnh tn tht p sut ca dng kh qua lp hp ph

Tn tht p sut ca kh khi qua lp ht hp ph c xc nh qua cng thc ca daski
P = h .
2.H 0 .v0
.
d0
2
Trong :
h
: h s ma st ca dng chy qua lp ht

0
H : Chiu cao lp hp ph, m

0
v : vn tc dng lu cht i trong khe gia cc ht zeolite

: khi lng ring ca kh
0
d : ng knh khe h gia cc ht

d0 =
2
2 0,41
d=
0,002 = 9,3.10 4 m
3 1
3 1 0,41
Chun s Re cho dng kh i trong khe
v0 d 0 0,763.9,3.10 4
=
= 22,96
3,09.10 5
Re =
Vy c tnh theo cng thc
h =
27,8
27,8
+ 0,8 =
+ 0,8 = 2,01
Re
22,96
Trang 60
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Tr lc qua thp
P = h .
2.H 0 .v0
2.3,2 3,56.0,763
.
= 2,01.
.
= 18,7.10 3 N / m 2
d0
2
9,3.10 4
2
2
p sut ti y thp
4
P = P - P = 3,5.9,81.10 18,7.10 = 3,2.10 N/m
III. Tnh ton c kh cho thn thp

Thn thp hnh tr hn vi mi hn gip mi
Chn vt liu ch to X18H10T
0
Nhit tnh ton ly ti nhit cao nht 300 C

p sut tnh ton 3,5at
0
ng sut cho php tiu chun ti 300 C,[ *] = 125 N/mm

2
ng sut cho php ,[ ] = .[ *] = 1.125 = 125 N/mm

h
H s bn mi hn = 0,95
1. Tnh b dy cho thn tr hn chu p sut trong
Xc nh p sut tc ng ln phn di thp c k c p sut ca lp zeolite
m
-6
-6
P = P + g. .H = 3,5.9,81.10 .10 + 3,2.9,81.650.10 = 0,363 N/mm
Trang 61
[ ]
p
GVHD: L Xun Hi
125
0,95 = 327 ,1 > 25
0,363
Tnh b dy ti thiu thit b theo cng thc 5.3 [3]

S' =
p.Dt
0,363 .800
=
= 1,22 mm
2.[ ] h 2.140 .0,95
B dy thc ca thit b c tnh n h s n mn tng cng

S = S + C = 1,22 + 1 = 2,22 mm quy trn S = 3mm. Theo bng 5-1[3] ta chn S = 4 mm trong
khong ng knh 400 -1000 mm. Vy chn S = 4 mm.
Kim tra b dy:
S Ca 4 1
=
= 3,75.10 3 < 0,1
Dt
800
Kim tra p sut tnh ton
[ P] = 2.[ ]. h .( S C a ) = 2.125.0,95.(4 1) = 0,887 > 0,363

Dt + ( S C a )
800 + (4 1)
Vy ta chn b dy thp 4 mm
2. Tnh y, np thp
y v np c hn trc tip ln thn thit b
Trang 62
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chn y np elip tiu chun, vt liu ch to X18H10T

0
Nhit tnh ton 120 C

p sut tnh ton 3,5at, y np chu p sut trong
[ ]
p
S=
125
0,95 = 327 ,1 > 25
0,363
p.Rt
0,363 .800
+ Ca =
+ 1 = 2,22mm
2.[ ]. h
2.125 .0,95
Vi R c tnh
2
Rt =
Dt
4.ht
Vi y np tiu chun ta c H =0,25D

t
Nn suy ra R = D
Ta chn b dy y np bng b dy thn S = 4mm
Kim tra iu kin bn
S Ca 4 1
=
= 3,75.10 3 < 0,125
Dt
800
Trang 63
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Kim tra p sut tnh ton
[ P] = 2.[ ]. h .( S Ca ) = 2.125.0,95.(4 1) = 0,887 > 0,363

Rt + ( S C a )
800 + (4 1)
B dy y np S = 4 mm tha yu cu.
Vy chn kch thc y np
ng knh
su y h ,
Chiu cao g
B mt trong
2
Th tch
B dy
trong D , mm
mm
h, mm
F, m
V.10 ,m3
800
200
25
0,76
79,6
S,mm
4
3. Tnh ng knh v bch ghp cc ng dn
Trang 64
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Ong dan thng c noi vi thiet b bang moi ghep thao

c hoac khong thao c. Trong thiet b nay, ta s dung moi
ghep thao c.
oi vi moi ghep thao c, ngi ta lam oan ong noi,
o la oan ong ngan co mat bch hay ren e noi vi ong dan:
Loai co mat bch thng dung vi ong co ng knh d >
10mm.
Loai ren chu yeu dung vi ong co ng knh d 10mm,
oi khi co the dung vi d 32mm.
Ong dan c lam bang thep X18H10T.
3
Bch c lam bang thep CT , cau tao cua bch la bch lien
khong co.
Trang 65
GVHD: L Xun Hi
3.1. ng dn hi ti y thp
Vn tc dng hi i trong ng chn = 10m/s
ng knh trong ca ng dn
Dy =
Vg
0,785.
Qv
1925,1
=
= 0,138m
3600.0,785..
3600.0,785.15.3,56
Chn ng knh ng 150mm, tnh li vn tc hi i trong ng
Vg
0,785.D
1925,1
= 8,5m / s
3600.3,56.0,785.0,15 2
2
Tra bng XIII.33 [2] ng vi p sut P = 0,25N/mm ta c chiu di on ng l =90mm

2
Tra bng XIII.26 [2] ng vi p sut P = 0,25N/mm
Bu long
d
mm
150
159
260
225
Z
cai
202
16
16
3.2. ng dn hi nhp liu nh thp ng thi l ng thay zeolite mi

Chn vn tc dng hi i trong ng 5 m/s
Trang 66
Dy =
Vg
0,785.
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Qv
1925,1
=
= 0,189m
3600.0,785..
3600.0,785.5.3,56
Chn ng knh ng 200mm, vn tc hi i trong ng
Vg
0,785.D
1925,1
= 4,78m / s
3600.3,56.0,785.0,15 2
2

Bu long
d
mm
200
290
255
232
Z
cai
202
16
16
ng tho Zeolite y
Ta chn kch thc ng tho zeolite y bng vi ng nhp zeolite
Chn vn tc dng hi i trong ng 5 m/s
Dy =
Vg
0,785.
Qv
1925,1
=
= 0,189m
3600.0,785..
3600.0,785.5.3,56
Trang 67
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chn ng knh ng 200mm, vn tc hi i trong ng
Vg
0,785.D
1925,1
= 4,78m / s
3600.3,56.0,785.0,15 2
2

Bu long
d
mm
200
290
255
232
Z
cai
202
16
16
4. Tnh chn tai treo cho thp

Tnh trng lng ca ton thp
M = M T + M Z + 2.M b + 2.M dn
Trong :
T
M : khi lng thn thp, kg

Z
M : khi lng zeolite, kg
Trang 68
GVHD: L Xun Hi
M : khi lng bch, kg

dn
M : khi lng y v np, kg

Khi lng thn thit b
M T = VT . =
2
2
. Dn Dt .H . = .( 0,808 2 0,800 2 ).2,5.7900 = 199 kg
4
4
Z
Khi lng zeolite: M = 1040 kg

Khi lng y v np
2.M dn = S . . = 0,76.0,004.7900 = 24kg

Vy khi lng tng cng ca ton thp:
M = M T + M Z + 2.M b + 2.M dn = 199 + 1040 + 20 = 1260 kg
Chn chn : thp c trn ba chn

3
Vat lieu lam chan thap la thep CT .
Truc thiet b
T heo ay
thie t b
Trang 69
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Ti trng cho php trn mt chn :
Gc =
P M .g 1310,8.9,81
=
=
= 4286,3 N
3
3
3
4
m bo an ton ta chn G = 0,25.10 N

Tra bng XIII.35[2], chn chn c cc thng s sau:
-6
4
q.10
F.10
B1
B2
120
40
18
N/m2
85,5
0,29
mm
110
80
95
110
180
Tnh khi lng gn ng mt chn :

Th tch mt chn :
V1chn = [2.(H - s).s. B2 + L. s. B].10 -9
V1chn = [2.(180 - 6).6. 110 + 110. 6. 80].10 -9 = 2,69.10 3 m 3
Khi lng mt chn :

1 chn
1 chn .
=V
CT3
-3
= 2,69.10 .7850 = 21,1kg
Trang 70
GVHD: L Xun Hi
4.1. Tnh tai treo
Chn tai treo: Tai treo c gn trn thn thp v ta vo gin gi thp vng
trong qu trnh lm vic
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3
4
Ti trng trn mt tai treo chn bng vi ti trng trn mt chn G = 0,25.10 N
Tra bng XIII.36 [2] chn tai treo c cc thng s sau:
4
F.10
q.10
35
15
14
1,0
6
2
N/m
57,0
0,44
mm
90
65
75
140
Khoi lng mot tai treo: mtai treo = 1,0 kg

Tra bang XIII.37, trang 439, STT2
Trang 71
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chon tam lot tai treo bang thep CT3 co cac thong so sau(tra
4
theo G = 2,5.10 N):

Chieu dai tam lot: H = 260 mm
Chieu rong tam lot: B = 140 mm
H
Be day tam lot: S =6 mm

The tch mot tam lot tai treo:
tam lot
= B.S .H
-9
-3
= 140. 6. 260. 10 = 0,2184.10 m

Khoi lng mot tam lot tai treo:
tam lot
tam lot.
=V
CT3
-3
= 0,2184.10 .7850 = 1,714 kg
Trang 72
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Chng 7
TNH TON THIT B PH

I. Tnh ton ni un
S dng ni un kettel ,
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp vi kch thc 38x3
n
ng knh ngoi: d = 38 mm = 0,038 m

t
B dy ng: = 3 mm = 0,003 m
tr
ng knh trong: d = 0,032 m

Hi t l hi nc 2,0at, hi t i trong ng
0
Nhit hi t 119,6 C
n nhit ngng t 2208 kJ/kg
Dng cn nguyn liu c nhit
0
Trc khi vo ni un t = 30 C (trng thi lng)

2
Sau khi ri ni un t = 80 C (hi qu nhit)
Trang 73
GVHD: L Xun Hi
1. Lng hi t cn dng
Nhit lng bc hi lng cn nhp liu t nhit ban u
V
Q = G .C .T + G .r + G .C . T
l
Trong C , C ln lt l nhit dung ring ca cn lng, v hn hp hi cn nhp

1
liu, kJ/kg.; T , T ln lt l chnh lch nhit ca hn hp lng nhp liu nhit

0
si v nhit si nhit qu nhit ca hi i vo my nn, C; r nhit ha hi ca

cn nhp liu
l
le
ln
C = C .(1-x ) + C .x = 2,71.(1- 0,08) + 4,18.0,08 = 2,83kJ/kg.

e
ln
r = r .( 1-x ) + r .x = 826.(1 0,08) + 2264.0,08 = 941kJ/kg

Q = 1925,1.2,83(78,4-30) + 1925,1.941 + 1925,1.3,5.(83,4-78.4) = 585,8 kW
Lng hi t cn dng
GD =
Q
585,8
=
= 0,28kg / s
0,95r 0,95.2208
2. Hiu nhit trung bnh
t log =
(119,6 30) (119,6 83,4)

= 58,9
119,6 30
Ln
119,6 83,4
3. H s cp nhit ca cn si si bt trong thit b un si
Trang 74
.r
S = 7,77 .10 - 2. h
h
GVHD: L Xun Hi
0,033
0,333
0,75 .q 0,7
. 0, 45 0.117 0,37
.c .Ts
Khi lng ring ca hi cn ti nhit si

PM C 1 (46.0,92 + 18.0,08)
h =
=
= 1,51kg / m 3
22,4
RTS
(78,4 + 273)
273
Khi lng ring ca hn hp
= (1 x). E + x. N = (1 0,08).735 + 0,08.998 = 756 kg / m 3
Sc cng b mt ca hn hp
= (1 x). E + x. N = (1 0,08).19,5.10 3 + 0,08.64,41.10 3 = 23.10 3 N / m
nht ca hn hp
lg = (1 x). lg E + x. lg N = (1 0,08). lg(0,453.10 3 ) + 0,08. lg(0,357.10 3 )
= 0,44.10 3 N .s / m 2
Nhit dung ring ca hn hp cn lng
C = (1 x).C E + x.C N = (1 0,08).3,22 + 0,08.4,19 = 3,3kJ / kg.K
n nhit ha hi ca hn hp
r = (1 x).rE + x.rN = (1 0,08).812 + 0,08.2597 = 954,8kJ / kg
H s dn nhit ca hn hp
= (1 x ).E + x. N = (1 0,08).0,1635 + 0,08.0,672 = 0,204W / m.K
4. H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t pha trong ng
n = 0,7254
rn . n2 .g.3n
n .(t n - t W1 ).d tr
Trang 75
GVHD: L Xun Hi
0
w1
Dng phng php lp ta chn nhit vch trong t = 110 C, ti nhit nc ngng
0
119,6 C tnh cht vt l ca dng hi v nc ngng trong ng

n
n nhit ngng t r = 2208 kJ/kg

3
Khi lng ring ca mng nc ngng = 926,1 kg/m

n
H s dn nhit ca mng nc ngng = 0,686 W/m.

n
-3
nht ca mng nc ngng = 0,237.10 N.s/m
2208.926,12.9,81.0,6863
rn . n2 .g.3n
4
n = 0,7254
= 0,725
= 2184W / m 2 .K
n .(t n - t W1 ).d tr
0,237.10 -3.(119,6 - 110).0,032
5. Mt dng nhit truyn qua vch
w1
q = q = .(t t ) = 2184.(119,6-110) =20966,4 W/m

qt =
t w1 t w 2
t w1 t w 2 = qt .rt = 20966 ,4.5,289 .10 4 = 11,1
rt
Trong nhit tr qua thnh ng v lp cu c tnh theo cng thc
rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
Trang 76
GVHD: L Xun Hi
B dy thnh ng: = 0,003 m

t
H s dn nhit ca thp khng r: = 16,3 W/mK

2
Nhit tr lp bn trong ng: r = 1/5800 m .K/W

2
Nhit tr lp cu ngoi ng: r =1/5800 m .K/W

-4
Nn: r = 5,289.10 m .K/W

w2
Nhit vch ngoi t = 110-11,1= 98,9

Suy ra:
.r
S = 7,77 . 10 . h
h
0,033
-2
1,51.954,8
= 7,77 .10 .
765 1,51
-2
0,033
0,333
0,75 .q 0,7
. 0, 45 0.117 0,37
.c .Ts
765
.
3
23.10
0,333
w2
0,204 0,75.20996,40,7
0,44.10 3
0 , 45
.3,30.117.392,6 0,37
= 1020,5W / m 2 .K
Ki
m tra li gi tr q: q = .(t - t ) = 1020,5.(98,9 78,4) = 20920,25 W/m

w1
Gi tr q khng thay i nhiu (khng qu 5%) do nhit t
ban u ta gi s
c chp nhn
6. H s truyn nhit tng qut
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
n
S
Trang 77
K=
GVHD: L Xun Hi
1
1
1
+ 5,289.10 4 +
2184
1020,5
= 508,5W / m 2 .K
7. B mt truyn nhit
F=
Q
585,8 1000
=
= 4,17 = 19,6m 2
K .tlog 508,5 58,9
II. Nng sut nhit ca caloriphe

v
Nhit kh nit vo, t = 35 C

r
Nhit kh nit ra khi caloriphe, t = 300 C

Lu lng kh vo, G = 381,1kg/h
0
Nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nit ti nhit 167,5 C, c = 1163J/kg.

Nng sut nhit ca caloriphe
Q = G.C.t = 381,1.1163.265 = 32,6kW
III. Tnh ton thit b ngng t sn phm

Chn thit b ngng t kiu v ng ng, vi cc thng s:
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp CT3, kch thc 20x2
Trang 78
GVHD: L Xun Hi
ng
ng knh ngoi ng d = 20mm = 0,02m

Chiu cao ng truyn nhit 1m
0
Hi cn ngng t ti p sut 3,2 at, nhit 94,5 C

0
n nhit ngng t ca hi cn khan ti nhit 94,5 C: r = 781kJ/kg

0
Nc gii nhit i trong ng, nhit nc vo 28 C, nhit nc ra 40 C

1. Lng nc cn dng gii nhit
Lng nhit hi ngng t ta ra
Q = G R .r =
1780
.781 = 386 kW
3600
Trong G
lu lng hi cn khan ngng t, kg/h
Lng nc gii nhit cn dng
GD =
Q
386
=
= 7,68kg / s
C.T 4,187.(40 28)
2. Hiu nhit trung bnh
tlog =
(94,5 28) (94,5 40)

= 60,3
94,5 28
Ln
94,5 40
3. H s cp nhit hi cn tnh khit ngng t trn b mt ng ng
Trang 79
GVHD: L Xun Hi
r . .g.n
n = 1,15 n n
n .(t n - t W1 ).H
2
Trong h s cp nhit, W/m .K; H chiu cao ng, m; h s dn nhit

3
ca cn ngng, W/m.K; r khi lng ring cn lng, kg/m ; nht ca cn ngng,

2
w1
N.s/m , t nhit ngng t, K; t nhit vch tip xc vi cn ngng t, K

4. H s cp nhit ca nc gii nhit i trong ng
Nhit trung bnh ca nc gii nhit
1
( tv + tr ) = 1 ( 28 + 40 ) = 34
2
2
tf =
Ti nhit ny :
3
Khi lng ring ca nc: = 994 kg/m

n
-7
nht ng lc hc ca nc: = 7,23.10 m /s

n
H s dn nhit ca nc: = 0,626 W/mK

n
Chun s Prant: Pr = 4,90

n
Chn vn tc nc i trong ng: v = 0,6 m/s

Chun s Renold:
Re n =
vn.d tr 0,6 0,016

=
= 13278
n
7,23.10 7
Trang 80
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Ta thy chun s Re > 10000 do qu trnh cp nhit xy ra ch chy xoy ri, ta

c
Nu = 0,021 .1. Re
0 ,8
. Pr
0 , 43
Pr
.
Prt
0 , 25
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng
n=
Nu n .n
H
w1
Dng phng php lp ta chn nhit vch ngoi t = 78,5 C

0
Ti nhit 94,5 C dng cn ngng c tnh cht vt l

n
n nhit ngng t r = 781 kJ/kg

3
Khi lng ring ca mng cn ngng = 680 kg/m

n
h s dn nhit ca mng cn ngng = 0,153 W/m.

n
-3
nht ca mng cn ngng = 0,45.10 N.s/m
n = 1,154
rn . n .g.n
7812.680 2.9,81.0,1533
= 1,154
= 1245,6W / m 2 .K
n .(t n - t W1 ).H
0,45.10 -3.(94,5 - 78,5).1
2
5. Mt dng nhit truyn qua vch
Trang 81
GVHD: L Xun Hi
2
w1
q = q = .(t t ) = 1245,6.(94,5-78,5) =19929,6 W/m

qt =
t w1 t w 2
t w1 t w2 = qt .rt = 19929 ,6.5,289 .10 4 = 10,5
rt
w2
Suy ra nhit vch trong t = 78,5-10,5 = 60

Trong nhit tr qua thnh ng v lp cu c tnh theo cng thc
rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
B dy thnh ng: = 0,003 m

t
H s dn nhit ca thp khng r: = 16,3 W/mK

2
Nhit tr lp bn trong ng: r = 1/5800 m .K/W

2
Nhit tr lp cu ngoi ng: r =1/5800 m .K/W

t
-4
Nn: r = 5,289.10 m .K/W

Nhit trung bnh ca vch
t=
1
( t w1 + t w2 ) = 1 ( 78,5 + 60 ) = 69,250 C
2
2
t
Chun s Pr ca nc ti nhit trung bnh ca vch Pr = 2,55

H s cp nhit pha nc gii nhit
Trang 82
Nu = 0,021 .1. Re
0 ,8
. Pr
0 , 43
n=
Pr
.
Prt
GVHD: L Xun Hi
0 , 25
= 0,021 .1.13278 .4,9

0 ,8
4,9
.
2,55
0 , 25
= 1220
0 , 43
Nu n .n 1220 .0,626
=
= 763,72
H
1
n
w2
Kim tra li gi tr q: q = .(t t ) = 763,72.(60 34) = 19856,72 W/m

w1
Gi tr q khng thay i nhiu (khng qu 5%) do nhit t
ban u ta gi s
c chp nhn
6. H s truyn nhit tng qut
K=
1
1
1
+ 5,298.10 4 +
763,72
1254,6
= 378,5W / m 2 .K
7. B mt truyn nhit
F=
Q
386 1000
=
= 16,58m 2
K .t log 378,5 60,3
Trang 83
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Trang 84
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Trang 85
GVHD: L Xun Hi
KET LUAN
Vi quy trnh cng ngh tnh ton trn s dng cht hp ph zeolite 4A
ngoi ra cn c th s dng cht hp ph zeolite 3A hin cha c ti liu no
chng minh 4A, hay 3A c kh nng hp ph chn lc hi nc trong cn tt
hn.
Cn tinh luyn khng ch dng pha xng m rt nhiu lnh vc hin
nay c nhu cu v loi cn ny do cng vi iu kin l mt nc nng
nghip nc ta c nhiu thun li pht trin ngnh cng nghip ny. Trong
qu trnh tnh ton tc gi cha cp n tnh kinh t ca ti do nhiu l do
hn ch v kh nng v thi gian thc hin nn cha a vic tnh ton mang
tnh hc thut gn vi thc t c.
Trang 86
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Vic xy dng ng cn bng cho zeolite 4A thc hin qu trnh tnh

ton cha c nn trong qu trnh thc hin cn c mt s qu trnh tnh cha
c chnh xc.
Tc gi cha kt hp tnh ton thit k vi iu khin qu trnh trong
ti.
Trang 87
GVHD: L Xun Hi
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1]. Tran Hung Dung Nguyen Van Luc Hoang Minh Nam
Vu Ba Minh, Qua trnh va Thiet b trong Cong Nghe Hoa
Hoc Tap 1, Quyen 2: Phan rieng bang kh ong, lc ly tam,
bm, quat, may nen. Tnh he thong ng ong, Nha xuat
ban ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 1997, 203tr.
[2]. Vo Van Bang Vu Ba Minh, Qua trnh va Thiet b trong
Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 3: Truyen Khoi, Nha xuat ban
ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 2004, 388tr.
[3]. Pham Van Bon Nguyen nh Tho, Qua trnh va Thiet b
trong Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 5: Qua trnh va Thiet b
Trang 88
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Truyen Nhiet, Nha xuat ban ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 2002,
372tr.
[4]. Pham Van Bon Vu Ba Minh Hoang Minh Nam, Qua
trnh va Thiet b trong Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 10: V du va
Bai tap, Nha xuat ban ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 468tr.
[5]. Tap the tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong nghe
Hoa chat Tap 1, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha Noi,
1999, 626tr.
[6]. Tap the tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong nghe
Hoa chat Tap 2, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha Noi,
1999, 447tr.
[7]. Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke va Tnh toan cac thiet b hoa chat,
Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha Noi, 1978, 286tr.
[8]. Nguyen Minh Tuyen, C s tnh toan May va Thiet b Hoa
chat Thc pham, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha
Noi, 1984, 134tr.
Trang 89
GVHD: L Xun Hi
Trang 90

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AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA

Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh

MON HOC: O AN CHUYN NGNH QT&TB

Ho va ten sinh vien: V Tin Dng

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

Can bo cham hay Hoi ong bao ve. Nhan xet:________________

iem tong ket:

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

Lng thc: C su ngi th c mt ngi b i v suy dinh dng trong khi qu

Nng lng: Hin nay ngun nng lng chnh ca chng ta n t du m v kh t,

Bin i kh hu: Bin i kh hu v ang din ra trn ton th gii, n c nh hng

rt ln n i sng con ngi trn tri t

chng ln th 6 do cc vn v nhim mi trng v tng dn s

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

nhim: Cc cht c cho l nhim c trong t nhin t rt lu nhng hin gi

chng ang c nng cao n mc bo ng, n ang gy ra nhng thit hi v bin i to

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

m ng c vn hot ng bnh thng th c ngha l ta s gim c 10% lng xng nhp

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

ny v cng ng thi tng cht lng xng

Tn dng cc ngun ph ph phm ca nng nghip sn xut cn nh rm r, mt

Gip n nh vn v an ninh nng lng v gim bt ph thuc nng lng vo cc

quc gia khc

II. Nhng c tnh ca cn tinh luyn

tc axit, c trnh by theo phn ng ha hc sau. Cho ethylen hp nc 300 C p sut 70

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

nc 89,4% mol, nhit si ca hn hp ny 1 atm l 78,4 C

Nhit si ca ethanol nguyn cht 78,39 C, t trng d

= 0,794, nhit dung ring

ng p C (16 C -21 C) = 2,42 J.g .K , nhit chy 1370,82 kJ/mol

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

Cn l hn hp Ethanol v nc c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh vc ca i sng x

Cn pha vi nc thnh ung, ch bin thc n, ch bin cc loi hng

Trong ngnh cng nghip sn cn dng lm dung mi

Trong cng nghip hng liu v nc hoa cn dn lm dung mi

andehyt acetic, etyl acetat

Dng lm nhin liu pha xng E10, E20, E85, E100

III. Cn nhin liu

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

Bng 1: Yu cu k thut ca cn nhin liu

Ethanol, % th tch, min

Methanol, % th tch, max

Hm lng nha ra qua dung mi,

Hm lng nc, % th tch, max

Hm lng cht bin tnh (xng, naphta), %

th tch, min max

Hm lng Clorua v c, mg/l, max

Hm lng ng, mg/kg, max

axit (axit acetic), mg/l, max

pH, min max

Lu hunh, mg/kg, max

Sulfat, mg/kg, max

Khi lng ring 15 C, kg/m

AMH CN Qu Trnh & Thit B

Bng 2: Tiu chun cn nhin liu ca M nm 2003

T trng ti 15,6 C, max

Nng ethanol 15,6 C, min

Axit qui v axit acetic, max

Lng cht rn cn li khi bc hi