I HC KHOA HC T NHIN TP.

HCM
KHOA IN T VIN THNG
-------oOo--------

Bao cao thc tap

N V THC TP
CNG TY IN TON V TRUYN S LIU KVII

Ngi hng dn: - Ks. L Vn Tr

- Ks. Ph ng Qun
Nhm thc tp:

- L Xun Ha

- 0820065

- Vng Cng Khnh - 0820081

- Nguyn Xun Hong - 0820062

Tp. HCM, Thng 9 nm 2011

LI CM N
--------------------

hon thnh kha lun ny, chng em xin t lng bit n su sc n Thy
BI HU PH, tn tnh ng hnh v gip chng em sut qu trnh thc tp.
Chng em chn thnh cm n qu Thy, C trong khoa in T Vin Thng,
Trng i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin TP.HCM tn tnh truyn t kin thc
trong thi gian qua. Vi vn kin thc c tip thu trong qu trnh hc khng ch l
nn tng cho qu trnh thc tp trong mi trng thc t m cn l hnh trang qu
bu chng em bc vo i mt cch vng chc v t tin.
Chng em chn thnh cm n Ban lnh o Cng Ty in Ton V Truyn
S Liu cho php v to iu kin thun li em thc tp ti Trung Tm in
Ton V Truyn S Liu KV2 ti s 34A Pham Ngoc Thach. Chng em xin gi li
cm n n anh Tun v cc anh ch trong phng K Thut tn tnh ch dn chng
em thc tp cng nh gip chng em hon thnh kha thc tp ko di 2 thng ti
Trung Tm VDC2
Cui cng em knh chc qu Thy, C di do sc khe v thnh cng trong
s nghip cao qu. ng knh chc cc C, Ch, Anh, Ch trong Cng Ty in Ton
V Truyn S Liu VDC2 lun di do sc khe, t c nhiu thnh cng tt p
trong cng vic
Trn trng cm n!

TP.HCM, ngy 30 thng 09 nm 2011

SVTH:

1. L Xun Ha

- 0820065

2. Vng Cng Khnh

- 0820081

3.Nguyn Xun Hong

- 0820062

I HC KHOA HC T NHIN
KHOA IN T VIN THNG

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA
VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
Tp.HCM, ngy 20 thng 11 nm 2011

PHIU BO CO THC TP THC T

Nhm sinh vin thc tp:
1. H v tn sinh vin:
Sinh ngy:
2. H v tn sinh vin:
Sinh ngy:
3. H v tn sinh vin:
Sinh ngy:
Chuyn ngnh:

L Xun Ha

Nam/N: Nam

19 / 05 / 1990

MSSV: 0820065

Vng Cng Khnh

Nam/N: Nam

01 / 03 / 1990

MSSV: 0820081

Nguyn Xun Hong

Nam/N: Nam

20 / 10 / 1990

MSSV: 0820062

Mng - Vin thng

Kha: 2008

Thi gian thc tp thc t: t ngy 01 / 08 / 2011 n ngy 30 / 09 / 2011.

Ni thc tp thc t:
Cng Ty in Ton V Truyn S Liu
Trung Tm in Ton Truyn S Liu Khu Vc 2 (VDC2)
a ch: 34A Phm Ngc Thch, P.6, Q.3, TP. H Ch Minh
Ni dung thc tp, cng vic thc t:
Tm hiu Tng quan VOIP (,Codecs,Giao thc,QoS,...).
Tm hiu v SIP (Bn tin SIP, Call flow...) .
Xy dng m hnh thc nghim (Tng i PBX...).
Tm hiu v Mail Sever, Phn tch gi tin vi Wireshark
Kt qu thc tp:
Hiu r hn nhng kin thc c hc ti trng.
Hc tp thm nhng kin thc, kinh nghim ca cc anh ch trong cng ty.
c thy cc thit b hin i ca h thng mng trong qu trnh thc tp.
Hc hi kinh nghim lm vic trong cng ty.
Bit c m hnh hot ng thc t.

- Xy dng v vn hnh theo m hnh.

- Hiu cc gi tin, xem log, bt gi v troubleshoot
Tp.H Ch Minh, ngy 30 thng 9 nm 2011
Ngi bo co
(K tn v ghi h tn)

TRUNG TM IN TON V
TRUYN S LIU KV2 (VDC2)

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA
VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
Tp. H Ch Minh, ngy thng nm

PHIU NHN XT KT QU THC TP

H v tn CBHD thc tp: KS. PH NG QUN

KS. L VN TR
C quan thc tp:

CNG TY IN TON V TRUYN S LIU

Trung Tm in Ton V Truyn S Liu KV2 (VDC2)

a ch: 34A Phm Ngc Thch, P.6, Q.3, TP. H Ch Minh

in thoi: Fax: .
Email: ...Website: ..

Nhm sinh vin thc tp:

1. H v tn sinh vin:
Sinh ngy:
2. H v tn sinh vin:
Sinh ngy:
3. H v tn sinh vin:
Sinh ngy:
Chuyn ngnh:

L Xun Ha

Nam/N: Nam

19 / 05 / 1990

MSSV: 0820065

Vng Cng Khnh

Nam/N: Nam

01 / 03 / 1990

MSSV: 0820081

Nguyn Xun Hong

Nam/N: Nam

20 / 10 / 1990

MSSV: 0820062

Mng - Vin thng

Kha: 2008

Thi gian thc tp thc t: t ngy 01 / 08 / 2011 n ngy 30 / 09 / 2011.

1. Tinh thn lm k lut, thi lm vic: 4 im (Thc hin ni qui c quan, chp
hnh gi gic lm vic, thi giao tip, thc bo v ca cng, thi lm
vic)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
2. Kh nng chuyn mn, nghip v: 3 im (Kh nng p ng nhu cu cng vic,
tin thn cu tin, kh nng xut sng kin trong cng vic)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
3. Kt qu cng tc: 3 im (Mc hon thnh thnh cng vic)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
4. Cc kin khc: 2 im (nu c)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
5. im ngh: (Thang im 10)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
Xc nhn ca c quan
Cn b hng dn
(K tn v ng du)
(K tn v ghi r h tn)

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................................
T.p H Ch Minh, ngy.....thng....nm.......

MC LC
LI CM N ....................................................................................................................... 2
PHIU BO CO THC TP THC T....................................................................... 3
PHIU NHN XT KT QU THC TP .................................................................... 4
Error! Reference source not found. ...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

I - S LC V CNG TY IN TON V TRUYN S LIU VDC2.8

I.1 VDC_Cng bn bc vo k nguyn thng tin ..8
I.2 Cc sn phm dch v chnh ca VDC2.9
I.3 Cc phng ban ca cng ty11
II NHNG NI DUNG KIN THC L THUYT C CNG C.12
II.1 VoIP..12
II.2 S lc v cc giao thc bo hiu.17
II.3 Mt s gii php ng dng m VoIP em li24
II.4 Tng quan v ASTERISK ,FREEPBX,TRIXBOX,ELASTIX27
III- CC M HNH THC NGHIM V CU HNH.27
III.1 Gi ni b trn Trixbox v cu hnh 2 thit b u cui (xlite)...27
III.2 Kt ni 2 tng i bng SIP Trunk (ASTERISK,TRIXBOX,ELASTIX).32

DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1- T l th phn gia cc nh cung cp dch v (ISP).9
Hnh 2- Dch v chnh ca VDC2.10
Hnh 3- S t chc ca VDC211
Hnh 4: M hnh kt ni VoIP..13
Hnh 5: S tm tt cc audio codecs..16
Hnh 6: Chng giao Thc VoIP.18
Hnh 7: M hnh giao thc SIP.18

Hnh 8: c im 1 s giao thc.........19

Hnh 9: M hnh SDP20
Hnh 10: Mt phin gi SIP gia 2 in thoi22
Hnh 11: Yu cu v phn hi SIP24
Hnh 12: Bng So snh gia SIP v H. 32325
Hnh 13: M hnh gi gi r qua internet...26
Hnh 14: M hnh gi in thoi quc t gi r27
Hnh 15: M hnh gi ni b trn Trixbox..29
Hnh 16: S ni b TrixBox/FreePBX30
Hnh17: Cu hnh X-lite.31
Hnh 18: X-lite ng k thnh cng..32
Hnh 19: X-lite hin th cuc gi n ..33
Hnh 20: M hnh Kt ni 2 tng i bng SIP trunk 33
Hinh 21: cu hnh chi tit kt ni 2 tng i .34
Hnh 22: Trn PBX106 35
Hnh 23: Trn PBX111 36
Hnh 24: Outgoing settings 36
Hnh 25: Incoming settings 37
Hnh 26: Outbound cho PBX106 39
Hnh 27: Outbound cho PBX111 40
Hnh 28: Tnh trng kt ni trunks trong mc FreePBX Statistics ..40
Hnh 29: M hnh IVR 41
Hnh 30 : 1 tng i IVR ..42
Hnh 31 : System recordings 43
Hnh 32 : Digital Receptionist ..44
Hnh 33: Chn add incoming Route mc nh 45
Hnh 34 : To Route 46

Bo co thc tp

I.

VoIP

S LC CNG TY IN TON V TRUYN S LIU VDC2

1. VDC cng ban bc vo k nguyn thng tin

Cng ty in ton v Truyn S liu (VDC) l n v trc thuc Tp on Bu

chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT) vi s hot ng ca 3 n v 3 min: VDC1
(Min Bc) , VDC2 (Min Nam) , VDC3 (Min Trung).
Trong 20 nm hot ng, VDC lun l cng ty hng u trong lnh vc
Internet, truyn s liu v cng ngh thng tin ti Vit Nam. Vi uy tn ca mt n
v hng nm c tp ch PC World bnh chn l Nh cung cp dch v Internet
c a chung nht, Gii thng mi nht VDC c n nhn l cc gii th ng
trong khun kh Vietnam ICT Awards 2008:
- Doanh nghip Internet xut sc nht.
- Doanh nghip Internet c s thu bao cao nht.
- Doanh nghip Internet chm sc khch hng tt nht .
VDC c mt h thng h tng mng ln vi tng dung lng i quc t nm
2008 t 37. 8Gbps, h thng mng li ph khp 63 tnh, thnh v hp tc vi hn
10 tp on a quc gia cung cp cc dch v trn ton th gii.
Theo s liu ca B Thng Tin Truyn Thng (MIC) , tnh ti thi im
03/2009, VDC dn u th phn internet bng thng rng vi t l th phn gia cc
nh cung cp dch v (ISP) nh sau:

Hnh 1: T l th phn gia cc nh cung cp dch v (ISP)

VDC v ang ng dng nhng cng ngh mi nht nng cao cht lng
dch v, a dng ha cc sn phm v cc loi hnh dch v nhm p ng cc nhu
cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng c bit l thng mi in t v Multimedia.
VDC cam kt thc hin xut sc trch nhim vi s mng l i tc tin cy trong
9

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

k nguyn cng ngh thng tin.

2. Cc sn phm - dch v chnh ca VDC2

MegaVNN (ADSL)
VNN/Internet Leased Line
VNN/VPN-MPLS
Frame Relay
iFone-VNN
Telehosting (Dedicated, Colocation, VPS)
Webhosting
Mail SMD
Mail Offline
Gii php ng dng phn mm cho cc doanh nghip
Dch v trc tuyn
T vn gii php.

Hnh 2: dch v chnh ca VDC2

10

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

3. Cng ty c cc phng ban nh sau

Hnh 3: S t chc ca VDC2

Chc nng ca cc phng ban nh sau:

1. Phng hnh chnh tng hp: chu trch nhim v s thu chi ca Cng ty, ln
k hach trang b thit b, t chc u thu, qun l ngn sch trung tm. Mi
quyt nh sau cng thuc v gim c Cng ty, hoc ph gim c. Nu
nhng quyt ng thu chi ln, vt qu gii hn s c trnh ln ban gim
c cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng VNPT.
2. Phng K hoch: chu trch nhim tho hp ng, phn tch nhng mt li,
hi, lu tr nhng cng vn h s ca Cng ty, cc ch nhnh khu vc.
11

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

3. Phng ti chnh k ton: chu trch nhim cho vic thu chi ngn sch thng
qua Phng hnh chnh tng hp, chi tr lng cho nhn vin hng thng, t
chc nhng k ngh h, ngh mt l lc cho Cng ty
4. Phng Kinh Doanh: chu trch nhim v s kinh doanh ca Cng ty, tm kim
khch hng c nhu cu s dng cc thit b, cng ngh ca Cng ty nh in
thoi khng dy, Internetnhn d liu cc in, cc Vin thng v in ra
ha n giao cho khch hng, cc Ngn hng.
5. Phng K Thut: chu trch nhim thit lp, trin khai v bo tr cc d n ln
ca khu vc min Nam. Phng c vai tr c bit quan trng trong vic bo
m cc cht lng dch v m VDC2 cung cp.
6. Phng cng ngh - thng tin: qun l cc phn mm tnh tin in, cc Vin
thng, bo tr v pht trin cc phn mm ngy cng hon thin, ci t
phn mm cho cc ngn hng, cc i l thu tin in v cc vin thng, v
c quan h vi cc ngn hng, i l .
II.

NHNG NI DUNG KIN THC L THUYT C CNG C

II.1 VoIP
a. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin :
Trong x hi thng tin vi nn kinh t ton cu th nhu cu lin lc quc t
ngy cng tng trong khi cc ph ca cc cuc gi ng di rt cao. u nm
1995, cng ty VocalTec a ra sn phm phn mm thoi qua Internet (kt ni
im-im) u tin trn th gii. Sau , nhiu cng ty u t nghin cu v a
ra cc sn phm thng mi.
Thng 3/1996, VocalTec kt hp vi Dialogic a ra sn phm cng kt
ni PSTN v Internet u tin trn th gii. Hip hi cc nh sn xut thoi qua my
tnh ECTF ra i nhm a ra cc tiu chun thoi qua Internet. Hip hi bao
gm 36 cc cng ty my tnh & vin thng hng u trn th gii nh AT&T, IBM,
Sun Microsystems, Digital, Ericsson v.v...
H tr giao tip thoi s dng giao thc Internet (IP), hay VoIP, tr nn rt
hp dn v n cung cp mt gi cc thp, ng hng. Thc t, gi cc cuc gi
trn IP ang tr thnh mt trong nhng yu t bn l dn ti s hp nht ca cng
ngh truyn thng thoi, video v d liu. S kh thi trong vic truyn thoi v cc
tn hiu cuc gi trn mng Internet c chng thc nhng vic mang li cc sn
phm cht lng cao, thit lp cc dch v cng cng, cng nh thuyt phc ngi
s dng dng chng th mi ch bt u.
b. Khi nim:
VoIP l 1 cng ngh cho php truyn m thanh thi gian thc (RTP) qua bng
thng Internet v cc kt ni IP

12

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

Hnh 4: M hnh kt ni VoIP

VoIP s dng k thut s v yu cu kt ni bng thng tc cao nh DSL

hoc cp.
u nhc im:
U IM

NHC IM

Gim chi ph: Chi ph cuc gi ng

di ch bng chi ph cho truy nhp
Internet. L d ln nht gip cho chi
ph thc hin cuc gi VoIP thp chnh
l vic s dng ti u bng thng.

Cht lng dch v cha cao: Cc

mng s liu vn d khng phi xy
dng vi mc ch truyn thoi thi
gian thc, hn na l k thut nn
tit kim ng truyn lm gim
ng k cht lng dch v.

Tch hp nhiu dch v: Do vic thit

k c s h tng tch hp nn c kh
nng h tr tt c cc hnh thc thng
tin cho php chun ho tt hn v gim
thiu s thit b.

Thng nht: Trong cc t chc kinh

doanh, s qun l trn c s SNMP
(Simple
Network
Management
Protocol) c th c cung cp cho c
dch v thoi v d liu s dng VoIP.
Vic s dng thng nht giao thc IP

Vn ting vng: Nu nh trong

mng thoi, tr thp nn ting vng
khng nh hng nhiu th trong mng
IP, do tr ln nn ting vng nh hng
nhiu n cht lng thoi.

K thut phc tp: c c mt

dch v thoi chp nhn c, cn thit
phi c mt k thut nn tn hiu t
c nhng yu cu kht khe: t s nn
ln ( gim c tc bit xung) ,
13

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

cho tt c cc ng dng ha hn gim c kh nng suy on v to li thng

bt phc tp v tng cng tnh mm tin ca cc gi b tht lc Tc x
do.
l ca cc b Codec (Coder and
Decoder) phi nhanh khng lm
cuc m thoi b gin on. ng thi
c s h tng ca mng cng cn c
Vn qun l bng thng: Trong
nng cp ln cc cng ngh mi nh
PSTN, bng thng cung c p cho mt
Frame Relay, ATM, c tc cao
cuc gi l c nh. Trong VoIP, bng
hn hoc phi c mt c ch thc hin
thng c cung cp mt cch linh
chc nng QoS (Quality of Service).
hot v mm do hn nhiu.
Tt c cc iu ny lm cho k thut
thc hin in thoi IP tr nn phc tp
v khng th thc hin c trong
Nng cao ng dng v kh nng m nhng nm trc y. Ngoi ra c th
rng: Thoi v fax ch l cc ng dng k n tnh phc tp ca k thut v
khi u cho VoIP, cc li ch trong vn bo mt thng tin (do Internet
thi gian di hn c mong i t cc ni ring v mng IP ni chung vn c
ng dng a phng tin (multimedia) tnh rng khp v hn hp, khng c g
v a dch v.
bo m rng thng tin c nhn c
gi b mt)
a. Cc nhn t nh hng:
Tr (Delay):
Tr l 1 nhn t nh hng n cht lng thoi. Thi gian tr c th chp
nhn c trong khong t 200ms n 400ms. Yu cu gim tr l rt cn thit
trong h thng VoIP c th nng cao cht lng dch v.
Nguyn nhn gy tr:
Tr tch ly hay tr thut ton: l tr do ch khung d liu x l
cc b m ha
Tr x l: thi gian m ha v ng gi d liu m ha truyn qua
mng
Tr truyn qua mng: tr truyn d liu qua mng chuyn mch gi hoc
do cc b m chng Jitter pha thu.
gim thiu tr,phi tng tc mng,nng lc cc b x l,m ha,ngoi
ra cn s dng cc b trit ting vng Echo Canceller.

14

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

Trt (Jitter):
Trt l s chnh lch thi gian gia cc gi tin theo cc ngun khc nhau t
ngun n ich gy ra.
c th ti to ting ni mt cch chnh xc v trung thc bn thu cn phi
loi b jitter bng cch s dng b m (Buffer) ,cc gi nhn c s c lu
trong b m v s c x l ln lt.
Mt gi (Packet Loss):
Cc gi tin c th b mt khi mng b qu ti hay trong trng hp nghn
mng hoc do ng kt ni khng m bo. Yu cu cht lng dch v t l mt
gi l nh hn 10%. Do hn ch ca thi gian tr nn cc giao thc vn chuyn
khng lin kt gii quyt vn ny.
duy tr cht lng thoi mc chp nhn c hoc truyn li cc gi tin
b mt,hoc thay th cc gi tin b mt bng cc khong im lng. nng cao tin
cy ca ng truyn cn tng tc knh truyn,tng dung lng h thng thit b
truyn dn (s dng cc mng tin tin nh Frame Relay,ATM)
b. Codec:
Codec l mt thut ton dng m ha v gii m cc cuc hi thoi bng
ging ni trong VoIP. u thu s c b gii m tn hiu s ngi nhn c th
nghe c ting ni v m thanh u pht.
Mi mt dng tp tin khc nhau th s c cc loi dng gii m khc nhau,do
cn c cc phn codec khc nhau.
V c bn s c ba loi codec l b audio codec ,video codec v data codec:
Audio codecs:
bn pht tn hiu audio t microphone trc khi c truyn i phi c
m ha. Cn bn nhn, chng phi c gii m trc khi a ra speaker.
Codec l dch v ti thiu m user agent no cng phi h tr, v vy mt user
agent ti thiu phi h tr mt chun codec.
Hin nay ang tn ti mt s chun codec nh: G. 711 (m ha tc
64kbps) ; G. 722 (64, 56, 48 kbps) ; G. 723. 1 (5. 3, 6. 3 kbps) ; G. 728 (16kbps) ;
G. 729 (8kbps). Vic la chn thut ton codec l mt yu t c bn nng cao
cht lng thoi Internet.

15

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

Tc

phc tp

Cht lng

64

Thp

Rt tt

Cc thp

G. 726 ADPCM

40, 32
24

Thp

Tt (40k) ,
Ti (16k)

Rt thp

G. 729 CS-ACELP

Cao

Tt

Thp

G. 729
ACELP

Va phi

Kh tt

Thp

Audio codecs
G. 711 PCM

CA-

tr

G. 723 MP-MLQ

6. 4,
5. 3

Va phi

Tt (6. 4k)
, Ti (5.
3k)

Cao

G. 723. 1 MP-MLQ

6. 4,
5. 3

Va phi

Tt (6. 4k)
, Ti (5.
3k)

Cao

G. 728 LD-CELP

16

Rt cao

Tt

Thp

Hnh 5: S tm tt cc audio codecs

Video codecs:
Video Codec m ha tn hiu hnh nh t Camera truyn dn v gii m tin
hiu nhn c ( m ha) hin th hnh nh. Trong H. 323 truyn hnh nh c
th c hoc khng v vy vic h tr Video Codec l ty chn. Tuy nhin cc u
cui cung cp kh nng lin lc hnh nh phi c h tr giao thc m ha, gii
m tn hiu Video.
Chun H. 261 c ITU a ra nm 1990. Chun ny a ra nhng phng
php m ha v gii m hnh nh. Dng trong truyn hnh anh Video ca cc dch
v nghe nhn vi tc px64 Kbps (p= 1-30). Chun ny thc s hiu qu khi s
dng cho cc ng dng s dng trong mng chuyn mach in t (SCN). H. 261
thng c dng vi cc chun khc nh H. 221, H. 230, H. 242 v H. 320 hoc
cc chun mi.
H. 263 ra i sau khong 5 nm sau H. 261 l phn mi thm vo trong lot
chun H ca ITU-T mc ch l m rng kh nng Video cho dch v truyn
thng tc thp (Low bit rate Communication) H. 263 thit k cho mng tc
nh hn 64 Kbps. Rt thch hp cho cc mng truyn thng tc thp

16

Bo co thc tp

VoIP

II.2 S LC V CC GIAO THC BO HIU:

Hai b a phng tin ang thng tr hin nay l SIP v H.323 . n gin
,chng ta s nh ngha SIP v H.323 nh l cc giao thc bo hiu .Tuy nhin trong
khi H.323 ch r cc giao thc bo hiu mc thp hn ,SIP c bit nhiu hn
nh l mt ng dng-khung iu khin lp .Cc dng yu cu SIP v cc trng
mo u ch r tnh cht ca cuc gi trong iu khon ca dch v ,cc a ch v
cc c im ca giao thc .Truyn thng thoi lun c m trch bi RTP v
RTCP ,mc d SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol ) tng c xut
v c thng qua bi IETF (v c s dng cho phin bn IP ca SS7,c bit
nh l SIGTRAN ).Vic vn chuyn thoi qua IP cng i hi mt s lng ln cc
giao thc cn h tr c s dng m bo cht lng ca dch v ,cung cp tn
gii php ,cho php nng cp chng trnh v cc phn mm ,ng b ng h
mng ,nh tuyn cuc gi hiu qu ,gim st cc thc thi v cho php i qua bc
tng la .
SIP l nghi thc bo hiu cho hi ngh Internet ,in thoi ,khai ba cc s
kin ,v a tin ngay lp tc .SIP c ph chun bi IETF nh l mt giao thc
yu cu p ng m cc thng ip ca n gn ging nh l HTTP .SIP l mt
khung dnh cho mt mc ch duy nht l thit lp cc phin truyn thng .Thng
ip SIP l m ha ASCII.Mt s lng m ngun m SIP ang tn ti.
H.323 l b giao thc ITU cng nh SS7.Chun H.323 cung cp cc nn tng
cho m thanh video ,v truyn thng d liu qua mng da vo IP ,bao gm c
internet .Co giao thc H.323 c bin son bng cch s dng ASN.1 PER . PER
(Packet Encoding Rules)- mt dng con ca BER ,c dng m ha cc bit nh
phn nhm gii hn bng thng mng .Khng ging nh SIP ,H.323 ch nh r
rang hu ht cc kha cnh v vn tin hnh cuc gi .
C hai b giao thc da vo cc giao thc b sung cung cp cc dch v l
thuc.C hai giao thc s dng TCP v UDP ,v c hai m ti thiu 5 port cho
VoIP (bo hiu cuc gi ,2 RTP v 2RCTP ).
Hin nay chng ta cha th thay th ton mng in thoi chuyn mch cng
cng (PSTN) bng cng ngh VoIP bi cn nhiu phc tp bn trong cc giao thc
mi chy trn nn tng ca IP .Tuy nhin gn dy cc giao thc bo hiu cuc gi
v iu khin thit b ang c chun ha ,chng ta gn t n mt mi trng c
tnh lin kt hot ng cao .Giao thc iu khin truyn thng (MGCP )hin nay
tr thnh tiu chun chnh thc ,trong khi cc ci tin c tha nhn gn y
trong phin bn 4 ca H.323 to iu kin thun li khi kt hp cc giao thc
khc to ra cc gii php cho h thng truyn thoi hon chnh v c tnh kt
ni ngang cp cho cc mng gi .Giao thc khi to phin (SIP )ang c xem
nh giao thc bo hiu chnh trong h thng chuyn mch mm .Hnh 1.1 di y
m t chng giao thc s dng cho VoIP

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Hnh 6: Chng giao Thc VoIP

a. SIP - Session Initiation Protocol

SIP, t vit tt ca Session Initiation Protocol (Giao thc Khi to Phin) l
mt giao thc tn hiu in thoi IP dng thit lp, sa i v kt thc cc cuc
gi in thoi VOIP. SIP c pht trin bi IETF v ban hnh trong ti liu RFC
3261.
SIP m t nhng giao tip cn c thit lp mt cuc in thoi. Chi tit ca
nhng giao tip ny c m t r hn trong giao thc SDP.
SIP chim lnh th gii VOIP nhanh nh v bo. Giao thc ny ging nh
giao thc HTTP, l giao thc dng vn bn, rt cng khai v linh hot . Do vy, n
thay th rng ri cho chun H323.

Hnh 7: M hnh giao thc SIP

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b. H323
H323 l mt tp cc tiu chun t ITU-T, n nh ngha mt tp cc giao thc
dng lin lc bng m thanh v hnh nh qua mng my tnh.
H323 l mt giao thc tng i c v hin ang c thay th bi giao thc
SIP - Session Initiation Protocol. Mt trong nhng im u vit ca SIP l n t phc
tp hn rt nhiu v tng t nh giao thc HTTP / SMTP.
V vy, hu ht cc thit b VOIP hin c ngy nay u theo chun SIP . Ch
c nhng thit b VOIP c theo chun H323.

Hnh 8: c im 1 s giao thc

c. SDP - Session Description Protocol
SDP, t vit tt ca Session Description Protocol (Giao thc M t Phin) , l
mt nh dng m t cc thng s khi to dng thng tin phng tin (streaming
media). SDP c ban hnh bi IETF trong ti liu RFC 4566. Dng thng tin
phng tin l nhng ni dung c xem hoc nghe trong khi truyn.

Hnh 9: M hnh SDP

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d. RCTP- Real Time Transport Protocol

RTCP l t vit tt ca Real Time Transport Protocol (Giao thc Vn chuyn
Thi gian Thc) v c c t trong RFC 3550.
RTP t vit tt ca Real Time Transport Protocol (Giao thc Vn chuyn
Thi gian Thc) c t mt tiu chun nh dng gi tin dng truyn m thanh v
hnh nh qua internet. Tiu chun ny c khai bo trong RFC 1889. N c pht
trin bi nhm Audio Video Transport Working v c ban hnh ln u tin vo
nm 1996.
RTCP lm vic song hnh vi RTP. RTP thc hin chuyn giao d liu thc
trong khi RTCP c dng gi cc gi tin iu khin cho nhng bn tham d vo
cuc gi. Chc nng chnh ca n l thu nhn c thng tin phn hi v cht lng
dch v ca RTP.
RTP v RTCP lin kt rt cht ch vi nhau RTP truyn d liu thc trong
khi RTCP c dng nhn thng tin phn hi v cht lng dch v .
e. ENUM - Telephone Number Mapping
ENUM l t vit tt ca Telephone Number Mapping (nh x s in thoi).
n sau ch vit tt ny l mt tng rt tuyt vi: C th nhn cuc gi bt k
u trn th gii vi cng mt s in thoi v thng qua ng truyn tuyn tt
nht v r nht. ENUM ly s in thoi v lin kt n vi mt a ch internet cha
trong h thng DNS. Do , ch nhn ca s ENUM c th thit lp ni mt cuc
gi s c chuyn n thng qua mt ch mc DNS. Hn na, c th ch nh cc
tuyn khc nhau cho cc loi cuc gi khc nhau v d bn c th ch nh mt
tuyn khc nu bn gi n l mt my fax. ENUM i hi my in thoi ca bn
gi n phi h tr ENUM.
Vic ng k s ENUM cng kh ging vi vic ng k tn min . Hin ti,
c rt nhiu nh ng k v nh cung cp dch v VOIP ang cung cp dch v ng
k min ph.
ENUM l mt chun mi v cha c ph bin rng ri lm . Tuy vy, chun
ny c xem l mt cuc cch mng mi trong lin lc v di ng c nhn.
f. SIP URI - Uniform Resource Identifiers
SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) ) l gin nh a ch SIP
dng gi cho ngi khc thng qua SIP. Ni mt cch khc, SIP URI chnh l s

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in thoi SIP ca ngi dng. SIP URI ging vi a ch email v c vit dng
sau:
SIP URI = sip: x@y: Port
Trong x=tn ngi dng v y=my (min hay IP)
V d:
sip: joe. bloggs@212. 123. 1. 213
sip: support@inextpbx. itsc. Vn
sip: 22444032@inextpbx. itsc. vn
Tiu chun SIP URI c nh ngha trong tiu chun RFC 3261.
Phin gi SIP gia 2 in thoi SIP:

Hnh 10: Mt phin gi SIP gia 2 in thoi

Mt phin gi SIP gia 2 in thoi c thit lp nh sau:

My gi gi mt tn hiu mi

My c gi gi tr mt thng tin hi p 100 Th.

Khi my c gi bt u chung, mt tn hiu hi p 180

chung c gi tr

Khi bn gi nhc my, my c gi gi mt tn hiu hi p 200 - OK

My gi hi p vi ACK tip nhn

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Lc ny cuc gi ch thc c truyn di dng d liu thng qua RTP

Khi ngi gi dp my, mt yu cu BYE c gi n cho my gi

My gi phn hi vi tn hiu 200 - OK.

Tt c ch n gin nh vy! Giao thc SIP d hiu v l-gc.

Yu cu SIP & Phn hi SIP:

Hnh 11: Yu cu v phn hi SIP

Yu cu SIP:
C su loi yu cu / phng thc c bn:
INVITE = Thit lp phin
ACK = Xc nhn yu cu INVITE
BYE = Kt thc phin
CANCEL = Hy b vic thit lp phin
REGISTER = Trao i thng tin a im ngi dng (tn my, IP)
OPTIONS = Trao i cc thng tin v kh nng ca cc in thoi SIP gi
v nghe trong phin
Phn hi SIP:
Cc Yu cu SIP c tr li bng cc Phn hi SIP. C 6 loi Phn hi SIP:
1xx = phn hi thng tin, v d 180, c ngha l ang chung
2xx = phn hi thnh cng
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3xx = phn hi chuyn hng

4xx = yu cu b tht bi
5xx = li my ch
6xx = tht bi ton cc
So snh gia SIP v H. 323:
Gia SIP v H. 323 c nhiu im tng ng, c 2 u cho php thit lp
iu khin v hy cuc gi. C SIP v H. 323 u h tr nhng dch v cn thit, tuy
nhin c mt s im khc bit gia hai chun ny.
H. 323 h tr hi ngh a phng tin rt phc tp, hi ngh H. 323 v nguyn
tc c th cho php cc thnh vin s dng nhng dch v nh bn tin, trao i d liu
hoc hi ngh video.
SIP c h tr SIP-CGI (SIP- Common Gateway Interface) v CPL (Call
Processing Language).
SIP h tr iu khin cuc gi t u cui th 3, hin nay H. 323 ang c
nng cp h tr tnh nng ny.
Sau y l bng so snh gia 2 giao thc ny:

Hnh 12: Bng So snh gia SIP v H. 323

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II.3 MT S GII PHP NG DNG M VOIP EM LI

a. Lin lc min ph gia hai u c ci t thit b VoIP:
Nu hai u lin lc ( bt c u trn th gii) c ci t thit b VoIP v
kt ni internet,th vic lin lc gia 2 u l hon ton min ph.
Gi s mng IP trong mt doanh nghip c coi l mt u lin lc. Trong
mng IP c 1 hoc nhiu thit b VoIP nh in thoi IP,Phone Adapter hay VoIP
Gateway c cng FXS ( c ni vi in thoi bn hoc trung k tng i ni b)
v u kt ni ti Moderm ADSL. u lin lc th hai cng c cu to tng t.
Ngi s dng c th nhc my v quay s t:
My l ca tng i (c trung k ni cng FXS ca Phone Adapter hoc VoIP
Gateway)
in thoi thng hoc my Fax (ni vi cng FXS ca Phone Adapter hoc
VoIP Gateway)
in thoi IP (IP Phone) gi ti bt k thit b tng t no ti u lin lc
th 2,m thoi min ph v khng gii hn thi gian.

Hnh 13: M hnh gi gi r qua internet

b. Gi in thoi quc t gi r vi VoIP:

Ngy nay,nhu cu lin lc quc t ang ngy cng gia tng. Lin lc quc t
khng ch dng li mc c nhn,gia nh (gi in cho ngi thn,bn b
nc ngoi) m cn ph bin cc doanh nghip,t chc a quc gia (lin lc vi
doanh nghip,i tc nc ngoi). Vi tn sut thc hin cuc gi quc t hng
ngy,vn chi ph khng th khng c quan tm. Vic a cng ngh VoIP kt
hp vi mt s dch v lin lc quc t c php ca B Thng Tin v Truyn
Thng trong nc gii quyt mt cch tin li ni lo v chi ph .
Tuy nhin c th thc hin 1 cuc gi in quc t gi r c cht lng tt
chng ta cn phi c:

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ng truyn ADSL tc n nh.

Thit b VoIP kt ni cuc gi.
Mt chic in thoi bn (loi in thoi Analog thng thng hoc c th
cao cp hn nh in thoi ko di, in thoi k thut s ).
Ti khon gi in quc t gi r.
Vic kt ni cc thit b rt n gin,thng qua s sau y:

Hnh 14: M hnh gi in thoi quc t gi r

Cc bc thc hin gii php:
Cu hnh ti khon gi in thoi quc t vo thit b VoIP.
Kt ni in thoi thng vi cng nm trn thit b VoIP.
Kt ni thit b VoIP vi Modem ADSL ti gia nh hoc cng ty.
Nhc in thoi v thc hin cuc gi quc t.
Mc cc tham kho khi gi ti 1 s nc:
United States: 295 VND/pht
China: 350 VND/pht
Canada: 295 VND/pht
Australia: 600 VND/pht
Singapore: 400 VND /pht
Ngoi ra VoIP cn c th p dng cho 1 s dch v sau nh: h thng chm
sc khch hng t ng,hi ngh truyn hnh,chat v gi in VoIP cho mobile.

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II.4 TNG QUAN V ASTERISK, FREEPBX, TRIXBOX, ELASTIX,

PIAF
Asterisk l phn mm m ngun m, khi im chy trn H iu hnh linux
(hin c th chy trn Windows & Macintosh) , m nhim vai tr lm tng i ni
b.
Vic cu hnh Asterisk s thao tc trc tip trn cc file. conf, v rt mt thi
gian v d sai st. Bn c th phi vit hng trm, thm ch hng nghn dng cu
hnh cc tnh nng c bn v khai bo s extension.
trnh vic cu hnh Asterisk bng tay, FreePBX ra i. Vi giao din WEB
d dng, t ng sinh m code, min ph, FreePBX c n nhn nng nhit v
tr thnh giao din chun cu hnh Asterisk.
Tuy nhin, khi trin khai nguyn c m CentOS, Asterisk, FreePBX, Zaptel...
cho nhiu my th phi cu hnh li t u, hoc import/export cc settings li.
Do , thun tin, ngi ta ci sn CentOS, Asterisk, FreePBX, Zaptel cng
mt s gi h tr khc, cu hnh y , xong ng gi li thnh cc distro ca
asterisk, gi l Trixbox, Elastix, PIAF... Mi ngi ch cn download mt trong cc
phin bn ny v, ci t l xong. Mun cu hnh thm th dng FreePBX c sn
trong cc phin bn.
C th ni Trixbox/Elastix/PIAF ging nh bn "Ghost" gm c cc gi
(asterisk+linux+FreePBX+zaptel+cc gi h tr khc)
III.

Cc m hnh thc nghim v cch cu hnh

III.1 Gi ni b trn Trixbox, v cu hnh 2 thit b u cui (x-lite)

Hng dn cch to 2 s ni b trn Trixbox, v cu hnh 2 thit b u cui
(x-lite) gi cho nhau. C th trn Asterisk hoc Elastix X-lite l mt phn mm
thoi min ph ni ting ca hng Counterpath, cho php ng k s ni b v s
dng nh mt in thoi u cui vi y tnh nng tho i. ti v, truy cp
http: //www. counterpath. com/x-lite. html
By gi, sau khi hon tt vic ci t Trixbox v bit qua giao din qun tr
(xem cc phn trc) , ti lc bt tay vo vic thc hin m hnh u tin: gi ni
b gia cc x-lite.

M hnh thc hin:

Ci Trixbox, X-lite 1, X-lite 2 trn 3 my khc nhau trn cng 1 lp mng ni
b:
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Hnh 15: M hnh gi ni b trn Trixbox

Cc bc tin hnh:
1. Trong giao din web qun tr ca Trixbox, vo menu PBX > PBX Settings >
ExtensionChn Generic SIP Device -> n Submit.
Ch cn nhp 3 thng tin sau to s ni b. Cc mc khc gi nguyn.
* User extension (nhp vo s ni b, v d 202/302/402 v. v...)
* Display Name (Tn ngi dng tng ng)
* Secret (G vo mt khu to mi).
Danh sch cc s ni b s hin th pha bn phi

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Hnh 16: S ni b TrixBox/FreePBX

Tin hnh to 2 s ni b, v d 302 v 202. Sau khi to xong nh Lu li v

n "Apply COnfiguration Changes" (thanh mu cam bn trn)
2. Ti bc ny vic to 2 s ni b hon tt. By gi n lc cu hnh cho xlite.
Khi chy X-lite ln u tin, hp thoi Account hin ra ch bn khai bo 1 ti
khon SIP.

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Hnh17: Cu hnh X-lite

* Display Name: nhp vo tn ngi s dng s extension ang khai bo.

* Username: s extension tng ng.
* Password: nhp vo mt khu tng ng to bc 1.
* Authorization username: nhp li s extension.
* Domain: nhp vo IP hoc tn ca Asterisk server. (*)
* Chn vo mc Register with domain and receive incoming calls. Tip
theo, chn "domain" trong mc Send outbound via
(*): vi m hnh n gin ny, bn nhp IP ni b (LAN) ca Trixbox server.
Nu x-lite ng k thnh cng s ni b vi Trixbox th bn s thy mn hnh
sau (s ni b 302):
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Hnh 18: X-lite ng k thnh cng

Thc hin vi cc s extension cn li trn cc my trm khc (PC02, PC03,

v.
v...).
By gi bn c th tin hnh gi ln nhau:
a. Cm headphone v microphone vo tng my trm chy x-lite. Phi bo
m bn cu hnh sound card v microphone hon chnh trn tng my
trm.
b. Trn giao din X-lite, g s ni b cn gi v n Enter hoc click nt gi
mu xanh.

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Hnh 19: X-lite hin th cuc gi n

III.2 Kt ni 2 tng i bng SIP trunk (Asterisk,trixbox,elastix)

Hnh 20: M hnh Kt ni 2 tng i bng SIP trunk

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SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) l giao thc bo hiu dng thit lp v

iu khin cuc gi VoIP. Cuc gi Sip s dng 2 giao thc: SIP v RTP (Real Time
Protocol). RTP dng chuyn ti ting ni.
Bc u tin khi thit lp SIP trunk l phc ha nhng cng vic cn lm.
Trong hng dn ny s nu cch kt ni 2 tng i (PBX) bng SIP trunk. Hai PBX
c t tn l PBX106 v PBX111, ging a ch IP cho cc bn d theo di . Lp
extension trn PBX106 s l 3xxx, v tng ng 2xxx trn PBX111. Vic phn chia
dy extension ring bit ny s gip nh tuyn cuc gi c d dng.

Hinh 21: cu hnh chi tit kt ni 2 tng i

Trn PBX106, cn to outbound trunk tn l 111-peer, knh ny kt ni vi

PBX cn li s dng ti khon 106-user. Ti khon ny s c khai bo trong phn
inbound trunk trn PBX111.
Ngc li, ta s dng ti khon 111-user cho PBX111 kt ni vi PBX
bn kia.
Ch : Bn c th t tn bt k cho trunk v 2 ti khon trn.
tin vic cu hnh, bn c th dng cng c (Excel) nh km bi vit t ng pht sinh cc phn cu hnh trunk. Rt d dng v tin li. Ch cn khai
bo IP (hoc hostname) ca 2 tng i, tn 2 trunks, tn 2 ti khon, v 2 mt khu,
th l xong.

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Sau y l hng dn chi tit cch lm, dng giao din FreePBX. :
a. Cu hnh SIP trunks
Cu hnh PBX106
Chn Add Trunk t menu setup FreePBX
Chn Add SIP Trunk
Trong mc Outgoing Settings section, thay i nh sau:

Hnh 22: Trn PBX106

Khai bo ti khon cho PBX111 trong mc Incoming Settings:

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Hnh 23: Trn PBX111

n Submit, ri quay tr ra.

Cu hnh PBX111: tng t cc bc trn, vi cc thay i sau:
Outgoing:

Hnh 24: Outgoing settings

Incoming:

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Hnh 25: Incoming settings

Nh n Submit, ri Apply Changes (mu cam)

Kim tra kt ni.

Trn PBX106, ca s Asterisk CLI, g lnh 'sip show peers'. Kt qu:

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Tng t cho PBX111, kt qu 'sip show peers'

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b. nh tuyn cuc gi

Chng ta s cu hnh outbound route c th quay s trc tip extension u

bn kia.
Outbound cho PBX106
Chn Outbound Routes, v to Route mi nh sau:

Hnh 26: Outbound cho PBX106

Outbound cho PBX111: tng t nh hnh v:

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Hnh 27: Outbound cho PBX111

By gi bn c th gi s extension ca bn kia t bt k s ni b no .
Tnh trng kt ni trunks s c hin th trong mc FreePBX Statistics.

Hnh 28: Tnh trng kt ni trunks trong mc FreePBX Statistics

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Ch : khng c gii hn s lng cuc gi ng thi trn SIP trunk. Ngi

dng hai bn c th thoi mi thc hin nhiu cuc gi ng thi cho pha
bn kia, min sao bng thng gia 2 PBX m bo .
c. IVR (tng i tr li t ng)
Interactive Voice Response (IVR) l mt h thng mi trong ngnh in
thoi, c pht trin trn cng ngh CTI (cng ngh tch hp my tnh v in
thoi) , dng cung cp thng tin hon ton t ng vi s lng cuc gi ln (ti
thiu l ba mi cuc gi vo h thng cng lc).

Hnh 29: M hnh IVR

H thng IVR cho php khch hng c th truy cp thng tin ca mt t chc
thng qua vic s dng bn phm in thoi ni chuyn hoc ni trc tip bng
ging ni, v IVR nghe cc phm bm hoc nhn dng ging ni ri c li cho
khch hng cc thng tin c yu cu.
V d 1 tng i IVR:

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Hnh 30 : 1 tng i IVR

Cc bc tin hnh:
Lm bn ghi m:
S dng System recordings to ra mt file ghi m, nhp vo phn m rng
ca bn Bc 1 v nhn Go. ng b qua bc ny v i n bc 2, bn
s nhn c mt li kh hiu.

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Hnh 31 : System recordings

By gi quay s * 77 v ghi m ca bn sau khi ting bp. Quay s * 99

nghe n. Bn c th nghe ghi m ca bn v thm vo cc bn ghi m khc
(chng hn nh cc bn ghi m c xy dng trc) bng cch nhn vo ghi
m ca bn trong bng iu khin cng c thch hp.
Chng ta s bt u vi mt IVR vi mc n gin, vi file ghi m ca
bn, Welcome to-VDC2. v to ra mt s bn ghi m khc.
To IVR:
Khi bn chn IVR, trang u tin hin nay l mt tp hp ngn gn v cc
hng dn v lm th no a IVR. Bn c th chnh sa mt IVR, nu l
mt trong nhng hin c, hoc to ra mt ci mi bng cch nhp vo 'Thm
IVR'.

Hnh 32 : Digital Receptionist

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Chnh sa IVR:
Khng ging nh cc h thng tip tn k thut s c, iu ny to ra cc IVR
(v cc cuc gi cha t tn ') ngay sau khi bn nhp vo' Thm '- Bn s
thy n xut hin bn phi ngay lp tc.

Hnh 33 : To IVR

y l nhng la chn ca bn:

Thay i Name: iu ny ch n gin l tn m t xut hin bn

phi.

Thi gian ch: y l thi gian h thng phi i trc khi gi cc

cuc gi n cc im n 't '

Kch hot tnh nng th mc: Nu bn chuyn i ny, ngi dng

s c th quay FeatureCodes "m tnh nng Directory, thng l #, t
IVR v truy cp cc dch v th mc.

Kch hot tnh nng quay s trc tip: Nu bn kch hot, ngi
dng s, ngoi vic c th quay s cc ty chn IVR, c th trc tip
quay s m rng s.

Thng bo: h thng c s dng cho ngi dng khi h nhp IVR

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Khai bo Add Incoming Route:

Vo PBX Settings/FreePBX -> Inbound Routes. Ch : phi chn "add
incoming Route " nm pha gc trn, bn phi trang cu hnh.

Hnh 33: Chn add incoming Route mc nh

Hnh 34 : To Route

Description:
DID Number: s tng i mun gi ti
Caller ID: (trng)
CID Priority Route: (trng)
Set Destination => Chon (IVR mi to) =>Apply

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THUT NG V VIT TT
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers
IGP
Interior Gateway Protocol
IPv4
IP version 4
IPv6
IP version 6
ISDN
Intergrated Service Digital
Network
ISO
international organization for
t
Standardization
ISP
Internet Services Provider
internet
MAC
Media Access Controller
mi
trng
MGCP
Media Gateway Control Protocol
ni
MPLS
thc
NGN
PDU
PSTN
cng

QoS
VoIP
VPN
WAN
IETF
quc

ICMP
IANA

Vin k thut in v in t
Giao thc cng mng ni b
IP phin bn 4
IP phin bn 6
Mng s lin kt a dch v
T chc tiu chun ha quc

Cc nh cung cp dch v
Thit b iu khin truy cp
Giao thc iu khin cng

MultiProtocol Label Switching

phng tin
Chuyn mch nhn a giao

Next Generation Network

Protocol Data Unit
Public Switch Telephone

Mng th h sau
n v d liu giao thc
Mng chuyn mch thoi

Network
Quality of Service
Voice over IP
Virtual Path Identifier
Wide Area Network
International Engineering

cng
Cht lng dch v
Thoi qua giao thc IP
Nhn dng ng o
Mng din rng
T chc tiu chun k thut

Task Force
Internet Control Message
Protocol
Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority

t cho internet
Giao thc bn tin iu khin
Internet
C quan ch nh s Internet

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Bo co thc tp

VoIP

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

Sch: Cng Ngh VoIP v cc gii php nng cao cht lng dich v Th . S
Ng Xun Thnh.

2.

Web:

3.

Ebook:

http: //www. ebook. edu. vn

http: //www. baonguyen. vn/ (Cu hnh Trixbox CE/FreePBX)
http: //thegioivoip. net/
http: //vdc2. vn/
http://voip.com.vn/forum/
http: //www. voip. com. vn/
Trixbox Without Tears
Elastix Without Tears

Asterisk, the Future of Telephony

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