Cc hng nghin cu ni bt

Nghin cu KHCN trong Khoa TVT c th c chia mt cch s b thnh mt s hng nghin cu ni bt nh sau: 1.Thit k v ch to cc h thng v thit b thng minh nghin cu ch to cc sn phm cng ngh thng minh; 2.Thit k v ch to angten v cc h thng thu pht cao tn v siu cao tn; 3.Thit k vi mch in t; 4.Thit k v ch to cc linh kin vi c h thng v vi h thng; 5.X l tn hiu v nh y-sinh v ch to cc thit b h thng y-sinh; 6.X l v truyn d liu a phng tin; 7.Cc gii thut x l tn hiu v hnh nh. Di y, chng ti gii thiu s lc qua cc hng nghin cu ny v trnh by mt s kt qu ni bt t c. A. Thit k v ch to cc h thng v thit b thng minh 1) H thng tch hp INS/GPS cho phng tin chuyn ng

Hin nay, cc hot ng ca con ngi i hi v nh v, dn ng v iu khin cho cc vt th chuyn ng nh my bay, tn la, t, tu thuyn, v.v. tr thnh mt nhu cu ht sc cp thit trong nhiu lnh vc i sng v an ninh quc phng. Mt trong nhng h thng dn ng hin ti ang c ng dng nhiu l h thng nh v v tinh ton cu (GPS). Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng u im nh chnh xc tng i cao v n nh theo thi gian, h thng GPS b l nhng nhc im nh tn hiu c th b gin on trong thi gian khng xc nh do nh hng ca a hnh hoc do sai s c ch ch ca nh cung cp. Bn cnh h thng GPS, h thng dn ng qun tnh (INS) cng c s dng nhiu nhm xc nh ta v cc thng tin ca vt th chuyn ng da trn cc thng s o c tnh ton t cc cm bin gn trn vt th nh cm bin gia tc, con quay hi

chuyn, la bn t, v.v. Vic tch hp INS v GPS cho php to nn mt h thng dn ng c tnh hon thin cao c ng dng trong cc ngnh nh iu khin dn ng cc phng tin ng b, ng khng v v tr. H thng c thit k s dng cc k thut x l tn hiu s hin i, c bit l lc b lc Kalman, v cm bin gia tc MEMS mi, p ng c cc yu cu nh tnh chnh xc cao v thi gian p ng nhanh. Nhm nghin cu: GS. TSKH. Nguyn Ph Thu (ch tr), TS. Nguyn Thng Long, TS. Trn c Tn. Hp tc chnh: Vin Tn la (B Quc phng). 2) Mng cm bin khng dy cnh bo s c vt ngng

Mc tiu chung ca hng nghin cu l thit k, ch to mng cm bin khng dy (WSNWireless Sensor Networks) nh mt prototype, s dng nh gi cc nghin cu v nng cao hiu qu khai thc mng WSN. C th l vic thit k, ch to nt mng, vit phn mm nhng, xy dng mng WSN vi s lng nt ln, trong c mt nt c s, cc nt cn li lm nhim v cm bin. Trn c s prototype ny, tin hnh cc nghin cu nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng, bao gm cc gii thut v: phn tuyn v thm nhp mi trng (MAC) hng ti s dng hiu qu nng lng nt mng, hiu qu truyn nhn d liu, tin cy; iu khin ng cng sut nt mng; nh v nt mng.

Nhm ang tip tc cc nghin cu hn lm v nh tuyn, iu khin thm nhp mi trng, nh v nt mng, t cu hnh, v.v., hng n khai thc tt nht ti nguyn mng WSN (ngun nui c lp, b nh dung lng b, kch thc nh, s lng nt mng trin khai ln, ngu nhin, v.v.), v hiu qu truyn nhn d liu v tin cy ca thng tin. Cc nghin cu s thc hin theo phng php phn tch, m phng, vit phn mm nhng v thc nghim trn mng WSN nh gi kt qu. Sn phm ASOT1 c ng k vi Vn m Cng ngh Cao ti Ha Lc, nhm hng n ch to sn phm ng dng.
Nhm nghin cu: PGS.TS. Vng o Vy (ch tr), mt s NCS v HVCH. B. Thit k v ch to angten v cc h thng thu pht cao tn v siu cao

tn 1) Thit k, ch to v o lng anten

Cc anten mch di tch hp trn b mt bn cu nhiu lp m t nh trong Hnh 7 c phn tch trn c s s dng hm Green min ph trong phng php m-men cho php ng dng tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca anten nh tr khng li vo, trng in t, li, nh hng, v.v., t lp th bc x ca cc loi anten ny. Gii php tng qut phn tch v thit k cc anten mch di siu cao tn tch hp trn b mt bn cu nhiu lp v ng dng nu trn c HQGHN trao gii thng Cng trnh khoa hc tiu biu HQGHN 2008. Ti B mn Thng tin V tuyn, h thng o lng anten c xy dng hot ng trn mt di tn s rng, bao trm ph tn s ca cc h thng thng tin v tuyn ang ph bin hin nay nh GSM, WLAN, CDMA, v.v. Trong h o, b lc phn mm gii quyt tt vn tch tn hiu mong mun thu c t AUT v loi b nhng tn hiu a ng khng mong mun khc. Cc kt qu o c thc t c thc hin ti phng th nghim vi cc anten chn t 1/2 v 3/2 bc sng. Sn phm H thng o lng t ng c trng bc x Anten t Gii thng Sng to tr ti cuc thi Sng to cc sn phm in t, Vin thng v Cng ngh Thng tin Vit Nam 2006 . Nhm nghin cu: PGS.TS. Trng V Bng Giang (ch tr), mt s cn b ca B mn Thng tin V tuyn. Hp tc chnh: TS. Achim Dreher, Vin Truyn thng v Dn ng, Trung tm Hng khng V tr c (DLR). 2) Thit k v ch to cc h thng thu pht cao tn v siu cao tn

Cng vi x l tn hiu, k thut siu cao tn cng sut nh tp m thp v c bit l k thut siu cao tn cng sut ln l lnh vc rt kh khn v phc tp cn c cc c s khoa hc cng ngh u t nghin cu su, tin ti lm ch cng ngh ch to trong nc, cho php hin i ha v ch to mi cc thit b nh v v tuyn trong iu kin nc ta hin nay. Nghin cu thit k v ch to cc thit b siu cao tn ti Khoa TVT tp trung i su nghin cu cng ngh, to ra sn phm cng ngh cao, ng dng trong cc h thng thng tin v tuyn, cc h nh v v tuyn. Cc sn phm c th v ang c ch to th nghim bao gm: (1) thit b

x l tn hiu v t ng pht hin mc tiu trong cc h nh v v tuyn i ra a bt thp P15; (2) tuyn thu trung tn i ra a P37 bng linh kin cng ngh mi; (3) b khuch i cao tn tp m thp thay th n sng chy lm vic di sng xi mt dung cho ra a bt thp P15, P19; (4) my thu Logarit gii m tn hiu 2 knh bng tn UHF s dng trong cc h thng thng tin v tuyn; (5) b t hp tn s di sng xi mt dng mch vng bm pha PLL vi c cu chuyn tn s linh hot dng trong cc h thng t ng iu chnh tn s; (6) my pht bn dn di sng dm; (7) h thng pht, thu v x l tn hiu di rng, nhn bit ch quyn Quc gia.

Nhm nghin cu: PGS.TS. Bch Gia Dng (ch tr), mt s cn b ca Trung tm Nghin cu TVT.
Hp tc chnh: Vin Phng khng Khng qun (B Quc phng) C. Thit k vi mch in t 1) Thit k v kim tra cc h thng trn chp (SoC), mng trn chp (NoC) Vi nhng u th vt tri, m hnh mng trn chp c xem nh l mt m hnh thay th cho h thng trn chp c in trong tng lai gn. Hng nghin cu cc phng php thit k v kim tra h thng trn mt chp vi tch hp cao ang trin khai xy dng mt platform h thng m, gi l h thng COMOSY, m t trong Hnh 12, da trn cng ngh FPGA. Platform h thng ny c th c dng cho cc mc ch o to v trin trin khai cc ng dng khc nhau vi phc tp va phi trong lnh vc o lng, iu khin v gim st. y l mt nghin cu tng hp, a ngnh, mt s kt hp gia tnh ton phn tn, mng, truyn thng trn chip, phng php thit k h thng, p dng cc gii php thit k mng my tnh vo thit k h thng trn chip, v phng php thit k kim tra. Cc nghin cu thit k v kim tra m hnh mng trn chip, cng do TS. Trn Xun T ch tr. Mt m hnh mng trn chip n gin c trnh by trong Hnh 13 v h thng GALS (Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous - d b ton cc, ng b cc b ) m nhm ang quan tm. Nhm nghin cu: TS. Trn Xun T (ch tr), mt s cn b PTN SIS.

Hp tc chnh: CEA-LETI, MINATEC v INPG, Php. 2) Thit k vi mch chuyn dng siu cao tn

Song song vi nghin cu thit k v ch to cc thit b cao v siu cao tn nh trong phn III.B.2, mt hng nghin cu lin quan n lnh vc thit k vi mch in t l thit k vi mch vi cc ng dng chuyn dng trong lnh vc siu cao tn nhm tin ti ch to chp chuyn dng siu cao tn trn cng ngh CMOS (RF CMOS Design) vi cc chc nng to m, chc nng thu pht bng rng c cu trc mm do, dng cho cc ng dng ch to x l gia cng tn hiu trong my thu, my pht ca h thng nhn bit ch quyn Quc gia, ca radar ni ring v cc h thng thng tin bng rng ni chung, lm vic di tn s siu cao. Nhm nghin cu: PGS.TS. Bch Gia Dng (ch tr), mt s cn b ca Trung tm Nghin cu TVT. Hp tc chnh: GS.TS. Bernard Journet (ENS, Php). D. Nghin cu thit k v ch to cc linh kin v h thng vi c in t (MEMS) v vi c h thng 1) Nghin cu ch to vi kp c gn cm bin

Trong thao tc gp cc vi ht c kch thc c micromet, chnh xc, tc v mm do ca thao tc s c ci thin nhiu nu cm nhn c lc tng tc v iu khin u vi kp theo thi gian thc. Nhiu nhm nghin cu vi c in t v vi h thng trn th gii ang tp trung nghin cu h thng vi kp c gn cm bin trong khng gian micro c tnh nng gn nh bn tay ca con ngi trong th gii macro. Cc h thng ny c th ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh: m t bo, m ni soi, vi robotics v cc nhim v lin quan n vi lp rp trong cng ngh vi in t. Gn y, cc h thng vi kp thng thng khng s dng cm bin lc xc nh tng tc gia u kp v i tng c thao tc m s dng camera. Phng php ny thng cho cc thng tin v nh hai chiu ca thao tc. Nhiu thng tin cn thit khc cho nhu cu iu khin nh lc tng tc, chiu ca lc khng thu c nn dn n cm gic mt khng gian v kh khn trong xc nh v tr thc ca vi ht. Hn na thiu thng tin v lc tng tc s khng th c nhng thao tc mm mi v rt d dn n tnh trng ph hy mu khng mong mun. Nghin cu, thit k, ch to v pht trin h thng vi kp c gn cm bin cng vi tnh nng iu khin vng ng da trn cng ngh vi c in t (MEMS) v cng ngh ch to CMOS l nh hng chnh ca nhm nghin

cu. Sau kho st nhu cu thc ca mt s ng dng trong vi lp rp v y sinh, mc tiu nghin cu c t ra l ch to thnh cng mt vi kp c kch thc tng th khong 500x500x30 m vi u kp cho php thao tc cc ht c kch thc khong t 10 n 30 m, vi kh nng cm nhn lc tng tc v iu khin vng ng thi gian thc.

Ngoi hng ti u cu trc bng cch s dng cc mch iu khin vng ng, nhm nghin cu cng ang trin khai ti u cu trc theo hai hng khc l ti u cu trc c hc v ti u m hnh truyn nhit trong vi chp hnh nhit in.
Nhm nghin cu: TS. Ch c Trnh (ch tr). Hp tc chnh: G.K. Lau, J.F. Creemer, v P.M. Sarro (H Cng ngh Delft, H Lan). 2) Thit k cm bin gia tc theo cng ngh vi c in t

Nghin cu ny trnh by v mt quy trnh thit k v ti u p dng cho mt cu trc cm bin gia tc c th. Phng php thit k tng hp tn dng c u im v tc m phng ca cng c SUGAR (da trn phn tch nt) v m phng ton din ca ANSYS (da trn phng php phn t hu hn), v c kt hp trong vic ti u thng s cu trc cm bin. Vic phn tch tnh cht c ca cu trc nhm xc nh phn b ng sut khi c gia tc tc ng, t tm ra cc v tr trn thanh dm cy cc p in tr sao cho khuch i ti a tn hiu mong mun v gim thiu nhiu php tuyn. K thut ng m phng gia cc trng nhit c p tr cng c p dng thnh cng trong nghin cu ny nhm kho st cm bin ton din hn, ph hp vi iu kin hot ng thc t. Sau bc ch to, cm bin c chun ho bng cc php o tnh v ng. Phng php phn tch phng sai Allan c p dng thnh cng trong vic xc nh sai s gy bi cm bin v mch ghp ni. Mt ng gp quan trng na l xut phng php ti u phm cht ca cm bin trn c s tnh ton nh hng ca nng pha tp, nhit , nhiu, v cng sut tiu th. Bi ton a mc tiu c xy dng trn c s ti u nhy v phn gii ca cm bin c gii quyt. Hnh 16 l chip cm bin gia tc c ch to. Nhm nghin cu: TS. Trn c Tn (Ch tr), GS.TSKH. Nguyn Ph Thy, TS. Nguyn Thng Long, GS.TSKH. Hunh Hu Tu. Hp tc chnh: GS.TS. S. Roy (H Laval, Canada).

E. X l tn hiu v nh y-sinh v ch to cc thit b h thng y-sinh 1) X l tn hiu in no nhn bit gai ng kinh t ng

Nhn bit cc loi tn hiu ng kinh (gai hay xung co git) t tn hiu in no (EEG) cng vi xc nh thi im xut hin v xc nh v tr no tn thng l nhng vn m cc bc s chuyn khoa phi lm trong phn tch v chn on bnh ng kinh. p dng cc phng php x l tn hiu c th nhn bit t ng em li nhiu li ch b tr cho cc bc s chuyn khoa, c bit khi tn hiu in no b nh hng bi nhiu (nh nhiu mt, nhiu tim, nhiu c) v khi thi gian o tn hiu lu. Hng nghin cu ny ti Khoa TVT p dng cc gii thut x l tn hiu m loi cc tn hiu nhiu gy c c tn hiu sch c cha tn hiu ng kinh, v t xy dng cc cng c nhn bit gai mt cch t ng. Cc tn hiu in no o c l t hp tuyn tnh ca cc hot ng no b, bao gm tn hiu ng kinh v cc loi nhiu khc. Nhm nghin cu: TS. Nguyn Linh Trung (ch tr), TS. L V H, TS. Trn c Tn. Hp tc chnh: Hong Cm T (Bnh vin Nhi Trung ng), Mostefa Mesbah (i hc Queensland, c). 2) Thu nhn nh nhanh trong Chp nh cng hng t (MRI)

Chp nh cng hng t (MRI), da trn hiu ng cng hng t ht nhn, tm c nhiu ng dng trong cc lnh vc nh sinh hc, k ngh, v khoa hc vt liu. MRI to ra cuc cch mng v chn on hnh nh trong y hc do c nhiu li ch quan trng nh: (i) cung cp s tng phn c trng gia cc m mm vi phn gii cao, (ii) c tnh khng thm nhp do phng php ny thc thi trn thang mc tn s v tuyn khng cn s dng ti s pht x ion ha, khng nh cc phng php CT (Computer Tomography) hay X quang, (iii) chp c mi t th m khng cn thay i v tr my hay vt cn chp, (iv) c kh nng chp nhiu loi nh khc nhau. Thu nhn nh nhanh trong MRI l vn quan trng nhm tng cng tng phn v phn gii ca nh, trnh cc hiu ng sinh l hay gim thi gian o c trn bnh nhn, vt qua cc hn ch vt l ni ti ca thit b MRI, hoc p ng cc yu cu v mt thi gian khi chp nh cc cu trc hay qu trnh ng. Cc k thut hin i cho MRI nhanh ch yu di dng chp nh song song trong nhiu cun cm c s dng ng thi. Vic ti to hnh nh c th thc hin trong khng gian nh, khng gian-k hay khng gian-k-t. Nhiu k thut chp nh song song c pht trin, ng ch nht l SENSE, SPACE-RIP, PILS, SMASH, GRAPPA, k-t

SENSE, UNFOLD-SENSE. Trong khun kh nghin cu thu nhn nh nhanh trong MRI, nhm nghin cu p dng k thut ly mu nn hn lon (chaotic compressed sensing), do nhm pht trin, vo ly mu nn khng gian-k. Nhm nghin cu: TS. Nguyn Linh Trung (ch tr), TS. Trn c Tn, TS. L V H. Hp tc chnh: PGS.TS. Ngc Minh (H UIUC, M), GS.TS. Victoria Morgan (H Vanderbilt, M). F. X l v truyn d liu a phng tin

Cc h thng x l v truyn d liu a phng tin phi thc hin cc cng vic x l v truyn mt khi lng ln d liu qua cc mng truyn thng trong thi gian thc. Mt s v d v cc h thng nh vy: h thng truyn hnh qua mng IP (IPTV), h thng hi ngh truyn hnh (video conference), v.v. Yu cu i vi cc h thng ny l kh nng thc hin trong thi gian thc thch nghi vi cc iu kin a dng v ng truyn va thit b x l, cng vi s m bo v cht lng thng tin. p ng c cc yu cu , cn phi c c cc gii thut cng nh cu trc x l hiu qu cho cc bi ton c lin quan nh tin x l v hu x l, m ha v gii m d, khi phc li, v.v. 1) X l d liu a phng tin

Mt hng nghin cu trong khun kh ny tp trung vo vic pht trin cc cu trc x l thi gian thc cho cc bi ton tin x l v hu x l (kh nhiu, kh nhe, ni suy nh v video, v.v.), m ha (nn) v gii m d liu a phng tin, ch yu l nh v video, x l to dng video 3D, v.v. Nhm nghin cu: TS. L V H (ch tr). Hp tc chnh: Alain Merigo (H Paris Sud 11, Php). Mt hng nghin cu khc trong lnh vc x l d liu a phng tin pht trin cc thut ton mi v hiu qu cho cc chun nn nh v Video hin i nh: JPEG2000, H.264, H.264 , SVC. Hin ti c rt nhiu cc b Codec chuyn dng cho s l nh v Video theo cc chun Quc t qui nh. Cc chun ny bn cnh vic phc v hiu qu v thng xuyn cho cc nhu cu ca thc t th vn tng ngy khng ngng c nng cp v i hi b sung thm nhiu cc thut ton mi v hiu qu hn na. Vi mc tiu pht trin thm nhiu thut ton mi, ng gp cho cc chun nn nh v Video

mi pht trin trong thi gian ti. Nhm nghin cu: TS. inh Triu Dng (ch tr). Hp tc chnh: M.-C. Hwang, B.-D. Choi, J.-H. Kim, v S.-J. Ko (Korea University, Korea). 2) Truyn thng a phng tin

Hng nghin cu v truyn thng a phng tin kt hp cc tng x l trong m hnh 7 lp, nng cao yu cu p ng cht lng dch v trong cc mng truyn thng: hu tuyn v v tuyn: C th l kt hp tng x l lp cao nh Application layer vi cc tng thp hn: Transport layer, Link layer, Physical layer nhm lm tng kh nng thch ng knh truyn, chng li, m bo b mt thng tin, v.v. cho lung Audio/Video stream truyn trn knh. y cng l hng quan trng chng ti trin khai, nht l khi chng ta ang sng trong thi i ca cc h thng tin di ng hin i 3G/4G vi yu cu cao ca QoS v d liu a phng tin. Nhm nghin cu: TS. inh Triu Dng (ch tr). Hp tc chnh: M.-C. Hwang, B.-D. Choi, J.-H. Kim, v S.-J. Ko (Korea University, Korea). G. 1) Cc gii thut x l tn hiu, hnh nh Ly mu nn

Mt s t ph mi y trong cc lnh vc l thuyt thng tin v x l tn hiu di tn gi ly mu nn (compressed sensing), c xut nm 2006, ch ra rng mt tn hiu ri rc di hu hn c tnh tha tht hay kh nn c th khi phc c t mt s lng nh cc s o c thu nhn mt cch tuyn tnh, phi thch nghi v ngu nhin. iu ny c tm quan trng cng nh li ch v cng to ln bi v: (i) s lng cc s o thu nhn bi phng php ly mu nn nh hn nhiu so vi s lng thu nhn theo cch m chng ta vn bit, theo tn s Nyquist, l phng php cho ti gn y vn thng tr trong th gii s, v (ii) nhiu loi tn hiu c quan tm, bao gm nh ca cc khung cnh t nhin, nh s dng trong chn on y hc, video, ting ni v m nhc, v.v. u c tnh tha tht trong nhng min biu din tn hiu thch hp. Ly mu nn l mt ch nghin cu ang nng hi, ng thi ngy cng tm thy nhiu ng dng mi. Khng ch l thuyt v ly mu nn ang c lm xy dng mt cch nhanh chng, nhiu mu thit b phn cng cng c pht trin.

Nhm nghin cu v ly mu nn tp trung vo phng php ly mu nn tt nh, trong ma trn o tn hiu c cc phn t l tt nh, khc vi a phn cc nghin cu trn th gii l cc phn t ngu nhin. iu ny cho php Mt kt qu c th l xut mt loi b lc tt nh cho ly mu nn, gi l b lc hn lon (chaotic filter). Cc h s ca b lc c to ra bi qu trnh hn lon c mt s tnh cht tng t nh qu trnh ngu nhin nhng li c to ra mt cch tt nh thng qua cc h thng c phi tuyn cao. Cng trong hng p dng cho MRI, nhm cn nghin cu s thit k ma trn o vi cc phn t l cc loi tn hiu c bit nhm xut cc phng php hu hiu hn trong to nh nhanh. Bn cnh ng dng MRI, nhm cng ang nghin cu ly mu nn cho vin thng, trn nn tng m mng (network coding), l mt khi nim c xng nm 2000. Nhm nghin cu:

Nhiu trong thng tin v tuyn 1. Nhiutrng(Whitenoise)

Nhiu trng l mt tn hiu ngu nhin c mt phn b cng sut phng ngha l tn hiu nhiu c cng sut bng nhau trong ton khong bng thng. Tn hiu ny c tn l nhiu trng v n c tnh cht tng t vi nh sng trng. Chng ta khng th to ra nhiu trng theo ng l thuyt v theo nh ngha ca n, nhiu trng c mt ph cng sut phn b trong khong tn v hn v do vy n cng phi c cng sut v hn. Tuy nhin, trong thc t, chng ta ch cn to ra nhiu trng trong khong bng tn ca h thng chng ta ang xem xt.

Lu rng nhiu Gaussian (nhiu c phn b bin theo hm Gaussian) khng phi l nhiu trng. T "Gaussan" cp n phn b xc sut i vi gi tr ( ln) trong khi t "While" cp n ci cch phn b cng sut tn hiu trong min thi gian hoc tn s. 2. Nhiu lin k t ISI (Inter symbol interference)

Trong mi trng truyn dn v tuyn, nhiu xuyn k t (ISI) gy bi tn hiu phn x c thi gian tr khc nhau t cc hng khc nhau t pht n thu l iu khng th trnh khi. nh hng ny s lm bin dng hon ton mu tn hiu khin bn thu khng th khi phc li c tn hiu gc ban u. Cc k thut s dng tri ph trc tip DS-CDMA nh trong chun 802.11b rt d b nh hng bi nhiu a ng v thi gian tr c th vt qu khong thi gian ca mt k t. OFDM s dng k thut truyn song song nhiu bng tn con nn ko di thi gian truyn mt k t ln nhiu ln. Ngoi ra, OFDM cn chn thm mt khong bo v (guard interval - GI), thng ln hn thi gian tr ti a ca knh truyn, gia hai k t nn nhiu ISI c th b loi b hon ton 3. Nhiu lin knh ICI (Interchannel Interference) Nhiu xuyn knh gy ra do cc thit b pht trn cc knh lin nhau Nhiu lin knh thng xy ra do tn hiu truyn trn knh v tuyn b dch tn gy can nhiu sang cc knh k n. loi b nhiu xuyn knh ngi ta phi c khong bo v (guard band) gia cc di tn.

Hnh

3:

Nhiu

xuyn ng

knh

gia

hai

sng

mang

nhau

4.

Nhiu

knh

(Co-Channel

Interference)

Nhiu ng knh xy ra khi c hai my pht trn cng mt tn s hoc trn cng mt knh. My thu iu chnh knh ny s thu c c hai tn hiu vi cng ph thuc vo v tr ca my thu so vi hai my pht. Nhiu ng knh thng gp trong h thng thng tin s cellular, trong tng hiu sut s dng ph bng cch s dng li tn s. Nh vy c th coi nhiu ng knh trong h thng cellular l nhiu gy nn do cc cell s dng cng 1 knh tn s. Nhiu ng knh lin quan ti vic s dng tn s. C th v d trong mng GSM: Trong mng GSM, mi trm BTS c cp pht mt nhm tn s v tuyn. Cc trm thu pht gc BTS ln cn c cp pht cc nhm knh v tuyn khng trng vi cc knh ca BTS lin k. c trng cho loi nhiu ny l t s sng mang trn nhiu (C/I). T s ny c nh ngha l cng tn hiu mong mun trn cng tn hiu nhiu sau lc cao tn v n th hin mi quan h gia cng tn hiu mong mun so vi

nhiu ng knh t cc BTS khc. Mt s gii php hn ch loi nhiu ng knh trong cc h thng cellular nh sau:

Khng th dng b lc loi b giao thoa ny do cc my pht s dng cng mt tn s. Ch c th ti thiu ha nhiu ng knh bng cch thit k mng cellular ph hp. Tc l thit k sao cho cc cell trong mng c s dng cng nhm tn s khng nh hng ti nhau=>khong cch cc cell cng tn s phi ln.

Hnh

4:

Nhiu

ng

knh

trong

thng

cellular

5. Nhiu a truy nhp (Multiple Access Interference). Nhiu a truy nhp l nhiu do cc tn hiu ca cc user giao thoa vi nhau, l yu t nh hng trc tip n dung lng ca h thng.

Trong cc h thng a truy nhp: TDMA: a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian Trong TDMA l s giao thoa ca cc tn hiu khe thi gian ny vi khe thi gian khc do s khng hon ton ng b gy ra. Ngi ta phi c khong bo v (guard time) gim xc sut ngi dng b giao thoa nhng cng ng thi lm gim hiu sut s dng ph FDMA: a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s Cc hiu ng Doppler lm dch ph tn s dn n c s giao thoa gia cc di tn con Guard band gim xc xut giao thoa gia cc knh k nhau =>gim hiu sut s dng ph CDMA: a truy nhp phn chia theo m Trong CDMA ngi ta s dng tnh trc giao ca m nn hu nh khng c nhiu gia cc user. DS CDMA: a truy nhp phn chia theo m chui trc tip. Theo nhng nghin cu gn y, phng thc a truy nhp phn chia theo m chui trc tip DS-CDMA (Direct Sequence Code Division Multiplexing Access) da vo vic tri ph dng d liu bng cch s dng mt m tri ph c n nh cho mi ngi s dng trong min thi gian.Kh nng gim thiu nhiu a truy nhp MAI (Multiple Access Interference) da vo tnh tng quan cho ca m tri ph. Trong trng hp truyn a ng i hi rt kht khe ca vin thng di ng, kh nng phn bit mt tn hiu thnh phn t nhiu thnh phn khc trong tn hiu thu tng hp c cung cp bi tnh t tng quan ca m tri ph. My thu RAKE c cha nhiu b tng quan, mi b tng quan c ni vi mt dng dn c kh nng phn gi khc nhau. V vy hot ng ca h thng DS-CDMA s ph thuc nhiu vo s lng ngi s dng thc t, c trng ca knh v s lng cc nhnh c dng trong my thu RAKE. Cng v l do ny m dung lng ca h thng s b hn ch do nhiu ni (selfinterference) v MAI m nguyn nhn l s cha hon chnh ca tnh t tng quan cng nh tnh tng quan cho ca m tri ph. iu ny gy ra kh khn cho h thng DSCDMA trong vic s dng y nng lng tn hiu thu b phn tn trong min thi gian.

Ngun http://4tech.com.vn B xung thm ngoi nhiu ng knh th lun cn xt ti c nhiu cn knh ACI (Adjacent Channel Interference) : Nguyn nhn l do cc tn hiu c tn s khc nhau (ph nhng khong khc nhau) nhng m lc khng tt, ui ph chm sang c cc tn s xung quanh. Thc ra chng c b lc no hon ho c, kiu g cng c nhiu sang cc bn nhng m nhiu ny m qu ln vt qu tiu chun cho php th s gy nh hng.