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Tit 1: N TP U NM
Ngy son: 31/09/2007 A. Mc tiu bi ging I. Kin Thc n tp c s l thuyt ha hc v : - Nguyn t, lin kt ha hc - nh lut tun hon, bng tun hon - Phn ng oxi ha - kh - Tc phn ng v cn bng ha hc. II. K Nng - Lp phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng oxi ha - kh bng phng php thng bng eleectron. - Gii mt s bi tp c bn nh xc nh thnh phn hn hp, bi tp cht kh - Luyn tp cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc nh phng php bo ton, phng php trung bnh, phng php i s, III. Tnh Cm Thi - Rn thi lm vic khoa hc, nghim tc, cn thn v sng to trong hc tp - Xy dng thi hc tp tch cc, ch ng, hp tc, c k hoch. - To c s cho hc sinh yu thch mn ha hc B. dng hc tp phng php I. dng hc tp 1. Gio vin Gio n, h thng cu hi n tp 2. Hc sinh - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc - n tp li cc kin thc ha hc lp 10 II. Phng php - Tng cng cc hot ng tho lun nhm, tranh lun gia cc nhm nhm hiu su sc hn nhng c s l thuyt ha hc. C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Hot ng 1 n nh t chc lp - kim tra s s Hot ng 2 Vo bi Tit 1: n tp u nm I. Cu to nguyn t v HTTH cc nguyn t ha hc Hot ng 3 1) Cu to nguyn t (?) Hy nhc li thnh phn cu to - Nguyn t gm: nguyn t ? + Ht nhn mang in tch dng (1+)
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Hot ng ca hc sinh Cu to bi 2 loi ht: proton v ntron. + Lp v mang in tch m (1-), cha cc electron chuyn ng khng qu o vi vn tc rt ln. (?) S khi c tnh nh th no? - S khi (A) c tnh bng tng s ht proton (Z) v tng s ht ntron (N) A = Z + N. (?) Th no l cu hnh electron ca - Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t biu nguyn t ? din s phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc nhau (?) Hy nu cc mc nng lng ca - Mc nng lng t thp ln cao: electron t thp n cao ? 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p.. (?) Yu cu HS vit cu hnh e ca 20Ca; HS nu VD: 2 2 6 2 6 2 17Cl; 10Ne v cho bit nguyn t no l 20Ca: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s . kim loi, nguyn t no l phi kim v l l kim loi. 2 2 6 2 5 nguyn t kh him l phi kim. 17Cl: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 2 2 6 l kh him. 10Ne: 1s 2s 2p Hot ng 4 2) H thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc 10 (?) Nguyn tc sp xp bng h thng + HS nu cc nguyn tc sp xp bng tun hon ? tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc - Nguyn tc 1: cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca din tch ht nhn nguyn t. - Nguyn tc 2: cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron c xp vo cng 1 hng - Nguyn tc 3: cc nguyn t c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (s e ha tr) tng t nhau c xp vo cng 1 ct. (?) Th no l chu k ? Cho VD? + HS nu khi nim - Chu k l dy nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn. VD: 11Na 1s22s2sp63s1 2 2 6 2 1 13Al 1s s2 2p 3s 3s chng cng chu k 3. (?) Nu khi nim nhm ? Cho v d ? - Nhm l tp hp cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cu hnh electron tng t nhau, do c tnh cht ha hc gn ging nhau v c sp xp thnh mt ct. VD: 16S: 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p4
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Hot ng ca hc sinh 1s2 2s22p4 8O: u thuc nhm VI. Hot ng 5 II. Lin kt ha hc 5 (?) Mc ch ca vic cc nguyn t to - Cc nguyn t khi tham gia lin kt u lin kt ho hc l lm g? mong mun t ti cu hnh bn ging kh him gn n nht. (?) C my loi lin kt ho hc? - C 2 loi lin kt ha hc l: (?) Cc loi c hnh thnh nh th + Lin kt ion: c hnh thnh bi lc no? ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tch tri du. V d: NaCl, CaSO4 + Lin kt cng ha tr: l lin kt c to nn gia hai nguyn t bng mt hay nhiu cp e chung. (?) HS ly v d v cc loi lin kt cng lin kt cng ho tr khng cc: l lin ho tr khng phn cc, phn cc, cho kt m cc cp e chung khng b lch v nhn v lin kt ion ? pha nguyn t no. VD: H2; N2 lin kt cng ho tr c cc: cp e GV nhn mnh: chung b lch v pha mt nguyn t no. - Khng c ranh gii r rng trong vic VD: HCl, HI phn chia lin kt cng ho tr v lin kt ion. - C th coi lin kt cng ho tr c cc l loi lin kt chuyn tip gia lin kt cng ho tr khng cc v lin kt ion. Hot ng 6 III. Phn ng oxi ha - kh (?) Th no l cht oxi ha (cht b kh), - Cht oxi ha l cht thu electron cht kh (cht b oxi ha)? - Cht Kh l cht nhng electron (?) Th no l qu trnh oxi ha (s oxi - Qu trnh oxi ha l qu trnh nhng e ha) v qu trnh kh (s kh) ? - Qu trnh kh l qu trnh thu e (?) Nguyn tc v cc bc cn bng - Nguyn tc: Tng s e do cht kh phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng theo nhng bng tng s e m cht oxi ha phng php thng bng electron ? nhn. P + O2 P2 O5 C 4 bc lp phng trnh ha hc + Xc nh s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t trong phn ng tm cht oxi ha - kh + Vit qu trnh oxi ha qu trnh kh + Tm h s thch hp cho cht oxi ha kh. + t cc h s ca cht oxi ha - cht kh vo s phn ng.Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh
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Hot ng 7 IV. Cn bng ha hc 5 (?) Cn bng ho hc l g? - Cn bng ho hc l 1 trng thi ca phn ng ho hc m ti vt=vn (?) Nhng yu t no nh hng n tc - Nng tng th V pu phn ng ? - p sut: P nng cht kh tng, nn V pu - Nhit : t 0 V pu - Din tch b mt tng V pu - Cht xc tc lm tng tc phn ng (?) C nguyn l no gip chng ta xc - Nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng Le nh trc s chuyn dch cn bng khi Chatelier: c tc ng vo h? Nu ni dung Mt phn ng thun nghch ang nguyn l? trng thi cn bng khi chi mt tc ng t bn ngoi nh bin i nng , p (?) Yu cu HS cn bng cc phng sut, nhit th cn bng s chuyn dch trnh sau: theo chiu lm gim tc bn ngoi t Fe + HNO3 Fe( NO3 )3 + NO3 + H2 O . VD: SO2 + O2 SO3 Hot ng 8 Cng c kin thc Hng dn n tp - Nhn mnh li nhng kin thc quan - Lng nghe trng ca bi ging. - Nhn mnh vai tr ca cc c s l thuyt ha hc: Cho php hc sinh hiu bn cht cc qu trnh ha hc, cch tc ng vo qu trnh theo chiu hng c li cho con ngi. - Hng dn HS v n tp cc kin thc - n li cc kin thc theo s hng dn phn nhm halogen, oxi v lu hunh ca gio vin
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RT KINH NGHIM SAU GI DY

Tit 2: N TP U NM (tip)
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Ngy son: 31/08/2007 A. Mc tiu bi ging I. Kin thc - H thng ha tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca cc n cht v hp cht ca cc nguyn t ha hc nhm halogen, oxi v lu hunh - Vn dng c s l thuyt ha hc khi n tp nhm halogen, oxi v lu hunh, chun b nghin cu cc nguyn t nit photpho v acacbon silic. II. K nng III. Thai - tnh cm - Rn luyn thi lm vic nghim tc, khoa hc - Xy dng thi hc tp tch cc, ch ng sng to, c k hoch - To c s cho hc sinh cm thy yu thch mn ha hc B. dung Phng Php I. dng 1) Gio vin - Gio n, h thng cu hi n tp 1) Hc sinh - n tp cc kin thc ha hc m GV nu tit trc II. Phng php C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1 n nh t chc lp - kim tra s s Hot ng 2 Vo bi Tit 2: n tp u nm (tip) A. L thuyt Hot ng 3 I. Nhm halogen (?) Trng thi tn ti ca cc halogen ? - Ty vo tng halogen: T th kh (Cl2) sang th lng (Br2) v th rn (I2). (?) Nhng tnh cht ha hc ca cc - Tnh cht ha hc: halogen ? Nu v d minh ha ? + Tc dng vi kim loi + Tc dng vi hiro + Tc dng vi nc + Tc dng vi dung dch mi halogen yu hn + Tc dng vi dung dch kim Hot ng ca gio vin
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(?) Nu mt s hp cht quan ca - Mt s hp cht quan trng ca halogen ? halogen + Axit ca halogen + Mui ca halogen (?) Halogen c th to ra my loi axit ? - C th to ra 2 loi axit Nu v d ? + Axit khng c hiron: HF, HCl, HBr, HI + Axit c cha oxi: HXOm nh HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4. (?) Nhng tnh cht ha hc quan trng - Tnh cht ho hc ca axit halogenua: ca axit halogenua. Nu v d minh ha + i mu qu tm. cc tnh cht ? + Tc dng vi kim loi trc H. + Tc dng vi oxit bazo. + Tc dng vi baz. + Tc dng vi mui. + Cc axit HX cn c tnh kh, tc dng vi cc cht oxi ho. (?) Cc mui ca halogen iu kin - Cc mui ca halogen u th rn. thng tn ti th g? Cc mui - Cc mui halogenua dng X- hu ht halogenua c d tan trong nc khng? u tan, tr mui ca Ag+, Pb2+ l khng tan hoc t tan. (?) Nu cc tnh cht ho hc c bn ca - Cc mui tan c y tnh cht ca 1 mui? mui tan thng thng. + Tc dng vi baz tan. + Tc dng vi axit. + Tc dng vi mui tan khc. + Tc dng vi halogen mnh hn. Hot ng 4 Cc nguyn t phn nhm chnh nhm VIA (?) 2 nguyn t u tin trong dy phn - Chng l cc phi kim tng i mnh, nhm chnh VA c cng trng thi chng trnh ph thng ch nghin cu khng? oxi v lu hunh. - iu kin thng oxi tn ti th kh, cn lu hunh th rn. (?) Yu cu hc sinh v nh lp bng so - HS ghi ni dung v nh so snh snh sau vo v bi tp: Ni dung Oxi Lu hunh V tr trong bng TH c im lp e ngoi cng Tnh cht ha hc (?) Yu cu HS nu tn mt s mui ca - K tn mt s mui: FeS, Na2SO3, CaSO4, lu hunh v v nh lp bng sau: - V nh lp bng
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Hot ng ca gio vin STT 1 2 3 4 Cht SO2 SO3 H2S H2SO4 Tnh cht ha hc STT 1 2 3 4

Hot ng ca hc sinh Cht SO2 SO3 H2S H2SO4 Tnh cht ha hc

Hot ng 5 Cng c kin thc - Hng dn hc bi (?) Yu cu HS nhc li nhng kin thc HS nhc li cc kin thc trng tm ca bi hc GV nhc HS v xem trc bi bi in li HS v nh xem trc bi chun b cho chng I bi hc mi RT KINH NGHIM SAU GI DY

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CHNG I S IN LI
Tit 1: S in li Ngy son: 03/09/2007 A. Mc tiu bi ging I. Kin thc - Hc sinh bit v khi nim s in li, cht in li, cht in li mnh, cht in li yu - Hiu nguyn nhn v tnh dn in ca dung dch cht in li - Hiu c c ch ca qu trnh in li II. K nng - Rn luyn k nng thc hnh: Quan st th nghim, so snh - Rn luyn kh nng lp lun logic rt ra c kt lun v tnh dn in ca dung dch cht in li - Phn bit c cht in l, cht khng in li, cht in li mnh, cht in li yu - Vit phng trnh in li ca cht in li mnh, cht in li yu III. Thi - tnh cm B. Chun b I. dng 1. Gio vin - Dng c th nghim: 6 cc thy tinh. - Ha cht th nghim o dn in: mui n khan, nc ct, dung dch HCl, NaOH, NaCl, C2H5OH, C12H22O11 (saccarozo) - Tranh v (hnh 1.1 SGK) nu c 2. Hc sinh - Xem li hin tng dn in c hc trong chng trnh vt l lp 7. II. Phng php - Dy hc nu vn - S dng th nghim theo phng php nghin cu C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Hot ng 1 n nh t chc lp - kim tra s s Hot ng 2 Vo bi Tit 1: S in li Hot ng 3 I. Hin tng in li 1. Th nghim
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Hot ng ca hc sinh GV hng dn HS cch dng b dng c th hin th nghim hnh 1.1 SGK pht hin ra mt dung dch hay mt cht c dn in hay khng. GV cho HS lm th nghim, sau nhn xt v rt ra kt lun ? GV hng dn HS kt lun v kh nng dn in ca cc cht

Hot ng ca gio vin HS a ra nhn xt: + Dung dch NaCl, HCl, NaOH dn in + Cn dung dch Saccarozo v nc ct khng dn in.

Kt lun: - Dung dch mui, axit, baz dn in - Cc cht rn khan: NaCl, NaOH v mt s dung dch: ru, ng khng c kh nng dn in Hot ng 4 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, baz, mui trong nc (?) Da vo cc kin thc hc em hy HS vn dng kin thc dng in hc cho bit iu kin no cho mt dung mn vt l tr li: dch, mt vt dn c in ? - C phn t mang in tch chuyn GV dn dt: Kim loi l cht dn in, ng t do cc phn t mang in trong kim loi l - Khi c dng in cc phn t mang cc e. Dung dch mui, axit, baz dn in chuyn ng theo mt hng nht in, vy trong cc dung dch ny c nh. phn t mang in. l nhng phn t no ? HS: tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, GV gii thiu b xung: baz, mui l do trong dung dch ca + Ngi ta gi qu trnh phn li cc cht chng c cc tiu phn mang in tch trong nc ra ion l s in li gi l cc ion. Cc phn t axit, mui, + Nhng cht tan trong nc phn li ra baz khi ta trong nc phn li thnh cc ion c gi l nhng cht in li ion. + S in li c biu din bng phng trnh in li. NaCl Na + + Cl Gv hng dn HS vit cc phng trnh HCl H + + Cl in li ca cc cht NaCl, HCl, NaOH NaOH Na + + OH trong dung dch ? Hot ng 5 II. S phn loi cc cht in li 1. Th nghim GV cho HS lm th nghim kim chng HS a ra nhn xt: s dn din ca dd HCl 0,1M v - n cc dung dch HCl sng hn so CH3COOH 0,1M. vi bng n cc ng dd CH3COOH. (?) Ti sao dd HCl 0,1M dn din mnh - Do nng ion trong dung dch HCl hn dd CH3COOH 0,1M ? ln hn nng ion trong dung dch GV nhn mnh: da vo mc phn li CH3COOH, ngha l s phn t HCl ra ion ca cc cht din li khc nhau, phn li ra mnh hn s phn t ngi ta chia thnh cht in li mnh, CH3COOH phn li ra ion. cht in li yu.
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Hot ng ca gio vin

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 6 2. Cht in li mnh v cht in li yu a. Cht in li mnh (?) Th no l cht in li mnh? ly vd? L cht khi ta trong nc, cc phn t GV gi HS rt ra khi nim v cht ha ta. in li mnh: Tinh th phn t NaCl Cht in li mnh gm: dng lin kt ion, cc ion dng v ion + Cc axit mnh: HCl, HNO3, HClO4, m c phn b lun phin nhau u + Cc bazo mnh: NaOH, KOH, n ti cc nt mng. Ba(OH)2, Gv b xung: trong phng trnh in li + Hu ht cc mui ca cht in li mnh, ngi ta dng ch chiu ca qu trnh in li. NaCl Na + + Cl (?) Khi cho cc tinh th NaCl vo nc th c hin tng g xy ra ? GV a ra kt lun: Di tc dng ca cc phn t nc phn cc. Cc ion Na+ v Cl- tc ra khi tinh th i vo dung dch. NaCl Na + + Cl Hot ng 7 b. Cht in li yu (?) th no l cht in li yu? ly v d. L cht khi tan trong nc ch c mt GV b xung: Trong phng trnh in li phn s phn t phn li ra ion, phn cn yu, ngi ta dng cho bit qu li vn cn tn ti di dng phn t trong dung dch. trnh in li xy ra c hai chiu. Cht in li yu gm: + axit yu: CH3COOH, H2S, HCN, HClO, CH 3COOH CH3COO- + H + (?) Vit qu trnh in li ca CH3COOH GV b xung: Cn bng in li l cn bng ng, n ging nh mi cn bng khc, n cng tun theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng L-sa-t-li-e. Hot ng 8 Cng c kin thc - hng dn hc - GV nhn mnh nhng kin thc quan HS lng nghe v ghi nh trng trong bi hc. - GV yu cu HS v nh tr li cc cu HS v nh tr li cc cu hi v lm cc hi 1, 2 v lm cc bi tp 3, 4, 5 SGK bi tp trong SGK Tr.7 - Yu cu HS bi 2 SGK Tr.8 Bi tp tham kho 1. Nc nguyn cht khng dn in nhng khi dy in b t ri xung h ao, rnh nc, ngi chm vo nc li b git. Hy gii thch ti sao ?
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RT KINH NGHIM SAU GI DY

Tit 4 : AXIT BAZ V MUI Ngy son: A. Mc tiu bi ging I. Kin thc HS bit c th no l axit, baz, hiddrroxit lng tnh v mui theo thuyt A-rli-ut II. K nng HS vit c phng trnh in li ca mt s axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh v mui. III. Tnh cm thi B. Chun b I. dng hc tp 1. Gio vin Gio n, h thng cu hi 2. Hc sinh II. Phng php C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng 1 n nh t chc lp - kim tra s s Hot ng 2 Vo bi Tit 4: AXIT - BAZ - MUI Hot ng 3 I. Axit 1. nh ngha (?) Vit cc phng trnh in li ca casHCl, CH3COOH trong dung dch ? GV hng dn HS nhn xt qu trnh phn li ny c c im g chung ? (?) da vo SGK em hy cho bit nh ngha ca axit theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut.

Hot ng ca hc sinh

HS:

HCl H + + Cl CH 3COOH CH3 COO + H +

HS tho lun => u c mt cation H+ nh ngha: Axit l cht khi tan trong nc in li ra cation H+.

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Hot ng 4

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