QT03_10084_VOIP3G

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CNG TY VIN THNG VIETTEL

QT03_10084_VOIP3G

TI LIU TM HIU CNG NGH

M hiu ti liu: THCN_QT03_10084_VOIP3G Phin bn ti liu: V1.0

H Ni, 10/2010

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Bn ghi nhn thay i ti liu

Ngy thay V tr thay L do i i Ngun gc
BM_VIETTEL_THCN (tim hieu cong nghe) BM_VIETTEL_THCN (tim hieu cong nghe)

Phin bn c

M t thay i

Phin bn mi

28/10/20 Ton b 10 23/11/20 Phn 10 2.1.1.2; 2.1.1.3; 2.1.2.4; 2.1.3.3.

To mi Cp nht

NA V1.0

Ton b Cp nht

V1.0 V1.1

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Trang k

Ngi lp:

nh Thng (QTDA) <Tc gi>

<Ngy> 28/10/2010

Ngi xem xt:

Hong Xun Quang <Trng ban Cng ngh>

<Ngy>

Ngi ph duyt:

Cao Xun Tun <Trng phng Cng ngh>

<Ngy>

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MC LC
GII THIU.........................................................................................6
1.1. Pht biu bi ton........................................................................................6 1.2. Khi nim, thut ng....................................................................................7 1.3. Ti liu tham kho........................................................................................7 1.4. Tool h tr....................................................................................................8

KT QU T C........................................................................8
1.5. Nghin cu s dng cng ngh ..................................................................8 1.5.1 Tng quan cng ngh.............................................................................................8 1.5.2 Kin trc VOIP.....................................................................................................19 1.5.3 Chi tit ni dung...................................................................................................32 1.5.4 nh gi kh nng p dng thc t.....................................................................56

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GII THIU
Trong nhng nm gn y ngy cng c nhiu dch v, nh cung cp dch v VOIP ni ln v xu hng pht trin l hng ti VOIP trn mobile. Mobile VOIP cho php cc tnh nng v s tin li tng t nh ngi dng thch th vi cc dch v VOIP trong mt vi nm trc y (Skype, Yahoo! Voice, ) Khi cng ngh c ci tin, d liu ting ni (voice) v cc d liu khc c ng gi v truyn ti c cht lng hn. Ngoi cc kh nng voice thng thng cn c multimedia and video conferencing (hi thoi video) c a ra bi a s cc nh cung cp dch v VOIP. Bc pht trin tip theo ca VOIP s l cc dch v chy trn nn cc mng di ng chun c th l 3G, EDGE, GPRS. iu ny cho php em cc kh nng ca VOIP ln mobile v khc phc cc hng ch v v tr s dng khi s dng cc mng thng thng (v d nh WiFi).

1.1. Pht biu bi ton

Nh ta bit nhu cu thng tin, lin lc ngy cng c p ng tt bi s pht trin mnh m ca cc mng di ng. H tng mng 3G cng c trin khai rng ri em internet ti tt c mi ni. a ra c cc dch v a dng v tn dng c h tng mng c th VOIP over 3G l mt dch v c kh nng pht trin mnh, p ng cc nhu cu c nhiu i tng c nhn cng nh doanh nghip. Bi ton xy dng VOIP qua mng di ng y l 3G (VOIP over 3G) l mt phn trong h thng ca i tc. H thng VOIP over 3G kt ni cc thit b cm tay c kt ni internet qua hng tng mng 3G sn c ca Viettel. Cc thit b ny c kt ni vi nhau v thc hin trao i thng tin (cc gi tin TCP/UDP qua tng IP) Mc nh nghin cu v ni dung xuyn sut ca ti liu tm ny l tm hiu, nghin cu kin trc tng th, cc thnh phn v yu cu ca mt h thng VOIP qua mng 3G.

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1.2. Khi nim, thut ng

Thut ng VOIP nh ngha Voice over Internet Protocol Ghi ch Cng ngh cho php truyn thoi s dng giao thc mng IP VOIP over 3G Voice over Internet Protocol over 3G Cng ngh cho php truyn thoi s dng giao thc mng IP trn h tng mng 3G (third-generation) TDM Time Division Multiplexing Ghp knh phn chia thi gian: Thi gian s dng ng truyn c chia lm nhiu khung. Mi khung c chia thnh nhiu khe thi gian(Ts time slot) mi ngi s dng mt khe thi gian dnh ring cho mnh phc v cho vic truyn tin. IP Internet Protocol Giao thc mng c s dng rng ri ngy nay End point Cc thit b u cui: bao gm IP phone v SIP phone. SIP UA/ UAC/ UAS Session Initiation Protocol User Agent/ Uer Agent Client/ User Agent Server G7xx Proxy server Redirect server G711/ G729, Giao thc khi to session Ni gi v ni p tr cc bn tin SIP, thng thng l cc thit b SIP phone Cc codec dng s ha m thanh Server trung chuyn cc bn tin SIP Server tr li im tip theo m thit b phi gi bn tin ti. Registrar server Server ng k cho cc user agent.

Bng 1: Thut ng v nh ngha

1.3. Ti liu tham kho

Tn ti liu Tc gi Ngun Ghi ch

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1.4. Tool h tr
Lit k cc tool h tr trong qu trnh tm hiu cng ngh Cng c X-Lite softphone Mc ch Nh cung cp Phin bn

KT QU T C
1.5. Nghin cu s dng cng ngh 1.5.1 Tng quan cng ngh
1.5.1.1 Gii thiu v VOIP Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP), cn gi l IP Telephony, ang nhanh chng tr thnh mt thut ng thng thuc v cng ngh ny ang i su vo cc doanh nghip, cc t chc gio dc, chnh ph. VOIP c thit k thay th mng li v cng ngh TDM bng mt mng d liu da trn giao thc mng IP. Ting ni c s ha v truyn i trong cc gi tin IP (IP data packets) qua mng LAN, WAN. Trong mt mng VOIP, c 2 giao thc c s dng chnh. Giao thc u tin l Signaling Protocol (giao thc bo hiu): dng trong vic khi to v qun l cc tng tc gia cc user session bao gm voice, video, instant messaging. Giao thc th hai l speech transmission protocol :giao thc truyn ting ni. C hai giao thc yu cu tt c cc thng tin c truyn ti trong cc gi tin IP. Cho ti nay c mt vi chun cho signaling protocols, gm c H.323, SIP, MGCP v H.248 (MEGACO). Cn RTP l chun cho speech transmission protocol c s dng trong cc mng VOIP. Tn hiu ting ni c s ha, ng gi trong cc gi tin v c truyn thng qua mng IP (Hnh 2.1). Ta cn rt nhiu cc gi tin mi c th truyn ti c mt m n do mt ngi pht ra. Tn hiu voice c s ha bng cc s dng mt trong cc chun G.7xx. Chi tit v cc chun ny s cp chi tit hn trong cc phn v sau.

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Hnh 2.1 Cc gi tin c truyn qua mng IP

C hai dng ca VOIP call. Nu ta s dng phn mm Microsofts NetMeeting, ta c th thit lp mt cuc gi PC-to-PC m khng cn ti mt call server. y l dng n gin nht ca VOIP. Tuy nhin, gii php thng thy cho enterprise VOIP yu cu mt call server (cn gi l mt gatekeeper). Mc d n c gi l mt server, nhng server ny khng hot ng ging nh cc loi server khc. Mt e-mail server v mt PC duy tr kt ni thc hin cc hot ng lin quan ti e-mail. Vi VoIP, call server (Xem Hnh 2.2) iu khin tt c cc dch v n a ra, iu khin tt c cc cuc gi, h tr cc tnh nng telephone, xc thc v c cc bin php an ninh khc. Call server KHNG thc hin chuyn mch in thoi (telephone switch). Khi call server thit lp mt cuc gi (peer-topeer), server s khng tham gia vo qu trnh truyn ti ting ni. Server l ni x l cc bn tin signaling, nhng khng thc hin chuyn mch cc d liu ting ni. Cc gi tin cha ting ni c truyn trc tip t mt phone ti mt phone khc.

Hnh 2.2 Call server trong VoIP

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V1.0 Hnh 1.1: Call server trong VoIP

Trong cc thnh phn cn thit cho VoIP ngoi cc IP phone (bao gm c hard phone v softphone) cn c cc gateway. a s cc doanh nghip u c mt s lng ln cc thit b phones, my fax, modems kt ni ti PSTN, v cc thit b khc kt ni ti cc tng i vin thng (gi l mt PBX). Cc thit b trn phi c kt ni ti mng VoIP thng qua cc gateway (Hnh 2.2) 1.5.1.2 Cc chun cho VoIP 1.5.1.2.1 Chun cho giao thc signaling protocol T nhng u im ca cng ngh VoIP mang li, c rt nhiu t chc v internet v vin thng xy dng cc chun quc t xoay quanh cng ngh VoIP. C hai loi t chc chnh: cc t chc xy dng chun hnh thc v chun cng nghip. The Internet Engineering task force (IETF) IETF l t chc m (cc thnh vin v ngi qun tr l cc tnh nguyn vin) xy dng, duy tr v hon thin cc giao thc trn mng internet. IETF c t chc theo cc nhm lm vic (working group) v cc nhm tho lun (informal discussion groups), mi nhm lin quan ti mt ch c th thuc tng lnh vc. Hin nay IETF lm vic trn cc lnh vc: Applications, General, Internet, Operations and management, Real-time applications and Infrastructure, Routing, security, v Transport.

Mt s nhm lm vic (Working group) lin quan ti VoIP bao gm: Audio/video transport (AVT): a ra chun giao thc truyn tin thi gian thc (RTP). Multiparty multimedia session control (MMUSIC): Pht trin cc giao thc h tr giao thc lin lc a phng tin (hnh nh, m thanh trn Internet). Hai chun giao thc c pht trin bi nhm bao gm SIP (session initiation protocol) v SDP (session description protocol).

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SIP l mt thnh phn trong kin trc tng th v hi tho t xa do IETF pht trin. SIP ang c s dng ngy cng nhiu hn trong cng nghip, v trong tng lai, cc giao thc signaling protocol s c xy dng da trn SIP.

Hnh 2.3 Kin trc ng dng hi tho a phng tin ca IETF

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IP telephony (IPTel): y l nhm lm vic s dng SIP cho cc ng dng vin thng trn mng IP. Giao thc c pht trin l TRIP (telephony routeing over IP - TRIP) nh v gateway trong mng VoIP v nh tuyn cc cuc gi. Ngoi ra nhm cn pht trin mt ngn ng kch bn CPL (call processing language) s dng bi cc ng dng qun l cuc gi. MeGaCo (Media gateway Control): Pht trin giao thc giao tip gia cc gateway d liu (media gateway). Middlebox communications (MIDCOM): Nhm lm vic nghin cu cc yu cu m cc giao thc trong mng VoIP cn phi p ng cho php truyn d liu m thanh/hnh nh trc tip gia cc user agent, truyn cc lung tnh hiu signaling trn mng ip c cc thnh phn nh firewall, NAT v cc thnh phn c dng "middle box" trn ng truyn. Kt qu ca nhm ny c nh hng quan trng ti kh nng tn ti ca cc ng dng VoIP nh mt ng dng a phng tin thc s.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) l mt t chc quc t c thnh lp di s bo tr ca nhiu quc gia. Trong , cc cng ty, chnh ph cng tc vi nhau thng qua cc dch v v mng vin thng quc t. ITU- telecommunication standardisation sector (ITU-T) l mt t chc con nghin cu cc vn v cng ngh, tng i v thu trong vin thng ng thi cng xut bn ti liu kin ngh c coi nh cc chun quc t v truyn thng. V lch s, ITU-T l tc gi ca chun vin thng da trn cng ngh mch chuyn gi. Vi nhng u im ca VoIP, T chc ny nghin cu v a ra mt s chun giao thc c lp vi IETF. Cc nhm nhin cu ca ITU-T lm vic trn cng ngh VoIP bao gm: Nhm nghin cu 9: Nghin cu gii php IP CableCom cho VoIP trn mng truyn hnh TV cable. Nhm nhin cu 13: Lm vic trn mng PSTN/IN.

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Nhm nghin cu 16: Nghin cu lin lc a phng tin v a ra cc chun H.3xx cho hi tho a phng tin (bao gm c giao thc H.323).

The European Telecommunications Standards Institue (ESTI) ETSI l mt t chc phi li nhun c thnh lp vi nhim v xy dng cc chun vin thng cho lin minh chu u v cc nc bn ngoi. C 730 thnh vin t 51 nc chu u v cc nc bn ngoi bao gm cc nh sn xut, cc trung tm nghin cu v cc c nhn. D n ca ESTI v VoIP l TIPHON (EP TIPHON). TIPHON l t vit tt ca "Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonisation Over Networks", c s tham gia ca hn 40 thnh vin t ETSI v cc cng ty khc. Mc tiu ca TIPHON l h tr s lin lc thi gian thc gia nhng ngi s dng trn nhng cng ngh mng khc nhau. Ni ring, TIPHON ch ra rng, ngi s dng kt ni ti mt mng IP c th lin lc vi nhng ngi dng khc trn mt mch chuyn gi (nh SCN) v ngc li. The third party generation partnership project (3GPP) 3GPP l kt qu ca n lc kt hp gia cc t chc ETSI, ITU v cc t chc khc trn ton th gii, vi mc tiu pht trin v ng dng nhanh chng cc chun c t cho mng 43-BM-VIETTEL 1/0

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in thoi th h th 3 (3G). Cc chun c t cho mng 3G la chn VoIP v cc cng ngh da trn mng IP lm nn tng cho cc ng dng. Bng di y so snh hai chun giao thc SIP v H.323 c s dng rng ri trong thc t: SIP Dng giao thc Dng bn tin k t (plain text) H.323 Dng bn tin nh phn Nhn xt SIP dng bn tin k t nn tn km bng thng hn so vi cng lng thng tin nhng dng bn tin nh phn. Tuy nhin, so vi bng thng cn thit cho knh truyn media, lng bng thng tn km khng ng k. Ngoi ra, SIP dng bn tin k t nn d dng cho vic debug v s l bng cc cng c s l text. S dng trong 3GPP (t chc hnh thnh chun 3G) C Khng Rt nhiu tnh nng ca H.323 khng tng tnh (khng c trin khai) trn mng 3G. Giao thc SIP v IP c la chn xy dng nn tng cc ng dng trn 3G. Thi gian tr xc lp cuc gi 1.5 RTT 1.5 RTT Ch : Nhng yu cu tng thch vi chun H.323 c hn lm cho thi gian thit lp cuc gi tr c th ln ti 7 RTT (ty thuc vo implement ca giao thc

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v s s dng TCP) phc tp Trung bnh: phc tp tng ng vi giao thc HTTP. Kh nng m rng c thit k mm do (flexible), m cho nhng tnh nng mi. Cao: V thng s dng ng thi nhiu giao thc (H.450, H.225.0, H.245). Phc tp, nn kh nng m rng km hn ( vendor specific
'nonstandardParam' at predefined positions only)

H323 kh khn cho vic sa li v ci tin, v giao thc ny khng c cc b phn tch giao thc nhn dng v kh c vi ngi pht trin.

Kin trc

C kin trc module: SIP cha nhng giao thc bt tay chun, nh v ngi dng v nng khc (QoS: mc, khm ph dch v, v ngn ng m t session) c tch hp c lp.

Khng c kin trc module: H.323 trn ln (mix) cc dch v bi cc thnh phn trong giao thc: Kh nng trao i, s iu khin hi tr, thao tc bt tay, QoS, dch v.

V SIP c kin trc module, nn SIP d hiu, mm do v d pht trin, tch hp tnh nng mi. H.323 khng c kin trc module nn s nng cp kh khn v gy tn km hn.

ng k. Cc tnh thoi, cc thao tc duy truy cp dng th ng k v khm ph

H tr tin nhn tc thi H tr firewall nh a

C h tr

Khng h tr

C h tr

Khng h tr

Tt c a ch

Host (khng c

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ch

URL bao gm: Email, H.323, http, E.164, URLs

username), gatekeeper resolved alias, s in thoi chun E.164

Giao thc truyn media Tch hp Web

UDP v TCP v trn UDP. Tch hp vi cc giao thc internet (Ngi s dng c th gi mt email cho nhng cuc gi tht bi).

UDP v TCP, v hu ht

S s dng giao thc TCP lm cho thi gian bt tay ko di hn.

cc giao thc da giao thc da trn TCP.

nh tuyn c phn cp cuc gi gia cc tn min Chun ca cc dch v Ch c chun giao thc, khng c chun dch v da vo DNS

Xc nh tnh thng qua Annex G.

Tt c mi thnh phn c chun

Trong phin bn u tin, giao thc H.323 c kh nhiu hn ch. Nhng hn ch ny c gii quyt trong SIP v phin bn th ca H.323. Hin nay, c SIP v H.323 u l nhng giao thc signaling cung cp nhng tnh nng tng ng nhau. H.323 l giao thc ra i trc SIP, H.323 c h tr trong hu ht cc thnh phn ca mng vin thng (tr nhng h thng vin thng dng nhng giao thc ring t pht trin), v giao thc ny s cn c s dng ph bin trong t nht vi nm na. H.323 cn c nhiu im chung vi cc giao thc H.32x khc, nh H.320 cho ISDN, gip cho s lm vic vi cc thit b sn c trong h thng tr nn n gin hn.

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n gin l sc mnh, c bit trn mi trng mng c rt nhiu nh pht trin nh. Ch mt s cng ty ln c th to ra cc ng dng pha ngi dng cho H.323, do s phc tp v gi thnh cao ca H.323. Hi thoi qua mng s tr nn ngy cng ph bin, v c nhiu nhu cu tch hp cc dch v khc da trn ging ni. Mt v d cho ng dng nh th l cc h thng giao tip ting ni, s dng b nhn dng m thanh iu khin t xa mt ng dng hay thit b khc. Nhng ng dng nh th s cn ti cc giao thc n gin, nh SIP, c th tch hp d dng vo phn mm. Nu chng ta so snh cc giao thc truyn mail X.400 v SMTP, chng ta c th thy rng s n gin, kh nng m rng v tnh d dng s dng l nhng yu t quan trng nht quyt nh s s dng rng ri ca giao thc trn mng Internet. 1.5.1.2.2 Giao thc truyn ging ni Giao thc truyn tn hiu ging ni, hnh nh chun c s dng trn mng Internet hin nay l giao thc RTP (Real-time transport protocol). RTP c s dng rng ri trong cc ng dng lin lc v gii tr cn ti streaming d liu. Ti liu c t ca RTP m t hai giao thc con: Giao thc truyn d liu, RTP, chu trch nghim truyn d liu thi gian thc. Thng tin cung cp cho giao thc ny bao gm timestamps ( ng b ha), chui s (cho kim tra gi tin b mt) v tham s ch nh dng ca d liu. Mt giao thc iu khin, RTCP, dng tnh ton cc tham s trn ng truyn RTP ti u ng truyn. Bng thng ca RTCP tng i nh so vi RTP, nm trong khong 5%. C mt vi chun s ha d liu m thanh v mt trong s chng c s dng ch yu trong VoIP. a s cc nh cung cp dch v v thit b h tr mt hoc nhiu cc chun a ra bi ITU nh di y: G.711 l chun mc nh cho tt c cc nh cung cp (dch v v thit b), cng nh cho PSTN. Chun ny s ha voice thnh d liu khng nn c bitrate l 64 Kbps G.729 c h tr bi nhiu nh cung cp cho php nn d liu m bitrate 8 Kbps. Cht lng ca chun ny km hn so vi G.711, n cng l chun ph bin th 2 sau G.711

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G.723.1 l chun nn c khuyn co. Bitrate ca d liu theo chun ny l 6.3 v 5.3 kbps. Mc d chun ny lm gim gng nng bng thng, nhng cht lng thp hn ng k so vi G.729 v khng c ph bin trong VoIP.

G.722 c bitrate 64kbps nhng c trung thc v ting ni cao. Tri vi ba chun trc s dng tn s ly mu vo khong 3.4 kHz, G.722 ly mu vi tn s 7kHz. Chun ny s c s dng ph bin trong tng lai.

Trong mi trng hp, IP phone ly d liu s ca 10 n 30 ms v t n trong gi tin RTP v truyn i. 1.5.1.3 Chn la chun xy dng h thng VoIP over 3G SIP hin ang th hin l chun c dng v s dng ph bin trong tng lai bi s n gin v h tr tng tc tt gia cc h thng khc nhau. Cc bn tin SIP c th hin di dng text base v truyn i trong mng IP tng t nh HTTP. Ta c th pht trin v xy dng dch v voice da trn SIP d v nhanh nh pht trin cc web pages. N khng yu cu cc h tng mng t bic m tn dng cc thit b, server ca mng IP c sn. Hn na ngy nay a s cc thit b IP phone u h tr SIP. Do vy ta s s dng SIP nh l mt gii php cho signaling protocol.

Lung giao thc iu khin SIP

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truyn ti v s ha d liu ta s dng giao thc RTP, s ha m thanh dng codec theo chun G.711 (cho cht lng) v G.729 (cho vic cn bng gia cht lng v bng thng) v 2 codec trn cng c h tr bi a s ci IP phone ngy nay.

Hnh 2.3 RTP speech/talk paths

1.5.2 Kin trc VOIP

1.5.2.1 SIP v cc thnh phn lin quan 1.5.2.1.1 Gii thiu v SIP Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) c chun ha bi Internet Engineering Task Force's (IETF) v n c m t trong mt vi ti liu c gi l RFSs (Request for Comments). RFC3261 l mt trong cc m t mi nht v n c gi l SIP version 2. SIP l giao thc tng application (Xem m hnh OSI) n c s dng thit lp, thay i, v kt thc cc session. Cc session ny c th l conference, e-learning, telephony qua Internet. SIP l giao thc thun text (clear text) tng t nh Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) v n c thit k bt u, gi v ng cc phin giao tip qua li gia cc user. Ngy ny SIP l mt giao thc c s dng nhiu nht cho VoIP v hin din trn hu ht cc IP phone c trn th trng.

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Giao thc SIP h tr 5 tnh nng cho php vic thit lp v kt thc cc multimedia session: User Location: Xc nh a ch endpoint s dng cho cc giao tip. Quyt nh cc tham s ca User: xc nh tham s v phng tin c s dng. User availability: Xc nh user c sn sng (avaiable) hay khng thit lp mt session. Nu mt cuc gi khng th c thc hin, SIP s xc nh do target endpoint khng sn sng (unavaiable) hay khng tr li hoc hay bn. Thit lp cuc gi: Thit lp cc tham s cho ngi gi v ngi nhn, thng bo trng thi ca cuc gi (Ringing, Ringback, ) cho c hai pha. Thit lp cc tham s v media c s dng (codec, ip, port) gia cc UA thng qua Session Description Protocol (SDP) Qun l cuc gi: T chc giao tip hoc kt thc cuc gi. Giao thc SIP c thit k l mt phn ca mt kin trc a phng tin bao gm cc giao thc khc nh RVSP, RTP, RTSP v SDP. Tuy nhin SIP khng ph thuc vo cc giao thc khc lm vic. SIP lm vic theo cch tng t nh vi HTTP. a ch SIP ging nh mt a ch email. Mt c im th v m SIP cung cp cho ta l alias, v vy mt ngi c th c nhiu a ch SIP v d nh: johndoe@sipA.com, +554845678901@sipA.com hoc
45678901@sipA.com

HTTP c cc phng thc nh GET, POST, th SIP cng s dng cc phng thc tng t gi cc bn tin SIP i. Cc phng thc c trong SIP gm c:

Hnh 2.4 SIP message

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p ng cho cc phng thc trn di dng l text nh trong HTML. Mt vi cc p ng quan trng nht trong SIP c lit k nh di y:

Hnh 2.5 SIP response codes

Trong kin trc ca SIP, chng ta c cc user agent v cc server. SIP s dng mt m hnh phn tn peer-to-peer cng vi mt signaling server:

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Hnh 2.6 SIP Trapezoid

1.5.2.1.2 Cc thnh phn ca SIP Nh ni trn SIP l mt giao thc peer-to-peer. Cc peers trong mt session c gi l cc User Agent (UA). Mt UA c th ng vai tr l: User Agent Client (UAC) Client hay terminal m khi to cc SIP request (start SIP signaling) User Agent Server (UAS) Server tr li SIP signaling n t cc UAC. Mt SIP end point c th c c hai vai tr l UAC v UAS. N l UAC khi n gi mt SIP request i, cn l UAS khi n nhn v tr v reponse ng vi request nhn. Nu da trn kin trc ca mng SIP c th chi cc thnh phn ca SIP thnh hai nhm chnh l client v server. Hnh 2.7 minh ha kin trc ca mt mng SIP:

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Hnh 2.7 SIP Architecture

SIP client Sip client bao gm: Phones: C th ng c hai vai tr l UAC v UAS. Softphone v IP phone c th khi to cc SIP request cng nh c th nhn request v tr v SIP response. Gateways: Cung cp kh nng iu khin cuc gi. Gateways cung cp rt nhiu cc dch v nh thc hin thit lp cuc gi, chuyn i audio v video codec SIP server SIP server bao gm: Proxy server: proxy server l mt thit b trung gian m nhn SIP request t mt client v sau chuyn tip request cho ti khi ti c sip client cn ti. Proxy server c th cung cp cc chc nng nh: authentication, authorization, network access control, routing, reliable request retransmission, and security. Redirect server: Cung cp cho client cc thng tin v im tip theo (next hop) cn ti v sau client s gi request ti im m server cung cp c th ti c ch. Registrar server: X l cc requests t cc UAC ng k v tr (ip, port) ca UAC . Registrar servers thng c t cng vi mt redirect hoc proxy server. 1.5.2.1.3 Cch thc hot ng ca SIP Khi User mun s dng IP phone s dng dch v VoIP h phi thc hin bc ng k a ch sip ca h vi mt registrar server. Registrar server cung cp cc thng tin v user cho location server (location database) da trn cc request nhn c t user.

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Khi user thit lp mt cuc gi, mt SIP request c gi ti SIP server (mt proxy server hoc mt redirect server). Trong request ny bao gm a ch ca ngi gi (trng From) v a ch ca ngi nhn (trng To). Phn di y l v d v vic thit lp cuc gi point-to-point s dng mt proxy server v mt redirect server. S dng proxy server Nu s dng proxy server, Caller UA gi mt yu cu INVITE ti proxy server, proxy server xc nh ng i gi request ti ngi nhn (nh Hnh 2.8).

Hnh 2.8 SIP Request Through a Proxy Server

Ngi nhn gi tr response ti proxy server, tng t trn, server gi response v cho ngi nhn (Hnh 2.9).

Hnh 2.9 SIP Response Through a Proxy Server

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Proxy server forward bn tin ACK (acknowledgments) ca c hai pha. Khi mt session c thit lp gia ngi gi v ngi nhn. Giao thc RTP c s dng giao tip gia hai pha (Hnh 2.10).

Hnh 2.10 SIP Session Through a Proxy Server

S dng redirect server Nu s dng redirect server, caller UA gi mt yu cu INVITE ti redirect server, redirect server s truy vn location server xc nh v tr ca ngi nhn, v sau redirect server gi thng tin truy vn c li cho ngi gi. caller UA sau gi li bn tin ACK cho server bo nhn c thng tin (Hnh 2.11).

Hnh 2.11 SIP Request Through a Redirect Server

Caller UA gi mt request ti thit b c ch ra trong thng tin nhn c t redirect serser (c th l a ch trc tip ca ngi nhn hoc l mt server khc m s forward request i). Khi request ti ch, callee UA gi li mt response cho ngi gi. Caller UA

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sau gi tip mt bn tin ACK cho callee UA. RTP c s dng trong giao tip gia ngi gi v ngi nhn (Hnh 2.12).

Hnh 2.12 SIP Session Through a Redirect Server

1.5.2.2 Gii php hng tng VoIP s dng SIP ca CISCO Trong phn ny s gii thiu cc bc thc hin ca gii php VoIP s dng SIP ca Cisco. 1.5.2.2.1 Kt ni cc tng i vin thng vi mng SIP Bc u tin cn thc hin l s dng v cu hnh cc SIP gateway kt ni gia cc tng i vin thng ni b (private branch exchanges - PBXs). Vic kt ni ny s cho php thc hin c cc cuc gi VoIP ti cc thit b ni vi PBXs.

Hnh 2.13 Toll Bypass and DAL Replacement

1.5.2.2.2 Kt ni cc SIP IP phone v SIP proxy Kt ni cc SIP IP phone trc tip ti mng IP v khi s dng cng vi cc thnh phn SIP khc n cung cp cc kh nng nh: call hold, call waiting, call transfer v call forwarding.

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Hnh 2.14 SIP IP phone Support

1.5.2.2.3 Kt ni cc Application Service Cc application service (v d nh mt RADIUS server) c kt ni cng vi SIP proxy server. N cho php SIP proxy server thc hin authentication (qua HTTP digest). S dng AAA v RADIUS server cho php thc hin billing v accounting.

Hnh 2.15 Application Services Support

1.5.2.2.4 Kt ni vi Media Server Media Server (Trong Hnh 2.16 l Unified-messaging) c thm vo mng IP cung cp cc dch v nh IVRs, voice mail, conference v tt c cc dch v lin quan ti media. Hnh 2.16

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Hnh 2.16 IP Telephony Services with Unified Messaging

1.5.2.2.5 H tr VoIP-to-PSTN giao tip ti public switched telephone network (Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng - PSTN), ta cn khi Cisco SS7 Interconnect nh Hnh 2.17

Hnh 2.17 Cisco SS7 Interconnect

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1.5.2.3 Kin trc tng th ca h thng VoIP over 3G Qua kho st v gii php xy dng h thng VoIP ca Cisco cho ta thy c cc dch v v cch thnh phn cn phi c mt mt h thng VoIP. Cc dch v c m t y c th c ci t trn mt hoc mt vi server ty thuc vo kch c ca h thng. Hnh di y m t cc thnh phn cn thit ca mt h thng VoIP m ta s xy dng. Cc thnh phn ny tng i ging nh trong gii php ca Cisco.

Hnh 2.18 The VoIP Provider "Big Picture"

SIP proxy server i cng vi registrar servers: L thnh phn trung tm ca h thng. N p ng cc thao tc ng k ca ngi dng v kt ni ti location database (database nh x gia i ch SIP v a ch IP ca cc UA). SIP proxy thc hin vic SIP routing v signaling, n cng cn c nhim v p ng cc dch v ca end user nh call forwarding, white/blacklist, quay s nhanh, v cc dch v khc. SIP proxy khng thc hin bt c nhim v no lin quan ti media (audio, video). Tt c cc gi tin lin quan ti media c nh tuyn trc tip gia cc UAC, UAS v cc PSTN gateways.

User Provisioning Portal: L mt thnh phn quan trng. Vi portal ny, ngi dng c th chn ng k s dng cc dch v gia tng m h thng cung cp, thay i password Vi ngi qun tr, c th dng portal ny thm, xa user khi h thng, gn hoc g b quyn ca user.

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PSTN gateway: Cn thit nu ta mun giao tip ti mng PSTN. Gateway ny s giao tip vi PSTN s dng knh E1 hoc T1. Trn th trng, cc gateway ny ch yu n t Cisco, AudioCodes v Quintum.

Media Server: SIP proxy khng thc hin bt c nhim v no lin quan ti media. Cc dch v nh IVRs, voicemail, conference v bt c dch v no lin quan ti media nn c ci t trong mt media server. SEMS SIP Express media server, c pht trin bi iptel, c cc tnh nng nh conference, voicemail, v cc tnh nng khc. Asterisk cng c th cung cp tnh nng ny.

Media Proxy hoc RTP proxy: Bt c nh cung cp VoIP no cng cn phi cung cp gii php NAT traversal cho khch hng ca h. Media proxy l mt cu RTP, n gip ngi dng s dng c cc dch v VoIP cho d h ng di mt symmetric firewall (chi tit v vn ny s c cp ti sau). Nu khng s dng proxy, s c khong 35% ngi dng khng s dng c dch v m h thng cung cp.

RADIUS Accounting: Mt server ci t RADIUS c dng ch yu cho vic tnh ton cc ca cc cuc gi. Radiator hoc FreeRADIUS l cc RADIUS c th c dng vi SIP proxy OpenSER.

CDRTool Rating: RADIUS server c cc thng tin v thi gian gi, nhng n khng c thng tin v thu v gi tin ca cuc gi. Ta s dng cng c c tn l CDRTool c pht trin bi AG projects (cdrtool.agprojects.com), n cho php p dng thu v gi tin cho cc cuc gi.

Monitoring Tools: Thnh phn cui cng ta cn l cng c h tr gim st, xc nh li, v cng c kim th, khc phc cc vn xy ra vi SIP server.

1.5.2.4 La chn SIP proxy SIP server l thnh phn quan trng trong h thng VoIP, cho php cc user agent trao i thng tin, ng k ngi dng v trong sut vi h tng mng gia nhiu ngi dng. SIP server cn cung cp cc dch v quan trng khc nh nh tuyn cuc gi, cc chnh sch bo mt, xc thc ngi dng v qun l trng thi user agent. Vi nhng u im ca SIP, cc SIP server thng c phc tp cao. SIP server cn phi lm vic trn nhiu topo mng (nh cc mng cng cng, mng di ng, 3G). SIP server cn c sn sng cao, lm vic vi nhiu giao dch ng thi v cn c kh nng m

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rng. Bng di y thng k mt s h thng open source h tr giao thc SIP trin khai SIP server.

SIP server Asterisk PBX

H iu hnh Linux/BS D, Mac, Solaris

Cc giao thc h tr SIP, H.323, IAX

M ha ng truyn

Cc tnh nng cung cp VoIP gateway, VoiceMail, thanh ton tin, hi tho, hng i cuc gi. H tr chat, mail, fax

Kh nng h tr

Phin bn gn nht

Nh pht trin, ngi dng u cui. Kh nng h tr s lng ngi s dng ph thuc thit k server (c kh nng m rng cho nhiu server) Dng cho mng din rng, home PBX user, softphone user

1.6.2.6 (thng 3, 2010) 1.6 (thng 10, 2010)

Elastix

Linux

SIP, IAX, H323, XMPP

FreeSwitc Linux/BS h D, Mac, Solaris, Windows

SIP, NATPMP, STUN, SIMPLE, XMPP, Google Talk (jingle), IAX, H.323, MRCP,

TLS, SRTP, ZRTP

Ghi nh cuc gi, voicemail, hi tho, RADIUS Enum, IM proxy, streaming, Soft-PBX, IVR (modular)

1.0.6 (16/4/2010 )

GNU

Linux/Fre

RSS, Skype H.323 H.235

H.460.18 firewall traversal, Routing,

Hi tho truyn hnh, VoIP large

2.3.2, (25/5/2010

GateKeep eBSD,

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er Murmur

Mac, Windows Linux/BS D, Mac, Windows CELT/Spee TLS x

Accounting Chat c nhng m html, ACLS cho qun l ngi dng, Ty chnh cho Game, Directinal Audio, H tr plugin, Nested

and small 25-5000 ngi dng

) 1.2.0 (11/11/200 9)

Kamailio/ Linux/BS OpenSIP S (formerly known as OpenSER ) sipX ECS linux IP PBX D, Solaris

SIP, XMPP

TLS

Channels SIP Registrar/proxy, Thch hp cho nh Authentication, Diameter radius, ENUM, least-cost routing cung cp dch v trn SIP

3.0.0 (1/2010)

SIP

HTTPS, TLS

Full Redundancy, plug & play.

200 10.000 nguwoif ung

4.2 (thng 4, 2010)

Kamailio (tn gi c OpenCER) l h thng open source dng trin khai sip server. Mt SIP proxy xy dng t Kamailio c kh nng qun l hng nghn cuc gi mi giy. Kamailio c duy tr v pht trin bi mt cng ng ln cc lp trnh vin c kinh nghim, ngy cng h tr kt ni ti nhiu h thng vin thng khc. Kamailio l phn mm m ngun m ginh gii nht theo bnh chn ca InfoWorld cho cc phn mm m ngun m nm 2009. T nhng u im trn, nhm d n quyt nh s dng Kamailio xy dng h thng.

1.5.3 Chi tit ni dung

Trong cc phn trn ta nu ra c cc thnh phn cn thit, cc dch v m h thng VoIP phi p ng v kin trc ca h thng. Ni dung ca phn ny s i chi tit v ci t ca tng thnh phn v dch v. 1.5.3.1 ng k, thit lp cuc gi vi SIP proxy server 1.5.3.1.1 ng k (SIP registration) 43-BM-VIETTEL 1/0

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Hnh 2.19 SIP Registration Process

SIP phone s dng phng thc REGISTER REGISTER requests ti registrar server. Server nhn v lu cc thng tin trong request nhn c vo location database. Registrar server c th chp nhn cc loi thng tin khc nhau, khng ch a ch IP ca client. N cn nhn cc thng tin khc nh CPL scripts (Call Processing Language) trn server. Trc khi SIP phone c th nhn c cuc gi, n cn c ng k vi location database. Database c cha tt c cc nh x gia a ch SIP tng ng vi a ch IP ca client. Nh trong v d trn th SIP user 8590@voffice.com.br ng k a ch IP 200.180.1.1 Theo RFC3665 nm giao dch register c th c nh m t hnh di y:

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Hnh 2.20 SIP registration flows

1. ng k mi:

Hnh 2.21 Successful New Registration

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Bod gi SIP REGISTER request ti SIP server. Request ny bao gm trong n danh sch lin lc (contact list) ca user (danh sch cc a ch SIP ca Bod). Qu trnh ny s dng HTTP Digest cng vi TLS transport xc thc. SIP server yu cu user nhp thng tin (user ID v password) xc thc. SIP client m ha thng tin ngi dng v gi ti server. Server xc thc thng tin ngi dng, nu thnh cng n tr v chui 200 OK cho SIP client. Ni dung bn tin c gi gia client v server trong v d ny c lit k nh di y:

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2. Cp nht contact list

Hnh 2.22 Update of Contact List

Khi user mun cp nht danh sch cc a ch SIP ca h (mt User c th c nhiu a ch SIP). User gi request REGISTER ti server. Request ny bao gm danh sch contact c cp nht. Server kim xc thc request gi ln, v gi v cho client danh sch contact c cp nht trong trng contact

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3. Truy vn danh sch contact hin ti

Hnh 2.23 Request for Current Contact List

User gi register request ti server v request ny khng c trng contact. Server s tr v danh sch cc contact hin ti ca user (nh giao dch th 2). 4. Hy b ng k

Hnh 2.24 Cancellation of Registration

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Client gi request vi trng Expires c gi tr l 0 nh di y:

5. ng k tht bi

Hnh 2.25 Unsuccessful Registration

Giao dch ny tng t nh giao dch th nht, tuy nhin bc 3 (F3) user nhp thng tin khng hp l (user id hoc password khng chnh xc) dn n xc thc server tht bi. Khi server tr v cho client bn tin nh di y:

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1.5.3.1.2 Thit lp cuc gi Khc vi phng thc REGISTER, phng thc INVITE c s dng thit lp cc media session gia cc user agent. Thng thng trong ni dung ca INVITE request s cha cc thng tin v media ca UAC (trong SDP) v cc thng tin lin quan khc. Nu INVITE request khng cha cc thng tin v media th bn tin ACK phi c thng tin ny (Hnh di).

Nh ni trn, thng tin v media ca UA c t trong SDP (xem thm RFC2327). Tng t nh nh km file trong email, SDP c nh km trong INVITE request nhm mc ch xc nh c cc tham s v media gia cc UA. Media detail (codec), transport address (ip, port) v cc thng tin lin quan ti media khc c trao i gia cc UA. Thng thng INVITE request a ra SDP message (SDP offer) th bn tin 200 OK s cha bn tin SDP tr li cho SDP offer (SDP answer) v d nh trong hai hnh di y. Trong v d ny ta c th thy rng trong SDP offer c GSM codec, nhng SIP khc khng h tr n. UAS tr li cc codec m n support, trong trng hp ny l G.711 ulaw (PCMU) v G.729. (rtpmap:101 l DTMF-relay c m t RFC2833). SDP offer:

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Hnh 2.26 SDP offer

SDP answer:

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Mt media session c thit lp khi cc bn tin INVITE, 200 OK, ACK c trao i gia UAC v UAS. Phng thc BYE c s dng bi mt trong cc UA kt thc media session c thit lp. UAC m khi to mt INVITE request s to ra mt Call-ID duy nht, s dng cho vic xc nh thi gian ca cuc gi. Bin m CSeq c khi to (khng cn gi tr phi bng 1, nhng phi l mt s nguyn) v tng khi c mt request mi t cng mt Call-ID. Trng To v From trong header ca request l a ch SIP ca ngi nhn v ngi gi. Trng Expires trong header ca mt INVITE request cho UAS bit request ny c hiu lc trong khong thi gian bao lu. Mt khi media session c thit lp th trng ny s khng cn ngha na. Trng Session-Expires c th c s dng gii hn thi gian ca mt session.

1. Thit lp session thnh cng

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Hnh 2.27 Successful Session Establishment

Trong phn ny s i chi tit v vic thit lp cuc gi (thit lp sesssion) gia hai SIP UA: Alice (sip:alice@atlanta.example.com) v Bod (sip:bob@biloxi.example.com). S trao i thng tin v media ca UA c t trong SDP payloads. Trong phn ny, cuc gi c thit lp v cui cng yu cu kt thc cuc gi n t pha Bod.

Ni dung bn tin SDP (t on v=0) request ny cho bit. SIP phone ca Alice s nhn RTP audio c codec l G.711 (PCMU) 192.0.2.101:49172

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Ni dung bn tin SDP (t on v=0) response trn cho bit. SIP phone ca Bod s nhn RTP audio c codec l G.711 (PCMU) 192.0.2.201:3456

Sau khi thc hin xong bc 4. RTP stream c thit lp gia Alice v Bod. Bod thc hin gc my. Ch rng gi tr CSeq khng phi l 2 bi INVITE request c to ra bi Alice, cn BYE c to ra bi Bod.

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2. Thit lp session qua hai proxies Chi tit xem RFC 3665: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3665#section-3.2

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Hnh 2.28Session Establishment Through Two Proxies

3. No answer Chi tit xem RFC 3665: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3665#section-3.8 4. Busy Chi tit xem RFC 3665: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3665#section-3.9 5. Khng c response t UAS Chi tit xem RFC 3665: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3665#section-3.10 6. UAS tm thi khng sn sng

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Chi tit xem RFC 3665: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3665#section-3.11

1.5.3.1.3 Ci t v cu hnh proxy server Kamailio(OpenSER) Kamailio (trc kia l OpenSER) l mt SIP server m ngun m vi kh nng thit lp hng nghn cuc gi trong mt giy. N h tr TCP, UDP, SCTP, secure communication thng qua TLS cho VoIP (voice, video), tin nhn tc thi SIMPLE, load balancing, routing fail-over, accounting, authentication v authorization cng vi MySQL, Postgres, Oracle, Radius, LDAP, XMLRPC, SNMP monitoring, kt ni vi PSTN gateway, kt ni ti h thng PBX hoc cc media server nh Asterisk, FreeSWITCH or SEMS. Kamailio c s dng xy dng dch v c VoIP ln. Ni dung phn ny tp trung vo vic hng dn ci t Kamailio v3.1.0 c h tr MySQL trn h thng Debian. 1. Yu cu: C quyn root vi h thng. V cc cng c sau y l cn thit cho cc bc tip theo: git client: apt-get install git-core: S dng ly m ngun mi nht ca kamailio gcc compiler: apt-get install gcc flex : apt-get install flex bison : apt-get install bison libmysqlclient15-dev : apt-get install libmysqlclient15-dev make : apt-get install make Nu nh mun s dng thm nhiu module ca Kamailio hn th cc th vin di y l cn thit: o libcurl : apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev o libxml2 : apt-get install libxml2-dev o libpcre3 : apt-get install libpcre3-dev 2. Ly m ngun mi nht ca Kamailio t GIT To th mc cha m ngun:
mkdir -p /usr/local/src/kamailio-3.1.0 cd /usr/local/src/kamailio-3.1.0

Download m ngun s dng lnh git:

git clone --depth 1 git://git.sip-router.org/sip-router kamailio cd kamailio git checkout -b 3.1 origin/3.1

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3. Sa Makefiles Bc quan trng u tin cu thc hin l set bit flavour cho Kamailio:
make FLAVOUR=kamailio cfg

Cho php module MySQL hot ng:

nano -w modules.lst G b db_mysql khi bin exclude_modules Lu file v tt nano

Hai bc trn c th thc hin bng cch n gin hn:

make FLAVOUR=kamailio include_modules="db_mysql dialplan" cfg

Nu ta mun ci t mi th ca kamailio vo th mc /usr/local/kamailio-3.1 th:

make PREFIX="/usr/local/kamailio-3.1" FLAVOUR=kamailio include_modules="db_mysql dialplan" cfg

4. Bin dch Kamailio Dng lnh make thc hin bin dch
make all

5. Ci t Kamailio Lnh ci t
make install

6. V tr cc file c ci t trn h thng Kamailio sau khi c bin dch v ci t th cc file ca n c t ti:
/usr/local/sbin

Trong th mc ny c: kamailio Kamailio (OpenSER) server kamdbctl on script to v qun l database kamctl on script qun l v iu khin Kamailio (OpenSER) server sercmd - CLI - command line tool tng tc vi Kamailio (OpenSER) server

Thm ng dn '/usr/local/sbin' vo bin mi trng PATH. Ta c th kim tra bng lnh 'echo $PATH'. Nu cha thm th mi file /root/.bash_profile v thm vo cui file:
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin export PATH

Cc modules ca kamailio c ci t :
/usr/local/lib/kamailio/modules/ /usr/local/lib/kamailio/modules_k/

File ti liu v readme file :

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/usr/local/share/doc/kamailio/

File cu hnh:
/usr/local/etc/kamailio/kamailio.cfg

Hng dn s dng:
/usr/local/share/man/man5/ /usr/local/share/man/man8/

7. To MySQL database to MySQL database, ta chy on script sau:

/usr/local/sbin/kamdbctl create

8. Cu hnh Kamailio Cu hnh trong file di y c th chy c cc modules cn thit.

/usr/local/etc/kamailio/kamailio.cfg

chy MySQL thm cc dng di y vo u file:

#!define WITH_MYSQL #!define WITH_AUTH #!define WITH_USRLOCDB

9. Start, stop, restart server: start, stop server chy cc lnh di y:

kamctl start kamctl stop kamctl restart

10. Thm user vo server Thm user test vi password l testpasswd

kamctl add test testpasswd test@mysipserver.com

Nu c hi v bin mi trng SIP_DOMAIN th thc hin lnh sau:

export SIP_DOMAIN=mysipserver.com

Sau khi thc hin cc bc trn, ta c th dng sip phone v ng nhp, thc hin cuc gi ti user khc. 1.5.3.2 NAT v nh hng ca n ti VoIP Cc my tnh v thit b cn c a ch IP giao tip vi nhau trn mng IP. Mi my tnh phi c a ch IP phn bit nhau. Tuy nhin hin nay, Internet ngy cng c s dng rng ri, cc dch v web, tng tc trc tuyn ngy cng pht trin, s lng my tnh kt ni Internet ngy cng nhiu dn n s lng a ch IPv4 thiu ht. IPv6 ra i gip tng

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thm s lng a ch IP tuy nhin cn phi mt thm nhiu thi gian c s dng rng ri. NAT l gii php gii quyt bi ton thiu ht IPv4. NAT (Network Address Translation) l gii php gm c vic s dng mt dy nh cc a ch IP (trong i a s ch dng mt a ch IP) mt ngoi ca firewall hoc router v mt di cc private IP (nh ngha RFC 1918) pha trong ca firewall. Cc my c private IP truy cp ra ngoi mng thng qua IP mt ngoi, v ngc li cc gi tin t ngoi ti firewall v c forward ti cc my bn trong.

C ch NAT thng c ci t firewall v router. a s cc thit b thng thng kt ni vi internet u ng sau NAT. V d nh trong mng ADSL, hay nh mng 3G. RFC1918 nh ngha 3 di IP c dng cho mng ni b, cc di c lit k nh di y: 10.0.0.0 ti 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 ti 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 ti 192.168.255.255

Cc thit b kt ni ti mng 3G ca Viettel cng tng t. Mi thit b ny (in thoi h tr 3G, DCOM 3G, ) u c cp mt a ch private IP c dng 10.x.x.x v n kt ni ra ngoi mng internet thng qua c ch NAT.

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Vic dng NAT c nhiu u im nh gip gii quyt thiu ht IPv4, bo v cc my tnh trong mng ni b trnh s xm nhp tri php t Internet v nhiu u im khc. Tuy nhin NAT ph v cc giao tip trong VoIP. Ni dung trong phn ny s m t cc nh hng ca NAT ti VoIP v cch khc phc. 1.5.3.2.1 Cc loi NAT 1. NAT tnh Full cone NAT Vi loi NAT ny, ta s c mt bng mapping tnh ca cp ip:port bn trong vi ip:port bn ngoi. My tnh ngoi mng c th kt ni ti my trong mng bng cch s dng cp ip:port bn ngoi. Nh hnh di, mi gi tin gi n a ch 200.180.4.168:1234 u s c NAT gi tip ti 10.0.0.1:8000.

2. NAT ng, hn ch IP (restricted cone) Trong loi NAT ny, cp ip:port mt ngoi ch c m khi my trong mng gi cc gi tin ra ngoi. Ni cch khc, my trong mng phi gi gi tin cho my ngoi mng trc v sau my ngoi mng mi c th gi d liu li cho my trong mng. 3. NAT ng, hn ch IP:Port (port restricted cone) Tng t trng hp th 2, tuy nhin ngoi ip bn ngoi m nhn gi tin mi c th gi li th gi tin gi li cng phi n t chnh cng nhn gi tin. Ly v d trong hnh nh trn, my 10.0.0.1:8000 gi gi tin ti 200.210.1.2:3000 thng qua NAT (200.180.4.168:1234). Sau khi my trong mng gi gi tin ti ch, th ch c cc gi tin xut pht t 200.210.1.2:300 mi c th gi gi tin ti 200.180.4.168:1234 n forward vo my trong mng. 4. NAT i xng (symmetric NAT)

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Loi NAT cui cng m symmetric NAT, khc vi ba loi trn ta khng th xc nh trc c cp ip:port mt ngoi ca thit b NAT s nhn gi tin v forward vo bn trong mng. Nh hnh di y, bc 4 khng th thc hin c do bng mapping b thay i.

Nh vy vi loi NAT th 4 ny, ta khng th xc nh trc c mt cp ip:port mt ngoi c th s dng bi cc my tnh bn ngoi mng, do s khng th thc hin c kt ni trao i cc d liu media (v d liu media khng qua mt server trung gian no). Cn vi 3 loi NAT trn, ta s xc nh v truyn d liu media trc tip gia cc my m khng cn phi qua mt server trung gian no. 1.5.3.2.2 Gii php cho cc thit b nm trong NAT 1. Gii php qua NAT cho cc tn hiu SIP V cc User Agent phi kt ni, gi cc SIP request ti mt SIP server chy trn mt a ch c ip v port c nh. Do vy pha server s ghi nhn c ip:port mt ngoi ca thit b kt ni ti n, SIP server s dng thng tin ny gi li cc SIP response nh hnh di:

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2. Gii php truyn cc gi tin RTP qua NAT S dng STUN xc nh trc cp ip:port ca thit b NAT, gi cp ny cho user agent kia, n c th kt ni ti:

Tuy nhin vi gii php ny, ta khng th m bo 100% cc user agent c th giao tip vi nhau v nu user agent di mt symmetric nat th dng STUN s khng gii quyt c vn . S dng RTP proxy (Media Server)

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S dng RTP proxy s gii quyt c 100% cc vn v media m lin quan ti NAT. RTP proxy s chy trn mt a ch IP:Port c nh, cc user agent dng proxy ny l im trung gian trung chuyn cc gi tin RTP cho cc user agent:

Nh trong hnh trn, RTP proxy (media proxy) chy dch v ca mnh trn cp a ch ip:port c nh, nn cc client kt ni ti n, gi gi tin v nhn gi tin mt cch n gin. Tuy nhin khi s dng gii php ny mi d liu media cn phi qua RTP proxy nn ta phi cn mt ng truyn rt ln cho RTP proxy. Mt gii php thng thy l kt hp c STUN v RTP proxy. Cc user agent s phi xc nh loi NAT m n ng sau. Nu khng phi l symmetric NAT th user agent s s dng STUN v ngc li s dng RTP proxy.

1.5.3.3 La chn th vin pht trin ng dng SIP trn client Mi trng pha client c la chn xy dng demo l Android OS (android jdk2.1 API 7). Di y l mt s th vin open source c vit bng C hoc java.

Giao thc

Phin bn

Cc d n s

Ngn ng

H tr

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Osip

release cui v2.0 16/2/2009

dng Partysip (23.600), Linphone(69.400), eXosip (v24/3/2009 y l b th vin m rng Osip, c s dng bi: HomeSIP)

pht trin C

Mjsip NIST SIP OpenSipStack

V1.6 15/5/2006 V1.2 9/11/2004 5/5/2009 OpenSBC (3460), ATLSIP (7050), OSSPhone(331). Java User agent, B2BUA, 3PCC, Proxy, C, C++, python Registrar C th s dng trn nhiu nn tng, th vin kch thc nh (small footprint), Tch hp sn cc gi th vin media, NAT xy dng ng SIP client. c SIPfoundry pht trin

PJSIP

V1.8.5 21/10/2010

Csipsimple, pjsipjni (java native interface), Telephone, artemisa, transferHTTP, opensoftphone, Host indentity protocol for linux (HIPL)

sipXecs

2010

sipX ECS

Yate

V3.0.0 3/5/2010

C/C++

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PJSIP l th vin vit bng C c hiu nng cao, n nh, h tr nhiu nn tng v hin ti ang c pht trin mnh m. Ngoi ra, th vin i km PJSIP c ng gi sn cc th vin x l media, NAT. Vi nhng u im ny, i d n s dng PJSIP pht trin ng dng demo pha client. 1.5.3.4 Vn security trong VoIP SIP khng phi l mt giao thc d dng cho vic m bo an ton. Mt thnh phn trong SIP cn tin tng nhiu thnh phn khc trong mt mng, hn na trong khi s dng SIP cn c cc thao tc user-to-user (trao i d liu media) do lm vic m bo an ton h thng cng kh khn hn. Cc gii php bo mt ngy cng tr nn rt cn thit cho vic trin khai mt h thng VoIP. Ta s cn cc c bo mt ring bit p dng vo cc kha cnh v cc cch s dng khc nhau ca SIP. 1.5.3.4.1 Xc thc d liu signaling s dng HTTP Digest Authentication Nh ta bit cc bn tin SIP c truyn i trong mng l dng clear text. Do nu khng c c ch bo v th thng tin v username v password ca ton b ngi dng s b phi by. SIP digest authentication da trn digest authentication c nh ngha RFC 2617. Vi c ch ny cliet s dng gi tr nonce (Do server sinh ra v gi cho client v l dy s ch dng 1 ln, tng t nh one time password) to ra thng tin gi ln server.

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Thng tin gi ln server gm c checksum ca username, password, gi tr nonce v kt hp vi mt s gi tr khc. Theo cch ny, password ca ngi dng c gi i khng bao gi tn ti di dng clear text v cng khng th gii m c ra password. 1.5.3.4.2 S dng TLS trong mng SIP RFC3261 yu cu s dng TLS cho cc proxy, redirect server v registrar server bo v cc bn tin SIP, n cng khuyn co s dng TLS cho UAS. TLS m bo tnh ton vn cho cc bn tin SIP, v chng li cc tn cng replay. TLS phi c p dng gia cc im trong mng, y l user agent proxy v gia cc proxy.

Cng nh HTTPS, khi user agent kt ni ti mt proxy server c trin khai TLS th pha client cng phi h tr TLS, khi a ch SIP ca user s c dng sips:username@server.com. Vic chi tit ci t TLS cho tng thnh phn trong mng nm ngoi phm vi ca ti liu ny. 1.5.3.4.3 Bo mt cho d liu media SIP ch c vai tr thit lp v qun l session gia cc user agent. Cn vic trao i d liu media l do cc user agent t thc hin, do vic c thc hin m ha d liu data hay khng l do chnh bn thn cc user agent thc hin. RFC1889 cung cp gii php cho vic thc hin m ha d liu media. Mt la chn khc bo v media stream l s dng SRTP [DSRPT]. Vic trao i kha gia cc user agent thng qua SDP.

1.5.4 nh gi kh nng p dng thc t

VoIP vn ang pht trin, hin nay c rt nhiu cc nh cung cp dch v (nh skype) c c hng triu ngi s dng. VoIP cng mi bt u c mt trn cc thit b di ng, vic trin khai p dng VoIP trn h tng mng vin thng s l xu hng ca VoIP trong thi gian ti. Vi cc tm hiu c bn v h thng VoIP trn, ta c c y cc thnh

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phn, cc dch v cn xy dng, cc k thut ban u pht trin ton vn mt h thng. Tuy nhin cc tm hiu c trn mi ch dng li mc h thng, cha th i vo chi tit ht mi kha cnh.

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