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BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG B SUNG

Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol

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Trang M U 6 I. GII THIU D N 7 I.1. Tn d n 7 I.2. Ch d n 7 II. M T D N 7 II.1. V tr a l ca d n 7 II.1.1. Ta cc mc ranh gii 7 II.1.2. Gii cn d n 8 II.2. Nhng thay i v ni dung ca d n 8 II.2.1. H thng x l nc thi 8 II.2.2. H thng thu hi biogas 9 II.2.3. H thng thu gom v thot nc ca Nh my 10 II.3. Cng ngh sn xut Nh my 11 D n ch thay i cng ngh x l nc thi cn cng ngh sn xut ca nh my vn gi nguyn, c th: 11 II.3.1. Quy m, sn phm Nh my 11 II.3.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh 18 II.3. Tng mc u t 20 II.4. Tin thc hin 21 II.5. T chc sn xut 21 II.5.1. S t chc 21 II.5.2. Bin ch nhn s 22 II.5.3. Ch lm vic 22 III. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG, KINH T - X HI 22 III.1. Hin trng mi trng 22 III.1.1. Cht lng khng kh 22 III.1.2. Cht lng nc 26 III.1.3. Cht lng t 28 IV. NHNG THAY I V TC NG MI TRNG 29 IV.1. Tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng d n 29 IV.2. Tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh d n 29
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IV.2.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng 29 IV.2.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng d n 31 IV.2.3. nh gi tc ng mi trng 32 V. BIN PHP GIM THIU CC TC NG XU TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG 45 V.1. Gim thiu nhim khng kh 45 V.1.1. Gim thiu nhim kh thi l hi 45 V.1.2. Gim thiu nhim kh t cng on ln men v chng ct 49 V.1.3. Gim thiu cc cht gy mi 49 V.2. Bin php gim thiu nhim do nc thi 50 V.2.1. H thng x l nc thi sinh hot 50 V.2.2. H thng x l nc thi tp trung 51 V.3. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn 60 V.3.1. X l b sn 60 V.3.2. Cht thi rn khc 61 V.4. Gii php v sinh v an ton lao ng 62 V.4.1. V sinh lao ng v v sinh thc phm 62 V.4.2. An ton lao ng 62 V.5. Cc bin php ng ph s c chy n 63 VI. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG 65 VI.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng 65 VI.1.1. Cc vn mi trng 65 VI.1.2. Cc yu cu lut php v cc yu cu khc 65 VI.1.3. Cc phng hng v mc tiu 66 VI.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng 66 VI.2.1. Gim st cht lng khng kh v ting n 67 VI.2.2. Gim cht cht lng nc 68 VI.2.3. Gim st cht thi rn 68 VI.3. Kinh ph thc hin cc cng trnh x l mi trng v gim st mi trng 69 KT LUN V KIN NGH 70 1. Kt lun 70 2. Kin ngh 70

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DANH MC BNG
Bng 1: Thnh phn kh Biogas................................................................................................10 Bng 2: Cht lng v quy cch ca sn phm.........................................................................12 Bng 3: Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng giai on I ..........................................................19 Bng 4: Chi ph u t cho d n..............................................................................................20 Bng 5: Tin trin khai d n xy dng Nh my Bio-Ethanol...........................................21 Bng 6: Kt qu cht lng khng kh khu vc d n (thng 4/2010).....................................23 Bng 7: Kt qu cht lng khng kh khu vc d n (thng 4/2009).....................................24 Bng 8: Kt qu cht lng nc ngm khu vc d n (thng 4/2010)...................................26 Bng 9: Kt qu cht lng nc ngm khu vc d n (thng 4/2009)...................................27 Bng 10: Kt qu cht lng t khu vc d n (ngy 16/4/2010)..........................................28 Bng 11: Kt qu cht lng t khu vc d n (ngy 16/4/2009)..........................................28 Bng 12: Cc ngun gy tc ng v cht gy nhim mi trng khng kh .......................30 Bng 13: Cc ngun gy tc ng v cht gy nhim mi trng nc................................31 Bng 14: i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng........................................31 Bng 15: H s nhim i vi qu trnh t than .................................................................32 Bng 16: Nng cc cht nhim kh thi l hi..................................................................33 Bng 17: Tc ng ca cc cht nhim khng kh ................................................................38 Bng 18: Nng ca nc thi dch hm cha x l.............................................................39 Bng 19: H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l)..........................................................................................................40 Bng 20: Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x l) trong giai on hot ng ca Nh my .............................................................................40 Bng 21: Nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn ..............................................41 Bng 22: Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi........................................................42 Bng 23: Cc s liu u vo tnh ton m hnh.......................................................................45 Bng 24: Kt qu tnh ton cao ng khi v nng cc i ti mt t............................46 Bng 25: Lu lng cc dng nc thi ca Nh my.............................................................51 Bng 26: Nng cc cht nhim ca nc dch hm cha x l........................................52 Bng 27: Danh mc cc hng mc, thit b...............................................................................59 Bng 28: Chng trnh gim st mi trng d kin cho Nh my.........................................67 Bng 29: Kinh ph d kin cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng..............................................69

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DANH MC HNH
Hnh 1: S khi lu trnh sn xut Bio-Ethanol ca Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol .........14 Hnh 2: S t chc Nh my Bio-Ethanol............................................................................21 Hnh 3: Kt qu tnh pht tn nhim bi t kh thi l hi.....................................................35 Hnh 4: Biu phn b nng bi theo hng gi .............................................................35 Hnh 5: Kt qu tnh pht tn nhim SO2 t kh thi l hi...................................................35 Hnh 6: Biu phn b nng SO2 theo hng gi ...........................................................36 Hnh 7: Kt qu tnh pht tn nhim kh NO2 t kh thi l hi............................................36 Hnh 8: Biu phn b nng NO2 theo hng gi ..........................................................36 Hnh 9: S h thng x l bi t kh thi l hi..................................................................47 Hnh 10: Nguyn l cu to h thng lc bi l hi.................................................................47 Hnh 11: Ton b h thng lc bi l hi.................................................................................48 Hnh 12: S h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca Nh my.............................................52 Hnh 13: B tuyn ni DAF......................................................................................................55 Hnh 14: B SAR.......................................................................................................................55 Hnh 15: S h thng x l bn cn.....................................................................................58 Hnh 16: H thng sy sn phm b hm kh...........................................................................61

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CC CH VIT TT
BOD BTNMT CDM COD CP DO TM VT EMC KKT NMLD N-CP KPH PCCC QCVN Q SS TCVN TP VOC VN UBND WHO XLNT : Nhu cu oxy sinh hc : B Ti nguyn & Mi trng : C ch pht trin sch : Nhu cu oxy ha hc : C phn : Oxy ha tan : nh gi tc ng mi trng : n v tnh : Trung tm K thut Quan trc Mi trng : Khu kinh t : Nh my lc du : Ngh nh Chnh ph : Khng pht hin : Phng chy cha chy : Quy chun Vit Nam : Quyt nh : Cht rn l lng : Tiu chun Vit Nam : Thnh ph : Cht hu c d bay hi : Vit Nam ng : y ban Nhn dn : T chc Y t th gii : X l nc thi

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M U D n Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol c u t bi Cng ty C phn Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung thuc Tp on du kh quc gia Vit Nam. D n c y ban Nhn dn tnh Qung Ngi cp Quyt nh s 1015/Q-UBND ngy 25/6/2009 v vic ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. Trong qu trnh trin khai d n, Cng ty C phn Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung gp kh khn trong vic gii phng mt bng. Trn c s chp thun ca Tp on du kh Vit Nam v y ban nhn dn tnh Qung Ngi, Ban qun l Khu kinh t Dung Qut iu chnh a im u t d n Nh my sn xut BioEthanol nhin liu. Vi s thay i a im d n, Cng ty C phn Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung tin hnh lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng b sung v c y ban nhn dn tnh Qung Ngi ph duyt ti vn bn s 1657/QUBND ngy 23/10/2009. Tuy nhin, sau khi xem xt v tnh ton mi tng quan gia li ch kinh t v bo v mi trng, Ch u t thy rng cng ngh c c bc hi khng em li hiu qu nh mong mun. ng thi theo ch o ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam yu cu cn thit phi c s ng nht v quy trnh, cng ngh sn xut cng nh cng ngh x l cht thi ca cc Nh my sn xut Nhin liu sinh hc ca Tp on. V vy, Cng ty C phn Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung quyt nh iu chnh cng ngh x l nc thi ca Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol, chuyn t cng ngh c c bc hi sang cng ngh x l sinh hc, ng thi tin hnh k kt hp ng vi Trung tm K thut Quan trc Mi trng lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng b sung theo quy nh ti im a khon 1 iu 13 ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng. S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Qung Ngi l n v c chc nng t chc thm nh v tham mu cho UBND tnh Qung Ngi cp Quyt nh ph duyt Bo co TM ny.

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I. GII THIU D N I.1. Tn d n D N U T XY DNG CNG TRNH NH MY SN XUT BIO - ETHANOL I.2. Ch d n Cng ty C phn Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung a ch: S 01 An Dng Vng - TP Qung Ngi - tnh Qung Ngi Tng Gim c: ng H S Long in thoi: 055.3714180 3714181 II. M T D N II.1. V tr a l ca d n Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol nm trn khu t c din tch 24 ha, thuc i 1 & 2, thn ng L, x Bnh Thun, huyn Bnh Sn, tnh Qung Ngi. II.1.1. Ta cc mc ranh gii Giai on I: Din tch t l 14,87ha, vi ta cc mc ranh gii (VN2000) nh sau: M1 (170007.27; 587154.94) M2 (1699927.28; 587465.69) M3 (1700225.06; 587602.80) M4 (1700231.69; 587600.35) M5 (1700365.12; 587310.38) M6 (1700358.07; 587296.41) M7 (1700204.99; 587243.81) M2' (1699824.30; 587418.27) M13' (1699975.05; 587090.81) M13 (1700002.35; 587087.24) Giai on II: Din tch t l 9,13 ha, vi ta cc mc ranh gii (VN2000) nh sau: M2' (1699824.30; 587418.27)
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Fax: 055.3714182

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M8 (1699772.18; 587394.27) M9 (1699729.72; 587389.68) M10 (1699606.01; 587431.88) M11 (1699567.63; 587144.12) M12 (1699731.58; 587122.67) M13' (1699975.05; 587090.81) II.1.2. Gii cn d n - Pha ng cch hnh lang tuyn ng ca NMLD khong 90m; - Pha Ty cch tuyn ng V Vn Kit khong 800m; - Pha Bc gip ng dn sinh v i ni thn ng L; - Pha Nam gip vi khu t quy hoch khu ho cht ha du. (S v tr d n nh km phn ph lc) II.2. Nhng thay i v ni dung ca d n D n u t xy dng cng trnh Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol ca Cng ty CP Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung c s iu chnh v cng ngh x l nc thi t cng ngh c c bc hi sang cng ngh x l sinh hc. II.2.1. H thng x l nc thi (1). Khi qut cng ngh x l nc thi bng phng php c c bc hi Hm thi qua ly tm c bm i lm ngui bng thit b trao i nhit dng tm nhm h nhit xung 36 - 40 0C v c iu ha H iu ha. Ti H iu ha, nc thi c khy trn v sc kh lin tc lm gim mt phn nng COD, BOD v trnh hin tng ln men ym kh xy ra. Sau hm thi c bm ln 08 bn x l k kh thu hi Biogas. Khi i qua lp bn k kh, cc cht hu c s b phn hy nh enzyme c tit ra t chnh t bo vi sinh vt, ln men mtan. Kt qu ca qu trnh phn hy ny to ra cc axt bo d bay hi, nc, kh mtan v cc kh khc. Kh mtan bay ln c thu hi lm nhin liu cho l hi. Nc thi sau x l ym kh s c chuyn sang cng on c c bc hi. Nc thi c c c theo phng thc trao i nhit ngc chiu trong h thng bc hi nhiu ni kiu mng ri ni tip nhau. Ni cui cng c gia nhit trc tip bng hi, cc ni cn li c gia nhit bng chnh ni hi trc . Phn
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Xyr thu c t qu trnh c c s c bn cho cc n v bao tiu nh k thu gom cung cp cho cc c s sn xut phn bn. (2). Khi qut cng ngh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc Cng ngh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc ca Nh my BioEthanol c m t qua 4 giai on: X l bc 1 (x l s b): - Thit b trao i nhit (TN) - B iu tit 1 (iu chnh nhit , pH v lu lng nc thi) - Thit b tch SS kiu lng quay (FRG) - Tuyn ni cp 1
-

B phn hu k kh thu hi Mtan (b SAR, UASB)

X l bc 2 - B iu tit 2
-

B x l hiu kh sc kh.

- B lng X l bc 3 - Tuyn ni cp 2 - Lc ct - Kh trng, lm sch nc thi X l bn Nn p v tch nc lm gim m ca bn bng my p bn bng ti. Nc thi sau x l t cht lng nc x thi theo QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, ct B (Kq = 0,9, Kf = 1) - Nc thi cng nghip. II.2.2. H thng thu hi biogas Biogas sinh ra t qu trnh phn hy k kh cc cht hu c trong b SAR v UASB. Tng lng Biogas sinh ra c tnh trn 70.000 Nm3/ngy (t b SAR: 64.000 Nm3/ngy, UASB: 6.000 Nm3/ngy). Lng kh Biogas thu c t cc b k kh c dn qua h thng ra H2S v tch nc, sau c cha trong thng cha biogas trc khi vn chuyn n l hi.
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Khi l hi gp s c hay lng kh Biogas sinh ra d so vi nhu cu hin ti ca l hi th lc kh Biogas s c t ti uc, ti uc c trang b thit b nh la t ng c kh nng t ng t chy khi c kh Biogas d. m bo tnh an ton cho h thng x l, khong cch t uc t n cc cng trnh nh sau: - Khong cch n ngun in t nht 20m - Khong cch n khu vc kho cha cc cht gy chy t nht 50m - Khong cch n b x l k kh 25m. Bng 1: Thnh phn kh Biogas
Thnh phn CH4 CO2 N2 H2 H2S T l 55%-60% 38%-43% 0,3% 0,1% 0,2%

Ngun: Bo co thuyt minh cng ngh XLNT, nm 2010

II.2.3. H thng thu gom v thot nc ca Nh my H thng thot nc ca Nh my c thit k m bo thu gom ton b nc thi, nc ma chy trn qua cc khu vc. Ton b nc ma nhim bn v nc thi ca Nh my sau khi c thu gom v x l s dn vo h thng thot nc chung D2000. Chi tit thit k h thng cng D2000 vi cc h ga v kt cu cng c th hin trong bn v thit k chi tit tuyn cng D2000. (S thit k h thng cng thot nc D2000 nh km phn ph lc). (1). Thot nc ma Nc ma chy qua cc khu vc khng b nhim bn bi du m, ho cht s c thu gom vo cc rnh thot nc dc theo cc con ng bao xung quanh Nh my. H thng thot nc ma c xy bng b tng chu lc, nc chy trn s c thu gom v c cc song chn loi b cn, rc bn trc khi chy vo h thng cng thot nc chung ca Nh my. Nc ma chy qua cc khu vc c kh nng nhim nh: Khu vc thng cha sn phm ethanol, khu vc cha DDFS, khu cha ho chts c thu gom vo cc
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rnh b tr xung quanh v vo mt h thu sau s c bm n phn xng x l nc thi tp trung ca Nh my. (2). Thot nc thi Nc thi t cc phn xng, nc thi nhim du t cc khu vc sn xut, nc thi sinh hotc thu gom vo h thng cng rnh thot nc v chy vo h thu, sau c bm n phn xng x l nc thi chung ca Nh my. Ton b nc thi ca Nh my c thu gom v h thng x l tp trung, nc thi sau khi x l t QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT ct B, s c bm vo h thng cng thot nc thi D2000. Nc thi sau khi c bm vo h thng cng D2000 s chy vo h thng thot nc chung dc tuyn Tr Bnh-Cng Dung Qut. Ti v tr x vo h thng mng thot nc ca Khu kinh t Dung Qut b tr cc h ga gim lu lng v thu gom cn, cng nh lm v sinh v d bo tr khi cn thit. V tr u ni vo h thng thot nc chung tuyn Tr Bnh-Cng Dung Qut c ch ra trong bn v nh km. (S v tr u ni thot nc thi nh km phn ph lc) II.3. Cng ngh sn xut Nh my D n ch thay i cng ngh x l nc thi cn cng ngh sn xut ca nh my vn gi nguyn, c th: II.3.1. Quy m, sn phm Nh my (1). Quy m sn xut Cng sut nh my: 100.000.000 lt Bio-Ethanol/nm, trong : Nguyn liu chnh: Sn lt Nhu cu sn lt: 240.000 tn/nm, Ngun thu mua nguyn liu ti khu vc Ty Nguyn v Nam Trung B. (2). Sn phm ca d n (a) Sn phm chnh - Sn phm chnh ca d n l: Bio-Ethanol ( 99,8%v/v): 100.000.000 lt/nm. - Cht lng v quy cch ca sn phm Bio-Ethanol nhin liu nh sau:

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Bng 2: Cht lng v quy cch ca sn phm


Ch tiu Ch t l ng > 92,1 % < 0,5 % < 5,0 % < 1% 1,96 4,76 < 40 < 0,1 <0,0 07 6,5 9,0 < 30

Ethanol (% th tch)

Methanol (% th tch)

Nha tan trong dung mi (mg/100ml)

Hm lng nc (% th tch) Hm lng cc cht lm bin tnh (% th tch) Hm lng cc chloride v c (% th tch) Hm lng ng (mg/kg) axit (% khi lng) pHe

Hm lng lu hunh (ppm)


Ngun: Bo co d n u t, nm 2009

(b) Sn phm ph - Sn phm ph ca d n gm: + CO2: 20.000 tn/nm (trong giai on I). nh hng giai on II u t thm mt dy chuyn 20.000 tn/nm. + Cht n thc n gia sc (DDFS): khong 76 tn/ngy. + Kh Biogas: Khong 70.000Nm3/ngy. c s dng t l hi sn xut in v
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hi nc qu nhit phc v sn xut. (c) Quy trnh cng ngh Cng ngh sn xut Bio-Ethanol vi nguyn liu l sn kh da trn hot ng ca cc enzyme v vi sinh vt c kh nng thy phn tinh bt v chuyn ha tinh bt thnh ng (qu trnh ng ha) v sau chuyn ha ng thnh Bio-Ethanol (qu trnh ln men). Dch sau ln men c nng Bio-Ethanol thp (9 14%v/v), cn phi loi b ti a lng nc bng phng php chng ct, tinh luyn t sn phm BioEthanol l Bio-Ethanol bn luyn c nng cn ln hn 95%v/v a vo cng on tch nc sn xut Bio-Ethanol nhin liu p ng tiu chun EU v cc tiu chun khc do IFQC (Trung tm cht lng nhin liu quc t) a ra.

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Chun b nguyn liu

Tch tp cht

Nghin Nghin

Ha bt Ha bt

H ha ng ha H ha ng ha

Nhn men Ln men Nhn men Ln men

Chng ct Chng ct

Tch nc Tch nc

Bio-Ethanol

Hnh 1: S khi lu trnh sn xut Bio-Ethanol ca Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol

Chun b nguyn liu Nguyn liu s dng cho Nh my l sn kh. Nguyn liu sn kh bn trn th trng ch yu l loi sn khc c di t 40 70 mm, sn c gt khong 65 70 % v, phi trn nn t nn lng ct, , t, st ln trong sn tng i nhiu.
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Sn kh thu mua v nh my, mt phn c cha trong h thng kho tn tr, phn cn li c a vo trc tip sn xut. Cng on tch tp cht Nguyn liu sn lt trc khi c a qua my nghin phi c lm sch, loi b cc tp cht nh ct, , si, kim loi, vvbng h thng thit b nam chm t tnh (ti bng ti khu vc tn tr v b cp liu ca my nghin) v h thng cung cp gi ca b phn cp liu my nghin nhm trnh h hng, m bo hot ng n nh ca my nghin v sn phm sau nghin t cht lng yu cu. Cng on nghin Sn c a qua my nghin ba nhm ph v cu trc mng t bo thc vt ca nguyn liu, gii phng cc ht tinh bt khi cc m, gip cho nc thm thu vo tinh bt tt hn qu trnh h ha din ra nhanh hn. Nh my s dng cng ngh nghin kh p ng c tnh a dng v nguyn liu v p ng yu cu cng ngh v mn ca bt. H thng c thit k p ng cc tiu chun v ting n, v mi trng. Cng on ha bt Bt sau nghin c a vo khu vc chun b dch v tch ct. y bt c ha trn vi nc cng ngh, nc ngng v dng dch hm tun hon, sau hn hp dch c a vo h thng Cyclon 3 cp tch ct. Phn dch sau tch ct c a vo Nh sn xut chnh nhm thc hin cng on h ha - ng ha.

Cng on h ha - ng ha

Qu trnh h ha tinh bt nhm mc ch: Ph v tip nhng mng t bo cn li ca nguyn liu, gii phng tinh bt v chuyn tinh bt sang dng ha tan gip cho qu trnh ng ha thun li hn. Enzyme Alpha-amylase c s dng ha lng tinh bt thnh dextrin c nht thp, ha lng tinh bt l bc cng ngh ha sinh u tin chuyn i tinh bt thnh ng ln men c. Qu trnh ng ha tinh bt nhm mc ch: Chuyn ha dextrin sang dng ng n, ng ln men c. Enzyme gluco amylase c s dng chuyn ha tinh bt ha tan thnh ng c th ln men c.

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Phng trnh tng qut qu trnh ng ha nh sau: (C6H10O5)n 162g

nH2O 18g

nC6H12O6 180g

Cng on nhn men ln men

Qu trnh ln men l qu trnh chuyn ng n thnh Bio-Ethanol, kh CO2 v cc sn phm trung gian khc. Phng trnh tng qut qu trnh ln men nh sau: C6H12O6 180 g 2C2H5OH 92 g + 2CO2 + 88 g 31 cal

Quy trnh ln men c s dng l ln men theo m bao gm 01 thng ha men, 01 thng nhn ging men, 04 thng ln men v 01 thng cha gim chn. Qu trnh ln men l qu trnh sinh nhit, mt lng ln nhit c to ra gy c ch qu trnh ln men, do vy dch ln men cn c duy tr nhit n nh bng cch lm mt dch cng bc thit b trao i nhit bn ngoi thng ln men. Thi gian ln men i vi dch ng ha t 48 62 gi, pH ca khi dch ln men t 4,2 4,5; nhit ln men ti u l 320C. Sau khi ln men, hn hp gia Bio-Ethanol v cc sn phm khc c gi l gim chn c nng Bio-Ethanol khong 9 14 %v/v. Gim chn thu c sau qu trnh ln men c chuyn n cng on chng ct tch Bio-Ethanol ra khi gim chn. Cng on chng ct Mc ch: Tch Bio-Ethanol ra khi gim chn, loi b cc tp cht v nng nng Bio-Ethanol ln 95 %v/v. Nh my p dng h thng chng ct a p sut gm 03 thp chng c phn loi theo chc nng nh sau: Thp ct th: Gm 02 thp (01 thp hot ng p sut chn khng, 01 thp hot ng p sut kh quyn) c nhim v tch Bio-Ethanol ra khi gim chn, nng nng Bio-Ethanol ln 40-70% v hm thi c tch ra y thp.
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Thp ct tinh: Hn hp Bio-Ethanol v nc thot t nh thp ct th c ngng t v a vo thp ct tinh tch Bio-Ethanol v tp cht, nng nng BioEthanol ln 95-96%v/v (Bio-Ethanol bn luyn). Cng on tch nc Do hin tng im ng ph ca hn hp Bio-Ethanol v nc nn sau cng on chng ct Bio-Ethanol thu c ch t nng 95-96 %v/v. s dng lm nhin liu, Bio-Ethanol tip tc c a qua cng on tch nc t nng ti thiu 99,8 %v/v. Nh my s dng cng ngh lc ry phn t tch nc. Hi Bio-Ethanol thot ra t thp ct tinh c gia nhit siu tc ho hi hon ton sau c cp vo h thng tch nc bng ry phn t. Khi hn hp Bio-Ethanol v nc dng hi i qua lp vt liu Zeolites 3A, nc s b gi li, cn hi Bio-Ethanol s thot ra y thp v c ngng t, lm mt sau c tn cha.

Mt s cng on khc

Cng on thu hi CO 2

Kh CO2 th t bn ln men qua cc qu trnh ra, sy kh, lm lnh ha lng thu c CO 2 lng t tiu chun cht lng thc phm , sau c a vo bn cha. Tch cht rn t hm thi Hm thi t y thp ct th c cha trong bn cha. T bn cha hm thi c bm vo cc my ly tm trc ngang dng decanter. Sau khi qua ly tm, 75 n 85% hm lng cht rn tch ra di dng b m. Nc hm thi sau ly tm(thin stillage) cha khong 11% w/w hm lng cht rn c cha trong thng v c bm mt phn b sung cho dy chuyn cng ngh, mt phn a vo h thng XLNT. Lng b t sau c chuyn n thit b sy kh sy kh. B sy kh c m 10-14% w/w, c lu tr trong kho cha hoc a i tiu th. H thng v sinh ti ch -CIP Quy trnh v sinh ti ch s dng dung dch ho cht ty ra pha long v nng v sinh, thanh trng v ho tan cc cu cn bm trn b mt thit b trao nhit, bn cha v ng ng, H thng phn phi dch CIP bao gm cc ng dn v thit b phun tia n tt c cc thit b trao i nhit, cc bn cha cn lm v sinh. mi thit b c gn cc van c lp vn hnh t ng hoc bng tay. Dung dch ho cht ty ra c ti s dng li nhiu ln n mc ti a c th s dng c.
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H thng nc gii nhit Nh my trang b h thng nc gii nhit c lu lng d kin nh sau: H thng thp gii nhit v ng ng c thit k cung cp nc gii nhit lng nc theo yu cu cng ngh. Thp gii nhit c thit k cho tng cng on c chnh lch nhit t 2-12 oC. Nhit nc nng tr v c chn theo nhit trung bnh khong 40 oC v cp nc gii nhit c nhit khong 32 oC. II.3.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh Do thay i cng ngh x l nc thi nn cc hng mc ca d n cng c s iu chnh v sp xp li hp l. (S b tr mt bng tng th nh km phn ph lc ) B tr cc hng mc cn cn c vo cc yu t sau: - Hng gi chnh l hng ng v Ty Bc. - V tr li in, v tr thot nc ma hng Ty dc theo ng cng nghip ca khu vc Nh my. - V tr thot nc thi hng Bc ca mt bng. - V tr tip nhn nc sch nm gc Ty Nam ca mt bng. - Mi hng mc c b tr theo tiu chun thit k v ng ng v khong cch thit b. V tr ca cc hng mc c b tr nh sau: Tng din tch t giai on I ca Nh my l 14,87 ha, trong din tch xy dng (cha bao gm ng v khu vc cy xanh) l 65.359 m2. t trng cho vic m rng giai on II nm pha Nam ca mt bng. Trong : - Nh hnh chnh, nh n ca, gara, trm y t c b tr u hng gi song song vi tuyn ng 4 ln xe ca KKT Dung Qut, ngay gn nh bo v v cng ra vo thun tin cho vic qun l v lin h lm vic ca khch hng vi Nh my. - Kho sn c b tr gn cng ra vo thun li cho qu trnh tip nhn nguyn liu. Cn li ton b cc hng mc phc v sn xut v ph tr c b tr thnh cc trc ngang theo hng Nam Bc.

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Bng 3: Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng giai on I


TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 S hiu hng mc 01 02 03 04 05 07 09 10 11 12 13 14A 14B 15 16 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 27A 27B Tn hng mc Kho cha sn kh Nh nghin sn Nh sn xut chnh Khu vc thu hi CO2 Khu vc ly tm v sy b Khu x l nc thi Khu b cha nc sch v nc cha chy H thng nc lm mt Trm nc kh khong Khu vc l hi Kho than Trm bin p chnh Trm bin p khu sn xut Kho vt t tng hp Xng sa cha c kh Trm kh nn Khu vc tuabin pht in Nh v sinh cng nghip Khu b cha thnh phm v ho cht Trm cn Nh xe Nh hnh chnh Nh n ca Nh bo v cng chnh Nh bo v cng ph Din tch (m2) 13.285 1.650 6.480 1.080 2.970 12.100 842,7 1.340 95,2 1.505 2.700 756 1.160 432 216 150 600 108 13.845 9 365 504 551 35 9
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26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

27C 28 29 31 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Nh bo v cng ph Trm y t Nh bo h lao ng Sil cha x than Nh chun b dch bt H thng my lm lnh Nh kho cha ho cht Khu vc cha bt cha chy Trm xut Bio-Ethanol Khu vc ha Xt Bi xe ti
Ngun: Bo co thuyt minh cng ngh XLNT, nm 2010

9 202 82 123 300 495 514,5 50 171 54 570,5

Giai on II d kin u t cc hng mc: - Xng ch bin phn vi sinh; - Xng ch bin thc n gia sc; - Dy chuyn thu hi CO2 giai on II cng sut 20.000tn/nm. II.3. Tng mc u t Tng mc u t ca d n khng c s thay i. Chi ph u t cho d n c c th trong bng sau: Bng 4: Chi ph u t cho d n
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ni dung Chi ph thit b cng ngh Chi ph xy dng cng trnh Chi ph n b, gii phng mt bng, ti nh c Chi ph qun l d n Chi ph t vn u t xy dng Chi ph ph khc Chi ph d phng vn u t Tng mc u t ca d n
Ngun: Bo co d n u t, nm 2009

Thnh tin (ng) 836.703.899.000 246.176.057.000 31.000.000.000 12.287.001.000 81.578.933.000 149.544.226.000 135.729.012.000 1.493.019.128.000

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II.4. Tin thc hin D kin hon thnh trong qu I nm 2011, chia lm cc mc chnh sau: Bng 5: Tin trin khai d n xy dng Nh my Bio-Ethanol
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cng vic thc hin Khi cng Thit k c s Thit k chi tit Xy dng Mua sm thit b Lp t thit b Chy th o to Thi gian 01/10/2009 01/10/2009 n 13/01/2010 01/10/2009 n 25/10/2010 01/10/2009 n 31/01/2010 27/12/2009 n 27/11/2010 03/05/2010 n 31/01/2011 15/12/2010 n 31/03/2011 01/02/2011 n 31/03/2011

II.5. T chc sn xut II.5.1. S t chc S t chc ca Nh my Bio-Ethanol c a ra trong hnh 1.2.
Hi ng qun tr Ban Kim sot Ban Gim c

P.TCHC

P.TCKT

Khi sn xut

P.KHKD

P.KT

Khc

PX. X l b hm

PX. Bio-Ethanol

PX. Nc

PX. Hi

Kho nguyn, vt liu

PX. X l nc thi

PX. in

Hnh 2: S t chc Nh my Bio-Ethanol

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II.5.2. Bin ch nhn s Tng nhn lc Nh my d kin s dng khong 300 ngi (tnh cho c 3 ca sn xut). II.5.3. Ch lm vic - S ngy lm vic trong nm: 330 ngy. - S ca sn xut trong ngy: - S gi lm vic mi ca: 3 ca 8 gi.

III. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG, KINH T - X HI a im xy dng d n khng thay i so vi d n TM b sung c y ban nhn dn tnh Qung Ngi cp Quyt nh ph duyt s 1657/Q-UBND ngy 23/10/2009. Do , c cc yu t v a hnh, a cht, kh hu, ch thu vn v yu t kinh t, x hi u khng thay i. Tuy nhin vo thi im ny d n hon tt vic san lp mt bng v ang tin hnh thi cng xy dng nn hin trng mi trng nn ca d n s c mt s thay i. III.1. Hin trng mi trng so snh, nh gi hin trng mi trng khu vc d n vo thi im ny vi hin trng mi trng khu vc d n iu chnh ln trc, Ch u t iu tra cc ngun thi hin c xung quanh, kho st khu vc v phi hp vi Trung tm K thut Quan trc Mi trng tin hnh quan trc, o c thc t, ly mu v phn tch cc ch tiu cht lng mi trng khng kh, nc, t ti khu vc d n vo ngy 16/4/2010 nh sau: (S v tr ly mu nh km phn ph lc) III.1.1. Cht lng khng kh Cc ch tiu qua trc: Nhit , m, bi l lng, SO2, NO2,CO, H2S, NH3, ting n. Thi im quan trc: Ngy 16/4/2010 V tr quan trc: + im 1: K1 - Ti im mc M3 + M4 cch hnh lang tuyn ng Nh my lc du 50m v pha ng khu vc d n, ta (108o49068, 15o22304); + im 2: K2 - Ti im mc M1 v pha Ty khu vc d n, ta (108o48803, 15o22209);
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+ im 3: K3 - Ti im mc M5 + M6 v pha Bc d n ti khu nh iu hnh, ta (108o48937, 15o22385). Kt qu phn tch nh sau: Bng 6: Kt qu cht lng khng kh khu vc d n (thng 4/2010)
Kt qu TT Thng s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nhit m Bi l lng SO2 NO2 CO H2S NH3 Ting n n v
o

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT K3 29,2 59,3 76,2 17,9 149,5 12.469,1 KPH KPH 62,6 QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT trung bnh 1 gi 300 350 200 30.000 42 200 TCVN 5949-1998 75

K1 29,8 56,7 82,3 18,6 106,5 12.305,6 KPH KPH Ting n 58,3

K2 30,8 50,7 67,9 16,3 97,6 10.028,9 KPH KPH 49,6

% g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 dBA

Nhn xt:
Ch tiu n ti thi im kim tra t yu cu theo TCVN 5949- 1998 (tiu

chun gii hn ti a cho php ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c).


Ch tiu hm lng bi, SO2 NO2, CO, NH3, H2S ti thi im kim tra hu ht

t yu cu theo QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT (Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh) v QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh).

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So snh kt qu quan trc trn vi cc s liu ly mu quan trc mi trng khng kh khu vc d n vo thng 4/2009 (bng 7) cho thy hin trng mi trng khng kh khu vc u t xy dng Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol cha c du hiu b nhim, ti thi im kho st v ly mu, cc ch tiu u nm trong gii hn cho php (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT v TCVN 5949-1998). ng thi, kt qu phn tch mu ca 02 t quan trc chnh lch khng ng k; t , cho thy mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n trong hai nm 2009 v 2010 khng thay i nhiu. Bng 7: Kt qu cht lng khng kh khu vc d n (thng 4/2009)
V tr kim tra - o c TCVN 5949:1998 n v Kt qu QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT

TT 1

K1 - Ti im mc M3 + M4 cch hnh lang tuyn ng Nh my lc du 50m v pha ng khu vc d n n Bi l lng (TSP) dBA g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 dBA g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 dBA g/m3 61,7 78,91 KPH KPH 19,7 10.438,5 104,73 49,8 56,94 KPH KPH 17,1 11.289,8 98,9 59,2 58,13 75,0 300 200 42 350 30.000 200 75,0 300 200 42 350 30.000 200 75,0 300
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- NH3 - H2S - SO2 - CO - NO2 2 n Bi l lng (TSP)

K2 - Ti im mc M1 v pha Ty khu vc d n

- NH3 - H2S - SO2 - CO - NO2 3 n Bi l lng (TSP)

K3 - Gia khu vc d kin xy dng Nh my giai on I

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- NH3 - H2S - SO2 - CO - NO2 4 n Bi l lng (TSP)

g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 dBA g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 dBA g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 dBA g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 dBA

KPH KPH 16,3 12.050,2 111,87 50,1 55,75 KPH KPH 17,9 11.418,5 102,28 59,6 61,3 KPH KPH 15,7 12.824,8 155,93 49,2 55,86 KPH KPH 19,1 15.217,9 103,39 51,8

200 42 350 30.000 200 75,0 300 200 42 350 30.000 200 75,0 300 200 42 350 30.000 200 75,0 300 200 42 350 30.000 200 75,0

K4 - Ti im mc M11 v pha Ty Nam d n

- NH3 - H2S - SO2 - CO - NO2 5 n Bi l lng (TSP)

K5 - Ti im mc M5 + M6 v pha Bc d n

- NH3 - H2S - SO2 - CO - NO2 6 n Bi l lng (TSP)

K6 - Ti im mc M10, gn cc h dn c i 1 - thn ng L

- NH3 - H2S - SO2 - CO - NO2 7 n

K7 - Gia khu vc d kin xy dng Nh my giai on II

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Bi l lng (TSP)

g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3

56,84 KPH KPH 16,7 11.853,9 100,65

300 200 42 350 30.000 200

- NH3 - H2S - SO2 - CO - NO2

III.1.2. Cht lng nc Thi im ly mu vo ma kh nn cc ngun nc mt xung quanh kh cn, do khng ly c mu nc mt. Trung tm K thut Quan trc Mi trng tin hnh kho st, ly 02 mu nc ngm - nc ging khi ti hai v tr NN1, NN2 nh t quan trc thc hin vo thng 4 nm 2009. V tr ly mu nc ngm: + im 1: NN1 H b V Th Liu, i 2, thn ng L v pha Ty Nam khu vc d n, ta (108o48818, 15o22206). + im 2: NN2 H b Phng Th L, i 1, thn ng L v pha ng Nam khu vc d n, ta (108o49061, 15o21843). Kt qu phn tch nh sau: Bng 8: Kt qu cht lng nc ngm khu vc d n (thng 4/2010)
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ghi ch: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm
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Thng s pH c mu cng Cht rn tng hp P tng NO3Coliform

n v FTU Pt-co mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml

Kt qu NN1 7,16 4,03 35,06 12,05 65 0,054 0,102 3 NN2 6,12 6,35 11,8 48,7 64,2 0,086 0,221 6

QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT 5,5 - 8,5 500 1500 15 3

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Nhn xt: Kt qu phn tch bng trn so vi QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT cho thy tt c cc thng s trong nc ngm u c nng thp hn quy chun cho php. Ring ch tiu Coliform ti v tr NN2 vt quy chun cho php 2 ln, do ngun nc ngm khu vc ny xut hin tng nng (1,7m), cc h gia nh ti khu vc ny chn nui gia sc gia cm ngay bn cnh ging nc, sn cc chung tri bng nn t v lp t b mt xp d ht nc nn cc vi sinh vt d dng xm nhp gy nhim vi sinh cho nc ngm. So snh vi cc im ly mu vo thng 4/2009 ti cc im nh sau: + im 1: NN1 H b V Th Liu, i 2, thn ng L v pha Ty Nam khu vc d n, ta (108o48818, 15o22206). + im 2: NN2 H b Phng Th L, i 1, thn ng L v pha ng Nam khu vc d n, ta (108o49061, 15o21843). + im 3: NN3 H ng Nguyn Vn B, i 2, thn ng L v pha ng khu vc d n, ta (108o49033, 15o22327). + im 4: NN4 H b Nguyn Th Tng, i 2, thn ng L v pha Ty Bc khu vc d n, ta (108o48953, 15o22391). Bng 9: Kt qu cht lng nc ngm khu vc d n (thng 4/2009)
T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 pH c mu cng Cht rn tng hp P tng NO3Coliform Thng s n v FTU Pt-co mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml Kt qu NN1 7,01 4,71 36 68 0,064 0,153 3 NN2 6,4 6,880 12,3 63 0,077 0,112 11 NN3 6,4 6,51 22,1 49,5 94 NN4 6,01 12,4 59,8 29,8 75 QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT 5,5 - 8,5 500 1500 15 3

11,88 46,500

0,125 0,087 0,214 0,322 3 KPH

Kt lun: Qua kt qu phn tch 02 bng trn ta thy hu ht cc thng s v cht lng nc ngm trong khu vc d n u c nng thp hn tiu chun cho php. Ring,
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ch tiu Coliform ca mu NN2 vo hai t ly mu u vt so vi quy chun cho php. T c th kt lun rng, kh m thay i c tp qun chn nui ca ngi dn trong khu vc, nn m bo n ung hp v sinh, bo v sc khe, ngi dn cn phi un chn, nu si nc trc khi s dng.

III.1.3. Cht lng t Trung tm K thut Quan trc Mi trng tin hnh quan trc, ly mu t ti khu vc d n vo 16/4/2010 v phn tch cht lng mi trng t. Cc ch tiu quan trc: pH, KCl, Fe, Zn, Cd, As, Pb,... Phng php phn tch v ly mu t c thc hin theo quy nh ca TCVN 5297-1995. V tr ly mu: + im 1: 1 - Khu vc ln tri tm ca cng nhn xy dng, ta (108 48935, 15o22377)
o

Kt qu phn tch nh sau: Bng 10: Kt qu cht lng t khu vc d n (ngy 16/4/2010)
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thng s pHKCl Pb Cd As Fe Cu Zn n v mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg Kt qu 1 7,01 10,12 1,04 2,11 17,34 12,85 65,61 70 2 12 50 200 QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT

Bng 11: Kt qu cht lng t khu vc d n (ngy 16/4/2009)


TT Thng s n v Kt qu 1 2 QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ghi ch:

pHKCl Pb Cd As Fe Cu Zn

mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

7,01 11,71 1,12 3,94 20,94 36,85 84,65

6,94 12,61 1,37 3,39 25,81 40,16 91,79

70 2 12 50 200

1 - Gia khu vc d kin xy dng Nh my giai on I 2 - Gia khu vc d kin xy dng Nh my giai on II QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - Gii hn cho php ca kim loi nng trong t - t nng nghip.

Nhn xt: T kt qu phn tch ca hai bng trn so snh vi QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT cho thy, cc ch tiu kim loi nng trong t u thp hn gii hn cho php v t khu vc d n thuc vng t bc mu, c dinh dng thp - ph hp vi pht trin cng nghip v dch v. Nhn xt chung: Nh vy hin trng mi trng nn khu vc d n khi d n cha trin khai so vi hin ti (d n ang thi cng xy dng) khng c s thay i ng k, hu ht cc ch tiu quan trc u nm trong gii hn cho php ca tiu chun, quy chun Vit Nam hin hnh. iu ny chng t vic thi cng xy dng d n ti thi im ny cha gy nhim n mi trng. IV. NHNG THAY I V TC NG MI TRNG IV.1. Tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng d n D n xy dng Nh my Bio-Ethanol thay i cng ngh x l nc thi ca Nh my t cng ngh c c bc hi sang cng ngh x l sinh hc nn nhng tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng d n khng c g thay i so vi bo co TM v TM b sung lp v ph duyt ln trc. IV.2. Tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh d n IV.2.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng (1) Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng kh
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Theo dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut ca Nh my v cc ti liu k thut c lin quan, cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng kh v cc cht gy nhim ch th ch yu c xc nh v th hin trong bng sau:

Bng 12: Cc ngun gy tc ng v cht gy nhim mi trng khng kh


STT Ngun gy tc ng I 1 Cc cht gy nhim

Kh thi, bi, ting n t dy chuyn cng ngh Khu vc tip nhn - Bi, ting n sinh ra trong qu trnh bc d nguyn liu. nguyn liu, kho cha nguyn liu Vn chuyn nguyn liu L hi - Kh thi, bi, ting n sinh ra t phung tin giao thng vn ti. - Kh SOx, NOx, CO, CO2 sinh ra t qu trnh t than, kh mtan. - Ting n pht sinh t cc van an ton l hi trong qu trnh sn xut.

2 3

Nghin nguyn liu

- Bi nguyn liu t cng on chuyn liu, phn loi v nghin - Kh thi ca cc my nghin - Ting n

5 6 7 8

ng ln men Chng ct Tinh luyn Ho lng kh CO2

- Kh CO2 pht sinh trong qu trnh ln men. - Kh khng ngng (CO2, SO2...) - Hi Bio-Ethanol cha tp cht - Hp cht hu c bay hi (VOC) - R r kh CO2 ra ngoi mi trng. - R r kh lm lnh NH3 - Hydrocacbon v cc cht d chy thi ra t cng on lc CO2 bng b lc than hot tnh

9 II

X l nc thi

- Kh CH4, mi hi

Kh thi, bi, ting - Ting n sinh ra t cc phng tin giao thng vn ti. n t cc ngun - Kh SO , NO , CO, CO sinh ra t qu trnh vn hnh trm x x 2 khc pht in d phng.
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- Cc tc nhn vt l nh ting n, rung, nhit, bc x sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut. - Mi hi pht sinh ra t nc thi, rc thi do qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c.

(2) Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng nc Ngun gy tc ng mi trng nc v cc cht gy nhim trong giai on Nh my i vo hot ng sn xut c tm tt trong bng sau: Bng 13: Cc ngun gy tc ng v cht gy nhim mi trng nc
TT 1 Ngun gy tc ng Nc thi sn xut Cc cht gy nhim - Dch hm thi c hm lng cc cht hu c, cht rn l lng rt cao. - Nc x y l hi, thp gii nhit v trm kh khong. - Nc v sinh my mc thit b c cha hm lng cc cht hu c, cht rn l lng v tng nit cao. 2 Nc thi sinh hot Nc thi t qu trnh ra, nc v sinh, nc thi t khu nh n tp th cn b cng nhn vin Nh my c thnh phn cc cht rn l lng, cc hp cht hu c v cc cht ty ra hot ng b mt rt cao. Nc ma chy trn trong khun vin Nh my cun theo ct, t, rc nn c hm lng cht rn l lng kh cao.

Nc ma chy trn

(3) Cc ngun cht thi rn - Lng tp cht c loi ra t qu trnh lm sch nguyn liu; - B sn; - Tro, x than ca l hi t than; - Bn cn thu c sau qu trnh x l nc thi; - Rc thi sinh hot ca cn b, cng nhn vin ca Nh my; - Rc thi nguy hi gm cc bao b, thu tinh, gh lau thm du m v cn xng du d tha, can, thng ... IV.2.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng d n i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng c trnh by trong bng 14. Bng 14: i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng
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TT 1 2 3 4

i tng b tc ng Khng kh khu vc d n Ngun nc ngm ti khu vc d n Thc vt ti khu vc d n H tng ng giao thng khu vc d n Cng nhn Mi trng x hi

Quy m b tc ng - Bu khng kh trong phm vi Nh my v dc cc tuyn ng vn chuyn - Cc ging khoan, ging o ti khu vc d n v vng ln cn - Ton b thm thc vt ti khu vc Nh my - H thng giao thng ti khu vc d n v vng ln cn s b xung cp do hot ng vn ti ca Nh my - Ton b cng nhn lm vic trong Nh my - Cc h dn sng gn khu vc Nh my - Cc loi hnh kinh doanh dch v khu vc xung quanh Nh my - Trt t tr an khu vc xung quanh Nh my

5 6

IV.2.3. nh gi tc ng mi trng IV.2.3.1. nhim khng kh Tc ng do cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh c mt s thay i sau: (1) Kh thi l hi L hi cung cp nhit cho Nh my s dng nhin liu l than cm v Biogas. Theo C quan Bo v Mi trng M (US-EPA) a ra h s nhim ca kh thi l hi khi t nhin liu l than v biogas nh bng sau: Bng 15: H s nhim i vi qu trnh t than
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cht nhim Bi SO2 NO2 CO THC CO2 H s t than (Kg/tn than) 5,0 18(S) 1,5 45,0 1,25 H s t Biogas (Kg CO2/m3 CH4) 10

Ngun: US EPA, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 1973 Ghi ch: S l hm lng lu hunh trong than (0,72%)
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(a). Lu lng kh thi khi t than Theo thuyt minh cng ngh d n, tng lng than s dng l 50.700tn/nm cho l hi c tng cng sut 80 tn hi/gi cung cp hi cho turbine pht in. Than c cc c tnh nh sau: Mt trng lng khi chy: 10% Hiu sut: 31,8% Gi tr nhit ca than : 6.850 kcal/kg Hm lng tro: 16,5% Vt cht bay hi: 6,5% Hm lng lu hunh: 0,72% Lu lng kh thi sinh ra khi t than c tnh theo cng thc sau: L = B x [ VO20 + ( - 1)VO ] x (273 + t)/273 Trong : B : Lng than t trong 1 gi = 6.401,5 kg/gi. VO20: Khi sinh ra khi t 1 kg than, ly bng 7,5 m3/kg. : H s d kh, ly = 1,3. VO: Lng khng kh cn t 1 kg than, ly bng 7,1 m3/kg. t: Nhit khi thi, ly t = 200oC. Thay s vo ta tnh c tng lng kh thi t than L = 106.648 m3/gi. (b). Lu lng kh thi khi t biogas: Theo bo co thuyt minh iu chnh cng ngh XLNT Nh my lng Biogas sinh ra hng ngy khong 70.000Nm3/ngy. Lu lng kh thi sinh ra khi t biogas l 2.916,5 m3/gi. Vy tng lu lng kh thi ra khi t l hi bng than v biogas l 109.564,5m3/gi v theo bo co cng ngh d n nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l hi c a ra nh bng sau: Bng 16: Nng cc cht nhim kh thi l hi
Cht nhim Bi khi
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Nng (mg/m3) 2.500 - 4.500


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SO2 NO2

936 814

(c) Tnh ton pht tn cc cht nhim t l hi (khi cha x l) Da vo cc s liu lin quan n ngun nhim v s liu kh tng thu thp, tnh ton nng cc i ti mt t ca cc cht nhim (bi, NO2, SO2) khi tc gi thay i, xc nh nng cc i ti mt t v phn b nng theo chiu gi vi l hi trong iu kin kh quyn bt li nht ( bn vng kh quyn loi A v tc gi 4,5m/s). M hnh tnh ton l CAP 3.0 ca TSKH Bi T Long - Vin Mi trng v Ti nguyn Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Thng s m hnh tnh ton pht thi kh nhim: ng khi: Chiu cao: 60(m) ng knh: 2,0(m)
Kh thi:

Lu lng: 30,4 (m/s) Nhit : 200(C)

Kh tng 1. Gi: Vn tc: 4,5(m/s) Hng gi (hng Bc): 0 2. n nh: Loi: Nng thn Gi tr: A 3. Nhit : 30(C) 4. p sut: 1013(Mbar) iu kin bin: phn x nng vt khi: Holland Kt qu tnh pht tn cc cht nhim c th hin trn cc m hnh v biu nh sau: Kt qu tnh pht tn bi:

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Hnh 3: Kt qu tnh pht tn nhim bi t kh thi l hi

Hnh 4: Biu phn b nng bi theo hng gi

Kt qu tnh pht tn SO2:

Hnh 5: Kt qu tnh pht tn nhim SO2 t kh thi l hi


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Hnh 6: Biu phn b nng SO2 theo hng gi

Kt qu tnh pht tn NO2

Hnh 7: Kt qu tnh pht tn nhim kh NO2 t kh thi l hi

Hnh 8: Biu phn b nng NO2 theo hng gi

Nhn xt:
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Trong iu kin kh tng, ngun thi c trnh by phn cc thng s chy m hnh pht thi kh, cc kh thi c gi tr v s phn b nh sau: - Nng bi c gi tr cc i l Cmax= 0,767 mg/m3 khong cch X= 300m v hng Nam tnh t ngun thi (hnh 4) vt gii hn cho php quy nh ti QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh. - Nng SO2 c gi tr cc i l Cmax = 0,238 mg/m3 khong cch X = 300m v hng Nam tnh t ngun thi (hnh 6) di hn gii hn cho php quy nh ti QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT . - Nng NO2 c gi tr cc i l Cmax = 0,176 mg/m3 khong cch X = 300m v hng Nam tnh t ngun thi (hnh 8) di gii hn cho php quy nh ti QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT. (2) Kh CO2 sinh ra trong cng on ln men Lng CO2 sinh ra trong cng on ln men l kh ln c thu hi, ho lng cung cp cho th trng trong v ngoi nc. Trong , giai on I Nh my u t dy chuyn thu hi v ha lng CO2 vi cng sut khong 20.000 tn/nm, giai on 2 Nh my s u t thm mt dy chuyn cng sut 20.000 tn/nm. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh sn xut, mt phn kh CO2 sinh ra c th b tht thot vo khng kh, l nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh trong khu vc sn xut v xung quanh. (3) Kh thi t cng on ha lng CO2 Lng CO2 sinh ra trong cng on ln men l kh ln khong 10.000kg/gi s c thu hi, ho lng cung cp cho th trng trong v ngoi nc. Trong , giai on I Nh my u t dy chuyn thu hi v ha lng CO 2 vi cng sut khong 20.000 tn/nm, giai on II Nh my s u t thm mt dy chuyn cng sut 20.000 tn/nm. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh ha lng, mt phn kh CO 2 sinh ra c th b tht thot vo khng kh, l nguyn nhn gy hiu ng nh knh. Trong cng on ha lng CO2, kh NH3 c s dng lm kh ha lng. NH3 l kh nn ha lng, khng mu, mi khai, bay hi rt nhanh v nh hn khng kh nn d tht thot trong qu trnh dn kh ha lng. (4) Kh thi t cng on x l nc thi Nh my
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Dung dch hm ca qu trnh sn xut Bio-Ethanol d b phn hy k kh to ra sn phm l cc kh NH3, H2S c mi hi nu khng c phng n qun l v x l khp kn hiu qu. D n a ra phng n x l sinh hc thu hi Biogas. Hm thi c a qua lp bn k kh, cht hu c s c phn hy nh enzyme c tit ra t chnh t bo vi sinh vt, ln men mtan. Kt qu ca qu trnh phn hy ny to ra cc axit bo d bay hi, nc, kh mtan v cc kh khc. Kh mtan c thu hi lm nhin liu cho l hi vi lng 70.000 Nm3/ngy. Vi lng kh mtan nh vy khi tht thot ra mi trng s gy mi hi thi, nguy c chy n v l mt trong nhng cht kh gy hiu ng nh knh. Ngoi ra, ti cc b h nh b iu tit 1, b DAF 1 v b hiu kh, qu trnh phn hu k kh cc cht hu c trong nc thi c kh nng gy mi hi thi, nh hng n mi trng khu vc Nh my v khu dn c xung quanh nu khng c kim sot v x l hiu qu. (5) Tc ng ca cc cht kh Tc ng ca cc cht nhim khng kh c tm tt trong bng 17. Bng 17: Tc ng ca cc cht nhim khng kh
TT 1 Thng s Kh axt (SOx, NOx). -

Tc ng Gy nh hng h h hp, phn tn vo mu; SO2 c th nhim c qua da, lm gim d tr kim trong mu; - To ma axt nh hng xu ti s pht trin thm thc vt v cy trng; - Tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hy vt liu b tng v cc cng trnh nh ca; nh hng xu n kh hu, h sinh thi v tng zn. Gy ri lon h hp phi; Gy hiu ng nh knh; Tc hi n h sinh thi.

2 3

Oxyt cacbon (CO) Kh cacbonic (CO2)

Gim kh nng vn chuyn xy ca mu n cc t chc, t bo. -

Hydrocarbon (THC,VOC)

Gy nhim c cp tnh: Suy nhc, chng mt, nhc u, ri lon gic quan c khi gy t vong.

Cc cht kh c hi nh cc oxit Nit, CO, SOx, ch yu nh hng n cng nhn trc tip sn xut v pht tn gy nguy hi n bu kh quyn. Vi nng cao,
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nhng loi kh ny s phn ng ho hc vi hi nc c trong khng kh to thnh cht nhim th cp nh HNO3, H2CO3 v gy ra nhng trn ma axit, nh hng nghim trng n mi trng. V vy, Ch d n s c bin php c th nhm hn ch cc tc ng tiu cc c kh nng xy ra do nhim kh thi. IV.2.3.2. nhim do nc thi (1) Nc thi sn xut (a). Ngun pht sinh, lu lng - Dch hm thi pht sinh t qu trnh chng ct tch Bio-Ethanol ra khi gim chn, lu lng 2.506 m3/ngy. - Nc thi pht sinh t cc khu v sinh nh xng, my mc, thit b, t trm kh khong, nc x y l hi v thp gii nhit, lu lng 2.208 m3/ngy. (b). Thnh phn nc thi Cc cht nhim c trng trong nc thi dch hm l cht hu c (BOD/COD), cht rn l lng. (c). Nng nc thi dch hm Bng 18: Nng ca nc thi dch hm cha x l
Thng s Nhit pH COD BOD5 SS n v
o

Gi tr 80 ,6 4-4,2 70.000 35.000 7.611

QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT 40 5,5 - 9 100 50 100

C -

mg/l mg/l mg/l

Ghi ch: QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.

Nhn xt So snh nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut (cha x l) vi quy chun quy nh cho thy cc ch tiu trn u vt so vi QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, ct B. Ch d n s u t h thng x l nc thi x l cc cht nhim trc khi u ni vo h thng thot nc chung ca KKT. (2) Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn
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Khi nh my i vo hot ng s thu ht khong 300 lao ng c gin tip v trc tip. Theo tiu chun xy dng, nh mc nc cp sinh hot l 100lt/ngi.ngy, mc pht sinh nc thi sinh hot l 80 lt/ngi/ngy.m (tng ng khong 80% nc cp). Da vo cc s liu trn, tnh c tng lu lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca Nh my khong 24 m3/ngy. Theo tnh ton thng k, i vi nhng quc gia ang pht trin th h s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (khi nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l) c trnh by trong bng sau. Bng 19: H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l)
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BOD5 COD Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m phi khong Tng nit (N) Amoni (N-NH4) Tng photpho (P) Cht nhim H s (g/ngi/ngy) 45 54 72 102 70 145 10 30 6 12 2,4 4,8 0,8 4,0

Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993.

Cn c vo cc h s nhim tnh ton nhanh nu trn, c th d bo ti lng v nng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot trong giai on hot ng ca Nh my nh c trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 20: Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x l) trong giai on hot ng ca Nh my
TT
1 2 3 4

Cht nhim BOD5 COD Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m

Ti lng (kg/ngy) 13,5-16,2 21,6-30,6 21-43,5 3-9

QCVN Nng (mg/l) 14:2008/BTNMT (K=1,2) 526-675 900-1.275 875-1.812 125-375 60 120 24
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5 6 7

Tng nit (N) Amoni (N-NH4) Tng photpho (P)

1,8-3,6 0,72-1,44 0,4-1,2

75-150 30-60 10-50

12 12

Ghi ch: QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot.

So snh nng nc thi sinh hot (cha x l) vi QCVN 14:2008/ BTNMT cho thy nng BOD, SS, du m, amni, tng P cao hn quy chun nhiu ln. hn ch tc ng do nc thi sinh hot, Ch d n s c cc bin php gim thiu nhm hn ch ti a nhim mi trng.

(3) Nc ma chy trn Trn din tch khu t d n 24 ha v theo s liu kh tng thy vn v cng ma i vi trn ma ln nht c ti Qung Ngi l 100mm, c th c tnh c lng ma ri v chy trn trn b mt nh sau: Lu lng nc ma chy trn trn din tch khu vc d n c tnh ton nh sau: Q = 0,278 x K x I x F Trong : K: L h s dng chy (K = 0,6) I: L cng ma (m) (100mm=0,1m) F: Din tch lu vc (24ha) Vy lu lng nc ma chy trn trung bnh ln nht ti khu vc d n l: Q = 0,278 x 0,6 x 0,1 x 240.000 = 4.003 m3 Nh vy vi mt trn ma c cng 100mm th lu lng nc ma chy trn trn khu vc d n rt ln 4.003 m3. Vi lu lng nh vy nu chy trn qua cc khu vc kho nguyn liu, bi cha sn phm, ... s ko theo mt lng ln cht rn l lng gy bi lng khu vc xung quanh d n. Theo s liu thng k ca T chc Y t Th gii th nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn nh sau: Bng 21: Nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn

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Cht nhim Tng Nit Photpho Nhu cu xy ho hc (COD) Tng cht rn l lng (TSS)

Nng (mg/l) 0,5 - 1,5 0,004 - 0,03 10 - 20 10 - 20

Ngun: T chc Y t Th gii (WHO)

Vi nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn nh trn, so snh vi quy chun thi QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT (ct A) th c quy c l nc thi sch. Do , c th tch ring bit ng ng thot nc ma v cho thi trc tip ra mi trng sau khi c bin php x l s b. Tuy nhin, trong mt bng nh my c mt s khu vc c kh nng b nhim bn cao nn lng nc ma chy trn trong thi gian u trn ma qua khu vc ny s c thu gom ring v a vo h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca Nh my, vi lng khong 230 m3. (4) Tc ng ca cc cht nhim t nc thi Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi c th hin trong bng sau: Bng 22: Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi
STT Thng s Tc ng - nh hng n cht lng nc, nng xy ho tan trong nc (DO) - nh hng n s a dng sinh hc - nh hng tc v dng phn hu cc hp cht hu c trong nc - Gim nng xy ho tan trong nc lm thay i thnh phn nc (pH gim, nc c mu en, mi hi,), tng kh nng ho tan v to phc bn vng ca cc ion kim loi nng vi thnh phn hu c, pht trin vi sinh vt ym kh cng vi nhng tc nhn gy dch bnh. - nh hng n ti nguyn thu sinh 3 4 Cht rn l lng Du m - To nn c, mu gy cn tr qu trnh quang hp thc vt thu sinh dn n gim lng oxy trong nc. Cc cht lng ng tch t gy bi lng dng chy. - Lm gim tnh cht ho l ca nc (thay i mu, mi, v), to thnh lp vng mng ngn cn qu trnh ho tan oxy vo trong nc. du lng ng gy nhim tng y vi thi gian tn lu kh di v trong iu kin xo trn nht nh xut hin tr li trn mt nc gy nhim th cp. - Gy nh hng nghim trng n cht lng nc, i sng thu sinh
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Nhit

Cc cht hu c

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v suy gim mnh m cht lng thu hi sn mi trng tip nhn. 5 - Gy hin tng ph dng nh hng ti cn bng sinh hc ca nc Cc cht dinh lm tng nng cc cht c tnh kh, tng tnh c ca ngun nc, dng (N, P) nh hng ti cht lng nc, s sng ca ng thc vt thu sinh. - Nc c ln vi khun gy bnh l mi trng thun li cho s xm nhp, pht trin v lan truyn dch bnh, l nguyn nhn xy ra cc dch bnh thng hn, ph thng hn, l, t, nhim giun sn, tiu chy, Cc vi khun vim rut, nhim trng da, nhim trng rng ming. gy bnh - Coliform l nhm vi khun gy bnh ng rut - E.coli (Escherichia Coli) l vi khun thuc nhm Coliform, c nhiu trong phn ngi.

(a). Gy c hi n sc kho con ngi Cc tc nhn nhim trong nc c th xm nhp trc tip vo c th con ngi thng qua s dng nc cho mc ch n ung, tm ra hoc gin tip qua vic tch t trong thc phm ng thc vt. Cc cht hu c tng hp khi a vo c th c kh nng tch t trong mu, cc t chc giu m (no, tu, thn, gan,) gy tn thng n h thn kinh, h bi tit, tun hon, tiu ho,dn n cc chng bnh thn kinh, mt tr nh, ri lon chc nng gan, thn, h thng to mu, vim ng tiu ho, Vic tip xc qua da c th dn n kch thch da, d ng, vim da, ri lon th gic,... Nhn chung cc cht nhim dng ny u gy t vong rt nhanh khi c th b nhim c vi liu lng cao. Cc cation kim loi nng nh Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg,... u c tc dng c hi i vi con ngi v gy t vong khi b nhim c cp tnh. V d nh: Cu gy tn thng ng tiu ho, thn, x gan; Pb tc dng ln h thng to mu lm gim hng cu gy bnh thiu mu, ri lon chc nng gan v bnh thn kinh, As gy ung th, ri lon tiu ho, vim dy thn kinh, ri lon thn kinh... Ngoi ra, s c mt ca mt s khong cht v c, hp cht hu c d phn hu sinh hc, vi sinh vt gy bnh,... cng c kh nng gy nhng tc hi bt li i vi sc kho con ngi nh cc bnh v rng ming, au mt, bnh ng rut, si thn... v d: Flo vi hm lng di 5 mg/l gy chy mu rng, hng men rng, gin rng, xng; hm lng NO3- cao gy thiu mu, da xanh ti tr em... (b). Gy bin ng, tc hi n h sinh thi i vi sinh vt thu sinh s nhim ngun nc vi nhng tc ng gy suy
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gim hm lng oxy ha tan, ph dng ho, tn lu cc cht c hi, tng hm lng mui khong, cht l lng, s lm thay i iu kin sng, gy nhim c v ri lon trao i cht trong c th sinh vt. Hu qu em li l mt cn bng sinh hc vi s dit vong, suy gim c th v s loi ca phn ln ng vt thu sinh, gy thit hi cho cc hot ng nui trng thu sn. ng vt trn cn sinh sng trong khu vc vng nc b nhim cng c kh nng b nhim c bi cc cht hu c bn vng, cc kim loi nng, vi sinh vt gy c,dn n chm pht trin, suy yu, xut hin cc bin d di truyn, gim kh nng sinh sn, t vong, mt dn mt s loi, nh hng bt li n cc hot ng chn nui gia sc, gia cm. Cc loi thc vt, c bit l nhm cy trng, cy lng thc, hoa mu c th chm pht trin, m l, IV.2.3.3. nhim do cht thi rn Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh Nh my i vo hot ng bao gm: (1) Cht thi rn sn xut i vi cc nguyn liu ri vi nh sn v bt sn nu khng c thu gom khi ma chy trn trn mt t s ko xung cc mng thot nc, phn hy thnh cc cht hu c gy nhim mi trng v mi hi thi. Tuy nhin, cc loi nguyn liu ri vi ny khng nhiu, c th thu gom phn loi v ti s dng. B sn sau ly tm c m 70%, nu khng c bin php x l, bo qun hp l s pht sinh mi hi thi gy nh hng n mi trng khng kh. i vi cc cht thi l tro v x than (vi lng thi khong 40 tn/ngy), bn cn sau XLNT (theo tnh ton ca nh bn quyn cng ngh, lng bn pht sinh ca Nh my khong 50 tn/ngy) s khng gy nhim mi trng v mt hu c nhng thi ba bi khng hp l s tri vo h thng thot nc lm tc nghn qu trnh thot nc b mt v lm mt m quan khu vc. Cc cht thi l bao b, gi lau thm du m v cn xng du d tha, cc loi bao b v can cha ho cht, u nm trong danh mc quy nh l cc cht thi nguy hi. Cc cht thi ny nu thi vo mi trng s kh b phn hu sinh hc, gy tch t trong t, ngun nc, lm mt m quan. V lu di, cc cht ny s b phn hy to ra cc hp cht v c, hu c c hi lm nhim mi trng t, ngun nc, nh hng n s sinh trng ca sinh vt trn cn v di nc. Loi cht thi nguy hi pht sinh ti Nh my vi khi lng khong 10 kg/ngy.
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(2) Cht thi rn sinh hot Ngun pht thi t cc hot ng nh sinh hot n ung, giy vn, vn phng phm h hng, thc phm, bc nilon, lon, chai l, ... Vi s lng 300 cn b cng nhn vin, tnh theo h s pht thi 0,3 0,5 kg/ngi/ngy th khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot ca Nh my khong 90 150kg/ngy. Cht thi rn loi ny cha nhiu cht hu c d phn hy, v vy nu khng c thu gom v x l s sinh ra mi hi thi lm nh hng n sc khe v lm mt m quan ca khu vc Nh my.

V. BIN PHP GIM THIU CC TC NG XU TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG V.1. Gim thiu nhim khng kh V.1.1. Gim thiu nhim kh thi l hi Gim thiu nhim kh thi l hi, Ch u t s dng bin php xy dng ng khi vi cao ph hp theo tnh ton sau: (1) C s tnh ton tnh ton pht tn cc cht nhim vo khng kh, s dng m hnh pht tn Gauss i vi l hi. Cc thng s c trng c tnh ton l bi, SO2 v NO2. Cc thng s u vo (Input) cho m hnh c tnh ton v trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 23: Cc s liu u vo tnh ton m hnh
Thng s Ti lng nhim (g/s) + Bi + SO2 + NO2 Lu lng kh thi (m3/s) ng knh ng khi (m) Nhit thi (0C) Tc gi (m/s) Hng gi - Hng Bc () iu kin kh quyn iu kin bin
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L hi 109,78 29,36 25,53 30,4 2 200 4,5 0 iu kin nng thn, loi C Phn x
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p sut kh quyn (mBar) Phng php tnh nng vt khi

1013 Holland

(2) Kt qu tnh ton pht tn Kh thi ca qu trnh sn xut Bio-Ethanol a dng ty thuc vo tng cng on sn xut, tuy nhin d n p dng cc phng php tn thu v x l trit cc loi kh thi cng ngh. Trong phn tnh ton s pht tn cht nhim ny ch tnh ton cc loi kh thi l hi ca Nh my. cao ca ng khi c tnh ton tng kh nng pht tn cht nhim sao cho nng cc i ti mt t t tiu chun cho php. Nng cht nhim cc i ti mt t tng ng vi cao ng khi 60m vi ng knh ng khi d = 2,0m c tnh ton bng m hnh khuch tn GAUSS - phn mm CAP 3.0 ca TSKH Bi T Long cho kt qu nh sau: Bng 24: Kt qu tnh ton cao ng khi v nng cc i ti mt t
Bi cao ng khi (m) 60 QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT Nng cc i (mg/m3) 0,767 0,3 Khong cch t nng cc i 300 m SO2 NO2 Khong Khong Nng Nng cch t cch t cc i cc i nng nng (mg/m3) (mg/m3) cc i cc i 0,238 300 m 0,176 300 m 0,35 0,2

Kt lun: T s liu tnh ton m hnh vi cao ng khi 60m, ng knh 2,0 m, n nh kh quyn loi A, c trnh by bng trn nhn thy gi tr tnh ton nng bi thi cao nht ti mt t l 0,767 mg/m 3 ti khong cch cch chn ng khi 270m v hng Nam vt qu quy chun quy nh; cc gi tr nng SO2, nng NO2 tha mn QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT. Vi iu kin a hnh d n c i ni nh bao quanh th cao ng khi l 60m s trnh c hin tng qun kh ti khu vc nh my v dn c xung quanh do vic hnh thnh cc bng kh ng gy hn ch s pht tn cht nhim khng kh. Trong qu trnh tnh ton, iu kin kh quyn c gi nh l n nh loi A ( bn vng cao nht, l iu kin bt li nht i vi s pht tn cht nhim trong khng kh) nn nng bi cao hn tiu chun cho php. Thc t, n nh kh quyn lun thay i theo thi gian, mt ngy c th c nhiu n nh khc
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nhau nn kh nng pht tn cht nhim s cao hn v nng cht nhim ti mt t s gim hn so vi gi tr tnh ton. khc phc cc tc ng n mi trng ca kh thi l hi trong iu kin bt li nht cho qu trnh khuch tn cht nhim ( bn vng loi A), nh my s u t h thng lc bi v x l kh thi. H thng x l kh thi l hi c hiu qu x l i vi bi l trn 90-95% v i vi SO2 l trn 80%. Kh thi t ng khi l hi sau khi thu hi nhit c thu gom qua h thng qut ht a vo h thng Xyclon, sau qua h thng lc bi tay o. S h thng x l kh thi c trnh by hnh 9, 10 v 11.

Than L t Biogas Kh thi Thu hi nhit Xyclon + Lc bi tay o ng khi

Hnh 9: S h thng x l bi t kh thi l hi

Hnh 10: Nguyn l cu to h thng lc bi l hi

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Tro x
H thng lm ngui Tro x lm ngui
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Hnh 11: Ton b h thng lc bi l hi

Bi pht sinh t kh thi l hi c thu hi qua h thng ng nhnh lp t ti cc thit b. Di tc dng ca qut ht ly tm vi cng sut ln, bi pht sinh ti cc thit b b ht vo ng nhnh ri qua h thng ng chnh vo h thng thu hi nhit lm ngui kh thi, sau qua h thng Xyclon. Xyclon c cu to tr v y hnh chp. Dng khng kh cha bi theo ng ng dn vo Xyclon theo hng tip tuyn vi thn hnh tr, ti y dng khng kh cha bi chuyn ng theo hnh xoy trn c, di tc dng ca lc ly tm bi c tch ra khi dng khng kh lng xung y v ri vo bung cha bi, khng kh sau c tch bi s chuyn ng ln trn v thot ra ti nh cyclone v theo ng dn vo thit b lc bi tay o. Thit b Xyclon thng x l bi c kch thc ln v hiu qu x l bi ca Xyclon t khong t 50 60%. x l trit lng bi pht sinh, sau thit b x l Xyclon, Nh my tin hnh lp t thit b lc bi tay o, x l rt c hiu qu, nht l nhng ht bi c kch thc nh. Sau khi qua Xyclon, dng khng kh cha bi x l cha trit theo ng dn vo thit b lc bi tay o. Khi vo thit b lc bi tay o, dng khng kh qua lp vi lc, bi s b gi li trn vi lc bm vo thnh tng lp cn khng kh sch s i qua lp vi lc. Trong lc bi tay o c cu to mng rung, khi bi bm bt ht cc l trn vi lc mng rung hot ng bi ri xung ngn thu gom di y thit b. Hiu qu x l bi bng lc bi tay o tu thuc vo cu to ca vi lc c th t 98% k c bi c kch thc t 5 - 10m. Nng bi sau khi x l cn khong 180mg/m3, t QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.

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Cui mi ngy hoc mi ca lm vic, lng bi trong bung ca h thng x l bi s c cng nhn v sinh ca Nh my thu gom v vn chuyn n ni cha bi qui nh. V.1.2. Gim thiu nhim kh t cng on ln men v chng ct (1) Lng kh CO2 tht thot Nh my trang b h thng thu hi lng CO2 pht thi v ha lng thnh phm a ra th trng. m bo hiu sut thu hi v hn ch tht thot th h thng ny s c nhp v lp rp hon chnh cng vi dy chuyn thit b. Lng CO2 sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men khng c thu hi khong 20% (tng ng 45tn/ngy) v mt bn cht khng gy hi n sc khe con ngi, tuy nhin vi ti lng ln s lm thiu oxy trong ni b khu vc sn xut. V mt v m CO2 l mt trong cc tc nhn gy hiu ng nh knh. Gii php gim thiu tc hi ca CO2 trc mt l lp t h thng qut ht thu gom v thi chung qua ng khi nh my. (2) Tht thot kh NH3 v cc kh khng ngng - NH3 l cht lm lnh c tnh baz mnh, phn ng mnh vi axit v cc cht oxy ha mnh, gp nc ta nhit v rt d chy, gy n khi hnh thnh hn hp vi khng kh. - Kh NH3 lm lnh phi c bo qun trong h thng khp kn nhm hn ch tht thot ra mi trng bn ngoi. Quan trc nh k s r r NH3 bng thit b chuyn dng 4 thng/ln, ngoi ra trong trng hp bt thng nh nhit ha lng CO 2 tng cn kim tra t xut v thng xuyn trnh tht thot kh ra bn ngoi. - Kh khng ngng ch yu l cc kh tr c hnh thnh l sn phm ph trong qu trnh ln men. Kh tr c hm lng v ti lng nh, c thu gom v thi b sau cng on chng ct vo ng khi chung ca nh my. V.1.3. Gim thiu cc cht gy mi Ti khu vc ln men, tc nhn gy mi ch yu l H2S. Tuy nhin, vi cng ngh sn xut hin i, qu trnh ln men din ra trong h thng kn, kh sinh ra s c thu gom v vn chuyn kn n thp ra kh trc khi a vo cng on ho lng CO2. Dng nc thi ra kh CO2 c cha cc cht kh, hp cht hu c s c thu gom v a n khu x l nc thi tp trung ca Nh my. Kh CH4, H2S v cc kh gy mi khc sau b k kh (SAR v UASB) s c
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dn vo h thng kn n thit b thu hi biogas cho l hi, v vy hon ton khng c s tht thot kh ra mi trng v gy nhim. Phng php thiu hu biogas gp phn lm gim mc nhim mi trong khu vc sn xut. hn ch qu trnh phn hy k kh pht sinh mi hi ti khu vc cc b h nh b iu tit 1, b DAF 1 v b hiu kh, Ch u t chn phng n sc kh lin tc vo cc b ny nhm to mi trng hiu kh cho vi sinh hot ng v phn hy cht hu c, hn ch cc kh gy mi. ng thi, cc b k kh c vn hnh tt s cho hiu qu x l cao, gim ng k hm lng cht nhim hu c trong dng dch hm a vo b x l hiu kh, t gim thiu ti a s pht sinh mi ti khu vc ny.

V.2. Bin php gim thiu nhim do nc thi V.2.1. H thng x l nc thi sinh hot Lng nc thi sinh hot khong 24m3/ngy c x l s b bng b t hoi trc khi a ra h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca Nh my. Nguyn tc hot ng ca b t hoi ch yu da vo cc qu trnh lng cn, ln men cn lng v qu trnh lc cn cn li sau khi ln men. Do tc nc chy qua b rt chm (thi gian lu li ca dng nc trong b t 1 n 3 ngy) nn qu trnh lng cn trong b c th xem nh qu trnh lng tnh: Di tc dng ca trng lc bn thn cc ht cn (ct, bn, phn) lng dn xung y b v cc cht hu c trong cn lng s b phn hy nh hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt ym kh. Do , cn s ln men, mt mi hi v gim th tch. Tc ln men nhanh hay chm ph thuc vo nhit , pH ca nc thi, lng vi sinh vt c trong lp cn... Nhit cng cao tc ln men cn cng nhanh. Cc ngn x l dng hng ln m bo s tip xc trc tip ca dng nc thi vi lp bn y b - ni cha qun th cc vi khun k kh. Kt qu ca qu trnh ln men cn l s x l c cn ti, cc cht hu c s b phn hu thnh cc cht n gin gm H2O, cc kh CO2, CH4,... m ca cn ti vo b v cn khi ln men tng ng l 95% v 90%. Ngn lc k kh cui b vi vt liu lc l than x cho php tch cn lng, trnh ra tri cc cht rn ra khi b, nng cao hiu qu x l.

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Kt cu b t hoi c thit k theo cc tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam. V.2.2. H thng x l nc thi tp trung Ton b nc thi sn xut v nc thi sinh hot s c thu gom v h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca Nh my. Tng lng nc thi pht sinh trong nh my trong 1 ngy cn x l l 4.968m3/ngy, trong : Bng 25: Lu lng cc dng nc thi ca Nh my
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loi nc thi Nc thi sn xut (dch hm) Nc x y l hi v thp gii nhit, nc thi t trm kh khong. Nc ra sn Nc ra kh CO2 t phn xng thu hi CO2 Nc thi sinh hot Nc ma chy trn qua khu vc nhim bn trong thi gian u trn ma (dng khng lin tc) Lu lng 2.506 m3/ngy 1.754 m3/ngy 22 m3/ngy 432 m3/ngy 24 m3/ngy 230m3/ngy

H thng x l nc thi tp trung c thit k vi cng sut ti a 4.968m3/ngy, kt hp bin php x l ho l v x l sinh hc loi b cc cht nhim trong nc thi. (1). Cng ngh x l x l trit nc thi ca Nh my, Cng ty CP Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh Min Trung s k hp ng vi cng ty YALIANTrung Quc c chuyn giao cng ngh x l nc thi v cng ngh ny c p dng thnh cng ti cc nh my sn xut cn t nguyn liu sn lt ti Trung Quc. Cng ngh x l nc thi c m t qua 4 giai on: X l bc 1 - Thit b trao i nhit (TN) - B iu tit 1 (iu chnh nhit , pH v lu lng nc thi) - Tuyn ni cp 1
-

B phn hu k kh thu hi Mtan.


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X l bc 2 - B iu tit 2
-

B x l hiu kh sc kh.

- B lng X l bc 3 - Tuyn ni cp 2 - Lc ct - Kh trng, lm sch nc thi X l bn Nn p v tch nc lm gim m ca bn bng my p bng ti. Cc thng s u vo ca h thng XLNT

Bng 26: Nng cc cht nhim ca nc dch hm cha x l


Thng s Nhit pH COD BOD5 SS n v
o

Gi tr 80 ,6 4 - 4,2 70.000 35.000 7.611

C -

mg/l mg/l mg/l

(2). S h thng x l nc thi ca Nh my


Hnh 12: S h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca Nh my

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Dch hm thi

Thit b trao i nhit 1

B iu tit 1

Thit b tch FRG


Cht keo t Thi kh

uc
Biogas Q>64.000Nm3

B tuyn ni DAF 1

Bn thi

Tch H2S, tch nc, b cha Biogas v h thng vn chuyn Biogas

B k kh SAR

Bn thi

Thit b TN 2

Bn tun hon

B m L hi
Biogas s dng lm nhin liu t l Q > 70.000Nm3/ngy Biogas Q>6.000Nm3

B k kh - UASB

Bn thi

Thit b TN 3

Nc thi sinh hot

B iu tit 2

Nc bn long

B sc kh Bn tun hon Nc thi trm kh khong Nc x y l hi Nc ra CO2 t phn xng thu hi CO2
Thi kh Bn thi

B lng
Cht keo t

B cha bn B cha v thi nn bn DAF 2

B tuyn ni DAF 2

`
Lc ct

My p bn bng ti

Kh trng

B bn dng lm phn bn DAF 2

Cht lng nc x thi


QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, Ct B (Kq = 0,9, Kf = 1)
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(3). Thuyt minh cng ngh x l Lm ngui dng dch hm Dch hm thi t qu trnh sn xut chnh c nhit 80-90 0C sau khi c tch cn rn bng thit b ly tm, s c dn qua thit b lm mt dng tm h nhit xung 650C trc khi dn vo b iu tit. B iu tit 1 Ti b iu tit, nc thi c n nh v iu ha lu lng trc khi i vo cng on x l tip theo. Di y b c lp t cc my thi kh cung cp xy nhm hn ch qu trnh phn hu k kh cc cht hu c trong nc thi lm pht sinh mi hi. Thit b tch SS (fine rotary grill) y l thit b kiu lng quay vi khe li rt nh khong cch ch 0,1 0,2mm, lng quay chy vi tc cao ly tm (c th iu chnh tc ). Nc s chy qua khe li, SS gi li trong lng v c a ra ngoi, thit b ny c s dng nhiu cho x l nc thi nh my sn xut Ethanol t sn, hiu qu rt cao, SS c th tch c t 70%-90% thng qua iu chnh tc quay. B tuyn ni DAF 1 (dissolved air flotation) Nc thi t b iu tit c bm qua b DAF 1. Tuyn ni DAF 1 l phng php tuyn ni kh ho tan c s dng rng ri loi b cc cn rn v cht gy mu trong nc thi vi hiu qu cao. Khng kh c thi vo b vi p sut cao to ra bt kh, bt kh ko theo cc ht l lng ni ln trn mt nc. Cc cht keo t c thm vo tng hiu qu x l, di tc dng ca cht keo t, cc ht rn c kch thc nh s kt dnh vi nhau v theo cc bt kh ni ln b mt to thnh lp vng bt kch thc ln hn v b loi b bng cc thit b gt bt. Bn cnh x l SS v loi b mt phn COD, phng php tuyn ni DAF cng c p dng loi b mu trong nc thi cng nghip cn ru vi hiu sut cao ti 50% - 80%. Cc cht gy mu b hp th bi cc ion hydroxit trong cht keo t v ni ln b mt nc v c a i x l cng vi bn thi. Hiu qu x l ca phng php tuyn ni ph thuc vo kch thc, s lng cc bt kh v kch thc ca ht cht nhim trong nc thi. Kch thc ca cc bt kh khong 15-30m v kch thc ca cc ht cht nhim 0,2-1,5 m.

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Hnh 13: B tuyn ni DAF

B phn hu k kh cp 1 (SAR) Cng ngh x l k kh SAR c p dng thnh cng cho x l nc thi ca cc nh my cn cng nghip s dng sn lt kh lm nguyn liu. Cng ngh ny c th nghim thnh cng cho hn 10 d n v l cng ngh bn quyn ca Yalian. Sau khi qua b tuyn ni DAF 1, nc thi c loi b mt phn COD, SS s c bm vo b k kh SAR. y l cng ngh mi v tin tin ca Yalian, cc vi sinh trong b c kh nng iu chnh pH ca nc thi t 3,5 n 7,0 m khng cn phi iu chnh pH trc khi a vo x l k kh, do gim c lng ho cht s dng. Hiu sut x l COD, BOD ca b SAR t 90-92%. B SAR c thit k c dng tun hon nhm tng kh nng tip xc gia vi sinh v cc cht hu c trong nc thi, lm cho qu trnh phn hu ca vi sinh din ra mnh m hn, ng thi cng ngh SAR c kh nng x l cc cht rn trong nc thi, chuyn ho thnh kh CH4, CO2, nng cao hiu sut sinh Biogas. Qu trnh phn hu trong b SAR din ra theo 03 giai on:
Hnh 14: B SAR

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+ Giai on thu phn: Vi sinh vt tit enzyme chuyn i cc hp cht cao phn t nh protein, gluxit, lipitthnh cc cht hu c phn t lng nh nh ng n, axit amin + Giai on axit ho: Cc sn phm thy phn s c vi sinh s dng trong iu kin ym kh, sn phm phn gii l cc axit hu c phn t lng nh nh axit propionic, axit lactic, aldehytSau cc axit hu c ny tip tc b phn gii bi cc vi khun to axit v chuyn ho thnh cc axit axetic, CO2, H2. + Giai on mtan ho: Cc vi khun to mtan chuyn i cc sn phm trung gian ca giai on 2 (ch yu l axit axetic, CO2, H2) thnh CH4 v CO2. Kt qu ca qu trnh phn hy ny to ra cc axt bo d bay hi, nc, kh mtan v cc kh khc. Hn hp kh bay ln c tc dng xo trn dng nc thi lm tng kh nng tip xc gia vi khun v c cht, do khng cn phi khuy trn trong b. Cc kh ny thot ra v ko theo cc ht bn bay ln, do pha trn b s lp t cc chp thu kh, ti y din ra qu trnh phn tch 3 pha. Khi chm vo thnh chp kh th ht bn s tch ra v ri tr li b, kh s c thu vo ng ng dn thu hi biogas dng lm nhin liu cho l hi. Nc thi sau x l k kh s c chuyn sang cng on x l tip theo. X l k kh cp 2 (UASB) UASB c s dng ph bin x l nc thi c hm lng cht nhim hu c cao, hiu sut x l COD, BOD ca b ny l 82-84%. Nc thi sau khi qua b SAR c nhit 650C c dn qua thit b trao i nhit dng tm h nhit xung 450C thch hp cho hot ng ca vi sinh trong b UASB. Nc thi c bm vo b UASB t di y sau chy ngc ln qua lp bn k kh vi vn tc trung bnh t 0,6-0,9m/h. Dng nc thi chy t di ln qua lp bn k kh, lp ny gm cc ht bn c to thnh bi sinh khi ca cc vi khun bm vo nhau. Khi nc thi i qua lp bn k kh, cc cht hu c trong dng nc thi s b phn hy nh enzyme c tit ra t chnh t bo vi sinh vt trong b x l. Qu trnh phn hu din ra theo 03 giai on nh trong b SAR. Sau khi qua b UASB, nc thi c a vo b lng loi b SS, mt phn bn vi sinh s hi lu v b UASB b sung vi sinh cho b. B iu tit 2 Trc khi vo b iu tit, nc thi c nhit 45 0C c dn qua thit b trao i nhit dng tm h nhit xung 350C to iu kin thun li cho vi sinh
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hiu kh hot ng. Sau nc thi c dn vo b iu tit, trong b c lp t h thng sc kh, cung cp oxy nhm hn ch qu trnh phn hu k kh pht sinh mi hi. Ngoi ra, ti y c s ho trn vi dng nc thi sinh hot trc khi i vo b x l hiu kh.
B x l hiu kh sc kh

Sau khi qua x l k kh 2 cp, hm lng COD trong nc thi cn kh thp (914 mg/l), do cng on x l hiu kh tip theo s n gin v c chi ph vn hnh thp. Nh my s dng cng ngh x l hiu kh sc kh, cng ngh ny c hiu sut x l loi COD cao, t 90%. Vi sinh vt hiu kh s s dng oxy ho tan trong nc thi v chuyn ho hu ht cc hp cht c kh nng x l sinh hc thnh sinh khi vi sinh vt, CO2 v H2O. Nc thi vo b c tc dng xo trn gia tng s tip xc gia vi sinh v c cht, lng kh sc vo b thp to mi trng thiu kh thun li cho vi sinh phn hu cc hp cht nit, photpho ng thi ngn cn s pht trin ca vi khun dng si lm nh hng n kh nng lng ca bn. Dng ra ca b hiu kh chy trn sang b lng th cp, ti y s c s ho trn vi cc dng nc thi khc: Nc x y l hi, nc ra kh CO 2 t phn xng thu hi CO2 v nc ma chy trn b nhim bn, nc t trm kh khong. Cc dng thi ny ch yu cha cc cn rn SS, TDS, thnh phn nhim hu c khng ng k, do c a vo b lng tch cc cn rn ra khi hn hp lngrn. Phn bn cn s a v h thng x l bn, phn nc tip tc a qua giai on x l bc 3 lm sch nc thi t yu cu x thi. B tuyn ni DAF 2 Phn nc sau b lng c dn qua b tuyn ni DAF 2 nhm loi b hm lng SS trong nc thi t gii hn cho php. Nguyn l hot ng ca b DAF 2 ging nh b DAF 1. B lc ct p dng cng ngh lc ct nhanh, c kh nng loi b c SS v mt phn COD. Trong b lc ct c h thng lm sch t ng, sau mt thi gian s dng, b mt lp ct s b bt li bi cc cn rn v s c ra ngc, ng thi lp ct trong b cng c thay th nh k khi phc li hiu qu x l ca b. B lc ct c thit k c bit vi ng ng by-pass t b DAF 2 qua thng b kh trng: Nu hm lng SS trong dng nc thi sau b DAF 2 vt gii hn
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cho php th s dn tip qua b lc ct x l tip, cn nu hm lng SS t gii hn cho php th s c dn thng qua b kh trng. Kh trng lm sch nc thi Nc thi sau khi qua cc bc x l pha trn, c hm lng cc cht nhim COD, BOD, SS t tiu chun x thi. Tuy nhin, c tnh ca nc thi sinh hot c nhiu vi khun gy bnh do cn phi c kh trng bng NaOCl vi liu lng 5-10 mg/l t ch tiu vi sinh trc khi x thi ra mi trng. Ngoi ra, Cng ty s tnh ton v thit k mt h cha c dung tch hp l, ti h ny s tin hnh nui c l sinh vt ch th c tc dng kim chng cht lng nc thi sau khi qua h thng x l. Nc thi sau khi x l t QCVN 24/2009 ct B vi cc h s kq=0,9, kf=1, s c dn qua h ny trc khi vo h thng thot nc ca Khu kinh t Dung Qut. X l bn thi Bn cn t h thng x l nc thi l hn hp ca nc v cn lng c cha nhiu cht hu c c kh nng phn hu, d b thi ra v c cc vi khun c th gy hi cho mi trng v th cn c bin php x l trc khi thi b. Mc ch ca qu trnh x l bn cn l gim khi lng bn cn bng cch gn i phn nc c trong hn hp. Bn sinh ra trong qu trnh x l nc thi ca Nh my ti nhiu v tr khc nhau nh: b iu tit, b tuyn ni, b SAR, b UASB, b hiu kh v cc b lng. Lng bn cn sinh ra c thu gom v b cha bn ca ton h thng. Sau c bm n my p bn bng ti tch nc trong bn. Bn sau khi p s c em n khu vc cha bn v cung cp cho cc nh my sn xut phn vi sinh. Nc tch t b cha bn v t qu trnh p bn c dn v b iu tit 2.
Ho cht keo t Cn bn t h thng x l nc thi

B cha bn B cha bn

My p bn bng ti

Bn kh a ra bi thi

Nc bm li b iu tit 2

Hnh 15: S h thng x l bn cn

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(4). Mt s hng mc v thit b chnh ca h thng x l nc thi Bng 27: Danh mc cc hng mc, thit b
TT Cc hng mc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 B iu tit 1 B SAR B n nh UASB B k kh UASB B iu tit 2 B hiu kh B lng B lc ct B DAF B nn bn Nh iu khin Nh th nghim Kch thc: 20m * 14,5m * 4,5m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Kch thc: D 28m * 14,8m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Kch thc: D 10,2m * 8m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Kch thc: D 6,5m * 12m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Kch thc: 7m * 12m * 4,5m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Kch thc: 24,4m * 20m * 4,5m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Kch thc: D 14m * 4,5m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Kch thc: 12,7m * 4,4m * 4m Vt liu: b tng chu lc Q = 140 m3/h Kch thc: 16m * 10m * 4,5m Vt liu: b tng chu lc S = 66 m2 S = 66 m2 01 03 01 01 01 02 02 01 02 01 01 01 Tn thit b c tnh k thut S lng

Cc thit b 13 14 Bm nc thi vo b SAR Bm nc thi vo b UASB Q=300 m3/h, H=25m, P=16 bar Thp khng r Q=250 m3/h, H=16m, P=16 bar Thp khng r 03 02

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15 16 17 18 19 20

Bm bn Bm tun hon b SAR v UASB Bm bn tun hon Bm ra ngc cho b lc ct My sc kh Bm liu lng

Q=300 m3/h, H=10m, P=16 bar Thp khng r Q=300 m3/h, H=10m, P=16 bar Thp khng r Q=250 m3/h, H=16m, P=16 bar Thp khng r Q=120 m3/h, H=10m, P=16 bar Thp khng r Q = 50 m3/pht PAC: Q=520l/h, P=4 bar NaOCl: 155l/h, P=6 bar

02 06 02 03 03 05

(5). H thng iu khin - Nhm m bo cho qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l t hiu qu v n nh, cc thit b trong phn xng x l nc thi c kim sot thng qua h thng iu khin t ng. Cc thng s gim st s c truyn v v hin th ti h thng DCS ca Nh my. H thng s t ng thu nhn tn hiu, x l, hin th, kim sot cc thit b. - Cc d liu, thng s o, trng thi hot ng ca h thng x l nc thi c hin th trn mn hnh my tnh di dng th, bng biu. ng thi cnh bo v bo v h thng khi gp s c. D liu s c lu tr, thng k cho vic qun l vn hnh. - Ngoi ra, p ng yu cu ca d n CDM, Cng ty u t cc thit b phn tch online gim st mt s thng s quan trng nh: lu lng dng thi v dng kh metan sinh ra, nhit ,...Cc thng s gim st s c truyn v v hin th ti h thng DCS ca Nh my. V.3. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn V.3.1. X l b sn B sn thu c sau h thng lc ly tm cao tc s c a qua h thng sy dng thng quay, lm bc hi nc thu c b sn kh vi lng 76 tn/ngy, m 10-14% nh k bn cho cc c s ch bin thc n gia sc hoc ch bin phn vi sinh.

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Hnh 16: H thng sy sn phm b hm kh

V.3.2. Cht thi rn khc Cht thi tro, bi, x than t qu trnh vn hnh l hi s hp ng cung cp cho cc Nh my sn xut gch Tuynel trn vi xi mng sn xut gch khng nung bn ra th trng lm va h, ng nng thn (mt s thnh ph Trung Quc dng lm gch lt ng cc khu ph c). Ngoi ra, x than v cc sn phm ph ny khi cung cp cho cc nh my sn xut gch cn tha s c Cng ty h tr v cung cp gi r cho cc n v, t chc s dng trong xy dng. Bn thi t h thng x l nc thi tp trung s nh k cung cp cho cc nh my sn xut phn bn vi sinh v phn NPK. Trong trng hp khng bn c, Cng ty s hp ng vi Cng ty C phn c - in - mi trng Lilama thu gom v x l. Lng tp cht (t, , ct,...) c loi ra t qu trnh lm sch nguyn liu c thu gom v a i x l cng vi rc thi sinh hot. Cht thi nguy hi nh nh gi ti Chng 3, vi khi lng khong 10 kg/ngy c qun l, lu tr trong nh kho c mi che. Nh my s lp th tc ng k s ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi ti S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Qung Ngi, bc tip theo s tin hnh k hp ng chuyn giao cht thi nguy hi cho n v hnh ngh vn chuyn, x l v tiu hu cht thi nguy hi c cp php (giy php hnh ngh do S Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc Tng cc Mi trng cp), m bo y cc thng tin qui nh ti khon 5, iu 73 ca Lut Bo v mi trng 2005: Hp ng chuyn giao trch nhim x l cht thi nguy hi phi ghi r xut x, thnh phn, chng loi, cng ngh x l, bin php chn lp cht thi cn li sau x l.
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Sau khi c cp S ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi, Nh my c trch nhim thc hin chng t cht thi nguy hi theo qui nh cho mi ln chuyn giao thc t cht thi nguy hi, thc hin bo co nh k mt nm 02 ln vo thng 6 v thng 12 hng nm gi v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Qung Ngi. i vi cht thi rn sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin s c thu gom vo cc thng rc t hp l ti cc v tr trong khu vc Nh my. Ch d n s k hp ng vi Cng ty C phn c - in - mi trng Lilama thu gom v a i x l ti khu x l rc thi Bnh Nguyn. V.4. Gii php v sinh v an ton lao ng V.4.1. V sinh lao ng v v sinh thc phm Trong qu trnh sn xut vi ngun nguyn liu giu tinh bt nu v sinh khng sch, s gy nh hng ti sn xut v mi trng xung quanh. Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh ln men cn, iu kin v sinh thit b, nh xng khng m bo s gy nhim men tp lm c ch qu trnh ln men cn dn n sn phm b h hng. Do , cng tc m bo v sinh cng khng th xem nh. V sinh thit b s c quy nh theo tng m sn xut. Tc l vic v sinh thc hin thng xuyn sau mi m v c ty trng. V sinh khu vc nh xng: Quy nh sau mi ca phi lm v sinh sch s, v c theo di bng s giao ca hng ngy. S giao ca c ghi y mi vic lin quan n sn xut k c cng tc lm v sinh. Nh my s t mt phng y t gn khu vc sn xut s cp cu khi cn thit v theo di sc kho cho cn b cng nhn vin. Ngoi ra, Nh my s t chc khm sc kho cho ngi lao ng nh k 1 ln/nm. V.4.2. An ton lao ng (1). An ton vn hnh h thng x l nc thi m bo an ton cho vn hnh h thng x l nc thi, cc vn sau s c xem xt trong qu trnh thit k: - Nh my bm c th tch t cc kh d chy, dn n vic thiu Oxi trong khng kh, do nn cn c thng gi y . - My nn cn trang b thm van cch ly ti ca ht kh v x kh cch ly cc b phn. H thng ng ng v thit b cn c kim tra mt cch thng xuyn pht hin cc li r r.
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- Mtan l cht kh d chy n khi tip xc vi khng kh, do cn gi p sut dng trong tt c ng ng dn kh ngn chn s xm nhp ca khng kh vo ng ng. - Nghim cm vic ht thuc, lp t cc thit b in hoc thit b nh la khng c v bo v chng chy n trong khu vc ny. Cc ng c in phc v cho h thng bm kh phi l dng chng chy n. Tt c cc thit b iu khin bng in cn phi c v bo v. - Cc cng nhn vn hnh phi c o to k cng v cc thit b trong h thng v tun th trit cc quy tc vn hnh an ton. - Trang b dng c bo h lao ng cho cng nhn: Gng tay cao su, mt n bo v, nc ra mt... bo v cng nhn trnh cc tai nn chy n v cc tc hi khi tip xc trc tip vi ha cht. (2) An ton cho thit b ton Nh my Thit b Nh my gm nhiu h thng cng ngh, tu theo tnh nng kt cu v cng dng m Nh my s thc hin an ton lao ng theo tng cng on, m bo ng quy nh ca nh nc. Khi lp t l hi phc v cho cng ngh sn xut v y tua bin pht in Nh my s mi c quan gim nh, kim tra cp chng ch v an ton p lc l hi. Xy dng ni quy vn hnh l hi, ni quy phng chy cha chy cho ton Nh my v nhng ngi lm cng tc vn hnh phi thng tho v bt buc chp hnh cc ni quy ny. i vi ng khi ca l hi cao phi lp t h thng chng st trn ng khi ca l hi, m bo an ton chng st. i vi thit b s dng in, trm pht in v ngun in khi lp t trang b y h thng bo v, dy tip t, v kim tra an ton trc khi cho vn hnh. Xy dng ni quy s dng an ton h thng in ca Nh my theo quy nh. i vi ton b h thng my mc trong Nh my cn xy dng ni quy s dng cho tng thit b c th m o an ton khi vn hnh. V.5. Cc bin php ng ph s c chy n Qu trnh sn xut ca Nh my v c tnh sn phm l d chy n rt nguy him cho con ngi, ti sn v mi trng xung quanh. Do , Ch u t xy dng cc gii php ngn nga v ng cu s c chy n nghim ngt, trnh xy ra chy
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n hoc khi c s c s gim thiu c tn tht n mc thp nht, cc gii php bao gm nh sau: - Do c tnh ca sn phm, ti cc phn xng c nguy c chy cao nh phn xng chng ct, phn xng tch nc, kho cha sn phm phi thc hin nghim ngt cc yu cu phng chng chy n. - Bio-Ethanol nhin liu phi c cha trong nhng thit b kn lm bng thp khng r. - Cc van v np ca thit b cha Bio-Ethanol nhin liu phi c ng kn lc vn chuyn v bo qun. - Bio-Ethanol khng c cha y trong cc thit b cha, thng ch chim 80% th tch ca thit b cha. - Trong lc vn chuyn Bio-Ethanol nhin liu phi c h thng trit tiu in sinh ra do s ma st gia thnh thit b v Bio-Ethanol. - Mi trng bo qun c nhit khng ln hn 45oC. - C h thng lm mt bn ngoi cho mi bn cha cn duy tr nhit ca Bio-Ethanol trong cc bn cha nh hn nhit chp chy. - Nhn vin c qun l bng nhng ni quy ring khi vo vn hnh thit b sn xut. Yu cu trang b PCCC gm c: - H thng bo chy v n hiu ring cho tng khu vc sn xut. - Trang b thit b o v bo ng khi nng cn khu chng ct, tch nc v kho cha Bio-Ethanol cao hn quy nh. - Cc ng ng k thut phi sn mu ng quy nh - Xy dng b nc cu ha, cc hng ly nc cu ha b tr u khp phm vi Nh my - Trang b v t cc thit b cha chy nh bnh CO 2, bnh ct, xng xc ct nhng ni d xy ra chy. - Thit k v lp t h thng ng ng nc cha chy, bm nc cha chy chy bng du Diezen - Thnh lp i phng chy cha chy ca nh my.
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- Thc hin nghim ngt qui nh k thut, an ton trong qu trnh nhp xut nhin liu. - Cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn liu lng nh xe bn phi c t cch php nhn, cng nh p ng tiu chun an ton, k thut khi vn chuyn trn ng giao thng. VI. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG VI.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng vic qun l mi trng thc hin c hiu qu v kp thi, k hoch qun l mi trng phi m bo cc yu t sau: - Tun th thc hin cc tiu chun cng nghip v cc hng dn cho vic thit k v iu hnh d n; - Tun th cc lut l ca Chnh ph v cc yu cu lut nh; - Lp k hoch ng cu khn cp v cc iu l an ton cho qu trnh thc hin D n. - Kim tra v bo co thng xuyn vic thc hin k hoch qun l mi trng. VI.1.1. Cc vn mi trng Ch u t s thit lp cc quy trnh, nhm xc nh cc vn mi trng trong cc giai on ca d n v cc nh hng ca cc hot ng , tm ra nhng yu t tc ng nghim trng i vi mi trng. Trong qu trnh thc hin d n vn mi trng pht sinh c tc ng qua li vi mi trng xung quanh s c quan tm xem xt v thit lp ra nhng phng hng v mc tiu bo v mi trng. D n c chia thnh hai giai on chnh sau: - Giai on xy dng v lp t thit b; - Giai on hot ng. VI.1.2. Cc yu cu lut php v cc yu cu khc Ch u t bo m rng cc lut l, lut php v quy nh v mi trng ca Vit Nam c gii thiu ca bo co ny s c thc hin nghim ngt trong sut qu trnh thc hin d n. Bt k thay i, cp nht no v lut php, quy ch u s c xem xt a vo p dng cho ph hp.
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Thc hin d n s tun th cc tiu chun/quy chun ca Vit Nam trong vic thit k, xy dng, lp t v vn hnh d n xy dng Nh my sn xut Bio -Ethanol v thc hin theo tiu chun quc t, cc hng dn v cc quy nh v mi trng ph hp. VI.1.3. Cc phng hng v mc tiu Ch u t s thit lp cc phng hng v mc tiu bo v mi trng cho mi cp v chc nng tng ng trong cng tc qun l. Cc mc tiu v phng hng v mi trng ca d n c xc nh trong nhng yu cu c th: - Nghim chnh thc hin cc cam kt bo v mi trng ca d n. - Qun l mi trng trong tt c cc giai on thc hin d n, nhm duy tr nhng thng s k thut tho mn nhng yu cu lut php lin quan n mi trng, an ton v sc khe cng nh cc yu cu v ti chnh, sn xut v thng mi c th cho d n. - m bo nhng tc ng mi trng c mc bng hoc thp hn gii hn cho php ca cc tiu chun/quy chun mi trng Vit Nam, nh trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng chi tit; - Ngn nga mi nhim v to iu kin hon thin mt cch lin tc qun l mi trng trong tt c cc giai on ca d n; - La chn gii php ti u v cng ngh nhm t c hiu qu cao nht v mt mi trng cng nh v mt kinh t. - Tuyn truyn, gio dc, nng cao thc bo v mi trng cho cn b cng nhn vin trong Nh my; - Thc hin ch bo co v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng; - Chp hnh ch kim tra, thanh tra bo v mi trng. VI.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng Theo di din bin cht lng mi trng v kim sot nhim mi trng ca khu vc d n, Ch u t s thu n v c nng lc thc hin quan trc hng nm theo qui nh v bo co kt qu cho c quan qun l mi trng a phng (S Ti nguyn & Mi trng tnh Qung Ngi) lm c s theo di v qun l. bo m d n c thc thi, ng thi c c s xut cc chng trnh phng chng nhim, khng ch cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng xung quanh,
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chng trnh gim st mi trng bao gm: Giai on xy dng v giai on sn xut c s lc nh sau: Bng 28: Chng trnh gim st mi trng d kin cho Nh my
Giai on Xy dng Sn xut Tn sut gim st 1 ln/nm 4 ln/nm V tr gim st Thnh phn gim st

Khu vc thc hin d - Cht lng khng kh, n nc. Khu vc Nh my v - Cht lng khng kh, xung quanh nc thi v cht thi rn.

VI.2.1. Gim st cht lng khng kh v ting n (1). Giai on xy dng - V tr gim st: 03 v tr (01 im bn trong d n, 01 im bn ngoi hng ro d n cch 50m v pha Ty - u hng gi v 01 im bn ngoi hng ro d n cch 50m v pha ng Nam - cui hng gi). - Thng s gim st: Ting n, nhit , m, tc gi, bi l lng, SO 2, NO2, CO, H2S, NH3. - Tn sut gim st: 1 ln/nm - Tiu chun so snh: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; TCVN 5949:1998. (2). Giai on sn xut - V tr gim st kh thi: 04 v tr + Khu vc l hi: 01 v tr + Khu vc sn xut: 02 v tr (01 im khu sn xut chnh, 01 im phn xng thu hi CO2) + Khu vc x l nc thi tp trung: 01 v tr - V tr gim st cht lng khng kh xung quanh: 03 v tr + Khu vc vn phng: 01 v tr + Bn ngoi Nh my: 02 v tr (01 im cch hng ro 50m u hng gi, 01 im cch hng ro 100m cui hng gi). - Thng s gim st: Ting n, bi, SO2, NO2, CO, CO2, THC, H2S, NH3, CH4 hi cn C2H5OH.
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Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol

- Tn sut gim st: 2 ln/nm i vi khng kh xung quanh; 4 ln/nm i vi kh thi. - Tiu chun so snh: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 20:2009/BTNMT; TCVN 5949:1998; TCVN 3985:1999. VI.2.2. Gim cht cht lng nc (1). Giai on xy dng Nc ngm: 02 v tr (nc ging ca cc h dn xung quanh khu vc d n) - Thng s gim st: pH, cng, TSS, NO3-, NO2-, Coliform. - Tn sut gim st: 1 ln/nm - Quy chun so snh: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT. (2). Giai on sn xut - V tr gim st: 06 v tr (02 im nc thi sn xut trc v sau h thng x l nc thi tp trung, 01 im ti mng thot nc chung ca Nh my, 02im nc ngm xung quanh khu vc Nh my). - Thng s gim st: + Nc thi sn xut: nhit , pH, c, mu, mi, DO, TSS, BOD 5, COD, Nit tng, Phtpho tng, NO3-, Coliform, NH4-. Trong Cng ty trang b cc thit b o t ng cc thng s: pH, nhit , c, mu, DO, COD, NH4-. + Nc ngm: pH, cng, TSS, NO3-, NO2-, Coliform; As, Hg, Pb, Fe. - Tn sut gim st: 2 ln/nm i vi nc ngm; 4 ln/nm i vi nc thi. - Quy chun so snh: QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT. VI.2.3. Gim st cht thi rn Khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot, sn xut s c thng k hng ngy. nh k tng hp kt qu v bo co cho c quan qun l mi trng a phng trong giai on sn xut vi tn sut 4 ln/nm. Cc s liu trn s c x l, nh gi v ghi nhn kt qu thng xuyn. Nu pht hin thy c s dao ng ln hoc gia tng v mt nng cc ch tiu nhim,

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hoc xy ra s c, Cng ty CP Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung s c xut v bo co ngay cho cc cp c thm quyn c bin php x l thch hp, kp thi. (S v tr gim st nh km phn ph lc) VI.3. Kinh ph thc hin cc cng trnh x l mi trng v gim st mi trng - Kinh ph thc hin cc cng trnh phng chng nhim v x l mi trng: Bng 29: Kinh ph d kin cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cng trnh Khu v sinh cng nghip H thng thot nc H thng PCCC Cy xanh H thng thit b x l bi ng khi H thng x l nc thi Tng cng Kinh ph (1000 ng) 1.049.760 3.876.655 3.386.500 800.000 2.500.000 2.000.000 100.000.000 113.612.915

- Kinh ph gim st mi trng : Ch u t s k kt hp ng vi cc n v c chc nng quan trc, ly mu v phn tch thng s cc thnh phn mi trng hng nm cho cng vic gim st cht lng mi trng.

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KT LUN V KIN NGH 1. Kt lun Vic u t xy dng Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol ca Cng ty C phn Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung s mang li nhiu hiu qu kinh t x hi thit thc cho a phng ni ring v vng nguyn liu ni chung, kch thch qu trnh pht trin c s h tng, to ngun thu ngn sch, ng thi gin tip thc y s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip nhin liu sch trong trng lai, gp phn bo v mi trng sinh thi, ph hp vi ch trng hi nhp kinh t quc t ca Vit Nam trong thi k mi. Tuy nhin do iu kin khch quan Nh my c s iu chnh cng ngh x l nc thi c s ng nht gia cc Nh my sn xut Nhin liu sinh hc ca Tp on Du kh. V vy ch u t thc hin vic lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng b sung trong tp trung d bo, nh gi nhng tc ng b thay i do d n nh cng ngh x l nc thi sn xut, kh thi, cht thi rn,... pht sinh trong qu trnh vn hnh d n v a ra cc bin php gim thiu ph hp. ng thi ch u t cng cam kt thc hin y cc tiu chun, quy chun Vit Nam v mi trng. 2. Kin ngh D n u t xy dng cng trnh Nh my sn xut Bio-Ethanol c hiu qu kinh t cao. V vy, d n hon thnh ng tin , Cng ty CP Nhin liu sinh hc Du kh min Trung kin ngh cc c quan chc nng quan tm xem xt, thm nh v sm ph duyt Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng b sung (do iu chnh cng ngh XLNT) ca D n.

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PH LC

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