LATERAL THINKING SKILLS

Lateral thinking, is the ability to think creatively, or "outside the box" as it is sometimes referred to in business, to use your inspiration and imagination to solve problems by looking at them from unexpected perspectives. Lateral thinking involves discarding the obvious, leaving behind traditional modes of thought, and throwing away preconceptions. It's very important in careers such as advertising, marketing, the media and art and design where you may get questions in the selection process along the lines of "Write down one hundred ways to use a brick/paperclip", but it can also be of value in the jobhunting process itself.

Lateral thinking in the jobhunting process

A number of graduates have tried the old and hackneyed methods of trying to gain the selector's attention, such as enclosing a tea bag with their application, so that the selector could take a break to have a cup of tea before reading it. Others have send their CV to newspapers in a magazine format, but below are a couple of truly original approaches: A graduate had been trying to get into investment banking, but without success and had exhausted all the normal routes. As a last resort, he had 100 postcard-sized CVs printed. He then went round the "Square Mile" in the City, where all the main financial organisations in London are located and proceeded to place one of these CVs under the windscreen of every Rolls Royce and top of the range BMW and Mercedes he came across. Next day, he had several 'phone calls offering him interviews from the senior executives whom the cars belonged to. Note that we are not advocating this approach: one graduate jobseeker put up 200 poster sized CVs around Hull and ended up being fined for bill posting! A student wanted to become a trainee journalist on her local newspaper. She decided to carefully analyse the content of the paper and compared it with similar local papers. She conducted a small survey of readers' opinions on the paper by interviewing passers-by in the city centre. Using this information, she drew up a list of possible changes to the paper, wrote a sample article to show what she had in mind and sent these to the editor. The editor invited her in to discuss her suggestions - they had a long discussion and the next vacancy that arose was offered to her without competition. One New York graduate who wished to work in a top advertising agency Googled the names of the creative directors of these agencies and then spent just six dollars on a set of Google ads that

were triggered when the directors searched for their own names. The adverts said "Hey, (creative directors name), Googling yourself is a lot of fun. Hiring me is fun, too" Of the five directors he targeted, four gave him an interview and two offered him a job. For more examples of lateral thinking in jobhunting see our Creative Careers Search page

Lateral Thinking Quiz

The following questions will test your ability to think laterally. If you get more than 50% of these right you're certainly strong on your lateral thinking skills (or maybe you're just good at quizzes!) 1. A graduate applying for pilot training with a major airline was asked what he would do if, after a long-haul flight to Sydney, he met the captain wearing a dress in the hotel bar. What would you do? 2. What can you hold in your right hand, but not in your left? 3. If you have two coins totaling 11p, and one of the coins is not a penny, what are the two coins? 4. How many animals of each species did Moses take into the Ark? Jackie Stewart, three times World 5. A man built a rectangular house, each side Champion Formula One racing having a southern view. He spotted a bear. driver had undiagnosed dyslexia and What colour was the bear? was unable to complete his school 6. If you were alone in a deserted house at education. He said: When youve night, and there was an oil lamp, a candle got dyslexia and you find something and firewood and you only have one youre good at, you put more into it match, which would you light first? than anyone else; you cant think the 7. What can you put in a wooden box that way of the clever folk, so youre would make it lighter? The more of them always thinking out of the box." you put in the lighter it becomes, yet the box stays empty. 8. Which side of a cat contains the most hair? 9. The 60th and 62nd British Prime Ministers of the UK had the same mother and father, but were not brothers. How do you account for this? 10. How many birthdays does a typical woman have? "The fear of making a mistake, of risking an error, or of being told you are wrong is constantly with us. And thats a shame. Making mistakes is not the same thing as being creative, but if you are not willing to make mistakes, then it is impossible to be truly creative. I f your state of mind

11. Why can't a man living in Canterbury be is coming from a place of fear and buried west of the River Stour? risk avoidance, then you will always 12. Divide 40 by half and add ten. What is the settle for the safe solutionsthe answer? solutions already applied many 13. To the nearest cubic centimetre, how much times before. soil is there in a 3m x 2m x 2m hole? 14. Is it legal for a man to marry his widow's Failing is ne, necessary in fact. But sister? avoiding experimentation or risk 15. If you drove a coach leaving Canterbury especially out of fear of what others with 35 passengers, dropped off 6 and may thinkis something that will picked up 2 at Faversham, picked up 9 gnaw at your gut more than any more at Sittingbourne, dropped off 3 at ephemeral failure. A failure is in the Chatham, and then drove on to arrive in past. Its done and over. In fact, it London 40 minutes later, what would the doesnt exist. But worrying about name of the driver be? what might be if or what 16. A woman lives on the tenth floor of a might have been if I had are block of flats. Every morning she takes the pieces of baggage you carry around lift down to the ground floor and goes to daily. Theyre heavy, and theyll kill work. In the evening, she gets into the lift, your creative spirit. Take chances and, if there is someone else in the lift she and stretch yourself. Youre only goes back to her floor directly. Otherwise, here on this planet once, and for a she goes to the eighth floor and walks up very short time at that. Why not just two flights of stairs to her flat. How do see how gifted you are?" you explain this? 17. A window cleaner is cleaning the windows Daniel Garr - Presentation Zen on the 25th floor of a skyscraper, when he slips and falls. He is not wearing a safety harness and nothing slows his fall, yet he suffered no injuries. Explain. 18. The band of stars across the night sky is called the "...... Way"? 19. Yogurt is made from fermented ........ 20. What do cows drink? 21. A farmer has 15 cows, all but 8 die. How many does he have left? I once visited a major pharmaceutical company to discuss their graduate recruitment for marketing. They told me that one of the key attributes they looked for was Helicopter Ability: the ability to soar above a problem and to see all aspects of it, to stand back and see the bigger picture, the wood rather than the trees. Creativity involves being able to think outside the box to nd solutions to

22. If a red house is made of red bricks, and a unpredictable problems. This needs blue house is made of blue bricks, what is logic and analysis, but also the a green house made of? ability to see the big-picture and this 23. In what sport are the shoes made of metal? involves a creative mind. 24. The Zorganian Republic has some very strange customs. Couples only wish to have female children as only females can inherit the family's wealth, so if they have a male child they keep having more children until they have a girl. If they have a girl, they stop having children. What is the ratio of girls to boys in Zorgania? 25. If a plane crashes on the Italian/Swiss border, where do you bury the survivors? 26. If the hour hand of a clock moves 1/60th of a degree every minute, how many degrees will it move in an hour? 27. How many hands does the clock of Big Ben have? 28. How many degrees are there between clock hands at 3.15 pm? 29. How many times do the hands of a clock overlap in 24 hours? 30. John's mother has 3 children, one is named April, one is named May. What is the third one named? 31. You are running in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in? 32. In the same race, if you overtake the last person, then you are in what position? 33. A cowboy rode into town on Friday, spent one night there, and left on Friday. How do you account for this? 34. How can you throw a ball as hard as you can, and make it stop and return to you, without hitting anything and with nothing attached to it? 35. Using just ONE straight cut, how can you cut a rectangular cake into two equal parts when a rectangular piece has already been removed from it? 36. A man went into a store to buy an item. He asked the assistant: "How much does it cost for one?" The assistant replied 2 pounds, Sir" "And how much for 10?" The assistant replied "4" "How much for 100?" He got the reply "6" What was the man buying? 37. A man and his son were in a car crash. The father was killed and the son was taken to hospital with serious injuries. The examining doctor exclaims: "But, this is my son!". How can this be? 38. There are 23 football teams playing in a knockout competition. What is the least number of matches they need to play to decide the winner? 39. Sarah's father has five daughters. The oldest is called Lala, the next Lele, the third Lili, the fourth Lolo. What is the fifth daughter's name? 40. You have to choose between three rooms. The first is full of raging fires The second is full of tigers that havent eaten in 3 years. The third is full of assassins with loaded machine guns. Which room should you choose?

41. Three of the glasses below are filled with orange juice and the other three are empty. By moving just one glass, can you arrange the glasses so that the full and empty glasses alternate?

42. Name three consecutive days in English without using the words Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday 43. What's unusual about this paragraph? Just how quickly you can find out what is so funny about it. It looks fairly ordinary and plain that you might think nothing is wrong with it. In fact, nothing is wrong with it! It is highly curious though. Study it and think about it, but you still may not find anything odd. But if you work at it a bit, you could just find out. 44. Join all the 9 dots on the right using four straight lines or less, without lifting your pen and without tracing the same line more than once. Do copy this onto paper if you wish to make it easier.

One student, desperate to get into advertising, had been rejected by the main London agencies, so he decided to try a different approach. He bought some pink envelopes and a small bottle of expensive perfume. He placed his CV in the envelopes and wrote "Private" on the outside. He liberally sprinkled the envelopes with scent and posted them to the senior agency partner in

several of the biggest agencies. When it arrived, nobody dared to open the letters and the graduate was offered several interviews - presumably for his daring. Note that, we don't recommend this approach!

Answers:
1. Offer to buy her a drink! The captain was of Most of the above are what we call course a woman. Many airlines are now hot on "Insight puzzles". Research by equal opportunities and a candidate who had Schooler and Melcher (University difficulty envisaging that an airline captain might of California) found that people be female would not go very far! who wrote down the puzzles and 2. Your left hand, forearm or elbow. tried to solve them on paper were 3. 10p and 1p - the other coin can be a penny! on average 30% less likely to 4. None. NOAH built the Ark come up with the right solution 5. White. Only at the North Pole can all four walls than those who didn't write it down be facing South. and just solved them in their heads. 6. The match! 7. Holes Writing down the puzzles invokes 8. The outside 9. Churchill was Prime Minister twice, from 1940 to the use of the left side of our brain which deals with verbal and 45 and from 1951 to 55. logical (algorithmic) reasoning, 10. One rather than the right side which 11. Because he is still alive . 12. 90. Dividing by half is the same as multiplying by deals with visual and creative (heuristic) thinking. 2. 13. None - it's a hole! These puzzles tend to require 14. No - because he's dead creative rather than logical 15. YOU are the driver! reasoning to solve them, so we need 16. The woman is of small stature and couldn't reach to use right brain thinking. the upper lift buttons. 17. He was cleaning the inside of the windows. 18. Milky Way 19. Milk 20. Water. After the previous two questions, did you answer milk? 21. Eight 22. Glass 23. Horse racing; or other horse sports 24. About 1 to 1. Any birth will always have a 50% chance of being male or female. 25. You don't bury survivors!

26. One 27. Eight: there are four faces to the clock of Big Ben (see the picture to the right) 28. Not zero degrees as you might at first think. The minute hand will be at 15 minutes (90 degrees clockwise from vertical) but the hour hand will have progressed to one quarter of the distance between 3 pm and 4 pm. Each hour represents 30 degrees (360 / 12), so one quarter of an hour equals 7.5 degrees. So the minute hand will be at 97.5 degrees: a 7.5 degree difference between the hands. 29. 22: the minute hand will go round the dial 24 times, but the hour hand will also complete two circuits. 24 minus 2 equals 22. 30. John 31. If you overtake the second person then you become second. 32. You can't overtake the last person in a race! 33. His horse was named Friday. 34. Go outside and throw it upwards. 35. Cut it horizontally half way up (i.e. parallel to the top) . See right 36. House numbers. 37. The doctor was his mother. Going full circle, this is very similar to the first question. 38. In a knockout competition, every team except the winner is defeated once and once only, so the number of matches is one less than the number of teams in this case 23-1 = 22. 39. Sarah. 40. The second room. Tigers that havent eaten in three years are dead! 41. Pour the juice from the second glass into the fifth. 42. Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. 43. The letter e doesn't appear once in the paragraph. 44. Here is one possible solution. Of course you have to go beyond the boundaries of the square of dots to solve this. Out of interest this particular puzzle is where the expression "to think outside the box" originally came from.

Score

Over 35. You are a true lateral thinking Guru. Edward De Bono would be proud of you. Or maybe you are the man himself. 28 to 34. Very good. 21 to 27. Quite good. 15 to 20. Average. Under 15 - watch The Matrix, The Simpsons and Dr Who a few more times.

The final test!

Pick one of the following cards:

When you have chosen your card, focus carefully on it and keep it clearly in your mind for 15 seconds. Once you have done this scroll down to the bottom of the page. Creative thinking is not a talent, it is a skill that can be learnt. Edward de Bono Intelligence is something we are born with. Thinking is a skill that must be learned. Edward de Bono Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower Steve Jobs (founder of Apple) Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Edison The great composers did not set to

work because they were inspired but became inspired because they were working. Ari Kiev An essential aspect of creativity is not being afraid to fail. Edwin Land Imagination is more important than knowledge. For while knowledge defines all we currently know and understand, imagination points to all we might yet discover and create. Albert Einstein Inventions dont come in Eureka moments: they are the consequence of experts absorbing themselves for so long in their field that they become pregnant with creative energy: deep immersion in an area of expertise. Bounce, by Michael Syed

Here are some web sites which will allow you to take lateral thinking further.

For some more logic problems see our Case Interviews page Timed verbal logical reasoning test Creative Careers Search Page - how to network effectively. Institute of Practitioners in Advertising Diagonal Thinking Self-assessment Tool IPA Copywriting Test The most difficult application forms Can creativity be taught? Edward De Bono: the "inventor" of lateral thinking www.edwdebono.com/debono/lateral.htm

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