QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1. Describe the type of meter movement used in analog meters.

The pointer deflects the current flows through the circuit because the coil experiences a torque and rotates, resulting the deflection of the pointer. The direction of the pointer changes with the change in the direction of current flow. 2. What device is used to extend the range of a DC ammeter and how is it connected to the basic meter? For an ammeter, to extend the range, a resistor must be added in circuits parallel to the ammeter to adjust the current flow but not affecting the voltage. This device is called shunt. 3. What device is used to extend the range of a DC voltmeter and how is it connected to the basic meter? A resistor is added on the circuits to extend the range of dc voltmeter. It will then affect the voltage in the voltmeter but not the current. Adding a resistor with the same resistance with the voltmeter, the range will be doubled. This device is sometimes called multiplier resistor. 4. Why is it necessary that an ammeter be a low resistance instrument? Why must a voltmeter be a high resistance instrument? Meters are not supposed to alter the behavior of the circuit, or at least not significantly, and it follows that an ammeter must have a very low resistance since it is connected in series. Likewise, the voltmeter provides a parallel path, thus, it should take little current as possible. In other words a voltmeter should have high resistance. 5. What type of basic meter is configured as a wattmeter? There are two coils in a wattmeter. One coil is placed in series with the circuit and the other one is placed in parallel with the circuit. The deflection of the pointer will be proportional to both coil resulting to the magnitude of power, which follows the P=VI. 6. Two 150V voltmeters are being compared; meter A has 5k/V while meter B has a total meter resistance of 750k. Which is he more sensitive meter? Why? Both 150V voltmeters have the same sensitivity of 5k/V. The sensitivity of a voltmeter is determined by dividing the total resistance of the voltmeter by the full scale voltage reading of the voltmeter. Since Meter B has a resistance of 750k, dividing it by 150V will have a sensitivity of 5k/V, which is equal to that of Meter A. 7. What current is required for full scale deflection of a galvanometer having a current sensitivity of 50A per scale division? The meter has exactly 50 divisions on either side of the mid-scale index.

8. What potential difference appears across the galvanometer described in problem 6 when the pointer is fully deflected? The meter resistance is 10.

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9. Determine the series resistance needed to convert a galvanometer to a voltmeter reading 15V on full scale deflection if a current of 2.5mA causes full scale deflection and the resistance of the coil is 10. ( )

10. Determine the shunt resistance needed to convert a galvanometer to an ammeter with a full scale reading of 10A if the scale requires 2.5mA to cause full deflection with a coil resistance of 10. ( )( )