TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN K THUT HA HC
B MN QU TRNH - THIT B CNG NGH HO V THC PHM
TI LIU HNG DN THIT K
N MN HC QU TRNH THIT B CNHH & TP
NHIM V N: THIT K H THNG C C HAI NI XUI CHIU
H Ni 2012
n mn hc Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc nhm gip sinh vin bit vn
dng cc kin thc ca mn hc Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc v cc mn hc
khc vo vic thit k mt thit b chnh v mt s thit b trong h thng thit b thc hin
mt nhim v k thut c gii hn trong cc qu trnh cng ngh.
Thng qua vic thit k n sinh vin cn t c cc yu cu sau :
1- Bit s dng ti liu tham kho: tm, c, tra cu, ghi chp, sp xp . . .
2- Nng cao k nng tnh ton, trnh by theo phong cch khoa hc.
3- Vn dng ng nhng kin thc, quy nh thit k khi trnh by bn v thit k.
4- Nhn nhn vn thit k mt cch h thng.
A- CCH TRNH BY N MN HC
Ni dung thit k c trnh by trong bn tnh ton v hai bn v.
I- Bn tnh ton
Gm cc phn sau:
1- Trang ba: s dng loi ba mm mu xanh, trnh by theo mu 1
2- Trang tip theo: t nhim v thit k n
3- Mc lc
4- Bn k cc ch k hiu cc i lng thng dng km theo n v o (trong qu
trnh vit nu dng cc k hiu cha c trong bng k trn th phi ch thch ti ch).
5- Thuyt minh n: trnh by sch s, ng vn phm khoa hc, khng vit tt, khng
ty xo, s dng giy kh A4, cc mc vit ch ln.
6- Ph lc (nu c)
7- Ti liu tham kho
II- Bn v
n mn hc Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh ho hc yu cu thc hin mt bn
v lp thit b chnh trn giy kh A1 v mt bn v dy chuyn trn kh A4. Bn v dy
chuyn thit b c ng km vi bn tnh ton.
B CC QUY NH C TH
1- Quy nh v bn tnh ton
- Bn tnh ton c trnh by trn kh giy A4, c th vit tay hoc nh my. Nu vit
tay, cc trang thuyt minh c trnh by trn trang giy c k khung theo kch thc sau:
- L tri : 3 cm
- L phi : 2 cm
- L trn : 2 cm
- L di : 2 cm
2
Nu nh my, s dng c ch 13, cn l theo kch thc nh trn, dn dng 1,3.
- Cc hnh v minh ha phi nhng v tr hp l, c nh s v ch thch km theo.
- Cc cng thc, s liu tra cu u phi ghi ch ti liu tham kho v s trang tng
ng.
V d : [4 - 125] (tc l ti liu tham kho th t, trang 125).
- Ch thch ti liu tham kho theo th t t cui quyn, trt t nh sau:
S th t - Tn tc gi - Tn ti liu -Th t tp - Nh xut bn Ni xut bn -
Nm xut bn.
V d :
[3] TP TH TC GI, S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht, tp2. Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, 1982.
Lu : sp xp cc ti liu ting Vit trc ri n cc ti liu ting nc ngoi. Cn vit nguyn tn
theo ngn ng m sch dng. Nu phin m th theo qui nh quc gia.
- Phn mc lc: ghi cc tiu chnh v s th t trang tng ng.
2- Quy nh v Bn v : 2 bn v.
- Kch thc kh giy theo ng qui nh:
- Kh A1 : 594 841 mm
- Kh A4 : 210 297 mm
- Vi n mn hc Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh ho hc yu cu mt bn v
lp thit b chnh trn giy kh A1 v mt bn v dy chuyn trn kh A4.
- Bn v dy chuyn cng ngh: cn v s nguyn l ca cc thit b chnh v ph,
k cc dng c o cn thit cng vi cc ng ni cc thit b. Nhng thit b c chn cn
ch thch r k hiu.
Cn th hin mi lin h gia cc thit b trong h thng, ch v tr tng i hp
l ca cc thit b trong h thng . C th v cc thit b ph, cc dng c o chun ho
theo qui c chung.
(C th s dng phn mm Microsoft Office Visio th hin bn v s cng ngh)
- Bn v k thut thit b chnh: phi tun theo nhng quy nh ca bn v lp thit
b.
Th hin hnh dng , kch thc bao ca thit b .
Th hin cu trc v cc chi tit hoc cm chi tit c lp ghp ca thit b
bng cc hnh chiu, mt ct vn dng cho bn v lp.
3
3 - Ni dung bn tnh ton gm cc phn sau:
1) u thit k
2) Mc lc
3) Phn m u
- Trnh by v nu tm tt mc ch ca vic lm n.
- Phn tch vn tt v phng php cng ngh c giao thit k ni chung v phng
thc c th c chn (hoc c giao bi) ni ring, loi thit b chnh, ph v nhng
chi tit quan trng c chn, phng php tnh ton.
- Nu vn tt nhng tnh cht ha l, ng dng ca vt liu c gia cng, ch n
nhng tnh cht c lin quan n vic chn phng thc gia cng, chn thit b.
- Nu tnh cht ca sn phm, lin h vi vic bo qun v ng dng sn phm cn ch
n vn bo v mi trng.
- Gii thiu cc ni dung chnh ca n .
4) S - M t dy chuyn cng ngh
- Ch thch y cc loi thit b, ng ng, bm . . . c trong dy chuyn thit b
(nu chn theo catalog th ghi r m hiu) .
- Trn cc s thit b cn ch r cc thng s cng ngh ca ch lm vic.
- Nu nguyn l lm vic ca h thng thit b.
5) Phng php v cc kt qu tnh thit b chnh
Cc s liu ban u:
- Nng sut tnh theo dung dch u G

, [kg/h]
- Nng u x

v cui x
c
ca dung dch, [ %khi lng ]
- p sut ca hi t p
1
, [at]
- p sut ca hi ngng t p
ng
, [at]
4
S khi chng trnh my tnh tnh ton h thng c c nhiu ni
Begin
Sai
Tnh b mt truyn nhit
Tnh h s truyn nhit K 1, K2
ng
Tnh khi lng ring dung dch trong cc ni
Tnh li hiu s nhit hu ch ni 1
Xc nh tn tht nhit
Gi thit phn b p sut
Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch
Tnh h s cp nhit
11
,
21
,
12
,
22
Kim tra cn bng nhit ti ring 2
pha
End
Sai
ng
So snh vi gi thit
Sai
ng
Tnh thng s hi th ni 1 v hi t ni 2
Gi thit phn b hi th
Xc nh nng dung dch trong cc ni
Xc nh nhit dung dch trong cc ni
Tnh li phn b hi th theo phng trnh
cn bng nhit lng
So snh vi gi tr tnh
Tnh thng s hi t ni 1 v hi th ni 2
5
Begin
Sai
Tnh b mt truyn nhit
Tnh h s truyn nhit K 1, K2
ng
Tnh khi lng ring dung dch trong cc ni
Tnh li hiu s nhit hu ch ni 1
Xc nh tn tht nhit
Gi thit phn b p sut
Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch
Tnh h s cp nhit
11
,
21
,
12
,
22
Kim tra cn bng nhit ti ring 2
pha
End
Sai
ng
So snh vi gi thit
Sai
ng
Tnh thng s hi th ni 1 v hi t ni 2
Gi thit phn b hi th
Xc nh nng dung dch trong cc ni
Xc nh nhit dung dch trong cc ni
Tnh li phn b hi th theo phng trnh
cn bng nhit lng
So snh vi gi tr tnh
Tnh thng s hi t ni 1 v hi th ni 2
Trnh t tnh ton h thng c c hai ni xui chiu khng ly hi ph
6
Bc 1: Xc nh lng hi th bc ra khi h thng W
Bc 2: Tnh s b lng hi th bc ra mi ni bng cch gi thit mc phn phi
lng hi th bc ra cc ni.
(Gi : Lng hi th bc ra ni sau ln hn ni trc; c th ly W
1
: W
2
= 1 : 1,1).
Bc 3: Tnh nng cui ca dung dch trong mi ni
Bc 4: Tnh chnh lch p sut chung ca h thng p (l hiu s gia p sut hi t
s cp p
1
ni 1 v p sut hi th trong thit b ngng t p
ng
)
Bc 5: Xc nh p sut, nhit hi t cho mi ni
- Gi thit phn b hiu s p sut hi t gia cc ni
p
1
: p
2
= a
1
: a
2
Gi : Hiu s p sut ni trc ln hn ni sau.
- Tnh p sut hi t tng ni
- Tra nhit hi t T
i
ca tng ni.
- Xc nh nhit lng ring v nhit ho hi ca hi t v hi th
Bc 6: Tnh nhit v p sut hi th ra khi tng ni
, , ,
1
,
i i i
T t +
+
[C]

i
: Tn tht nhit do tr lc ng ng : thng chn
i
= 1 1,5C
Tng ng vi nhit tnh c xc nh p sut hi th ca mi ni:
Lp bng tng hp s liu 1
Ni Hi t Hi th x , %
p, at T, C i, J/kg r, J/kg p, at t, C i, J/kg r, J/kg
1
2
Bc 7: Tnh tn tht nhit cho tng ni
- Tnh tn tht nhit do p sut thu tnh tng cao
i
:
i
= t
si
t
i
- Tnh tn tht nhit do nng
i
: c th dng phng php Tysenco
- T nh tng tn tht nhit ca h thng :


+ +
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i 1
, , ,
1
, ,
1
,
1
[C]
Bc 8: Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch ca h thng:



n
i
ng
n
i
i
T T T
1
1
1
[C]
Hiu s nhit hu ch trong mi ni:
, , , ,
i i i i si i i
t T t T T
[C]
Lp bng tng hp s liu 2
7
Ni
, [C] ,[C] , [C] T, [C]
t
s
, [C]
1
2
Bc 9: Thit lp phng trnh cn bng nhit lng tnh lng hi t D
i
, lng hi
th W
i
tng ni.
- Thit lp s :
- Lp h phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:
T h phng trnh tnh c:
+ Lng hi t vo ni 1: D
+ Lng hi th v l lng hi t ni sau: W
1
, W
2
- Xc nh li t l phn phi hi th gia cc ni trong h: W
1
: W
2
Lu lng hi th ra mi ni c th ln hn lng hi t vo ni , tr ni 1.
Ni C, J/kg C
nc
, J/kg
, C
W, kg/h
Sai s
%
Gi thit Tnh
1
2
Bc 10:
1. Tnh h s cp nhit
1
khi ngng t hi
- Gi thit chnh lch nhit gia hi t v thnh ng truyn nhit ni 1 l t
1
.
- Tu iu kin c th m chn cng thc tnh
1
cho thch hp.
Tuy nhin trong cc phng t trung tm, treo hoc phng t ngoi thng ng
(H<6m), hi ngng bn ngoi ng, mng nc ngng chy dng th h s cp nhit c tnh
theo cng thc [2-28]
25 . 0
1
1
.
. . 04 , 2

,
_

H t
r
A [W/m
2
]
2. Tnh nhit ti ring v pha hi ngng t
(G

W
1
)C
1
t
s1
1
Q
m1
DC
nc1
Di
1
G

C
0
t
s0
W
1
i
1
2
Q
m2
W
1
C
nc2
W
2
i
2
n
Q
mn
W
n-1
C
ncn
W
n
i
n
W
1
t
1
i
2
W
n-1
t
n-1
i
n-1
(G

W
1
W
2
)C
2
t
s2
8
Lp bng s liu s 4
Ni
t
1i
, [C]
t
m
, C A

1
, W/m
2

Q
1
, W/m
2
1
2
3. Tnh h s cp nhit
2
t b mt t n cht lng si
Tu thuc cu to thit b, gi tr ca nhit ti ring q, p sut lm vic v ch si
cng nh iu kin i lu ca cht lng m chn cng thc tnh
2
cho thch hp.
Thng thng c th tnh
2
theo cng thc:
i
i
i i
t p . . . 3 , 45
33 , 2
2
5 , 0
2

[W/m
2
]
t
2i
: Hiu s nhit gia thnh ng truyn nhit v dung dch
Ti i i ddi i T i
t t T t t t
1 2 2
[C]
Hiu s nhit 2 b mt thnh ng truyn nhit :

r q t
i Ti
.
1
[C]
Tng nhit tr ca thnh ng truyn nhit

r
:

+ +
2
r r r [m
2
/W]
- r
1
, r
2
: Nhit tr ca cn bn hai pha ca tng , [m
2
/W]
- : B dy ng truyn nhit, [m]
- : H s dn nhit ca vt liu lm ng truyn nhit, [W/m]
1
435 , 0
2 565 , 0
<
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

dd
nc
nc
dd
nc
dd
nc
dd
C
C

- Trong cng iu kin ni sau nh hn ni trc.

- , , C, : ly theo nhit si ca dung dch.
Lp bng s liu 5
Ni

dd
,
kg/m
3

nc
,
kg/m
3
M

dd
,
W/m

nc
,
W/m

dd
,Ns/m
2

nc
,Ns/m
2
1
2
4. Tnh nhit ti ring v pha dung dch
[ ]
2
2 2 2
W/m ,
i i i
t q
5. So snh q
1i
v q
2i
Nu q
1i
v q
2i
chnh lch nhau khng qu 10% (tt nht l 5%) th c th chp nhn gi
thit t
1i
v t
2i
ban u, nu ln hn 10% th cn gi thit li t
1i
v t
2i
(tnh li t bc 10).
Lu : Khi q
1i
> q
2i
gim t
1i ;
Khi q
1i
< q
2i
tng t
1i
9

t
q
q
1

q
2

t
Lp bng s liu s 6
Ni
t
2i
, [C]
1
, W/m
2

q
2
, W/m
2
1
2
Bc 11
Xc nh h s truyn nhit tng ni kim tra i chiu
[ ] do
r r
K
n
i i
i
i
i
2
1 2
2 1
1
W/m ,
1 1
1

+ + + +

Tuy nhin nu tnh theo phng php phn phi hiu s nhit hu ch theo iu kin
b mt truyn nhit cc ni bng nhau v nh nht th p dng cng thc:
[ ] do
T
q
K
i
tbi
i
2
W/m ,

Bc 12: Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch cho tng ni

- Lp t s cho tng ni : Q
i
/ K
i
- Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch cho tng ni
Bc 13:
So snh T
i
* v T
i
tnh c ban u theo gi thit ca phn b p sut. Nu sai s
nh hn 10% (tt nht l 5%) th chp nhn gi thit phn phi p sut, cn nu ln hn th
cn gi thit li phn b p sut v tnh li t bc 5.
Lp bng s liu s 7
Ni K
i
, W/m
2
Q
i
,W
T
i
,C T
i
*,C Sai s
1
2
10
Bc 14: Tnh b mt truyn nhit F
B mt truyn nhit F c th tnh theo 2 phng thc:
- Theo phng thc b mt truyn nhit cc ni bng nhau
[ ]
2
, m
T K
Q
F
i i
i
i

Lu : F
1
v F
2
phi bng nhau
- Theo phng thc tng b mt truyn nhit l nh nht
[ ]
2
, m
T K
Q
F
i i
i
i

n
j
n
j j
j
i
i
j i
K
Q
K
Q
T T
1
1
Tuy nhin nn tnh theo phng thc b mt truyn nhit cc ni bng nhau.
Quy chun b mt truyn nhit sau khi tnh.
6) Tnh thit b ph
- Tnh thit b ngng t Baromet
- Tnh ton bm chn khng
7) Tnh ton c kh
7.1. Bung t
Tnh s ng trong bung t
Chn v xp ng theo qui chun.
i vi ng tun hon trung tm: Din tch thit din ca ng tun hon ly khong 15
20% thit din ca tt c cc ng truyn nhit.
Vi thit b loi phng t ngoi, cch xp ng coi nh mt thit b trao i nhit ng
chm thng thng.
Tnh ng knh trong bung t
i vi thit b phng t ngoi: tnh nh thit b un nng. Sau chn D
tr
theo qui
chun.
i vi thit b ng tun hon trung tm:
( )
2
2
2
.
. sin . . . 4 , 0
n th
n
tr
d d
l
F d
D

+ + [m]
T nh chiu dy phng t
Tnh chiu dy li ng
Chiu dy li ng phi m bo cc yu cu sau y:
1. Gi cht ng sau khi nung, bn
2. Gi nguyn hnh dng ca mng khi khoan, khi nung cng nh sau khi nung ng
11
t
a
b
c
d
e
30
3. Bn di tc dng ca cc loi ng sut
4. Chu n mn tt.
tho mn yu cu 1: chiu dy S ti thiu ca mng ng l:
- S 10mm nu d
n
= 38mm
- S = d
n
/8 + 5mm nu d
n
38 100 mm
tho mn c yu cu 4 th S = S + C
tho mn yu cu 2 cn bo m tit din dc gii hn bi ng l:
2
min
.( ) 4.4 +12, mm
n n
f S t d f d 1
]
tho mn yu cu 3 ta tin hnh kim tra mng ng theo un:
'
2
1.4
3.6 1 0.7
b
u u b
n
p
d S
l l

_ _

, ,
Trong :
p
b
: p sut lm vic, N/m
2
d
n
: ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit, m
2
ab ad
l
+

Nhn vo hnh v ta c:
ab = t.cos30
ad = t + ed = t + tsin30 = t(1+ sin30)
Tnh chiu dy y li phng t
7.2. Bung bc hi (to khng gian hi v kh nng thu hi bt)
1. Tnh th tch phng bc hi
2. Tnh chiu cao phng bay hi
3. Tnh chiu dy phng bc
4. Tnh chiu dy np bung bc
5. Tra bch lp y v thn, s bulng cn thit ghp bch y
8) Tnh mt s chi tit khc
1. Tnh ng knh cc ng ni dn hi v dung dch vo v ra thit b [4-69]
C th cn tnh cc ng dn chnh sau y:
- ng dn hi t vo
- ng dn dung dch vo
- ng dn hi th ra
- ng dn dung dch ra
- ng tho nc ngng
12
Lu tng ni v s ni ca h thng tnh kch thc cc ng ng v tr.
2. Tnh v chn tai treo
Tnh khi lng ni khi th thu lc
nd
+G
tl nk
G G
- G
nk
: khi lng ni khng, [N]
- G
nd
: Khi lng nc c y trong ni, [N]
Chn s tai treo
Tnh lc mt tai treo phi chu (chia u s tai treo).
Tra tai treo theo quy chun.
3. Chn knh quan st
Da vo p sut lm vic chn. Nu p sut lm vic < 6at th c th chn theo quy
chun.
Chn vt liu.
Chn bch lp, s bu lng.
4. Tnh b dy lp cch nhit [4-41]
1.2 1.35 1.3
2 2
1.5
.
2.8 ,[ ]
t
l
d t
mm
q

Trong :
- d
2
: ng knh ngoi ca thit b, mm
- : h s dn nhit ca cht cch nhit, W/m
- t: nhit dung dch (hoc hi bo ho), C
- q
1
: nhit tn tht tnh theo mt mt chiu di ca thit b, W/m
13
Ph lc
Mu 1 Trang ba
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI
VIN K THUT HA HC
B MN QU TRNH - THIT B CNG NGH HA V THC PHM
N MN HC
THIT K H THNG THIT B CHNG LUYN LIN TC
HN HP HAI CU T BENZEN - TOLUEN
Ngi thit k : Nguyn Vn A
Lp, kha : QTTB K52
Ngi hng dn : PGS.TS Nguyn Vn B
H NI 201...
14
MT S QUY NH CA BN V
Cn tun theo nhng nguyn tc ca bn v lp thit b.
Kch thc kh giy: theo ng qui nh A1 : 594 841
Phi k khung m xung quanh mp 5mm. Nu ng th mp tri = 25mm.
Kh ch : 2,5 ; 3,5 ; 5 ; 7 ; 10 ; 14. Ch v s vit thng ng hoc nghing 75
0
.
Khung tn: 140 32 mm theo mu sau:
Th hin hnh dng, kch thc bao ca thit b
Th hin cu trc v cc chi tit hoc cm chi tit c lp ghp ca thit b bng
cc hnh chiu, mt ct vn dng cho bn v lp.
T l thng dng trong khi v
T l thu nh 1:2 1:2,5 1:4 1:5 1:10 1:15 1:20
T l nguyn hnh 1:1
T l phng to 2:1 2,5:1 4:1 5:1 10:1 20:1 40:1
ng nt
Trn bn v k thut, hnh biu din ca cc vt th c to bi cc ng c tnh cht
khc nhau nh ng bao thy, ng bao khut, ng trc , ng ging TCVN qui
nh cc loi ng nt v ng dng ca chng. Ly nt c bn c b dy b (b= 0,6t 1,5mm)
lm thc o cho cc nt khc.
15
Cc loi nt
Nt c bn ng bao thy, ng chuyn tip thy
Nt lin
mnh
ng kch thc, ng dng, ng gch,
ng gii hn phn v
Nt ln
sng
ng ct la, ng phn cch hnh chiu v
hnh ct
Nt t ng bao khut, chuyn tip khut
Nt ct Nt biu th vt ca mt ct
Nt chm
gch mnh
ng trc, tm, trc i xng
Nt chm
gch m
ng bao ca phn nm trc mt phng ct
( tng tng b b i);
K hiu mt ct cc vt liu
Kim loi
Vt liu phi kim loi
Cht lng
Cc qui nh v ghi kch thc
ng kch thc v bng nt mnh, c rng bng b/3 v gii hanj hai u bng 2
mi tn. ln ca mi tn ph thuc vo b rng nt c bn ca bn v. Nu kch thc
ngn qu khng ch v mi tn th mi tn c v pha ngoi ng ging. Nu kch
thc ni tip nhau m khng ch v mi tn th cho php dng mt chm hoc mt gch
xin thay cho mi tn.
16