NHNG CU HI THNG GP TRONG L THUYT HA HU C

Dng 1: Nhng cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 Nhng cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 gm 1. Ank-1-in (ankin c lin kt ba u mch): Phn ng th H bng ion kim loi Ag Cc phng trnh phn ng: R-CCH + AgNO3 + NH3 R-CCAg + NH4NO3 c bit CHCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCCAg + 2NH4NO3 Cc cht thng gp: axetilen (etin) C2H2; propin CH3-CC; vinyl axetilen CH2=CH-CCH Nhn xt: - Ch c C2H2 phn ng theo t l 1:2 - Cc ank-1-ankin khc phn ng theo t l 1:1 2. Andehit (phn ng trng gng): Trong phn ng ny andehit ng vai tr l cht kh Cc phng trnh phn ng: R-(CHO)x + 2xAgNO3 + 3xNH3 + xH2O R-(COONH4)x + 2xAg + 2xNH4NO3 Andehit n chc (x=1) R-CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O R-COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 T l mol nRCHO : nAg = 1:2 Ring andehit fomic HCHO t l mol nHCHO : nAg = 1:4 HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4Ag + 4NH4NO3 Nhn xt: - Da vo phn ng trng gng c th xc nh s nhm chc - CHO trong phn t andehit. Sau bit andehit no hay cha no ta da vo t l mol gia andehit v H2 trong phn ng kh andehit to ancol bc I - Ring HCHO t l mol nHCHO : nAg = 1:4. Do nu hn hp 2 andehit n chc tc dng vi AgNO3 cho nAg > 2.nandehit th mt trong 2 andehit l HCHO - Nu xc nh CTPT ca andehit th trc ht gi s andehit khng phi l HCHO v sau khi gii xong th li vi HCHO. 3. Nhng cht c nhm -CHO - T l mol nchat : nAg = 1:2 + axit fomic: HCOOH + Este ca axit fomic: HCOOR + Glucozo, fructozo: C6H12O6 + Mantozo: C12H22O11 BI TP Cu 1(H A-2007): Dy gm cc cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l A. Andehit axetic, but-1-ankin, etylen B. Axit fomic, vinyl axetilen, propin C. Andehit fomic, axetilen, etilen D. Andehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in Cu 2 (H B - 2008): Cho dy cc cht: C2H2, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3CHO, (CH3)2CO v C12H22O11 (mantozo). S cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 3 (H A-2009): Cho cc hp cht sau C2H2, C2H4, CH2O (mch h), C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc), bit C3H4O2 khng lm i mu qu tm m. s cht tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra kt ta l. Cu 4 (H A-2009): Dy gm cc cht u tham gia phn ng trng bc l A. Glucozo, mantozo, axit fomic, andehit axetic B. Glucozo, glixerol, mantozo, axit fomic C. Fructozo, Glucozo, glixerol, axit fomic D. . Fructozo, Glucozo, mantozo, saccarozo Cu 5 (H B-2010): Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc mch h c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2 phn ng vi NaOH nhng khng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9 Cu 6 (C-2008): Cho cc cht sau: glucozo, mantozo, saccarozo, tinh bt, xelulozo. S cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Cu 7 (C-2008): Cho dy cc cht sau: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 8 (H A-2009): A l mt cht hu c. t chy 1 mol A to ra 4 mol CO2 v 3 mol H2O. A b thy phn c xc tc to ra 2 cht hu c u cho phn ng trng gng. Cng thc ca A l A. HCOOCH=CH2 B. OHC-COOCH=CH2 C. HCOOCH=CH-CH3 D. HCOOCH2-CH=CH2 Cu 9 (H A-2011): Cho s chuyn ha sau C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y X + H2SO4 long Z + T Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z tng ng l A. CH3CHO, HCOOH B. HCOONa, CH3CHO C. HCHO v CH3CHO C. HCHO v HCOOH Cu 10: Trong cng nghip sn xut gng soi v rut phch ngi ta s dng: A. dung dch sacaroz tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 B. axetilen tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. C. andehit fomic tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 D. dung dch glucoz tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Dng 2: Nhng cht tc dng vi dung dch brom - Dung dch brom c mu nu - Nhng cht tc dng vi dung dch brom gm 1. Hidrocacbon bao gm cc loi sau: + Xiclopropan: C3H6 (vng) + Anken: CH2=CH2....(CnH2n) + Ankin: CHCH.......(CnH2n-2) + Ankadien: CH2=CH-CH=CH2...... (CnH2n-2) + Stiren: C6H5-CH=CH2 2. Cc hp cht hu c c gc hidrocacbon khng no + in hnh l gc vinyl: -CH=CH2 3. Andehit R-CHO R-CHO + Br2 + H2O R-COOH + HBr 4. Cc hp cht c nhm chc andehit + Axit fomic + Este ca axit fomic + Glucozo + Mantozo 5. Phenol (C6H5-OH) v anilin (C6H5-NH2)
OH + 3Br-Br Br Br OH Br + 3HBr

2,4,6-tribromphenol (kt ta trng) - Tng t vi anilin BI TP Cu 1 (H B-2007): C 3 cht lng benzen, stiren, anilin ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th phn bit 3 cht lng trn l? A. Dung dch phenolphtalein B. Dung dch nc brom C. Dung dch NaOh D. Qu tm

Cu 2 (H B-2008): Cho cc cht sau: CH4, C2H2, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, C6H5NH2 (anilin), C6H5OH (phenol), C6H6 (benzen). S cht phn ng vi nc brom l A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Cu 3 (H A-2009): Hidrocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi ca X l A. Etilen B. Xiclopropan C. Xiclohexan D. Stiren Cu 4 (H B-2010): Trong cc cht sau: Xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete. S cht lm mt mu dung dch nc brom l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3 Cu 5 (H A-2010) Cho s chuyn ha: dung dich Br2 O2 , xt NaOH CH 3OH ,t 0 , xt CuO ,t 0 C3H6 X Y Z T E (Este a chc). Tn gi ca Y l A. propan-1,3-iol. B. propan-1,2-iol. C. propan-2-ol. D. glixerol. Cu 6 (H A-2011). Cho dy chuyn ha sau + C2 H 4 , xt ,t o + Br2 ,as(1:1) KOH / C2 H 5OH ,t o Benzen X Y Z (trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh). Tn gi ca Y v Z ln lt l A. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren B. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren C. 2-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren D. benzylbromua v toluen Cu 7 (H A-2010). Hai este A, B l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C9H8O2. A v B u cng vi Brom theo t l mol 1:1. A tc dng vi NaOH cho mt mui v mt andehit. B tc dng vi NaOH cho 2 mui v H2O. cc mui u c phn t khi ln hn phn t khi ca CH3COONa. Cng thc cu to ca A, B ln lt l A. HOOC-C6H4-CH=CH2 v CH2=CH-COOC6H5 B. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v C6H5CH=CH-COOOH C. HCOOC6H4CH=CH2 v HCOOCH=CH-C6H5 D. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CH-COOC6H5 Cu 8 (C 2011): Cht X c cng thc phn t l C5H10. X tc dng vi dung dch Br2 thu c 2 dn xut ibrom. Vy X l cht no sau y? A. 1,1,2-trimetyl xiclopropan B. 1,2-imetylxiclopropan C. 2-metylbut-2- en D. 2-metyl but-1- en Cu 9 : Cho chui phn ng sau bit rng X,Y,Z,T,K,L u l sn phm chnh
+ KOH/C 2 H5 OH H 2SO4 c H SO c + ddBr + HBr + NaOH 2 4 2 Butan 1 ol X Y Z T K L 0 1800 C 180 C

L l: A. But-2-en B. But-1-en C. But-2-in Dng 3: Nhng cht c phn ng cng H2 1. Hidrocacbon bao gm cc loi sau: Hidrocacbon bao gm cc loi sau: + Xiclopropan: C3H6 (vng), xiclobutan C4H8 (vng) + Anken: CH2=CH2....(CnH2n) + Ankin: CHCH.......(CnH2n-2) + Ankadien: CH2=CH-CH=CH2...... (CnH2n-2) + Stiren: C6H5-CH=CH2 + benzen (C6H6), toluen (C6H5-CH3).... 2. Cc hp cht hu c c gc hidrocacbon khng no + in hnh l gc vinyl: -CH=CH2 3. Andehit R-CHO ancol bc I R-CHO + H2 R-CH2OH 4. Xeton R-CO-R ancol bc II R-CO-R + H2 R-CHOH-R 5. Cc hp cht c nhm chc andehit hoc xeton + glucozo C6H12O6 D. But-1-in

CH2OH-[CHOH]4-CHO + H2 CH2OH-[CHOH]4-CH2OH Sobitol + Fructozo C6H12O6 CH2OH-[CHOH]3-CO-CH2OH + H2 CH2OH-[CHOH]4-CH2OH Sobitol BI TP Cu 1 (H B-2010): Dy gm cc cht c phn ng vi H2 (xt Ni, to) to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng vi Na l A. C2H3COOH, CH3COOC2H3, C6H5COOH B. CH3OC2H5, CH3CHO, C2H3COOH C. C2H3COOH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH D. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH Cu 2(H A-2010): Hiro ha cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l A. metyl isopropyl xetol B. 3-metylbutan-2-on. C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. D. 2-metylbutan-3-on. Dng 4: Nhng cht tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 1. Ancol a chc c cc nhm -OH k nhau - To phc mu xanh lam - V d: etilen glicol C2H4(OH)2; glixerol C3H5(OH)3 TQ: 2CxHyOz + Cu(OH)2 (CxHy-1Oz)2Cu + 2H2O Mu xanh lam 2. Nhng cht c nhiu nhm OH k nhau - To phc mu xanh lam - Glucozo, frutozo, saccarozo, mantozo TQ: 2CxHyOz + Cu(OH)2 (CxHy-1Oz)2Cu + 2H2O Mu xanh lam 3. Axit cacboxylic RCOOH 2RCOOH + Cu(OH)2 (RCOO)2Cu + 2H2O - c bit nhng cht c cha nhm chc andehit -CHO khi tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 un nng se cho kt ta Cu2O mu gch + andehit + Glucozo + Mantozo RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O + 2H2O 4. tri peptit tr ln v protein - C phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2/OH- to phc mu tm BI TP Cu 1 (H A-2007): chng minh trong phn t gucozo c nhiu nhm hidroxyl (-OH), ngi ta cho dung dch glucozo tc dng vi A. kim loi Na B. Dung dich AgNO3/NH3, un nng C. Cu(OH)2/NaOH, un nng D. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng Cu 2 (H B-2008): Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, glucozo, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 l A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 3 (H A-2009): Thuc th phn bit Gly - Ala - Gly v Gly - Ala l? A. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim B. Dung dch NaCl C. Dung dch HCl D. Dung dch NaOH Cu 4 (H B-2009): Cho cc cht sau (a) OHCH2-CH2OH (b) OHCH2-CH2-CH2OH (c) OHCH2-CHOH-CH2OH (d) CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (e) CH3-CH2OH (f) CH3-O-CH2-CH3 Cc cht u tc dng vi Na v Cu(OH)2 l A. (a), (c), (d) B. (c), (d), (f)

C. (a), (b), (c) D. (a), (d), (e) Cu 5 (H B-2010): Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l A. Frutozo, axit acylic, ancol etylic B. Glixerol, axit axetic, glucozo C. andehit axetic, saccarozo, axit axetic D. Lng trng trng, fructozo, axeton. Cu 6 (LT 2012) Trong phn t hp cht hu c Y (C4H10O3) ch cha chc ancol. Bit Y tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh. S cng thc cu to ca Y l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5 Cu 7: Nhm cc cht u tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng kh Cu(OH)2 thnh Cu2O l A. glucoz v saccaroz. B. glucoz v mantoz. C. glucoz v xenluloz. D. saccaroz v mantoz. Cu 7 : Cc cht tc dng Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng to ra kt ta gch l A. Glucz, fructoz, sacca roz B.axit fomic, anehit fomic, mtyl fomiat C. Glucoz, sacca roz, man toz D. glixerol, axit fomic, anhit axetic Dng 5: Nhng cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH + Dn xut halogen R-X + NaOH ROH + NaX + Phenol C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O + Axit cacboxylic R-COOH + NaOH R-COONa + H2O + Este RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH + Mui ca amin R-NH3Cl + NaOH R-NH2 + NaCl + H2O + Aminoaxit H2N-R-COOH + NaOH H2N-R-RCOONa + H2O + Mui ca nhm amino ca aminoaxit HOOC-R-NH3Cl + 2NaOH NaOOC-R-NH2 + NaCl + 2H2O Lu : Cht tc dng vi Na, K - Cha nhm OH: R-OH + Na R-ONa + 1/2H2 - Cha nhm COOH RCOOH + Na R-COONa + 1/2H2 BI TP Cu 1 (H B-2007): S cht ng vi cng thc phn t C7H8O (dn xut ca benzen) u tc dng vi NaOH l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 2 (H B-2008): Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoniclorua, ancol benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH l A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 3 (H B-2010): Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h c cng cng thc phn t C 5H10O2 phn ng vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng phn ng trng gng l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9 Cu 4: Cht A c cng thc phn t C 8H10O. A tc dng vi dung dch kim to mui. S cng thc cu to ca A l A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 6

Cu 5: Hai cht hu c X, Y c to bi ba nguyn t C, H, O. t khi mi cht so vi heli u bng 18,5. C 2 cht u tc dng vi dung dch kim v u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht c th l A. HOOC-CHO, HCOOCH=CH2 B. OH-CH2-CH2-CHO; OHC-CH2-COOH C. HCOOCH2CH3; OHC-COOH D. CH2=CH-COOH; HCOOC2H5 Cu 6 (H A-2009). X phng ha mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C 10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca 3 mui l. A. CH3COONa, HCOONa v CH3-CH=CH-COONa B. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa v HCOONa C. HCOONa, CH C-COONa v CH3-CH2-COONa D. CH2=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CH C-COONa Cu 7 (H A-2011). X Y Z l nhng hp cht mch h, bn c cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v khng co phn ng trng bc. Y khng phn ng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z khng tc dng vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l A. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3 C. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH D. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO Cu 8: Cho cc cht c cu to sau: CH3 (I) CH2 = CH - CH2 - OH (II) CH3 - CH2 - COOH VII. (III) CH3 - CH2 - COO - CH3 OH (IV) CH3 - CH2 - CHO OH (V) CH3 - CH2 - CO - CH3 VIII. (VI) CH3 - O - CH2 - CH3 Nhng cht no tc dng c c vi Na v dd NaOH ? CH2OH
A. (I), (VII), (VIII). B. (II), (V) C. (II), (VII), (VIII). D.(I),(II),(IV).

Dng 6: Nhng cht tc dng c vi HCl - Tnh axit sp xp tng dn C6H5OH < H2CO3 < RCOOH < HCl - Nguyn tc: Axit mnh y axit yu ra khi mui - Nhng cht tc dng c vi HCl gm + Hp cht cha gc hidrocacbon khng no. in hnh l gc vinyl -CH=CH2 CH2=CH-COOH + HCl CH3-CHCl-COOH + Mui ca phenol C6H5ONa + HCl C6H5OH + NaCl + Mui ca axit cacboxylic RCOONa + HCl RCOOH + NaCl + Amin R-NH2 + HCl R-NH3Cl - Aminoaxit HOOC-R-NH2 + HCl HOOC-R-NH3Cl + Mui ca nhm cacboxyl ca aminoaxit H2N-R-COONa + 2HCl ClH3N-R-COONa + NaCl

+ Ngoi ra cn c este, peptit, protein, saccarozo, mantozo, tinh bot, xenlulozo tham gia phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit BI TP Cu 1 (H A-2009): C ba dung dch: Amoni hidrcacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v 3 cht lng: ancol etylic, benzen v anilin. Nu ch dng thuc th duy nht l HCl th s nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu dung dch A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 2 (H A-2010): Cho s chuyn ha + H 2 , Ni ,t o + NaOH ,t o + HCl Triolein X Y Z Tn ca Z l A. Axit linoleic B. Axit panmitic C. Axit stearic D. Axit oleic Cu 3 (H B-2009): Cho glixerol trioleat (triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim cha ring bit: Na, Cu(OH)2, CH3OH, dd Br2, dd NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s phn ng xy ra l A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 4 (H A-2011): Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l A. 3-etylpent-3-en. B. 2-etylpent-2-en. C. 3-etylpent-2-en. D. 3-etylpent-1-en. Cu 5 (H B-2010). Cho s d chuyn ha + Br2 ,(1:1mol ), Fe ,t o + NaOH ,t o , p + HCl Toluen X Y Z Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh l A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol B. p-metylphenol v o-metylphenol C. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen D. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen Cu 6: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X thu c 3 mol glyxin, 1 mol alanin v 1 mol valin. Khi thy phn khng hon ton X th trong hn hp sn phm c cc ipeptit: Ala Gly, Gly Ala v tripeptit Gly Gly Val. Trnh t cc amino axit trong X l A. Gly Ala Gly Gly - Val B. Gly Gly Val Gly - Ala C. Ala Gly Gly Gly - Val D. Gly Gly Val Ala Gly Dng 7: Nhng cht tc dng c c dung dch NaOH v HCl + Axit cacboxylic c gc hidrocacbon khng no CH2=CH-COOH + NaOH CH2=CH-COONa + HCl CH2=CH-COOH + HCl CH3-CHCl-COOH + Este khng no HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH HCOONa + OH-CH=CH2 CH3-CHO HCOOCH=CH2 + HCl HCOOCHCl-CH3 + aminoaxit H2N-R-COOH + NaOH H2N-R-COONa + H2O H2N-R-COOH + HCl ClH3N-R-COOH + Este ca aminoaxit H2N-R-COOR + NaOH H2N-R-COONa + ROH H2N-R-COOR + HCl ClH3N-R-COOR + Mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic R-COONH4 + NaOH R-COONa + NH3 + H2O R-COONH4 + HCl R-COOH + NH4Cl BI TP Cu 1 (H B-2007): Cho cc loi hp cht: Amioaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), Este ca aminoaxit (T). Dy cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH v HCl l A. X, Y, Z, T B. X, Y, T C. X, Z, T D. X, Y, Z Cu 2 (H A-2009). Tng s hp cht hu c mch c cng thc phn t C3H4O2 u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 3: Cho cc dy chuyn ho:

+ NaOH + HCl Glyxin A X ;

+ HCl + NaOH Glyxin B Y .

X v Y ln lt l: A. ClH3NCH2COONa v ClH3NCH2COONa B. ClH3NCH2COOH v ClH3NCH2COONa C. ClH3NCH2COONa v H2NCH2COONa D. ClH3NCH2COOH v H2NCH2COONa Cu 4: Cho s sau: C6H6 X C6H5NH2 Y Z C6H5NH2. X, Y, Z ln lt l A. C6H5CH3, C6H5NO2, (C6H5NH3)2SO4. B. C6H5Cl, C6H5NO2, C6H5NH3Cl. C. C6H5NO2, C6H5NH3Cl, C6H5NH3NO3. D. C6H5NO2, C6H5Br, C6H5NH3Cl. Dng 8: Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh, mu v khng i mu - Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu (tnh axit) + Axit cacboxylic: RCOOH + Mui ca axit mnh v bazo yu: R-NH3Cl + Aminoaxit c s nhm -COOH nhiu hn s nhm -NH2 - Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh (tnh bazo) + Amin R-NH2 (t C6H5NH2) + Mui ca bazo mnh v axit yu RCOONa + Aminoaxit c s nhm NH2 nhiu hn s nhm COOH BI TP Cu 1(H B-2007): Dy gm cc cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh l A. Anilin, metylamin, amoniac B. Amoniclorua, metylamin, natrihidroxit C. Anilin, amoniac, natrihidroxit D. Metylamin, amoniac, natriaxetat Cu 2 (H A-2008): C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C6H5-NH3Cl (phenyl amoniclorua), H2N-CH2CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, ClH3N-CH2-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2H-CH2-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH<7 l A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 3 (H A-2011): Trong s cac phat biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH): (1) Phenol tan it trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dich HCl (2) Phenol co tinh axit, dung dich phenol khng lam i mau quy tim (3) Phenol dung san xut keo dan, cht dit nm mc (4) Phenol tham gia phan ng th brom va th nitro d hn benzen Cac phat biu ung la A. (1), (2), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (3), (4) Cu 4 (H A- 2011): : Phat biu ung la A. Khi thuy phn n cung cac protein n gian se cho hn hp cac -aminoaxit B. Khi cho dung dich long trng trng vao Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mau xanh m C. Enzim amilaza xuc tac cho phan ng thuy phn xenluloz thanh mantoz D. Axit nucleic la polieste cua axit photphoric va glucoz Tng hp Cu 1 (H A-2008). Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 2 (H B-2009). Cho cc phn ng C2H5OH + HBr (to), C2H4 + HBr, C2H4 + Br2, C2H6 + Br2 (As, to). S phn ng to ra C2H5Br A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 3 (H A-2009). Poli(metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l A. CH2=CH-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH C. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH D. CH3-COOCH=CH2 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH Cu 4 (C A-2010). Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra andehit axetic A. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5 B. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH C. C2H5OH, C2H2, C2H4 D. CH3COOH, C2H4, C2H2 Cu 5 (H A-2011): Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp

A. Trng hp vinyl xianua B. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin v axit iapic C. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic D. Trng hp metyl metacrylat Cu 6 (H A-2011). Cho s phn ng + HCN tr nghop dongtrunghop CH CH X ; X po lim eY ; X + CH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 po lim eZ . Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y? A. T nilon-6,6 v cao su clopren B. T nitron v cao su buna-S C. T capron v cao su buna D. T olon v cao su buna-N Cu 7 (H A-2009). Cho s phn ng: H 2O , H + ,t o + KCN CH 3CH 2Cl X Y . Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2CHO B. CH3CH2NH2 v CH3CH2COOH C. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2COONH4 D. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2COOH Cu 8 (H A-2009). Pht biu no sau y ng A. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch xanh lam B. Anilin v phenol u phn ng vi nc brom to kt ta trng C. Anilin c th lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh D. Benzen c th lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng Cu 9 (C 2009). Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l A. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH B. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to),, CH3COOH C. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xt), (CH3)2CO D. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH, HOCH2-CH2OH Cu 10 (C 2011). Pht biu ng l A. Cao su thin nhin l sn phm trng hp ca isopren B. Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn ancol C. Cc cht etilen, toluen v stiren u tham gia phn ng trng hp D. Tnh bazo ca anilin mnh hn amoniac Cu 11 (C-2010). Tinh bt, xunlulozo, saccarozo v mantozo u c kh nng tham gia phn ng A. Thy phn B. Ha tan Cu(OH)2 C. Trng gng D. Trng ngng Cu 12 (C-2009). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn A. CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH B. C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH C. C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH D. CH3CHO, CH3COOH, C2H6, C2H5OH Cu 13 ( H-2008). un nng cht H2N-CH2-CONH-CH(CH3)-CONH-CH2-COOH trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c sn phm l A. H2N-CH2-COOH v H2N-CH(CH3)-COOH B. H2N-CH2-COOH v H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH C. ClH3N-CH2-COOH v ClH3N-CH(CH3)-COOH D. ClH3N-CH2-COOH v ClH3N-CH2-CH2-COOH Cu 14 (C 2008). Polime c cu trc mng khng gian (mng li) l? A. PE B. PVC C. Amilopectin D. Nha bakelit
Cu 15 (H B-2010): Axit X mch h, khng phn nhnh c cng thc thc nghim (C 3H5O2)n. Gi tr ca n v cng thc cu to ca X l

A. n = 1, C2H4COOH. B. n = 2, HOOC[CH2]4COOH. C. n = 2, CH3CH2CH(COOH)CH2COOH D. n = 2, HOOCCH2CH(CH3)CH2COOH Cu 16 (H B-2010) Trong s cac cht : C3H8, C3H7Cl, C3H8O va C3H9N; cht co nhiu ng phn cu tao nht la A. C3H7Cl B. C3H8O C. C3H8 D. C3H9N Cu 17 (C 2011): Mt phn t saccaroz co A. mt gc -glucoz va mt gc -fructoz B. mt gc -glucoz va mt gc -fructoz C. hai gc -glucoz D. mt gc -glucoz va mt gc -fructoz Cu 18 (H A-2009): Trong s cac phat biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH): (1) Phenol tan it trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dich HCl (2) Phenol co tinh axit, dung dich phenol khng lam i mau quy tim (3) Phenol dung san xut keo dan, cht dit nm mc (4) Phenol tham gia phan ng th brom va th nitro d hn benzen

Cac phat biu ung la A. (1), (2), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (3), (4) Cu 19: Cho cc cht sau: (I) dd HCl; (II) dd H2SO4 ; (III) dd Brom; (IV) dd NaOH; (V) Na; (VI) dd CH3OH; (VII) CH3COOH; (VIII) CH3COOC2H5 Nhng cht no cho trn c th tc dng vi ru etylic? A. Tt c cc cht trn B. (I), (II), (IV), (V), (VII) v (VIII) C. (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) v (VIII) D. (I), (II), (V) v (VII). Cu 20: Pht biu no sau y khng ng? A. Axit bo l cc axit mch khng nhnh, c th iu ch t s thy phn cc du m thin nhin. B. Axit cacboxylic l hp cht hu c no, mch h, cha mt nhm cacboxyl trong phn t C. Este l sn phm ca phn ng loi H2O gia ru v axit tng ng. D. Phn ng x phng ha l phn ng thy phn este c thc hin trong mi trng kim. Cu 21: Cho cng thc chung ca cc axit cacboxylic sau: (I): Axit n chc CxHyCOOH. (II) Axit hai chc CxHy (COOH)2. (III) Axit a chc no CnH2n+2(COOH)x (IV) Axit n chc c mt lin kt gc CnH2n-1COOH (n 2). (V) Axit n chc no CnH2n+2O2 (n 1). Nhng cng thc chung ca cc axit cacboxylic no sau y ng? A. (I), (II) B. (III), (V) C. (I), (II), (V) D. (I), (II), (IV). Cu 22: Pht biu no sau y khng ng? A. iu ch x phng bng phn ng gia cht bo vi NaOH un nng. B. iu ch cao su buna-S bng phn ng un nng Buta - 1,3 - ien vi lu hunh. C. T tm, bng, len l polime thin nhin. D. Du thc vt lm nht mu dung dch brom. Cu 23: Cho cc ancol sau: CH3CH2CH2OH (1); CH3CH(OH)CH3 (2); CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 (3); CH3CH(OH)C(CH3)3 (4). Dy gm cc ancol khi tch nc t mi ancol ch cho 1 olefin duy nht l (khng tnh ng phn hnh hc v xem nh cc phn ng u gi nguyn mch C) A. 1 v 2. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 1, 2, 4. D. 1, 2, 3, 4. Cu 24: Axit salixylic (axit o-hidroxibenzoic) tc dng vi cht X c xc tc H2SO4 to ra metyl salixylat dng lm thuc xoa bp, cn tc dng vi cht Y to ra axit axetyl salixylic (aspirin) dng lm thuc cm. Cc cht X v Y ln lt l: A. metan v anhirit axetic B. metan v axit axetic. C. metanol v anhirit axetic D. metanol v axit axetic Cu 25. Cc cht sau y c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca tnh axit : A. C2H5OH < CH2= CH COOH < HCOOH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < HOCH2CH2OH B. C2H5OH < HOCH2CH2OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH < HCOOH < CH2= CHCOOH C. C2H5OH < HCOOH < CH3 COOH < CH2=CHCOOH < HOCH2CH2OH < C6H5OH D. CH3COOH < C2H5OH < CH2= CH COOH < HCOOH < HOCH2CH2OH < C6H5OH
Cu 26. Cht 3-MCPD (3-monoclopropandiol) thng ln trong nc tng v c th gy ra bnh ung th. Cht ny c cng thc cu to l: A. HOCH2CHClCH2OH B. HOCH2CHOHCH2Cl C. CH3CHClCH(OH)2 D.CH3C(OH)2CH2Cl

Cu 27: Dy gm tt c cc cht u phn ng c vi HCOOH l

A. AgNO3 /dung dch NH3, CH3NH2, C2H5OH, KOH, Na2CO3. C. Na2O, NaCl, Fe, CH3OH, C2H5Cl.

B. NH3, K, Cu, NaOH, O2, H2. D. CH3NH2, C2H5OH, KOH, NaCl.

Cu 28: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi Na, NaOH, Cu(OH)2. S phn ng xy ra l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 29: Cho cc hp cht sau: phenol, anehit axetic, dung dch Na2SO4, dung dch brom, dung dch NaOH, dung dch NaCl. Nu cho phn ng tng i mt th s phn ng xy ra l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 30: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, p-crezol, phenylamoni clorua, ancol benzylic. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 3. A. metyl vinyl ete. C. propanal. A. axit fomic, axetilen, propen. C. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen. Cu 33: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:
+ NaOH + CuO + Cl2 (1 : 1) C6H5CH3 X Y Z o as t to

B. 4.

C. 5. B. ancol anlylic. D. axeton.

D. 6.

Cu 31: Hp cht C3H6O tc dng vi Na, H2 v trng hp c. C3H6O c th l

Cu 32: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 l B. metyl fomat, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in.

Cht Z c cng thc l A. C6H5CH2OH.

o

B. C6H5CHO.

C. HOC6H4CH3.

D. C6H5COCH3.

Cu 34: Cho s chuyn ho sau:

+ H 2O + H2 + O2 +X 1500 C CH4 X Y Z T M

Cng thc cu to ca M l A. CH3COOC2H5. C. CH3COOCH=CH2. Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ho sau:

2 4 + HCl + Br2 But-1-en X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 to 170o C to

B. CH3COOCH3. D. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
+ NaOH H SO + NaOH

Cng thc cu to ca X5 l A. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. C. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3. B. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2OH. D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.

(1) 2) Cu 36: Cho s phn ng: C2H4 C2H4Br2 (X) ( C2H6O2 (Y)

(3) C2H2O2 ( 4) C2H2O4 (5) C4H6O4 (Z) ( 6) C5H8O4

Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y, Z ln lt l

A. Br-CH2-CH2-Br, HO-CH2-CH2-OH, CH3OOC-COOCH3. B. CH3-CHBr2, CH3-CH(OH)2, CH3OOC-COOCH3. C. Br-CH2-CH2-Br, HO-CH2-CH2-OH, C2H5OOC-COOH. D. C A, C u ng. Cu 37: Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi ca X l A. xiclohexan. B. xiclopropan. C. stiren. D. etilen. Cu 38: Sp xp cc cht sau y theo chiu tng dn nhit si: CH3COOH (A), CH3COOCH3 (B), C2H5COOH (C), HCOOCH3 (D), C3H7OH (E). Th t ng l: A. D < B < E < A < C. C. D < B < E < C < A. B. B < D < E < A < C. D. B < D < C < E < A.

Cu 39: Cho cc cht: CH2=CH-CH=CH2 ; CH3-CH2-CH=C(CH3)2 ; CH3-CH=CH2 ; CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH2 ; CH3-CH=CH-COOH. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l A. 4. A. 18. B. 3. B. 9. C. 2. C. 15. D. 1. D. 12. Cu 40: Cho glixerol tc dng vi hn hp ba axit bo th to ti a bao nhiu sn phm trieste ? Cu 41: Pht biu ng l A. Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn ca ancol. B. Cao su thin nhin l sn phm trng hp ca isopren. C. Cc cht etilen, toluen v stiren u tham gia phn ng trng hp. D. Tnh baz ca anilin mnh hn ca amoniac. Cu 42: Trong s cc dung dch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa. Nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l A. Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. C. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. B. Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl. D. NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4.

Cu 43: Dy gm 4 dung dch cc cht u lm giy qu tm chuyn sang mu l A. nhm sunfat, axit acrylic, phenylamoni clorua, axit glutamic. B. axit nitric, axit axetic, natri phenolat, amoni clorua. C. phenol, amoni clorua, axit glutamic, axit fomic. D. axit clohiric, amoni clorua, anilin, natri fomat. Cu 44: Cho cc phn ng sau: a) FeO + HNO3 (c nng) c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c nng)
Ni, t o e) CH3CHO + H2

b) FeS + H2SO4 (c nng) d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3 f) glucoz + AgNO3 /dd NH3

g) C2H4 + Br2 A. a, b, d, e, f, h. C. a, b, c, d, e, h. Cu 45: Pht biu khng ng l

h) glixerol + Cu(OH)2 B. a, b, d, e, f, g. D. a, b, c, d, e, g.

Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l

A. Axit axetic phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly dung dch mui va to ra cho tc dng vi kh CO2 li thu c axit axetic. B. Phenol phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl li thu c phenol. C. Anilin phn ng vi dung dch HCl, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c anilin. D. Dung dch natri phenolat phn ng vi kh CO2, ly kt ta va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c natri phenolat. Cu 46: Cho cc hp cht hu c: (1) ankan ; (2) ancol no, n chc, mch h ; (3) xicloankan ; ; (9) axit no, n chc, mch h ; A. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8). C. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9). Cu 47: Cho s phn ng: C2H2 CH4 Cng thc ca X, Y v Z ln lt l A. C2H6, C2H5Cl, C2H4. C. C2H4, C2H5OH, CH3COOH. Cu 48: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:
t
o +X

(4) ete no, n chc, mch h ; (5)

anken ; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h ; (7) ankin ; 8) anehit no, n chc, mch h (10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc. B. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10). D. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9). X T Y Z Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O l

B. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH. D. C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5.

+Y

B
+Y

E D
+X

Bit E c cng thc phn t l C2H6O v F l polime. Tn gi cc cht A, C, D, E ln lt l A. metan, buta-1,3-ien, anehit axetic, etanol. B. etan, etilen, axit axetic, imetyl ete.

C. metan, eten, axetanehit, ancol etylic. Cu 49: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:

+ NaOH (d)

D. propan, axetilen, axit axetic, imetyl ete.

+X Phenol Phenyl axetat Y (hp cht thm) to

Hai cht X, Y trong s trn ln lt l A. axit axetic, phenol. C. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat. B. anhirit axetic, phenol. D. axit axetic, natri phenolat.

Cu 50: X c cng thc phn t C4H6O2Cl2. Khi cho X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH thu c etylen glicol, HOCH2COONa v NaCl. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2Cl-COO-CHCl-CH3. C. CHCl2-COO-CH2-CH3. B. CH2Cl-COO-CH2-CH2Cl. D. HOCH2-CO-CHCl-CH2Cl.

Cu 52: Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O (u l dn xut ca benzen) c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng c vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, tho mn tnh cht trn l A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 53: Hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t C8H8O2 c a ng phn khng tc dng vi Na nhng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v nc brom ; c b ng phn khng tc dng vi Na nhng tc dng vi dung dch KOH theo t l mol tng ng 1: 2. Tng a + b l A. 7. B. 5. C. 6. D. 8. Cu 54: Cho cc hp cht hu c: C2H2 ; C2H4 ; CH2O ; CH2O2 (mch h) ; C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc). Bit C3H4O2 khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra kt ta l A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2. Cu 55: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2. X c phn ng trng gng. Hiro ho X thu c cht Y c cng thc phn t l C4H10O2. Y ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. Tn gi ca Y l A. butan-1,2-iol. C. 2-metylpropan-1,2-iol. B. butan-1,3-iol. D. 2-metylpropan-1,3-iol.

Cu 56: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na ; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3.

C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 57: Mt ancol c cng thc phn t C5H12O. Oxi ho ancol bng CuO c un nng thu c sn phm c phn ng trng gng. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to tho mn iu kin trn ?

A. 3.

B. 4.

C. 5.

D. 6.

Cu 58: X l mt hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t l C 2H2On (n 2). X tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 (d) th gi tr ca n l A. n = 2. C. n = 0 ; n = 1. B. n = 0 ; n = 2. D. n = 0 ; n = 1 ; n = 2.

Cu 59: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO.

Cu 60: Cho X l hp cht thm ; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HO-C6H4-COOCH3. C. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. B. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. D. HO-C6H4-COOH.

Cu 61: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H6O4 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) theo phng trnh ho hc: C4H6O4 + 2NaOH 2Z + Y. oxi ho ht a mol Y th cn va 2a mol CuO (un nng), sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Phn t khi ca T l A. 44. B. 58. C. 82. D. 118. Cu 62: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l A. HO-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CHO. B. HO-CH2-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO. C. HO-CH(CH3)-CHO v HOOC-CH2-CHO. D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2-CH3.

Nguyn Hu Th - Trng THPT Cn Tin