PHNG PHP TNH TON CH S

CHT LNG NC (WQI)

P DNG CHO CC LU VC SNG
VIT NAM
TNG CC MI TRNG
TRUNG TM QUAN TRC MI TRNG
H Ni, 6.2011
Ni dung trnh by
1. Khi nim
2. Kinh nghim xy dng, p dng WQI trn th gii
v Vit Nam
3. Phng php tnh WQI do Tng cc Mi trng
ban hnh
4. Tnh ton v p dng th nghim WQI
Khi nim v WQI
Ch s cht lng nc (vit tt l WQI) l mt ch
s c tnh ton t cc thng s quan trc cht
lng nc, dng m t nh lng v cht
lng nc v kh nng s dng ca ngun nc
; c biu din qua mt thang im.
C s xy dng phng php tnh WQI
Cc nghin cu, p dng AQI trn th gii v Vit Nam
Trn th gii: Hoa K, Canada, Chu u, Malaysia, n
Vit Nam: Cc nghin cu ca PGS TS L Trnh, TS Tn
Tht Lng, TS Phm Th Minh Hnh
Cc quy chun quc gia v cht lng nc hin hnh
QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Quy chun quc gia v cht lng
nc mt lc a
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Quy chun quc gia v nc thi
sinh hot
TCVN 5945:2005 Nc thi cng nghip, tiu chun thi
Kinh nghim v WQI trn th gii v Vit Nam
Hoa K: WQI c xy dng cho mi bang, a s cc bang tip cn theo phng
php ca Qu V sinh Quc gia M (National Sanitation Foundation-NSF) sau
y gi tt l WQI-NSF
Canada: Phng php do C quan Bo v mi trng Canada (The Canadian
Council of Ministers of the Environment- CCME, 2001) xy dng
Chu u: Cc quc gia chu u ch yu c xy dng pht trin t WQI
NSF (ca Hoa K), tuy nhin mi Quc gia a phng la chn cc thng s v
phng php tnh ch s ph ring
Cc quc gia Malaysia, n pht trin t WQI NSF, nhng mi quc gia c
th xy dng nhiu loi WQI cho tng mc ch s dng
Vit Nam:
WQI cha c trin khai chnh thc.
Nghin cu ca PGS TS L Trnh, TS Tn Tht Lng, TS Phm Th Minh Hnh, cch tip cn
ci tin t WQI NSF.
Phng php WQI a ra bi y ban sng M Kng: tnh ton tng hp
Kinh nghim v WQI
Thng thng mt ch s mi trng c xy dng
qua qua cc bc sau:
Bc 1: La chn thng s
Bc 2: Chuyn cc thng s v cng mt thang o (tnh
ton ch s ph)
Bc 3: Xc nh trng s
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng
Kinh nghim v WQI
Cc bc xy dng ch s mi trng nc
Bc 1: La chn thng s
C rt nhiu thng s th hin cht lng nc, ch s cht lng nc
khng th bao gm tt c cc thng s . (qu nhiu thng s cng khng
tt)
Vic la chn thng s ph thuc vo mc ch xy dng ch s WQI. Tuy
nhin cc thng s c la chn nn thuc vo tt c cc nhm c trng.
Hm lng Oxy
Ph dng
Cc kha cnh v sc khe
c tnh vt l
Cht rn l lng.
Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI
Cc bc xy dng ch s mi trng
Bc 1: La chn thng s
Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI
Cc bc xy dng ch s mi trng
Bc 1: La chn thng s
Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI
Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph
Mi thng s c mt thang o ring Cc ch s ph c cng mt thang o
C 2 phng php thng c s dng l phng php chun ha v phng php Rating
Curve. a s cc nghin cu v WQI s dng phng php ng cong t l (Rating Curve)
Cc thang o thng c s dng:
-100 to 100 (Stoner, 1978)
-50 to 100 (Bronet al, 1979)
0 to 1 (Swamee and Tyagi, 2000)
0 to 10 (Cooper et al, 1994)
0 to 14 (Prati et al, 1971)
0 to 16 (Sargaonkar and Deshpande, 2003)
0 to 25 (Gray, 1996)
0 to 100 (Brown et al, 1973; Shyue et al, 1996; Liou et al, 2004; Sedeo-Daz and Lpez-
Lpez, 2007; Simes et al, 2008)
1 to 10 (Melloul and Collins, 1998)
10 to 100 (Dunnette, 1979)
Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI
Bc 3: Trng s
Trng s c a ra khi ta cho rng cc thng s c tm quan trng khc nhau
i vi cht lng nc. Trng s c th xc nh bng phng php delphi,
phng php nh gi tm quan trng da vo mc ch s dng, tm quan trng
ca cc thng s i vi i sng thy sinh, tnh ton trng s da trn cc tiu
chun hin hnh, da trn c im ca ngun thi vo lu vc, bng cc phng
php thng k
Mt s nghin cu cho rng trng s l khng cn thit. Mi lu vc khc nhau
c cc c im khc nhau v c cc trng s khc nhau, v vy WQI ca cc lu
vc khc nhau khng th so snh vi nhau.
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng
C C c b c b c xy d c xy d ng ch ng ch s s WQI WQI
Trung bnh cng khng
trng sr
Trung bnh cng c
trng sr
Trung bnh nhn
khng trng sr
Trung bnh nhn c
trng sr
Tng khng trng s
dng Solway
Tng c trng s dng
Solway
Trung bnh bnh
phng iu ha
khng trng s
Min
Max
Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng
Cc bt cp khi tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng
Tnh che khut : Mt ch s ph th hin cht lng nc
xu nhng c th ch s cui cng li th hin cht lng tt
Tnh m h : iu ny xy ra khi cht lng nc chp nhn
c nhng ch s WQI li th hin ngc li
Tnh khng mm do : Khi mt thng s c th b xung vo
vic nh gi cht lng nc nhng li khng c tnh
vo WQI do phng php c c nh.
Khc phc cc bt cp khi tnh ton ch s cui cng
Liou et al. (2004)
Swamee and Tyagi
Kt hp gia TB cng v TB nhn
V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon
Bc 1: La chn thng s
Phng php WQI p dng ti bang Origon Hoa
k s dng 8 thng s:
Nhit , pH
DO
BOD, Tng N (ammonia+nitrate nitrogen), Tng P
Tng rn (Total solids)
Fecal coliform
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon
Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph: Phng php Delphi v Rating
Curve, thang o ca cc ch s ph: 0 - 100
Ch s ph DO: SI
DO
DO 3.3 mg/l SI
DO
= 10
3.3 mg/l < DO 10.5 mg/l
SI
DO
=-80.29+31.88*DO-1.401*DO
2
10.5 mg/l < DO SI
DO
= 100
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph
Ch s ph BOD: SI
BOD
BOD 8 mg/l: SI
BOD
= 100*exp(BOD*-0.1993)
8 mg/l < BOD SI
BOD
= 10
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon
V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon
Bc 3: Trng s
Origon WQI s dng phng php trng s cn bng (khng c
trng s).
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng
S dng hm s bnh phng iu ha

=
=
n
i
i
SI
n
WQI
1
2
1
Cc mc AQI v ngha
10 59 rt xu
60 79 Xu
80 84 Trung bnh
85 89 Tt
90 100 Rt tt
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 2 2. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Tn Th i TS Tn Th t Lng cho sng t Lng cho sng ng Nai ng Nai
Bc 1: La chn thng s: Phng php Delphi
Cc thng s c la chn tnh WQI cho sng ng Nai:
BOD, Tng N
DO
SS
pH
Coliform
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 2 2. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Tn Th i TS Tn Th t Lng t Lng
Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph - Phng php delphi v
Rating Curve
Cc ch s ph c tnh ton nh sau: (thang o 0 10)
BOD5 y = - 0,0006x
2
- 0,1491x + 9,8255
DO y = 0,0047x
2
+ 1,20276x - 0,0058
SS y = 0,0003x
2
- 0,1304x + 11,459
pH y = 0,0862x
4
- 2,4623x
3
+ 24,756x
2
- 102,23x + 150,23
N: y = - 0,04x
2
- 0,1752x + 9,0244
Coliform y = 179.39x - 0,4067
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 2 2. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Tn Th i TS Tn Th t Lng t Lng
Bc 3: Trng s - Phng php Delphi
Thng qua vic ly kin ca 40 nh khoa hc v mi trng, ta c
bng cc trng s nh sau:
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 2 2. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Tn Th i TS Tn Th t Lng t Lng
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng phng php trung
bnh cng c trng s
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
n
i i
i=1
WQIA= q W

qi : Tr qi : Tr ng s ng s
Wi: Ch Wi: Ch s s ph ph
So s So s nh phng ph nh phng ph p t p t nh ch nh ch s s ph ph gi gi a 2 a 2 phng ph phng ph p trn p trn
Bang Origon
0
4
8
12
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sng ng
Nai
0
30
60
90
120
150
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
DO
pH
C C c d c d ng ng ng kh ng kh tng tng ng nhau ng nhau
V d 3. Phng php Floria WQI
Bc 1: La chn thng s
Cc nhm thng s tnh ton WQI
trong ca nc: c, tng rn l lng
DO
Nh cu oxy (ph dng): COD, BOD, TOC
Cc cht dinh dng: Tng N, nitrat, Tng P
Vi khn: Tng Coliform v Fecal Coliform
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V d 3. Phng php Floria WQI
Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph: pp Rating curve
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V d 3. Phng php Floria WQI
Bc 3: Trng s - trng s cn bng
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng Trung bnh cng
khng trng s
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
Thang im WQI:
Tt: 0 44
Trung bnh: 45 59
Km: 60 99
SI SI
i i
: Ch : Ch s s ph ph
n n : S : S l l ng thng s ng thng s
V V d d 4 4. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Ph i TS Ph m Th m Th Minh H Minh H nh nh
Bc 1: La chn thng s: phng php phn tch hin trng
cc thng s hin c trong mng li quan trc mi trng
Cc thng s tnh ton WQI: 8 thng s
COD, BOD5
DO
c, TSS
N-NH
4
+
, P-PO
4
3-
Tng Coliform
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 4 4. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Ph i TS Ph m Th m Th Minh H Minh H nh nh
Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph - phng php Rating Curve
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 4 4. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Ph i TS Ph m Th m Th Minh H Minh H nh nh
Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 4 4. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Ph i TS Ph m Th m Th Minh H Minh H nh nh
Bc 3: Trng s - Trng s cn bng
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng phng php phn tch
EFA (Explorerly Factor Analysis)
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 4 4. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Ph i TS Ph m Th m Th Minh H Minh H nh nh
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng phng php phn tch
EFA (Explorerly Factor Analysis)
Ngoi WQI c bn, c th tnh thm WQI m rng nh sau:
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V V d d 4 4. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i TS Ph i TS Ph m Th m Th Minh H Minh H nh nh
Phn loi cht lng nc thng qua ch s WQI
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
Mc WQI ngha
91 - 100 S dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot
76 - 90 S dng cho mc ch sinh hot nhng cn cc bin
php x l ph hp
51 - 75 S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc mc ch tng
ng khc
26 - 50 S dng cho mc ch giao thng thy v cc mc ch
tng ng khc
1 - 25 Nc nhim, cn x l
V d 5. WQI CCME (Canada)
Khc bit so vi cc thng s trn:
La chn thng s: S dng tt c cc thng s c trong chng
trnh quan trc
C th tnh ton cho s liu nhiu im quan trc, nhiu t quan
trc
Khng tnh ch s ph cho tng thng s m tnh cho 3 ch s ph
nh sau:
F1: Phm vi
F2: Tn sut
F3: Bin
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V d 5. WQI - CCME
Tnh ton F1
F1 l t s cc thng s khng p ng c so vi mc hng dn
trong khong thi gian tnh ch s.
F1 = (s thng s vt qu tiu chun/tng s thng s)*100
Tnh ton F2
F2 l phn trm s mu khng p ng c mc hng dn
F2 = (S mu khng p ng tiu chun/Tng s mu)*100
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V d 5. WQI - CCME
Gi tr F3 c tnh ton qua 3 bc sau:
Bc 1:
Vi cc gi tr khng p ng c tiu chun (cao hn gii
hn trn hoc thp hn gii hn di), ta tnh gi tr sau:
lch: D = (gi tr thng s/mc hng dn) 1
khi gi tr thng s cao hn gii hn trn ca mc
hng dn
lch: D = (mc hng dn/gi tr thng s) 1
khi gi tr thng s thp hn gii hn di ca mc
hng dn.
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
V d 5. WQI - CCME
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
Bc 2: tnh ton gi tr nse
n l tng s mu
Bc 3: tnh gi tr F3
n
D
nse
k
i
i
=
=
1
01 . 0 01 . 0
3
+
=
nse
nse
F
V d 5. WQI - CCME
Tnh ton ch s cui cng
372 . 1
100
2
3
2
2
2
1
F F F
WQI
+ +
=
WQI
Ecological condition
Grade
point
Grade
95-100
Excellent: water quality is protected with virtual absence of
threat or impairment; conditions very close to natural or
pristine levels
4 A
80-94
Good: water quality is protected with only minor degree of
threat or impairment; conditions rarely depart from natural or
desirable levels
3 B
65-79
Fair: water quality is usually protected but occasionally
threatened or impaired; conditions sometimes depart from
natural or desirable levels
2 C
45-64
Poor (marginal*): water quality is frequently threatened or
impaired; conditions often depart from natural or desirable
levels
1 D
0-44
Very poor (poor*): water quality is almost always
threatened or impaired; conditions usually depart from
natural or desirable levels
0 F
V V d d 6 6. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i UB sng Mekong i UB sng Mekong
Cc thng s c chn: DO, amoni, COD, tng P
WQI c tnh ton cho mi im quan trc theo cng thc nh
sau:
p: im s ca ca mi mu, (nu DO, NH4, COD v tng P p ng
c mc ng dn s c 2 im; nu ch c NH
4
v tng P p ng
c mc hng dn s c 1 im, cc trng hp cn li s c 0
im.
n: s mu trong 1 nm
M: S im ti a c th t c ca cc mu trong 1 nm.
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
10 .
) ... (
2 1
M
p p p
WQI
n
+ + +
=
V V d d 6 6. W . WQI a ra b QI a ra b i UB sng Mekong i UB sng Mekong
M M t s t s phng ph phng ph p t p t nh WQI c nh WQI c th th
Thng s n
v
Mc
hng
dn
DO mg/l 6
Amoni mg/l <5
COD mg/l <4
Tng P mg/l <0.08
Phn loi im s
A: khng c nh
hng
9.5 - 10
B: nh hng nh 8.5 9.5
C: c nh hng 7 8.5
D: nh hng
nghim trng
<7
Mc hng dn Thang im WQI
Phng php tnh ton WQI do
Tng cc Mi trng ban hnh
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Gii thch t ng
1. Ch s cht lng nc (vit tt l WQI) l mt ch
s c tnh ton t cc thng s quan trc cht
lng nc, dng m t nh lng v cht
lng nc v kh nng s dng ca ngun nc
; c biu din qua mt thang im.
2. WQI thng s (vit tt l WQI
SI
) l ch s cht
lng nc tnh ton cho mi thng s
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Mc ch ca vic s dng WQI
nh gi cht lng nc mt lc a mt cch tng
qut;
C th c s dng nh mt ngun d liu xy
dng bn phn vng cht lng nc;
Cung cp thng tin mi trng cho cng ng mt
cch n gin, d hiu, trc quan;
Nng cao nhn thc v mi trng.
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Cc yu cu i vi vic tnh ton WQI
WQI c tnh ton ring cho s liu ca tng im quan
trc;
WQI thng s c tnh ton cho tng thng s quan trc.
Mi thng s s xc nh c mt gi tr WQI c th, t
tnh ton WQI nh gi cht lng nc ca im quan
trc;
Thang o gi tr WQI c chia thnh cc khong nht
nh. Mi khong ng vi 1 mc nh gi cht lng nc
nht nh.
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Quy trnh tnh ton v s dng WQI
Thu thp, tp hp s liu quan trc t trm quan
trc mi trng nc mt lc a (s liu qua x
l).
Tnh ton cc gi tr WQI thng s
Tnh ton WQI.
So snh WQI vi bng cc mc nh gi cht
lng nc.
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Thu thp, tp hp s liu quan trc
S liu quan trc c thu thp phi m bo cc yu cu
sau:
S liu quan trc s dng tnh WQI l s liu ca quan trc
nc mt lc a theo t i vi quan trc nh k hoc gi tr
trung bnh ca thng s trong mt khong thi gian xc nh i vi
quan trc lin tc;
Cc thng s c s dng tnh WQI thng bao gm cc
thng s: DO, nhit , BOD
5
, COD, N-NH
4
, P-PO
4
, TSS, c,
Tng Coliform, pH;
S liu quan trc c a vo tnh ton qua x l, m bo
loi b cc gi tr sai lch, t yu cu i vi quy trnh quy
phm v m bo v kim sot cht lng s liu.
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Tnh ton WQI
1. Bc 1. Tnh ton WQI thng s
1.1. WQI thng s (WQI
SI
) c tnh ton cho cc thng s BOD
5
, COD,
N-NH
4
, P-PO
4
, TSS, c, Tng Coliform theo cng thc nh sau:
BP
i
: Nng gii hn di ca gi tr thng s quan trc c quy nh trong
bng 1 tng ng vi mc i
BP
i+1
: Nng gii hn trn ca gi tr thng s quan trc c quy nh trong
bng 1 tng ng vi mc i+1
q
i
: Gi tr WQI mc i cho trong bng tng ng vi gi tr BP
i
q
i+1
: Gi tr WQI mc i+1 cho trong bng tng ng vi gi tr BP
i+1
C
p
: Gi tr ca thng s quan trc c a vo tnh ton.
( )
1 1
1
1
+ +
+
+
+

=
i p i
i i
i i
SI
q C BP
BP BP
q q
WQI
(cng thc 1)
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Bng (1) quy nh cc gi tr qi, BP
i
i q
i
Gi tr BP
i
quy nh i vi tng thng s
BOD
5
(mg/l)
COD
(mg/l)
N-NH
4
(mg/l)
P-PO
4
(mg/l)
c
(NTU)
TSS
(mg/l)
Coliform
(MPN/100
ml)
1 100 4 10 0.1 0.1 5 20 2500
2 75 6 15 0.2 0.2 20 30 5000
3 50 15 30 0.5 0.3 30 50 7500
4 25 25 50 1 0.5 70 100 10.000
5 1 50 80 5 6 100 >100 >10.000
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Tnh ton WQI
1.2. Tnh gi tr WQI i vi thng s DO (WQI
DO
): c tnh
ton thng qua gi tr DO phn trm bo ha.
Tnh gi tr DO bo ha
Trong T: nhit mi trng nc ti thi im quan trc.
Tnh gi tr DO phn trm bo ha
Trong DO
ha tan
: Gi tr DO quan trc c (tnh theo mg/l)
3 2
000077774 . 0 0079910 . 0 41022 . 0 652 . 14 T T T DO
baohoa
+ =
DO
%bo ha
= DO
ha tan
/ DO
bo ha
*100
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Bng (2) quy nh cc gi tr BP
i
v qi i vi DO
% bo ha
Nu gi tr DO
% bo ha
nm trong khong t 112 - 200 th
WQI
DO
c tnh theo cng thc 1 v s dng bng 2.
Nu gi tr DO
% bo ha
nm trong khong t 20 - 88 th WQI
DO
c tnh theo cng thc 2 v s dng bng 2.
i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BP
i
20 20 50 75 88 112 125 150 200 200
q
i
1 25 50 75 100 100 75 50 25 1
( )
i i p
i i
i i
SI
q BP C
BP BP
q q
WQI +

=
+
+
1
1
(cng thc 2)
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Tnh ton WQI
1.3. Tnh gi tr WQI i vi thng s pH
Bng (3) quy nh cc gi tr BPi v qi i vi thng s pH
Nu gi tr pH quan trc c nm trong khong t 8.5 - 9 th
WQI
pH
c tnh theo cng thc 1 v s dng bng 3.
Nu gi tr pH quan trc c nm trong khong t 5.5 - 6 th
WQI
pH
c tnh theo cng thc 2 v s dng bng 3.
i 1 2 3 4 5 6
BP
i
5.5 5.5 6 8.5 9 9
q
i
1 50 100 100 50 1
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
2. Bc 2. Tnh ton WQI
Sau khi tnh ton WQI i vi tng thng s nu
trn, vic tnh ton WQI c p dng theo cng
thc sau:
Trong
WQI
a
: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi 05 thng s: DO, BOD
5
,
COD, N-NH
4
, P-PO
4
WQI
b
: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi 02 thng s: TSS, c
WQI
c
: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi thng s Tng Coliform
WQI
pH
: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi thng s pH
3 / 1
2
1
5
1
2
1
5
1
100
(

=

= =
c
b
b
a
a
pH
WQI WQI WQI
WQI
WQI
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
3. Bc 3. So snh theo thang im
S dng bng xc nh gi tr WQI tng ng vi mc nh
gi cht lng nc so snh, nh gi, c th nh sau:
Mc WQI ngha
91 - 100 S dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot
76 - 90 S dng cho mc ch sinh hot nhng cn cc bin
php x l ph hp, bo v i sng thy sinh
51 - 75 S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc mc ch tng
ng khc
26 - 50 S dng cho mc ch giao thng thy v cc mc
ch tng ng khc
1 - 25 Nc nhim khng th s dng cho mc ch no
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Cng b WQI cho cng ng
Yu cu i vi ni dung thng tin v WQI c cng b:
Tn im v khu vc quan trc, tn trm quan trc;
Thi gian quan trc;
Gi tr WQI v mc nh gi cht lng nc
tng ng.
Phng ph Phng ph p t p t nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh WQI do TCMT ban h nh nh
Cng b WQI cho cng ng
Hnh thc cng b:
Bo ch
Truyn thanh
Truyn hnh
Bng thng tin in t
Trang thng tin in t
V d tnh ton WQI
Vi s liu quan trc gi nh nh sau:
BOD
5
(mg/l)
COD
(mg/l)
N-NH
4
(mg/l)
P-PO
4
(mg/l)
c
(NTU)
TSS
(mg/l)
Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
DO
(mg/l)
pH
T
(
o
C)
5 17 0.7 7 4 45 3500 4.9 6.5 28
V d tnh ton WQI
Tnh ton WQI thng s BOD, COD, NH4, PO4, c,
TSS, Coliform:
( ) 5 . 87 75 5 6
4 6
75 100
5
= +

=
BOD
WQI
( ) 7 . 71 50 17 30
15 30
50 75
= +

=
COD
WQI
( ) 40 25 7 . 0 1
5 . 0 1
25 50
4
= +

=
NH N
WQI
1
4
=
PO P
WQI
100 =
doduc
WQI
( ) 6 . 40 25 45 70
30 70
25 50
= +

=
TSS
WQI
( ) 90 75 3500 5000
2500 5000
75 100
= +

=
Coliform
WQI
V d tnh ton WQI
Tnh ton WQI thng s DO:
DO
%bo ha
=4.9/6.06876*100=80.7
Tnh ton WQI thng s pH:
06876 . 6 28 000077774 . 0 28 0079910 . 0 28 41022 . 0 652 . 14
3 2
= + =
baohoa
DO
( ) 86 75 75 7 . 80
75 88
75 100
= +

=
DO
WQI
100 =
pH
WQI
V d tnh ton WQI
Tnh ton WQI
Kt lun: Vi gi tr WQI = 71 th ta c kt lun l
ngun nc s dng c cho mc ch ti
tiu v cc mc ch tng ng khc, th hin l
mu vng.
71 90 ) 1 6 . 40 (
2
1
) 100 40 7 . 71 5 . 87 86 (
5
1
100
100
3 / 1
=
(

+ + + + + = WQI
p dng th nghim WQI
p dng th nghim cho LVS Cu
Chng trnh quan trc LVS Cu 2008, 2009
Quan trc trn cc nhnh sng: Sng Cu, sng Cng,
sng Ng Huyn Kh, cc nhnh sng khc
Tn sut quan trc 6 t/nm
S im quan trc 34 im
S lng thng s: 28 thng s
Tnh ton th nghim WQI
Tnh ton th nghim cho LVS Cu
Sng Cu
T l cc thng s so vi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT T l WQI thuc cc mc phn loi cht lng nc
Vic nh gi cht lng nc thng qua WQI n gin hn so vi vic nh gi cng
lc nhiu thng s. V d nh nm 2008 ti sng Cu c nhiu thng s nh BOD, COD p
ng c mc A1 vi t l rt cao, tuy nhin thng s N-NH
4
+
li p ng c mc A1 vi
t l rt thp, trong khi vi kt qu tnh ton WQI ta c th thy ngay t l s mu quan
trc t cht lng nc c th s dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot (gi tr WQI
nm trong khong 91 100) l 11,8%.
p dng th nghim WQI
p dng th nghim cho LVS Cu
Gi tr WQI trung bnh cc im quan trc thuc LVS Cu
Cht lng nc ca LVS Cu c s bin ng rt mnh gia cc nhnh sng v gia 2 nm
2008 v 2009. Cht lng nc nm 2009 thp hn nm 2008 ti a s cc im quan trc trn
cc nhnh sng.
p dng th nghim WQI
p dng th nghim cho LVS Nhu y
Chng trnh quan trc LVS Nhu y 2008, 2009
Quan trc trn cc nhnh sng: Sng Nhu, sng y,
sng ni thnh H Ni, cc nhnh sng khc
Tn sut quan trc 6 t/nm
S im quan trc 40 im
S lng thng s: 28 thng s
p dng th nghim WQI
p dng th nghim cho LVS Nhu y
Sng y
T l cc thng s so vi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT
T l WQI thuc cc mc phn loi cht lng nc
Theo nh kt qu tnh ton WQI nm 2008, t l cc mu c cht lng nc c th s dng cho
mc ch cp nc sinh hot (mc 76 90) t n 36%, tuy nhin nm 2009 t l ny gim
xung di 5%. Nguyn nhn ca iu ny l do thng s N-NH4+ v Tng Coliform khng p
ng vi t l B2 kh cao.
p dng th nghim WQI
p dng th nghim cho LVS Nhu y
Gi tr WQI trung bnh cc im quan trc thuc LVS Nhu y
Theo nh kt qu tnh ton WQI trung bnh cc t, tt c cc im quan trc trn LVS Nhu
y ch s WQI trung bnh nm 2009 thp hn nm 2008.
XIN CHN THNH CM N