Bao Cao Thuc Tap Tot Nghiep

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TP HCM
KHOA IN-IN T VIN THNG

B MN IN T VIN THNG
------00O ** ** O00------

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

ti:
TM HIU H THNG BSS V TI U
MNG DI NG

GVHD: ThS.Ng Th Lan Dung
SVTH :
Nguyn Vn Thuyt - 0851040052
o Thanh Tng - 0851040053
LP : DV08

TP HCM, Thng 4 nm 2012
LI CM N

Trc tin cho php em c gi nhng li cm n chn thnh n qu thy c
gio trng i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti Thnh Ph H Ch Minh, nht l khoa in
in T Vin Thng tn tnh ging dy, truyn t cho em nhng kin thc v kinh
nghim qu bu trong sut thi gian qua.
c bit em xin chn thnh cm n c Ng Th Lan Dung tn tnh hng dn,
ch bo, a ra nhng li khuyn, kp thi sa cha nhng sai xt gip em sm hon
thnh ti ny.
ng thi xin chn thnh cm n cc anh ch trong cng ty c phn vin thng
ng Dng tn tnh ch bo, to iu kin cng nh cung cp ti liu gip chng em
c kin thc thc t thc hin ti.
Cui cng chng em xin cm n chn thnh n tt c bn b gp kin v gip
chng em trong qu trnh lm ti.
Xin chn thnh cm n!

Nhm sinh vin thc hin

NHN XT CA C QUAN THC TP
ee*
n v thc tp : Cng ty C phn Cng ngh Vin Thng ng Dng
Cn b hng dn: K s L Vn Nam T trng t RNO
Sinh vin thc tp: Nguyn Vn Thuyt MSSV: 0851040052
o Thanh Tng MSSV: 0851040053

Lp : DV08
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TP.H Ch Minh, ngy 25 thng 04 nm 2012
K tn

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN THC TP
ee*
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Ch k ca gio vin hng dn

MC LC Trang
LI NI U .................................................................................................................... 1
CHNG I. GII THIU V CNG TY ITT ................................................................. 3
1. S lc v cng ty ........................................................................................................... 3
2. Lnh vc hot ng ......................................................................................................... 3
3. S t chc cng ty, chc nng v nhim v ca tng phng ban .............................. 4
3.1. S t chc cng ty ............................................................................................... 4
3.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca tng phng ban ........................................................... 4
4. Gii thiu chi tit v phng k thut .................................................................................... 6
4.1. Chc nng v nhim v ca t IBC ......................................................................... 6
4.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca t RNO ....................................................................... 6
4.3. Chc nng v nhim v ca t QA & TC ................................................................ 7
CHNG II. GII THIU V CC PHN MM .......................................................... 8
1. MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL ........................................................................................ 8
1.1. Tng quan ................................................................................................................ 8
1.2. ng dng.................................................................................................................. 8
2. MICROSOFT PROJECT ................................................................................................ 9
2.1. Tng quan ................................................................................................................ 9
2.2. ng dng.................................................................................................................. 9
3. TEMS INVESTIGATION ........................................................................................... 10
3.1. Tng quan .............................................................................................................. 10
3.2. ng dng................................................................................................................ 10
CHNG III: H thng trm gc BSS ............................................................................ 13
1. Tng quan ...................................................................................................................... 13
2. Phn h trm gc BSS ................................................................................................... 14
2.1. nh ngha .............................................................................................................. 14
2.2. Cc khi thnh phn trong BSS ............................................................................. 15
2.3. Chc nng v nhim v ca tng khi .................................................................. 15
2.3.1. B iu khin trm gc BSC ............................................................................ 15
2.3.2. Trm thu pht gc BTS .................................................................................... 16
2.3.3. B TRAU (XCDR) .......................................................................................... 16
3. Mt s BTS Ericsson .................................................................................................... 17
3.1. RBS 2206 ............................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1. Mt s c im c bn ................................................................................... 17
3.1.2. Cu trc t RBS 2206 ..................................................................................... 18
3.1.3. Cc thng s k thut ....................................................................................... 19
3.2. RBS 2216 ............................................................................................................... 21
3.2.1. Mt s c im c bn ................................................................................... 21
3.2.2. Cc thng s k thut ....................................................................................... 22
3.2.3. Cu trc t RBS 2216 ..................................................................................... 23
3.3. RBS 6202 ............................................................................................................... 24
3.3.1. Mt s c im c bn ................................................................................... 24
3.3.2. Cc thng s k thut ....................................................................................... 25
3.3.3. Cu trc t RBS 6202 ..................................................................................... 26
3.4. RBS 6601 ............................................................................................................... 26
3.4.1. Mt s c im c bn ................................................................................... 26
3.4.2. Cc thng s k thut ....................................................................................... 27
3.4.3. Cu trc t RBS 6601 ..................................................................................... 28
CHNG IV: RADIO NETWORK OPTIMIZATION .............................................. 30
1. Mc ch, l do v li ch ca vic ti u ha mng v tuyn ..................................... 30
2. Quy Trnh Ti u Mng ............................................................................................... 31
2.1. Qu trnh gim st v phn tch ............................................................................. 33
2.1.1. Xem qua cc s c m cc nhn vin k thut BTS/BSC a ra v cc ch s
KPIs lin quan. ....................................................................................................... 33
2.1.2. Kim tra gi tr cc tham s chnh ca mng .................................................. 34
2.1.3. Thc hin o kim Driving Test trc khi ti u ............................................ 36
2.1.4. Kim tra phn cng thit b v cc cnh bo t OMC ..................................... 36
2.2. Qu trnh nhn din li, thc thi nhng tc ng ti u v kim tra kt qu ........ 36
3. Cc vn v tuyn tiu biu ....................................................................................... 37
3.1. Vn vng ph .................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu vn vng ph .................................................. 37
3.1.2. Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu ca vn vng ph ............................................. 38
3.2. Vn nhiu .......................................................................................................... 38
3.2.1. Cc du hiu ca nhiu .................................................................................... 38
3.2.2. Cc loi nhiu ................................................................................................... 39
3.3. Vn FaDing ....................................................................................................... 40
3.3.1. Fading chun Loga ........................................................................................... 40
3.3.2. Fading Rayleigh ............................................................................................... 40
3.4. Vn nghn knh lu lng TCH ....................................................................... 41
3.4.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu nghn knh lu lng TCH ................................. 41
3.4.2. Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu gy nghn TCH ................................................... 41
3.5. Phn tn thi gian .................................................................................................. 42
3.5.1. Du hiu v nguyn nhn v phn tn thi gian .............................................. 42
3.5.2. Cc trng hp v phn tn thi gian .............................................................. 42
3.6. Cc vn li cuc gi tiu biu ........................................................................... 44
3.6.1. Vn thit lp ng truyn v tuyn ........................................................... 44
3.6.2. Qu trnh n nh knh lu ln TCH ............................................................. 45
3.6.3. Qu trnh TCH.................................................................................................. 46
4. Cc gii php ti u ha mng VMS_Mobifone .......................................................... 46
4.1. o kim Handover gia cc trm .......................................................................... 46
4.2. Phn tch kt qu o sng pht hin nhiu tn s ............................................. 48
4.3. Gii php Repeater cho cc vng lm, cc ta nh cao tng ................................. 51
4.4. Gii php Inbuilding cho c ta nh ...................................................................... 54
CHNG V: KT LUN .............................................................................................. 56
TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................ 57
NHT K THC TP: ................................................................................................... 58
DANH SCH T VIT TT
***
A
ACCH Associated Control Channel Knh iu khin lin kt
AUC Authentication Center Trung tm nhn thc
B
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Knh iu khin qung b
BCH Broadcast Channel Knh qung b
BER Bit Error Rate T l li bt
Bm Full Rate TCH TCH ton tc
BS Base Station Trm gc
BSC Base Station Controller B iu khin trm gc
BSIC Base Station Identity Code M nhn dng trm gc
BSS Base Station Subsystem Phn h trm gc
BTS Base Transceiver Station Trm thu pht gc
C
CCBR SDCCH Blocking Rate T l nghn mch trn SDCCH
CDMA Code Division Multiple a truy nhp phn chia theo
Access m
CDR Call drop rate T l rt cuc gi
Cell Cellular (t bo)
C/I Carrier to Interference T s sng mang/nhiu ng
knh
CSSR Call Successful Rate T l cuc gi thnh cng
E
EDGE Enhanced Datarates for Nng cao tc truyn d liu
Global Evolution
F
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple a truy nhp phn chia theo
Access tn s
FM Fryquency Moducation iu ch tn s
G
GSM Global System for Mobile Thng tin di ng ton cu
Communication
GPRS General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp
H
HLR Home Location Register B ng k nh v thng tr
HO Handover Chuyn giao
HOM Handover Margin Ngng chuyn giao
K
KPIs Key Performance Indicators Cc ch s biu din chnh
L
LA Location Area Vng nh v
LAC Location Area Code M vng nh v
LAI Location Area Identifier S nhn dng vng nh v
Lm Haft Rate TCH TCH bn tc
LTE Long Term Evolution Tin ha lu di
M
MC-CDMA Multi carrier Code Division a sng mang truy cp theo
Multiple Access m
MS Mobile station Trm di ng
MSC Mobile Service Switching Center Tng i di ng
MSSM Multi-Standard Single Mode Mt phng thc a chun

O
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Ghp knh phn chia theo
Division Multiplexing tn s trc giao
OHOSR Outgoing HO Successful Rate T l thnh cng Handover ra
OMC Trung tm vn hnh v bo dng Operation Maintenane Center
P
PCH Paging Channel Knh tm gi
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network Mng di ng mt t cng
cng
Q
QoS Quality of Service Cht lng dch v
R
RACH Random Access Channel Knh truy cp ngu nhin
Rx Receiver My thu
S
SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Knh iu khin dnh ring
Control Channel ng mt mnh (c lp)
SIM Subscriber Identity Modul M un nhn dng thu bao
T
TCBR TCH Blocking Rate T l nghn mch TCH
TCDR TCH Drop Rate T l rt mch trn TCH
TCH Traffic Channel Knh lu lng
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo
thi gian
TRAU Transcoder/Rate Adapter Unit B thch ng tc v chuyn
m
TRX Tranceiver B thu pht
U
UMTS Universal Mobile H thng vin thng di ng
Telecommunications System ton cu
V
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio T s sng ng in p
W
WCDMA Wideband Code Division a truy cp phn m
Multiple Access bng rng

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP GVHD: ThS.NG TH LAN DUNG

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Thuyt- o Thanh Tng Page 1

LI NI U
Hin nay trn th gii mi mt ca i sng x hi u pht trin, khng nhng v
kinh t, khoa hc t nhin m cn rt nhiu lnh vc khc. Ngnh thng tin lin lc
c coi l ngnh mi nhn cn phi i trc mt bc, lm c s cho cc ngnh khc
pht trin. Nhu cu trao i, cp nht thng tin ca con ngi mi ni mi lc ngy
cng cao. Thng tin di ng ra i v pht trin tr thnh mt loi hnh dch v,
phng tin thng tin ph bin, p ng nhu cu ca cuc sng hin i. Cc h thng
thng tin di ng ang pht trin rt nhanh c v qui m, dung lng v c bit l cc
loi hnh dch v mi p ng tt hn nhu cu ca ngi s dng.
Trong nhng nm gn y, lnh vc thng tin di ng trong nc c nhng
bc pht trin vt bc c v c s h tng ln cht lng phc v. Vi s pht trin
ca nhiu nh cung cp dch v vin thng to ra s cnh tranh gia cc nh cung
cp dch v. Cc nh cung cp dch v lin tc a ra cc chnh sch khuyn mi, gim
gi v thu ht c rt nhiu khch hng s dng dch v. Cng vi , mc sng
chung ca ton x hi ngy cng c nng cao khin cho s lng cc thu bao s
dng dch v di ng tng t bin trong cc nm gn y.
Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng trong nc hin ang s dng hai cng ngh l
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication - H thng thng tin di ng ton
cu) vi chun TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access - a truy cp phn chia theo
thi gian) v cng ngh CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access - a truy cp phn chia
theo m). m rng th phn, ngoi vic cnh tranh v gi c, dch v gi tr gia tng,
chm sc khch hng... cc nh cung cp dch v di ng cng khng ngng tp trung
pht trin mng li c vng ph rng, ph su, cht lng ph sng tt.
Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng s dng cng ngh CDMA mang li nhiu tin
ch hn cho khch hng, v cng ang dn ln mnh. Tuy nhin hin ti do nhu cu s
dng ca khch hng nn th phn di ng trong nc phn ln vn thuc v cc nh
cung cp dch v di ng GSM vi s lng cc thu bao l nhiu hn. Chnh v vy


vic ti u ha mng di ng GSM l vic lm rt cn thit v mang mt ngha thc
t rt cao.
Trn c s nhng kin thc tch lu trong nhng nm hc tp chuyn ngnh in
T - Vin Thng ti trng i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TP.HCM cng vi s hng
dn ca C Ng Th Lan Dung, em tm hiu, nghin cu v hon thnh k hoch
thc tp vi ti Tm hiu h thng BSS v ti u mng di ng .
Ni dung bo co gm 4 chng c trnh by theo trnh t sau:
Chng I: Gii thiu v cng ty c phn cng ngh vin thng ng Dng
Chng II: Gii thiu v cc phn mm
Chng III: H thng trm gc BSS
Chng IV: Radio Network Optimization
Chng V: Kt lun



CHNG I: GII THIU V CNG TY
1. S lc v cng ty
CNG TY C PHN CNG NGH VIN THNG NG DNG
Tn ting Anh: Indochina Telecommunication Technology JSC (ITT JSC)
a ch: 111 L Chnh Thng, Lu 5, Qun 3, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, Vit Nam
in thoi: +84-8-384 84 999 - Fax: +84-8-35265085
Website: www.itt.vn
Cng Ty C Phn Cng Ngh Vin Thng ng Dng (ITT) l mt trong nhng
cng ty hng u cung cp cc dch v vin thng. Mc tiu ca chng ti l cung
cp cc gii php, sn phm v dch v thch hp, gp phn cho tim nng pht
trin v gi tr lu bn ca khch hng.
ITT c thnh lp nm 1999 p ng nhu cu tng trng nhanh ca th trng
vin thng ti Vit Nam, Lo v Campuchia.
Qua 12 nm hot ng, nhn s ca cng ty tng t 2 nhn vin ln n hn 140
nhn vin thuc cc b phn kinh doanh, k ton, qun l, vn chuyn, qun l k
thut v qun l d n, cung cp a dng sn phm v dch v.
2. Lnh vc hot ng
Hin ti, cng ty l nh cung cp hng u cc dch v vin thng trong trong cc
cao c (In-building Services) ti Vit Nam v cng l mt trong nhng cng ty tin
phong cung cp dch v cho cc mng di ng 2G v 3G: cc dch v kho st,
kim tra v a vo hot ng cc h thng GSM v CDMA, bo dng, thit k
v ti u ha mng v tuyn cho cc h thng di ng.
ITT cng l nh cung cp ng u v cc gii php cho cc ta cao c. Cc ta
nh ang s dng dch v ca cng ty gm: Renaissance Riverside, The Manor,
Saigon Center, An Dong Plaza, Metropolitan, Bitexco, Legend cng nhiu ta
cao c khc ang c ITT lp t thit b.



3. S t chc cng ty, chc nng v nhim v ca tng phng ban
3.1. S t chc cng ty

Hnh 1-1: S t chc cng ty ITT
3.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca cc phng
3.2.1. Ban gim c
Thc hin cc chin lc kinh doanh m Hi ng qun tr t ra.
iu hnh cng ty t c cc mc tiu cui cng.
Gii quyt cng vic hng ngy ca cng ty
Chu trch nhim v cc mt hot ng ca cng ty trc Hi ng thnh
vin v php lut hin hnh.
Chu trch nhim v cng tc i ngoi.
Quyt nh cc ch tiu v ti chnh.
3.2.2. Phng hnh chnh nhn s
Thc hin cng tc tuyn dng nhn s m bo cht lng theo yu cu,
chin lc ca cng ty.
T chc v phi hp vi cc n v khc thc hin qun l nhn s, o to
v ti o to.
T chc vic qun l nhn s ton cng ty.
Ban gim c
Phng hnh
chnh nhn s
Phng k ton
Phng kinh
doanh
Phng
k thut
T QA & TC T IBC T RNO


Xy dng quy ch lng thng, cc bin php khuyn khch kch thc
ngi lao ng lm vic, thc hin cc ch cho ngi lao ng.
Nghin cu, son tho v trnh duyt cc qui nh p dng trong Cng ty,
xy dng c cu t chc ca cng ty - cc b phn v t chc thc hin.
Phc v cc cng tc hnh chnh BG thun tin trong ch o iu
hnh, phc v hnh chnh cc b phn khc c iu kin hot ng tt.
H tr B phn khc trong vic qun l nhn s v l cu ni gia BG v
ngi lao ng trong cng ty.
3.2.3. Phng k ton
Thc hin nhng cng vic v nghip v chuyn mn ti chnh k ton theo
ng qui nh ca Nh nc v chun mc k ton, nguyn tc k ton .
Theo di, phn nh s vn ng vn kinh doanh ca Cng ty di mi hnh
thi v c vn cho Ban lnh o cc vn lin quan.
Tham mu cho Ban Tng Gim c (BTG) v ch k ton v nhng
thay i ca ch qua tng thi k trong hot ng kinh doanh.
Qun l, theo di ngun vn ca Cng ty trong cc lin doanh, cng trnh.
Gi b mt v s liu k ton - ti chnh v b mt kinh doanh ca cng ty.
3.2.4. Phng kinh doanh
Thc hin tt c cc hot ng xut nhp khu ca Cng ty
Lp cc k hoch Kinh doanh v trin khai thc hin
Thit lp, giao dch trc tip vi h thng khch hng, h thng nh phn
phi
Thc hin hot ng bn hng ti cc Khch hng nhm mang li Doanh thu
cho Doanh nghip
Tham mu, xut cho Ban Tng Gim c, h tr cho cc b phn khc
v kinh doanh,
Tip th, th trng, lp k hoch, tin hnh cc hot ng xut nhp khu.


Phi hp vi cc b phn lin quan nh k ton, sn xut, phn phi,...nhm
mang n cc dch v y nht cho khch hng
3.2.5. Phng k thut
Qun l cng tc k thut, thi cng xy dng, tin , cht lng i vi
nhng gi thu do cng ty k hp ng.
Tham mu gip vic Gim c trong lnh vc tm kim, pht trin v qun
l cc d n u t.
Phi hp vi cc phng, ban chc nng tham gia qun l hot ng sn
xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty.
Bo qun lu gi mt cch c h thng cc ti liu c giao, qun l nht
k ti liu kim tra cc cng trnh.
Thc hin cc nhim v khc v lnh vc k hoch k thut theo s phn
cp, giao quyn ca Gim c.
4. Gii thiu chi tit v phng k thut.
4.1. Chc nng v nhim v ca t IBC
Kho st thc t, lp gii php ti u cho h thng IBS (In-building
Solution) v thit k & ti u ton b h thng IBS.
Gim st hot ng vic thi cng v hon thin h thng IBS ng yu cu
k thut.
Gim st, sa cha v bo dng h thng IBS. Phi hp vi nh cung cp
dch v in thoi di ng (Operator) m bo cho h thng hot ng n
nh.
Kt hp vi cc phng ban chc nng gii quyt cc vng mc trong qu
trnh thc hin d n.
4.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca t RNO
Quy hoch v ti u ho cc mng v CDMA/GSM, bao gm kho st a
im, quy hoch mng, ti u ho mng, phn tch cc thng s then cht.


Ci thin cht lng mng, pht hin v x l cc s c. T Logfile Drive
Test kt hp s liu t OMC thc hin qu trnh phn tch:
- Phn tch nguyn nhn li Drop Call, li Call Setup, li Handover v da
vo cc bn tin Layer 3 a ra cc bin php khc phc.
- Bo co cc ch s KPIs t Drive Test
- Ti u ha Neighbour: kim tra li khai bo neighbour, thm, bt mt s
neighbour cn thit.
- Ti u ha phn cng: Thay i TRX li, thay i gc Tilt, gc Azimuth
- Ti u ha C s d liu: Thay i cc tham s nh ngng chuyn giao
HOM (Handover Margin), cc Timer.
- Hiu chnh li tn s: Thay i li tn s BCCH ti mt s vng c mc
nhiu cao.
Tnh ton lu lng, dung lng v che ph sng nhm cung cp cho
cc khch hng mt gii php mng v tuyn ti u v c gi thnh thp.
M t v din gii cc gii php truy nhp mng v tuyn vi cc khch
hng.
4.3. Chc nng v nhim v ca t QA & TC
Khai thc v tm kim thng tin, t vn v cc gii php ph hp vi nhu
cu ca khch hng
Qun l, quan h khch hng, h tr, chm sc khch hng
Xc nh, nh gi th trng
Lp bo co hng tun v kt qu kinh doanh
Tham gia chun b h s d thu.
Phi hp cng b phn k thut
Lp d ton chnh xc v nhanh chng
Xy dng ti liu d n, cng d n, v gii php


CHNG II: GII THIU V CC PHN MM
1. MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL
1.1. Tng quan
+ MapInfo Professional l phn mm h thng thng tin a l do cng ty MapInfo
(nay l Pitney Bowes) sn xut. Phin bn hin hnh l MapInfo Professional
10.0.
+ MapInfo Professional l phn mm chy trn mi trng Windows, c chc
nng kt ni vi cc ng dng Windows khc (chng hn nh Microsoft
Office). Trn nn mt vn bn Office c th to mt bn MapInfo cho php
ngi dng tng tc c.
+ T phin bn 10.0, MapInfo Professional i mi giao din theo hng gn gi
vi cc phin bn Windows mi hn
2.2. ng dng
+ MapInfo l phn mm bin tp bn vi nhiu tnh nng, tuy nhin, im vt
tri ca MapInfo so vi cc phn mm khc l kh nng bin tp bn chuyn
rt tt vi cng c create thematic map. MapInfo c xy dng ch yu
x l cc s liu bn c sn, cc s liu thuc tnh ca bn , v vy, ta thy
kh nng s ho v thnh lp bn gc khng c h tr nhiu.
+ MapInfo c kh nng kt ni vi cc phn mm khc rt tt, thng qua vic h
tr vic m v lu file vi phn m rng rt a dng. C cng c chuyn i
gia cc nh dng file (Universal Translator).
+ MapInfo Professional c cc chc nng sau:
H tr tt kiu d liu vect vi cc quan h topo
Cho php chng xp cc nh dng nh (raster) lm nn bn
H tr in bn
Kt ni vi Crystal Report (lp bo co da trn c s d liu a l ca bn
)
Lp trnh t ng ha cng vic vi MapBasic.


2. MICROSOFT PROJECT
2.1. Tng quan:
+ Nm 1984, mt cng ty lm vic cho hng Microsoft cho pht hnh phin
bn u tin ca Microsoft Project chy trn h iu hnh DOS. Microsoft
mua li ton b bn quyn phn mm ny v pht hnh phin bn 2 vo nm
1985. Phin bn 3 dnh cho DOS, c pht hnh vo nm 1986. Phin bn 4
cho DOS (Project 4.0 for DOS) l phin bn DOS cui cng, pht hnh nm
1986. Phin bn dng cho Windows u tin c pht hnh vo nm 1990,
v c t tn l Version 1 for Windows.
+ Cc phin bn Microsoft Project tip theo cho Windows c pht hnh vo
cc nm 1992 (phin bn 3), 1993 (phin bn 4), 1995, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003
v 2007.
2.2. ng dng
+ Chng ta u bit rng mt d n cng vic no cng bao gm hai qu trnh ch
yu l thit k v thi cng. Trong hai qu trnh ny th cc yu t bn ngoi lun
gn lin vi chng, v d nh qu trnh thi cng lun b nh hng bi iu kin
v thi tit, v ngun vn, v kh nng cung cp vt liu...
+ Mt nhu cu c t ra l cn c cng c c th qun l, gim st v iu
hnh mt qu trnh, nh qu trnh thit k hay thi cng chng hn. Cng c ny
cn phi c t chc di dng mt h qun l c s d liu v cho php
ngi dng c th t chc, theo di v cp nht cc cng vic hng ngy, ng
thi n cng phi m bo to c cc bo co v tt c cc loi ti nguyn,
nhn lc, chi ph... trong bt c giai on no ca qu trnh.
+ MS Project 2000 ca Microsoft (MS) l mt loi chng trnh nh vy. N
c t chc di dng bng v cc biu quan st. N cho php ngi dng
cp nht, lp cc bng bo co mt cch d dng trong bt c thi im no ca


mt d n. Bn cnh MS Project cn cho php lm vic cng lc vi nhiu
d n, c lp hoc lin quan vi nhau. Mt iu quan trng na l n cung cp
kh nng gii quyt cc vn ny sinh trong qu trnh thc hin d n nh
thay i thi gian thc hin cng tc no , thay i iu kin rng buc cng
tc, phn b li ti nguyn...
+ Cc chc nng chnh:
T chc lp k hoch v qun l d n.
Ln lch cng tc.
Ch nh cc ti nguyn v chi ph cho cc cng vic trong d n.
iu chnh k hoch thch ng vi cc iu kin rng buc.
Chun b cc bo biu cn thit cho d n.
D tr cc tc ng n tin ca d n khi xy ra nhng thay i c
nh hng ln n d n.
Xem xt li d n i ph vi cc tnh hung ngu nhin.
nh gi ti chnh chung ca d n.
In n cc bo biu phc v d n.
Lm vic v qun l theo nhm.
Rt kinh nghim trong khi thc hin d n.
3. TEMS INVESTIGATION
3.1. Tng quan
+ Nhm gip cho cc nh khai thc mng s dng c hiu qu thit b ca nhiu
nh cung cp, hng Ericsson pht trin dng sn phm TEMS, mt trong
nhng cng c dng quy hoch v ti u ha mng di ng th h 2G, 2.5G
v 3G. l cc sn phm TEMS Investigation, TEMS DriveTester v TEMS
CellPlanner.
+ Ericsson cho bit, dng sn phm TEMS gm nhiu gii php a cng ngh cho
tt c cc giai on pht trin trong chu k vn hnh ca mt mng li. TEMS
bao gm mt lot sn phm vi chc nng GSM/GRPS v CDMA2000. Cc


thit b ny c th tng thch vi cc chun cng ngh ln trn ton th gii
cng vi thit b ca nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau.

Hnh 2-1: Phn mm TEMS Investigation
3.2. ng dng
+ TEMS Investigation l thit b o giao din khng gian sa li, kim nh,
ti u ha v bo tr mng thng tin di ng qua giao din v tuyn. N cho
php ta theo di c knh thoi hay knh d liu qua GPRS. Do d liu hin th
dng thi gian thc nn n h tr rt tt cho vic pht hin s c, ti u ho
mng. Cc d liu cng c th c ghi li phc v cho vic phn tch nh gi
v sau. N bao gm mt my in thoi vi phn mm v mt ng dng ti u
ha c ci trong my tnh. Cng c ny thc hin cc cuc gi vo cc
khong thi gian ngn lin tc ti trm pht v cc d liu thi gian thc hin
trn mn hnh my tnh cho bit nhng g ang din ra trong mng li. Nh
ngi ta c th xem xt cc knh tn hiu khc nhau, v trong mng li u
cc cuc gi ang b rt v ti sao.



Hnh 2-2: S kt ni cc thit b khi Driving Test
+ Cc chc nng ca TEMS
Kim tra cc thng s ca trm BTS theo thit k v tuyn: BCCH, TCH,
BSIC, Neighbour, LAC,
o kim cc thng s v cht lng trn ng v tuyn: C/I, BER,
RxLevel, RxQuality
o kim cc thng s v cht lng cuc gi: CSSR, CDR, HO, SQI,
DTX, Power control
Pht hin nhiu nh vic qut tn s.
Kim tra vng ph sng ca mt trm BTS hay mt khu vc.
Kim tra hot ng ca trm BTS.
Ghi li logfile phc v cho vic phn tch cht lng mng .


CHNG III: H THNG TRM GC BSS
1. Tng quan
Gii thiu chung:
H thng thng tin di ng t bo s (Digital Cellular mobile communication
systems) hay cn gi l h thng thng tin di ng (mobile systems) l h thng
lin lc vi nhiu im truy nhp khc nhau (access points, or base stations) trn
mt vng a l hay cn goi l cc cell. Ngi s dng c th di chuyn trong
vng ph sng ca cc trm (base station).
Ra i vo nhng nm 1920 ( l cc phng tin thng tin gia cc n v cnh
st M ). Nm 1982 s dng k thut TDMA l Nhm c trch di ng GSM
(Group Special Mobile) sau ny c i thnh H thng di ng ton cu (Global
System for Mobile communications. Nm 1991 Qualcomm trin khai h thng di
ng trn cng ngh CDMA chun IS-95A (Interim Standard-95A)
Vit Nam s dng GSM t 1993 n 7/2003 trin khai h thng di ng theo cng
ngh CDMA v a vo s dng
Cc th h :
First Generation (1G)
H thng thng tin di ng tng t s dng phng thc a truy nhp phn
chia theo tn s FDMA v iu ch tn s FM.
c im: - Phng thc truy nhp: FDMA
- Dch v n thun l thoi
- Cht lng thp
- Bo mt km
Second Generation (2G)
H thng di ng s t bo: - Dung lng tng
- Cht lng thoi tt hn
- H tr cc dch v s liu (data)
Phng thc truy nhp: TDMA, CDMA bng hp (NarrowBand)


Chuyn mch: chuyn mch knh (Circuit Switching).
Evolved Second Generation (2.5 G)
Cc dch v s liu ci tin : - Tc bit data cao hn.
- H tr kt ni Internet.
Phng thc chuyn mch: - Chuyn mch gi - Packet Switching
V d: - GPRS - General Packet Radio Services: Nng cp t mng GSM
nhm h tr chuyn mch gi (172 kbps).
- EDGE - Enhance Data rate for GSM Evolution: H tr tc bit cao
hn GPRS trn nn GSM (384 kbps).
Third Generation (3G)
H tr cc dch v s liu gi tc cao:
- Di chuyn trn cc phng tin (Vehicles): 144 kbps - Macro Cell
- i b, di chuyn chm (Pedestrians): 384 kbps Micro cell
- Vn phng ( Indoor, stationary users) 2 Mbps - Pico cell
Dch v a phng tin, kt ni qua Internet, v d nh: Video Streaming, video
conference, web browsing, email, navigational maps
Hai hng tiu chun cho mng 3G
- W-CDMA: UTMS: Pht trint h thng GSM, GPRS
- CDMA 2000 1xEVDO: Pht trint h thng CDMA IS-95
Fourth Generation (4G)
Hin nay ang xy dng chun.
Ci tin v dch v d liu: Tc bit: 20 100 Mb/s.
Phng thc iu ch: OFDM, MC-CDMA
Xu hng kt hp: mng li IP + mng truy nhp di ng (3G) v truy nhp v
tuyn Wimax & Wi-Fi !

2. Phn h trm gc BSS
2.1. nh ngha:


Base Station Subsystem (BSS) H thng trm gc l mt phn ca mng thng tin
di ng GSM n chu trch nhim truyn v giao tip gia my in thoi di ng v
H thng chuyn mch. BSS thc hin vic truyn cc knh thoi m ho, cp pht
cc knh sng cho my in thoi di ng, qun l cht lng truyn v nhn thng
qua giao tip bng sng cao tn (air interface) v thc hin nhiu vic khc lin quan
ti mng truyn dn bng sng radio.

Hnh 3-1: Cu trc mng GSM

2.2. Cc khi thnh phn trong BSS
BSS = TRAU + BSC + BTS
- TRAU (XCDR): B chuyn i m v phi hp tc .
- BSC: B iu khin trm gc.
- BTS: trm thu pht gc.
BSS kt ni vi NSS qua lung PCM c s 2 Mbps.

2.3. Chc nng v nhim v ca tng khi
2.3.1. B iu khin trm gc BSC
- BSC: Base Station Controller


- B iu khin trm gc BSC thc hin cc chc nng sau:
- iu khin mt s trm BTS: x l cc bn tin bo hiu, iu khin, vn
hnh & bo dng i/n BTS.
- Khi to kt ni.
- iu khin chuyn giao: Intra & Inter BTS HO
- Kt ni n MSC, BTS v OMC.
2.3.2. Trm thu pht gc BTS
- BTS: Base Tranceiver Station hoc BS: Base Station bao gm cc thnh
phn: Module giao tip,h thng cc Anten,cc phn cng phc v cho vic
giao tip v tuyn
- Trm thu pht gc BTS thc hin cc chc nng sau:
- Thu pht v tuyn (Radio Carrier Tx and Rx)
- nh x knh logic vo knh vt l (Logical to physical Channel Mapping )
- M ha/gii m ha (Coding/Decoding)
- Mt m ha/gii mt m ha (Ciphering/Deciphering)
- iu ch / gii iu ch (Modulating/ Demodulating)
2.3.3. B TRAU (XCDR)
- TRAU: Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit hoc XCDR : TransCoDeR
- XCDR : l b iu khin chuyn i m t xa: giao tip gia knh PCM
64kbit/s v knh v tuyn 13kbit/s.
- Khi truyn knh v tuyn 64kbit/s lm cho hiu qu s dng bng thng knh
v tuyn gim .
- XCDR c th ghp 4 knh thoi song song thnh knh 64kbit/s ni tip
(E1/T1).
- Gim s ng E1/T1 kt ni n BSC.


Hnh 3-2: S chuyn i m ca b TRAU

3. Mt s BTS Ericsson
3.1. RBS 2206
3.1.1. Mt s c im c bn
o Loi thit b: cng ngh GSM, t indoor (dng lp t trong phng kn), dng cho
marco, h tr ti a 12 TRX/1t.

Hnh 3-3: Dng thit b RBS 2000



o Mc d c kch thc tng ng vi t RBS 2202 nhng c dung lng gp
i v s dng b thu pht v b kt hp kp (double capacity transceiver and
combiners).
o Khi thu pht kp c k hiu l dTRU c cng kch thc vi TRU n nhng
cha ti 2 b thu pht (TRU = Transceiver Unit).
o dTRU dng trong t RBS2206 c kh nng h tr EDGE (cng ngh di ng th
h 2,5G tip theo ca GPRS) p ng gii php giao tip s liu vi tc cao.
RBS 2206 c kh nng h tr EDGE trn c 12 b thu pht.
o RBS2206 s dng 2 loi b kt hp mi (combiner) rt linh hot, do 1 t
RBS2206 th hot ng vi cu hnh 1 sector, 2 sector hoc 3 sector, c th s
dng kt hp bng tn GSM900/1800, GSM800/1900 hay GSM800/1800.
- Khi s dng b kt hp lc (filter combiner, k hiu: CDU-F) th RBS2206 h
tr hot ng mt trong cc cu hnh l 3x4 (4/4/4), 2x6 (6/6) v 1x12 (Omni
12) s dng cc bng tn GSM900 v 1800.
- CDU-G combiner c th c cu hnh theo 2 ch : ch dung lng v
ch vng ph. Khi hot ng ch vng ph, cng sut ti u ra ca
n tng ln 3,5 dB v rt hiu qu vi cc site c vng ph sng l nng thn,
ngoi hoc khi bt u cung cp dch v cho mt khu vc mi vi chi ph
thp nht. hot ng vi cu hnh 4/4/4 ta phi s dng 3 khi CDU-G.
3.1.2. Cu trc t RBS 2206
Mt t RBS 2206 bao gm cc khi sau:
n v cp ngun PSU (power supply unit)
n v chuyn mch phn phi DXU (Distribution switch unit)
M un phn phi trong (Internal distribution module)
B thu pht kp dTRU (double transceiver unit)
B phn hon chuyn cu hnh CSU (Configuration switch unit)
B phn phn phi v kt hp CDU (Combiner and Distribution unit)
n v u ni in xoay chiu v mt chiu ACCU/DCCU (AC or DC
connection unit)


Khi iu khin qut FCU (Fan control unit)
B lc in mt chiu (DC Filter)
3.1.3. Cc thng s k thut
+ Cc thng s c hc
Thit b
rng mt trc
(mm)
rng mt bn
(mm)
Chiu cao
T c lp
khung
600 400 1850
T khng c
khung
600 400 1800

Thit b Trng lng (kg)
T gn y cc khi card v c lp
khung
230

Bng 3-1: Cc thng s c hc ca t RBS 2206
+ Cc yu cu v ngun in v cng sut tiu th
Cc ngun cung cp m bo yu cu
- (48/60) VDC
+24 VDC
120-250 VAC

Bng 3-2: Yu cu v ngun in ca t RBS 2206
in nng tiu th ti a ca RBS2206 l 3855 W (i vi ngun cung cp
l 120 - 250 VAC)
Nu dng c acquy d phng th in nng tiu th acquy np y c th
ln n mc tm thi l 5780 W.
Cc thng s trn c tnh trong ch hot ng vi mc ti ti a vi
iu kin tiu chun. S tiu th in nng trong qu trnh hot ng cn tu
thuc vo cu hnh trm.



+ c im k thut v tuyn GSM 800 ca t RBS 2206
Di tn thu 824 - 849 MHz
Di tn pht 869 - 894 MHz
rng bng tn sng mang 200 KHz
S knh trn mt sng mang 8 knh ton tc (full rate)
Phng php iu ch GMSK, EDGE-dTRU dng c GMSK ln
8-PSK
Khong cch gia 2 tn s thuc
cng cp tn s song cng pht v
thu
45 MHz
Bng 3-3: c im k thut v tuyn GSM 800 ca t RBS 2206
+ c im v tuyn GSM 900 ca t RBS 2206
Di tn thu 880 - 915 MHz (E-GSM) v 890 - 915 MHz (P-GSM)
Di tn pht 925 - 960 MHz (E-GSM) v 935 - 960 MHz (P-GSM)
rng bng tn
sng mang
200 KHz
S knh tng ng
vi 1 sng mang
8 knh ton tc
Phng php iu
ch
GMSK, EDGE - dTRU dng c GMSK ln 8-PSK
Khong cch gia 2
tn s thuc cng
mt cp tn s song
cng thu v pht
45 MHz

+ c im k thut v tuyn GSM 1800
rng bng tn sng
mang
200 KHz


S knh tng ng vi 1
sng mang
8 knh ton tc
Phng php iu ch GMSK, EDGE - dTRU dng c GMSK ln 8-PSK
Khong cch gia 2 tn s
thuc cng mt cp tn s
song cng thu v pht
95 MHz

+ c im k thut v tuyn GSM 1900

rng bng tn sng mang 200 KHz
S knh tng ng vi 1 sng mang 8 knh ton tc
Phng php iu ch GMSK, EDGE - dTRU dng c GMSK
ln 8-PSK
Khong cch gia 2 tn s thuc cng
mt cp tn s song cng thu v pht
80 MHz

O Cng sut pht ca RBS c iu khin mt cch linh hot. Ta c th gim cng
sut pht i ti a l 30 dB (k t mc pht ti a) vi mi nc gim l 2dB.
3.2. RBS 2216
RBS 2216, mt thnh vin ca dng RBS 2000, l mt trm thu pht gc indoor
h tr 12-Tranciever (12-TRX).
RBS 2216 c dung lng cao, n c s dng cho cc ng dng trong nh, c
ti su cp n v v tuyn (DRU).
Cc tnh nng c h tr:
- Mt t c 1, 2, hoc 3 sector
- Cng h thng antenna vi GSM, CDMA hoc WCDMA


- M ha v bo mt.
- H tr EDGE, cc cu hnh v tuyn P-GSM 900, E-GSM 900 v GSM
1800
- Cc phng n h tr truyn dn:
+ T1 1544 Kbps, 100 , vi PCM ng b
+ E1 2048 Kbps, 75 , vi PCM ng b
+ E1 2048 Kbps, 120 , vi PCM ng b
+ Cc yu cu v ngun in
Cc ngun cung cp m bo yu cu
-48 V DC
200250 V AC (50/60 Hz)
+24 V DC, khng cn n v kt ni DC (DCCU) v ngun Cung cp n v(PSU)

+ Cc thng s c hc
T gn y cc khi card v c lp khung 168.6

Thit b RBS
2216
rng mt trc
(mm)
rng mt bn
(mm)
Chiu cao (mm)
T c lp
khung
600 523 950
T khng c
khung
600 523 900




3.2.3. Cu trc t RBS 2216
Tn cc khi S lng M t
Double Radio Units (DRU) 16 DRU x l pht v thu cho cc sng
mang v tuyn.
Khi kt ni AC (ACCU) 1 ACCU kt ni, ngt kt ni, v phn
phi ngun AC n cc khi cung
cp ngun PSU.

Khi kt ni DC (DCCU)

1
DCCU kt ni, ngt kt ni, v phn
phi ngun AC n cc khi cung
cp ngun PSU.
Khi phn phi chuyn mch
(DXU)
1 DXU l n v iu khin trung tm
cho RBS. N h tr cc giao din
vi BSC, thu thp v truyn bo
hiu. DXU cng c cung cp bn
cng cho cc giao din truyn. N c
th x l c hai giao din truyn E1
v T1. DXU c h tr phn cng cho
EDGE cho 12 TRX.

Khi iu khin qut (FCU)

1

FCU iu khin tc ca cc qut.
FCU c gim st bi DXU.

Module phn phi bn trong
(IDM)

1
IDM l mt bng iu khin phn
phi ngun 24 V DC n cc khi
khc nhau bn trong. Mi vi mch
trong t u c kt ni vi 1 IDM
ngt mch

PSU c sn trong hai phin bn,
PSU-AC kt ni vi ngun in AC,


Khi cung cp ngun (PSU)

0-3
hoc PSU-DC kt ni n 48 V
DC.
Cc AC PSU-chuyn i 200-250
V quy nh 24 V DC
Cc PSU-DC chuyn i 48 V DC
quy nh 24 V DC

Bng 3-9: Cu trc t RBS 2216
3.3. RBS 6202
RBS 6202 l mt RBS indoor dng cho macro v l thnh vin dng RBS
6000.
Tnh nng chnh ca RBS 6202 nh sau:
- H tr LTE, WCDMA v GSM.
- H tr Multi-Standard Single Mode (MSSM): MSSM cho php mt RBS
c cu hnh vi hai h thng truy cp v tuyn trong cng mt t. Cc
node phi lun lun c cu hnh nh cc node s cp hay th cp. Mi
node truy cp h thng v tuyn c qun l ring bit bng cch s dng
ca cc cng c v tuyn chun ca n nhng ch c node iu khin chnh
v gim st h tr h thng. MSSM cho php s kt hp sau y ca cc h
thng truy cp v tuyn:
+ GSM v WCDMA
+ GSM v LTE
+ WCDMA v LTE
- N l mt RBS hon chnh vi mt subrack radio.
- C th cu hnh ti a su khi v tuyn (RU) v hai khi k thut s (DU).
- Ngun -48V DC, hai dy, h tr h thng bo ng bn ngoi.


- C th c ci t trong mt rack 19-inch hoc trong t. N cng c th
c ci t vi mt khung gn trn sn, tng, hoc trn u ca RBS
2216, hoc RBS 3216.
+ Cc thng s c hc
Thit b RBS
6202
rng mt trc
(mm)
rng mt bn
(mm)
Chiu cao (mm)
T c lp
khung
500 555 584
T khng c
khung
500 525 490

T gn y cc khi card v c lp
khung
< 99

+ Cc yu cu v ngun in

Ngun chnh Cc iu kin Cc gi tr v phm vi

-48 V DC, hai dy
in p danh nh -48 V DC
Di in p hot ng -40,0 n -57,6 V DC
in p khng ph hy 0 n -60,0 V DC
in cm cp ngun 2-30 H
Chiu di cp ti a gia cc t 10 m
in p ngn mch ln nht 5 kA




3.3.3. Cu trc t RBS 6202
Tn cc khi S lng M t
Module qut 2 Lm mt RBS
Kt ni lc ngun (PCF) 1 Lc v bo v qu p

Khi h tr iu khin
(SCU)

1
SCU s kim sot cc qut v h tr
bn ngoi bus EC-bao gm c ngun cho
khi h tr bo hiu (SAU).
SCU c th hot ng nh mt HUB gii
hn khi hai dy RBS: -48 V DC
Khi phn phi ngun
(PDU)
1 Cc PDU phn phi hp nht -48 V DC n
cc khi trong RBS.

Khi v tuyn (RU)

1-6
RU nhn cc d liu s v chuyn i n
thnh tn hiu tng t. N cng nhn c
tn hiu v tuyn v chuyn i chng thnh
tn hiu k thut s.

Khi k thut s (DU)

1-2
Cc DU cung cp chuyn mch, qun l lu
lng, thi gian, x l bng gc, v giao din
v tuyn.
Khi lc ngun (PFU) 0-1 PFU n nh ca h thng in p -48 V DC
trong RBS.

3.4. RBS 6601
RBS 6601 l mt RBS main-remote v l thnh vin ca dng RBS 6000. RBS
6601 bao gm mt main unit indoor v mt s RRU c thit k nm gn cc
ng ten. Mt si cp quang kt ni mi RRU n main unit, Cc cp si quang
th c tiu chun trong khong t 300 m.


Cc mng cp quang cng c th c m rng hoc xy dng t vic s dng
cc mng cp thu. Trong trng hp ny phn m rng v tr ca mng
li si phi c xem xt.H tr tng ng khong cch gia main unit v
RRU l 40 km cho WCDMA
i vi WCDMA, RBS thng cu hnh vi ti a 3 sector v 4 sng mang.
i vi GSM l 3 sector v 8 sng mang v cho LTE bnh thng l vo 3
sector. S RRU h tr ph thuc vo cu hnh v tuyn c sn
Tnh nng chnh ca RBS 6601 nh sau:
- Bao gm mt subrack da trn main unit c lu tr trong mt cu trc
rack 19-inch, hoc l RBS hin ti hoc gi tiu chun khc
- C -48 V DC (hai dy) cung cp in
- H tr h thng nh v ton cu bn ngoi (GPS)
- H tr tch hp h thng bo ng bn ngoi.
+ Cc thng s c hc
Kch thc
Chiu cao 66 mm
rng mt trc 483 mm (19 inch)
rng mt bn 350 mm
Trng lng
Main unit c trang b y < 10kg

+ Cc yu cu v ngun in v cng sut tiu th
Main unit c sn giao din mt dy i ngun -48 V DC
iu kin Gi tr v phm vi
in p danh nh -48 V DC
Di in p hot ng -40,0 n -57,6 V DC
in p khng ph hy 0 n -60 V DC



Cng sut tiu th ca main unit ph thuc vo cu hnh DU. Nhng s liu trnh
by trong bng cng bao gm cng sut cho mt SAU bn ngoi (10w).
Lu : Nhng s liu sau y i din cho mc tiu th cng sut ti a v khng
c s dng tnh tiu th cng sut trung bnh.
Cu hnh DU Cng sut tiu th ti a, main unit
1 x DUW 305 W
2 x DUG 145 W
2 x DUL 250 W

3.4.3. Cu trc t RBS 6601

V tr Tn cc khi S lng M t

A

H thng h tr

1
Gm cc module qut, giao din phn
phi ngun DC n cc DU v SAU
bn ngoi, h thng bo ng bn ngoi.

A1

Module qut

1
Cc qut lm mt DU v cc h thng h
tr ca thit b in t ni b. C th
thay th mt sau ca maint unit.
A2 Chn di ng 2 Dng lp main unit vo gi
Cc DU cung cp chuyn mch, qun l


B

DU 1-2 lu lng, thi gian, x l bng gc v
giao din v tuyn.


CHNG IV: TI U HA TRONG MNG GSM
1. Mc ch, l do v li ch ca vic ti u ha mng v tuyn
1.1. Mc ch:
-Mc ch ch yu ca vic ti u ho mng l duy tr v ci thin ton b cht
lng v dung lng hin thi ca mng di ng. Mc ch ca vic ti u l t c
1 hay cc mc ch nh sau:
- nhn din chnh xc cc suy gim hiu sut mng. Cc suy gim ny c nhn
din qua vic gim st lin tc cc KPIs ca mng c nh ngha hay qua cc phn
nh ca khch hng.
-Khi bt u thit k mng, cht lng ca dch v (QoS) phi c ngh n
khch hng. Ti u chc chn hiu sut mng c duy tr vi cht lng dch v
khng thay i.
- lm cho mng hin ti c hiu sut cao hn.
1.2. L do:
O Cc l do ca vic thc hin qu trnh ti u mng:
-Sau khi hon thnh trin khai mng, pht hin li khi gim st KPIs do vic hoch
nh ban u khng tt bi tn hiu ng truyn v tuyn tht s khng nh cng c thit
k d on do c s d liu u vo thit k khng chnh xc v phn b ti lu lng
tht s th khc so vi cc d on da trn cc thng k khi thit k.
-Do vic b sung cc tnh nng, dch v mi (v d: dch v tin nhn
SMS/GPRS/EDGE) trong n lc gii thiu dch v mi vi nh hng nh nht n
cht lng dch v hin ti v nh nht chi ph u t b sung.
-Ti u hiu chnh cc vn c nhn din lm gim hiu sut mng sau khi
kim tra (Audit) mng.
-Thc hin hiu chnh, ti u khi gim st nhn din c tnh cht lng mng KPIs
suy gim.
-Ci thin hiu sut mng t c cc yu cu kinh doanh.


-Do lu lng ngy cng tng, cu trc mng thay i nhanh chng v ngy cng
phc tp.
-Tinh chnh, thay i cc tham s hot ng mng nh tng gim vng phc v cell
bng cc thay i tham s chuyn giao, thay i gc ngng anten, tng, gim cng sut
pht,...
1.3. Cc li ch ca ti u ho:
-Duy tr, ci thin cht lng dch v hin ti.
-Gim t l ri b mng ca cc khch hng hin ti.
-Thu ht khch hng mi qua vic cung cp cc dch v hay cht lng dch v tt
hn bng vic nng cao c tnh mng.
-t c ti a li nhun do cc dch v to ra bi vic s dng ti a hiu sut ca
cc phn t chc nng mng.
2. Quy Trnh Ti u Mng:

Qun l c tnh cht lng mng.
Vic ti u cht lng mng
Hnh 4-1: Lu ti u mng


O Ti u mng GSM l mt quy trnh khp kn khng c im kt thc. Tm thi
c th chia thnh cc bc chnh: Gim st -> Phn tch d liu-> Nhn din
li/Thc thi cc thay i -> Kim tra -> Gim st
Gim st:
-C th theo di s hot ng ca mng bng nhng cch khc nhau, v d s
dng cc tham s mng, cc cnh bo, cc log file o kim Driving Test, cc phn
nh t khch hng. Ph bin nht l xem xt cc thng k thng s ca mng mi
ngy, cc cnh bo (t OMC), v RNO h tr vic gim st thng xuyn cc cells
km cht lng hay cc cells c lu lng cao qua cc ch s KPIs ( Key
Performance Indicators Cc ch s biu din chnh ).
Phn tch d liu:
-D nhin vic phn tch mt cch chnh xc v r rng s gip cho vic khc
phc s c c nhanh chng hn. Qu trnh phn tch nn bt u cng sm cng
tt ngay khi s c xut hin trong mng. Ngoi tt c cc cng c (Tools) h tr
hin c, qu trnh phn tch cng nn s dng cc b m counters v cc ch s
KPIs. Phng php chnh l xc nh thi im bt u xut hin s c v tm
cch gii quyt trit .
Nhn din li, thc thi cc thay i:
-Sau khi phn tch, cn phi a ra nhng hnh ng c th khc phc s c:
thay i tn s, tinh chnh tilt, azimuth, neighbours, cc tham s mng, reset cards
hot ng km hiu qu, kim tra anten, feeder, ngun, cng sut pht, thay cards
hng,
Kim tra :
-Khu ny rt quan trng kim tra li tnh ng n ca cc hnh ng khc
phc trn ( V nhng tc ng khng phi lc no cng hon ton ng, c th
khc phc c s c, c th khng nh hng, c th i lch hng lm tnh hnh
ti t hn). Nn s dng cc cng c (tools) nh OMC, RNO, thit b o kim
TEMS hay cc phn nh t khch hng cho vic kim tra ny.


-Nu s c c x l thnh cng, s tip tc quay li qu trnh gim st ban
u, cho n khi li pht hin s c mi. Lu qu trnh kim tra cn c thc
hin cn thn ( u tin mc TRX/cell, n cluster, sau l ton mng ). Chnh
v vy ti u mng GSM l mt quy trnh khp kn khng c im kt thc.
O Trong qu trnh thc hin c th linh ng kt hp cc giai on vi nhau. C th
chia lm 2 qu trnh chnh:
+ Qu trnh gim st v phn tch c xem nh qu trnh qun l c tnh cht
lng mng.
+ Qu trnh nhn din vn , thc thi nhng tc ng ti u v kim tra kt qu
c xem nh qu trnh ti u ho mng..
2.1 . Qu trnh gim st v phn tch (qu trnh qun l c tnh cht lng mng):
-Hai giai on gim st v phn tch c kt hp thnh mt qu trnh v thc hin
ng thi. Vn chnh cn gii quyt l cc li v tuyn.
-Qu trnh ny bao gm 4 bc chnh:
nh gi cc s c m cc nhn vin k thut BTS/BSC a ra v cc ch s
KPIs lin quan.
Kim tra gi tr cc tham s chnh ca mng.
Thc hin o kim Driving Test trc khi ti u
Kim tra phn cng thit b (card TRX, ANC, BTS, thit b truyn dn, BSC..) v
cc cnh bo t OMC_R
2.1.1. Xem qua cc s c m cc nhn vin k thut BTS/BSC a ra v cc ch s
KPIs lin quan:
-Bc u tin trong qu trnh qun l cht lng mng l phi nh ngha cc ch s
cht lng dch v (QoS : Quality of Service ) nh t l rt cuc gi, t l cuc gi thnh
cng,.... Cc ch s ny s h tr pht hin cc cell c cht lng dch v (th hin qua
thng k KPIs) km hn cc yu cu cht lng dch v t ra. Nh c th gii quyt
cc s c nh hng n cell. Bc ny bao gm 4 bc nh.

Phn tch cc ch s QoS


-Cn xem v phn tch k cc ch s KPIs chnh nh: T l thit lp cuc gi thnh
cng (CSSR), T l rt cuc gi (CDR), T l chuyn giao ra thnh cng (HOSR), t l
chuyn giao vo thnh cng (HISR), T l nghn knh lu lng TCH (TCH congestion
Rate), T l rt trc khi n nh knh TCH (TCH Preparation Tht bi Rate), T l nghn
knh bo hiu SDCCH (SDCCH congestion Rate), T l rt knh SDCCH,
-Cc ch s ny cn c phn tch kt hp vi cc counters lin quan. V d: Cc cuc
gi b rt c th do phn v tuyn, do chuyn giao hay do phn cng thit b BSS,.. T
c th ch ra nguyn nhn chnh lm rt cuc gi v a ra phn tch su hn.
Phn tch s thng ging lu lng
-Trong qu trnh phn tch cn lu n lu lng mng hay Cluster theo tng gi
trong ngy.
-Nn lu cc Sites hay cc vng no trong cluster c lu lng cao v phn ng
ca khch hng i vi dch v mng di ng m h ang dng.
-Nn thc hin nhng thay i tham s mng vo khong thi gian m c s thu bao
t nht v lu lng thp nht.
Phn tch cc cell c cht lng km nht
-S dng cng c RNO phn tch cc d liu cells ti ny nhiu mc (TRX, Cell,
Cluster, BSC, LAC, ), cc tham s (theo ngy), cc QoS (theo gi), cng vi cc
phng tin h tr khc nh: bn , th, cc bo co,
-Mt s hnh ng c th nh sau :
Kim tra vng ph t cc log file o kim Driving Test bng cng c Map Infor
hay Tems Invest.
Kim tra kh nng chng lp vng ph (overlap) ca cc cell gn nhau.
Kim tra nhiu: nhiu i vi ton b cell, hay nhiu i vi tn s BCCH ca cell.
Ghi nhn v gii quyt cc phn nh t khch hng v cht lng mng ca mt
khu vc c th no
-Vic tham kho nhng phn nh cht lng mng t khch hng kt hp vi cc s c
mng s gip cho vic ti u c din ra nhanh hn v chnh xc hn.
2.1.2. Kim tra gi tr cc tham s chnh ca mng:


-Bc th hai trong qu trnh qun l c tnh cht lng mng l kim tra li ton b
cc thng s nh gi hot ng ca mng. Vic ny c thc hin vi cc cng c
ca Alcatel (RNO), Aircom (Asset) v Mapinfo. Phn ny c chia thnh bn bc nh:
Kim tra li cc thng s BSS v Cell
-Mi BSC v Cell c nh ngha bng danh sch cc thng s, cc thng s ny nh
ngha hot ng ca n trong qu trnh la chn li cell, chuyn giao, qun l lu lng,
GPRS, Mi cell c hn 250 tham s. Tt c cc thit lp c ly ra hng ngy di
dng file text v nhp vo c s d liu A956 RNO. Tt c cc thit lp hin ti (ang
hot ng) v cc thit lp c k c cc thit lp mc nh u lu trong c s d liu ny.
Khi s dng RNO cc tham s c th d dng so snh vi gi tr khuyn ngh.
-Vic thay i gi tr thng s ca cc Cells u c lu li trong c s d liu ca
RNO cho mc ch tham kho. Cc yu cu thay i cc tham s cn phn tch, nh gi
chi tit thit lp n cc gi tr ti u. Nhn chung, Alcatel khuyn ngh s dng cc
gi tr mc nh, tuy nhin ti u hot ng ca mng, tinh chnh cho trng hp c
bit, ti u phn b ti lu lng, nn cc tham s thit lp khc vi gi tr mc nh.
Kim tra li hoch nh tn s
-Bc 2 ca vic kim tra li mng l xem li k hoch tn s. C th s dng mt
trong hai cng c hoch nh ca Aircom (Asset) hoc Mapinfo kim tra tn s hot
ng. Tt c cc tn s ca cell phc v v cell xung quanh cn c xem xt k v lit k
ra, cc tn s ny c th gy nn nhiu ng knh hay nhiu kn k.
-Vic xem li k hoch tn s nn kt hp vi kt qu KPIs v o kim Driving Test
nhn ra khu vc b nhiu v nh hng ca nhiu ny ln kt qu KPIs. Nn thc hin
thay i tn s cng sm cng tt khi xc nh c ngun gc gy ra nhiu.

Kim tra li hoch nh neighbour
-Bc 3 trong qui trnh ny l xem li neighbor. Mapinfo l cng c hay v d dng
cho vic kim tra neighbor. Tt c cc neighbor cell cho l khng cn thit v mun loi


b phi c xem xt bng kt qu cc ch s v neighbor c sn trong RNO. Cc quan h
neighbor mt chiu phi c kim tra v b sung.
-iu ny c ngha l bt c khi no d nh loi b mt neighbor nn kim tra c bao
nhiu c gng chuyn giao v bao nhiu chuyn giao thnh cng trn hai hng gia cell
phc v v cell neighbor (khng c hng dn c th v vic mt quan h neighbor
c xem l ng th c bao nhiu c gng chuyn giao gia hai cell), quan h neighbor
ny c quyt nh da trn yu cu vng ph, ti u v di chuyn ca thu bao trong
khu vc .
Kim tra cc thng s anten: V tr, cao, Tilts, Azimuth, Loi anten
-Vic kim tra thng s ca anten cng quan trng nh kim tra k hoch tn s v
neighbor trong vic phn tch chnh xc cc vn ca mng. Mi thng s nh l v tr
anten, cao, loi anten, azimuth v tilt phi c kim tra cn thn. Da trn phn tch
ny, cc vn chnh d dng lit k ra l vn do vn hnh hay vn do v tuyn.
2.1.3. Thc hin o kim Driving Test trc khi ti u
-Phi hon thnh o kim chun b ti u trc khi lm bt c hnh ng thay i
chnh hay ti u. Vic o kim ny xem nh l mc chun x l u tin cc vn ca
mng. Khi o cn o ht tt c cc ng ln, ng nh trong khu vc cn ti u.
-Hn na, kt qu o kim s c s dng cho mi phn tch lit k trn nh vng
ph, cc vng ph chng ln nhau, nhiu, nhn ra vng ph km, cc vng c cht lng
thu km, cc l do rt cuc gi
2.1.4. Kim tra phn cng thit b (card TRX, ANC,...) v cc cnh bo t OMC
-Bc cui cng ca vic gim st, phn tch (qun l c tnh cht lng mng) l
nh gi phn cng BSS v cc cnh bo OMC. Vic kim tra ny hon thnh do nhm
BSS thc hin kim tra ng thi vi phn tch cc ch s t RNO lin quan ti cc vn
ca BSS.
-Vic kim tra ny rt quan trng trong vic c lp li phn cng vi li v tuyn v
hot ng ca cc bc ti u lin quan.
2.2. Qu trnh nhn din li, thc thi nhng tc ng ti u v kim tra kt qu (qu
trnh ti u ho mng)


-Ti u c th xem l mt phn ca qu trnh qun l c tnh cht lng mng. Mc
tiu ca vic ti u mng v tuyn l t c ti a hiu sut ca mng di ng.
-Sau khi phn tch cc vn xong, ta cn thc hin cc u cu thay i ti u
mng. Khi cc du hiu biu hin ca vi nguyn nhn ging nhau th tt c cc thng tin
lin quan c b sung xc nh vn chnh lin quan n vng ph km, nhiu,
trng lp vng ph, tham s cell cha tt, thiu neighbor, hoch nh tn s khng
tttrc khi thc hin hnh ng chnh xc khc phc vn li.
-Nu mi bc ti u nh hng hot ng ca mng v dch v khch hng, th mi
hnh ng phi c quyt nh cn thn trc khi thc hin. Tt c cc im kim tra
nn theo cc th t sau:
Vn do thit lp tham s ? Phn tch cc tham s v ngh thay i.
Li lp t, li phn cng BSS, truyn dn, li vn hnh ? Xc nh thit b h
thng v sa thit b hng.
Vn vng ph ? - Kim tra phn cng BTS, cng sut pht , t s sng ng
(VSWR), thng s ca anten ( cao, azimuth, tilt, loi anten v v tr anten, vng Fresnel
thong hay bi che chn). Thc hin sa li tng cng vng ph.
B nhiu ? - Kim tra tn s vi Mapinfo hay cng c ca Aircom. Nu cn, o
kim tn s bng TEMS trong khu vc b nhiu xc nh cell gy nhiu. Thay i tn
s cell phc v hoc tn s cell gy nhiu hoc nu c th, gii hn vng ph tn hiu gy
nhiu bng cch gim Tilt anten ca cell xung.
Vn chuyn giao ? - Kim tra neighbor vi Mapinfo. Kim tra tt c cc tham s
chuyn giao trong RNO, phn tch d liu o kim v quyt nh thm bt neighbor, tinh
chnh d tr chuyn giao.
Vng ph i xa qu hay trng lp vng ph ? - Kim tra thng s anten. Phn tch
d liu o kim cn thn. Xc nh Timing Advance, mc thu, cht lng thu t cc bo
co ca RNO. Sau ch thc hin gim Tilt anten, quay hng anten, hay gim cao
anten.
3. Cc vn nh hng n cht lng ph sng
3.1. Vn v vng ph sng


3.1.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu vn vng ph
-nh ngha: vng ph km l mng hay cell c mc tn hiu thu v cht lng thu km
cng khu vc ti cng thi im.
-Cc du hiu:
Khch hng phn nh rt cuc gi hay mt sng.
Cc b ch th cht lng dch v ca h thng OMC:
+T l TCH tht bi cao.
+T l rt cuc gi cao.
+T l chuyn giao do nguyn nhn better cell HO thp so vi t l chuyn giao
Emergency HO.
+T l chuyn giao do DL quality HO cao.
Cc b ch th giao din A: T l bn tin Clear Request cao, nguyn nhn tht bi
giao din v tuyn.
3.1.2. Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu ca vn vng ph
-Nu vng ph tht s khng nh m phng bi cc cng c hoch nh mng v
tuyn:
Kim tra h thng anten.
Tng hay ngng gc down-tilt anten.
Kim tra cng sut pht ti a BTS
-Nu vng ph tht s nh m phng:
Lu lng indoor c iu khin bi cc phng c bit.
-Nu im lm gn bin cell, xo chuyn giao ra ngoi.
3.2. Vn v nhiu
3.2.1. Cc du hiu ca nhiu
-Mt c im ca cell l cc knh ang s dng c th c s dng cc cell
khc. Nhng gia cc cell ny phi c mt khong cch nht nh. iu ny c ngha l
cell s b nhiu ng knh do vic cc cell khc s dng cng tn s. Cui cng vng ph
sng ca trm gc s b gii hn bi l do ny hn l do tp m thng thng. Khong
cch ny cng ln th nhiu cng b.


- cht lng thoi lun c m bo th mc thu ca sng mang mong mun C
(Carrier) phi ln hn tng mc nhiu ng knh I (Interference) v mc nhiu knh ln
cn A (Adjacent).

3.2.2. Cc loi nhiu
Nhiu ng knh C/I
-Nhiu ng knh xy ra khi c hai my pht pht trn cng mt tn s hoc trn
cng mt knh. My thu iu chnh knh ny s thu c c hai tn hiu vi cng
ph thuc vo v tr ca my thu so vi hai my pht.

Hnh 4-2: T s nhiu ng knh C/I
-Hnh 4.2 trn ch ra trng hp m my di ng (cellphone) t trong xe ang
thu mt sng mang mong mun t mt trm gc phc v (Serving BS) v ng thi
cng ang chu mt nhiu ng knh do nhiu pht sinh ca mt trm gc khc
(Interference BS).
-Theo khuyn ngh ca GSM gi tr C/I b nht m my di ng vn c th lm
vic tt l 9 dB. Trong thc t, ngi ta nhn thy rng gi tr ny cn thit phi ln
n 12 dB ngoi tr nu s dng nhy tn th mi c th lm vic mc C/I l 9dB.


mc C/I thp hn th t l li bit BER (Bit Error Rate) s cao khng chp nhn c
v m ho knh cng khng th sa li mt cch chnh xc c.
-T s C/I c dng cho cc my di ng ph thuc rt ln vo vic quy hoch
tn s v mu ti s dng tn s. Ni chung vic s dng li tn s lm dung lng
tng ng k tuy nhin ng thi cng lm cho t s C/I gim i. Do vic quy
hoch tn s cn quan tm n nhiu ng knh C/I.
Nhiu knh ln cn C/A:
-Nhiu knh ln cn xy ra khi sng v tuyn c iu chnh v thu ring knh C
song li chu nhiu t knh ln cn C-1 hoc C+1. Mc d thc t sng v tuyn
khng c chnh thu knh ln cn , nhng n vn ngh mt s p ng nh
l cho php knh ln cn gy nhiu ti knh m my thu ang iu chnh.
-Gi tr C/A thp lm cho mc BER cao.Mc d m ho knh GSM bao gm vic
pht hin li v sa li, nhng vic thnh cng th cng c gii hn i vi
nhiu. Theo khuyn ngh ca GSM, cho vic quy hoch tn s c tt th gi tr
C/A nh nht nn ln hn - 9 dB.
-Khong cch gia ngun to ra tn hiu mong mun vi ngun ca knh ln cn
ln s tt hn cho C/A. iu ny c ngha l cc cell ln cn khng nn c n nh
cc sng mang ca cc knh cnh nhau nu C/A c c ngh trong mt gii
hn nht nh.
-C hai t s C/I v C/A u c th c tng ln bng vic s dng quy hoch cu
trc tn s.
Nhiu t h thng khng phi GSM:
-Nhiu bi cc mng di ng khc nh CDMA.
-Nhiu bi cc ngun tn s v tuyn khc nh cc h thng radar, truyn hnh, viba
3.3 . Vn FaDing
3.3.1. Fading chun Loga


-Trm di ng thng hot ng cc mi trng c nhiu chng ngi vt (cc qu
i, to nh...). iu ny dn n hiu ng che khut (Shaddowing) lm gim cng
tn hiu thu, khi thu bao di chuyn cng thu s thay i.
3.3.2. Fading Rayleigh
-Khi mi trng c nhiu chng ngi vt, tn hiu thu c t nhiu phng khc
nhau. iu ny ngha l tn hiu thu l tng ca nhiu tn hiu ging nhau nhng khc pha
v bin .
- gim phn no tc hi do Fading gy ra, ngi ta thng tng cng sut pht
ln to ra mt lng d tr Fading, s dng mt s bin php nh: phn tp anten,
nhy tn ...
3.4. Vn nghn knh lu lng TCH
3.4.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu nghn knh lu lng TCH
-nh ngha: Mt cell c xem l nghn TCH khi t l nghn TCH (trong qu trnh n
nh TCH) th qu cao (ln hn 2%). trnh trng hp nghn TCH, cn phi thit k
sao cho s lng ti nguyn (nng cp TRX) p ng c lu lng yu cu ca khch
hng (traffic offered).
-Cc du hiu:
Khch hng phn nh mng bn (network busy).
Cc b ch th cht lng dch v OMC:
+T l nghn TCH cao.
+T l chuyn giao vo thnh cng thp (chuyn giao cng BSC hay khc BSC)
do khng cn ti nguyn TCH chuyn giao vo.
Cc b ch th giao din A: T l bn tin n nh tht bi cao do khng c ti
nguyn v tuyn.
3.4.2. Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu gy nghn TCH
-Ti nguyn Cell khng c nh c ng nn gy nghn lc cao im. Gii php cho
vn ny nh sau:
Gii php cng:


+ S dng bng Erlang B tnh ton s knh TCH yu cu (vi t l nghn cho
php GoS = 2%).
+ B sung TRX, nng cp cu hnh trm.
+ B sung trm mi chia ti, m rng t BTS (master/slaver), hay ng dng
trm Concentric.
Gii php mm: S dng cc tnh nng c bit nh:
+ S dng knh bn tc.
+ Chuyn giao lu lng.
+ Chuyn giao lu lng nhanh.
3.5. Phn tn thi gian
3.5.1. Du hiu v nguyn nhn v phn tn thi gian
-Phn tn thi gian xy ra l do c nhiu ng truyn sng t my pht n my thu.
Hin tng phn tn thi gian gy ra mt s vn cho mng thng tin di ng s. Vic
s dng truyn dn s cng gy ra mt s vn khc nh: phn tn thi gian do cc tn
hiu phn x (Reflection) gy ra.
-S phn tn thi gian s gy ra hin tng giao thoa gia cc k t. Gi thit chng
ta pht i mt chui bit 1 v 0. Nu tn hiu phn x i chm hn tn hiu i thng ng 1
bit th my thu pht hin bit 1 t sng phn x ng thi cng pht hin bit 0 t sng i
thng.
-Nhng mi trng c th gy nn vn v phn tn thi gian:
Nhng vng ni
H su hoc nhiu nh cao tng
Nhng to nh cao c kt cu kim loi , ...
-Trong tt c nhng trng hp nh vy phn tn thi gian ch c th xy ra khi hiu
qung ng gia tn hiu trc tip v tn hiu phn x t nhng chng ngi vt k trn
ln hn ca s cn bng (4,5 km).
-Ni chung, s nguy him ca phn tn thi gian s tng cng vi khong cch gia
BTS v MS. Khi mt MS gn BTS c th nhn c tn hiu phn x mnh vi hiu
qung ng ln nhng vn khng nh hng g do tn hiu trc tip mnh m bo t


s C/R trn ngng ti hn. Khi MS chuyn ng ra xa BTS th nguy c t s C/R thp s
tng ln do tn hiu trc tip yu i.
3.5.2. Cc trng hp v phn tn thi gian

Trng hp 1:

-Trng hp ny: Tuy hiu s qung ng = D
R
D
0
ln (DR = D
1
+ D
2
), nhng tn
hiu trc tip mnh, tn hiu phn x yu. Do vy t s C/R trn ngng.
Trng hp 2:

-Trng hp ny: Hiu s qung ng vn cn kh ln nn cc tn hiu phn x nm
ngoi ca s thi gian.
-Trong khi tn hiu n trc tip yu i, tn hiu phn x mnh hn. T s C/R gn
hoc thp hn ngng.
-y l trng hp nguy him nht, hin tng phn tn thi gian biu hin r rng
nht.
Trng hp 3:


-Trng hp ny: Tn hiu phn x mnh gn nh tn hiu trc tip, t s C/R gn hoc
di ngng. Nhng do hiu qung ng nh nm trong ca s cn bng, hay cc tn
hiu phn x nm trong ca s thi gian, nn trng hp ny khng b nh hng bi
phn tn thi gian.
3.6. Cc vn li cuc gi tiu biu
3.6.1. Vn thit lp ng truyn v tuyn
-Cc trng hp li tiu biu ca qu trnh thit lp ng truyn v tuyn:
Nghn knh SDCCH.
n nh SDCCH tht bi do cc vn v tuyn.
3.6.1.1. Nghn knh SDCCH
O Cc nguyn nhn ch yu gy nghn SDCCH:
-SDCCH nghn cao do lu lng ca thu bao ln (lu lng cuc gi hay cp nht
v tr). Gii php cho vn ny l tng cu hnh, tng trm (cho trng hp nhiu cuc
gi), hay thit k li vng nh v (cho trng hp c nhiu cp nht v tr).
-Nghn SDCCH cao quan st c cc thi im khc thng ca ngy thi gian
cao im ca cc yu cu cp nht v tr c to ra bi mt nhm ln thu bao vo vng
nh v mi ti cng thi im (nh trm xe but, xe la hay cng hng khng). Gii
phpcho vn ny l thit k li vng nh v hay ti u li cc thams v tuyn.
-Nghn SDCCH quan st thy khng bnh thng (thiu lu lng MS tht s) trong
trng hp nhiu cao hay gn my pht khng phi my pht v tuyn GSM. gii php
cho vn ny l thay i tn s BCCH hay lp thm b lc thu.
-Mt cell b nghn SDCCH khng bnh thng trong trng hp mt trong cc cell
ln cn ca n b cm cuc gi. Gii php cho vn ny l g b cc tnh trng b cm
ca cell neighbour ln cn.


3.6.1.2 . Li v tuyn khi n nh knh SDCCH
O Cc nguyn nhn ch yu:
- d tr cng sut Uplink v Downlink khng cn bng.

-Vng ph km:

-Vn nhiu:

Hnh 4-3: Cc nguyn nhn gy li n nh knh SDCCH
3.6.2. Qu trnh n nh knh lu lng TCH
O Cc nguyn nhn ch yu gy li trong qu trnh n nh knh TCH:


-Nghn knh TCH: Mt s nguyn nhn gy nghn nh hng i y; khng cn ti
nguyn Abis, TCH; cc yu cu TCH b loi b bi hng i do c yu cu c u tin cao
hn ang i.
-Li do v tuyn: Trong trng hp truy cp TCH li, MS s c gng bt li knh
SDCCH, nh vy c th MS s bt li knh SDCCH thnh cng hoc vic thit lp cuc
gi tht bi.
-Do vn BSS: Vic n nh TCH c th tht bi do li trn Abis hoc do li phn
cng hay phn mm ca BTS, BSC.
3.6.3. Qu trnh TCH
O Cc nguyn nhn gy li trong qu trnh cuc gi TCH:
-Rt do v tuyn: cc vn v tuyn c th do vng ph, nhiu hoc thnh thong do
BSS hot ng bt thng m khng c pht hin nh mt cnh bo h thng bi ng
dng qun l li vn hnh v khai thc.
-Rt do vn b m ho u xa (remote Transcoder): Vn ny lun lun bi cht
lng km ca truyn dn trn giao din Abis (vi ba) hay mt thnh phn phn cng trn
Transcoder b li, hoc thm ch i khi cng l do cc vn phn mm, phn cng BSS.
-Rt do cc do vn bn trong BSS: Vn xy ra c th do li phn cng hoc
phn mm ca BTS hay BSC.
-Rt do qu trnh chuyn giao: S kin ny xy ra khi chuyn giao ra ngoi b li
(khng thnh cng) m khng bt tr v li knh TCH c
4. Cc gii php ti u ha mng VMS_Mobifone
4.1. o kim Handover gia cc trm
-Cng vi cc cng c khc, my TEMS c s dng thng xuyn trong vic o v
kim tra cht lng h thng.
-Di y gii thiu vic s dng my TEMS T68i ca Ericsson o kim tra
handover.


Hnh 4-4: o kim tra Handover
-Vi my TEMS ta c th o c mc thu ca cell phc v v cc cell ln cn, cc
thng s ca knh hin ti. Nh trn y ta thy cc thng s o c sau khi handover
nh sau:
-Mc thu ca cell phc v v cc cell ln cn:
Cell Name ARFCN BSIC RxLevel (dBm)
Cell 1 84 1-2 -53
Cell 2 103 2-3 -57
98 1-5 -73
85 -78
102 -79
104 -80
-Cc thng s ca knh hin ti:
CGI (MCC, MNC, LAC, CI) 452 01 111 10991
Bng tn 900


BCCH ARFCN 84
BSIC 1-2
Timeslot 6

Hnh 4-5: Kt qu o Handover gia hai trm l tt
-T biu ph tn hiu trn ta thy trc thi im handover mc thu ca cell phc
v gim xung thp hn so vi mc thu ca cell ln cn, ng thi t s tn hiu trn
nhiu C/ I cng gim xung ch cn 12 dB, MS yu cu thit lp th tc Handover.
-Sau khi Handover: mc thu cell phc v l -53 dBm, t s C/ I c ci thin l 22dB.
Kt lun: Kt qu Handover gia hai trm l t
4.2. Phn tch kt qu o sng pht hin nhiu tn s
-S dng my TEMS T68i ca Sony Ericsson o sng pht hin nhiu tn s.


Hnh 4-6: Kt qu o kim


Sng pht hin nhiu tn s
Hnh 4-7: Pht hin nhiu tn s
-Trn biu ph tn hiu thu c ta thy: mt s v tr c ch s C/ I rt thp, c
nhng lc b gim xung di 9dB (gi tr C/ I b nht m cht lng c th chp nhn
c theo khuyn ngh GSM ). Mc nhiu ng knh qu cao l nguyn nhn dn n s
lng yu cu Handover tng t bin trong khi mc thu tn hiu vn tt (RxLevel
khong -52 dBm). Nhiu tn s xut hin lm cho tn hiu m thoi d b ngt qung,
nghe khng r, nh hng n cht lng thoi. Nu ko di s lm cuc gi b rt mch.
Kt lun: Mc nhiu ng knh nh vy l vt qu mc cho php, iu ny c th l
do khi thc hin quy hoch tn s c s khai bo nhm tn s (sau khi kim tra d liu
mng cho thy 2 trm BTS khai bo cng tn s BCCH). Nh vy cn kim tra v tin
hnh khai bo li tn s m bo yu cu.


4.3 .Gii Php Repeater Cho Cc Vng Lm, Inbuilding Cho Cc To Nh Cao Tng
4.3.1. Gii php Repeater cho cc vng lm
4.3.1.1. Tng quan:
-Trong h thng thng tin di ng GSM, s gii hn vng ph ca trm gc, cc yu
t a hnh nh ng hm, cc khu vc ng su v hp, c nhiu to nh cao che chn
tc ng rt ln ti cht lng ph sng ca mng di ng. Nhng yu t ny lm xut
hin cc vng sng lm khin cht lng thoi gim hoc khng th thc hin c cuc
gi. gii quyt vn v ph sng, ng thi gip tng cht lng mng li, repeater
l mt gii php hiu qu (v cht lng v tnh kinh t).
-Chc nng chnh ca repeater l: thu tn hiu t cc trm gc, sau khuch i ri
pht li gip tng ng k cng trng in t trong di tn la chn trc ti cc
vng lm.
-u im ni bt ca repeater so vi cc trm BTS:
Kinh ph r hn rt nhiu.
Ct anten n gin, nh nh anten tivi, trin khai nhanh, trnh khiu kin
Din tch lp t nh, gim chi ph thu nh trm.
Thit b nh gn, trin khai n gin, nhanh (trong vng 1 ngy).
Tiu hao t in, gim chi ph tin in hng thng.
S khi ca repeater

Hnh 4-8: S khi ca Repeater



Thnh phn:
-Anten thu (Donor antenna).
-Anten pht (Service antenna).
-Thit b repeater.
-Ngun in (220V/50Hz).
Nguyn tc hot ng:
-Tn hiu ng xung (downlink) thu c t trm BTS nh anten donor, n
repeater (cng BTS) qua b ghp song cng (duplexer), qua b khuch i tp m thp
(LNA), qua b lc (FC) (c chn trc theo di tn tn hiu ng xung ca nh khai
thc dch v thng qua vic t tn s nh vng kho pha PLL), sau c khuch i
cng sut (PA), qua b ghp song cng (duplexer) a ra cng MS ca repeater, tn hiu
c a ti anten service truyn ti thit b u cui di ng.
-Tn hiu ng ln chy tng t nhng theo chiu ngc li, tn hiu ng ln
(uplink) pht t my u cui di ng ti anten thu (anten service) n repeater (cng MS)
qua b ghp song cng (duplexer), qua b khuch i tp m thp (LNA), qua b lc (FC)
(c chn trc theo di tn tn hiu ng ln ca nh khai thc dch v thng qua vic
t tn s nh vng kho pha PLL), sau c khuch i cng sut (PA), qua b ghp
song cng (duplexer) a ra cng BTS ca repeater, tn hiu c a ti anten donor
truyn ti trm BTS.
-Ngun: thng s dng trc tip ngun 220V~/50Hz hoc ngun 1 chiu 9V nh b
adapter.
Mt s loi Repeater:

Loi 20dBm Loi 15dBm
Hnh 4-9: Mt s loi Repeater


4.3.1.2. ng dng ca Repeater
Gii php dng repeater cho cc ng hm:

Hnh 4-10: ng dng Repeater cho ng hm
Dng repeater trong trng hp vng ph b che khut

Hnh 4-11: ng dng Repeater cho vng ph b che khut


4.4 . Gii php Inbuilding cho cc to nh
-To nh cao tng thng c thit k v xy dng vi cu trc hin i vi khung b
tng chu lc cng vi h thng tng bao v vch ngn l tng gch hoc cc vt liu
nh nh: knh, thch cao,.. Cht lng dch v thng tin di ng trong to nh thng
khng m bo do s suy gim cht lng ph sng gy ra bi s cn tr ca c s h
tng xy dng ca chnh cc cng trnh ny. Theo kt qu kho st chi tit cht lng
vng ph sng dch v thng tin di ng trn cc tng trong to nh u cho thy mt kt
qu chung chi tit nh sau:

Khu vc Cht lng sng
Cu thang my Sng rt yu, khng s dng c dch v
Tng hm Sng rt yu v thng khng c sng, khng s dng
c dch v
Tng 1 Tng 5 Sng tt vi dch v c th s dng vi . Tuy nhin mt
s im sng yu v khng n nh

Tng 6 Tng thng
Tn hiu sng mnh, c hin tng nhiu cao v thng
c hin tng chuyn giao gia cc cell lin k, cht
lng dch v thng khng m bo do cht lng
thoi khng tt, cuc gi khng n nh.

Bng : Cht lng vng ph sng trong cc ta nh
- Chnh v vy gii php ph sng Inbuilding nhm tng lu lng, m bo cht
lng dch v v tng nng lc cnh tranh cho cc ta nh cao tng c thit k vi tiu
ch m bo tin cy cao v t phi bo dng nhm tng hiu qu chi ph u t xy lp
v gim thiu chi ph qun l h thng khi khai thc vn hnh trong qu trnh s dng. M
hnh cu trc h thng c s h tng phc v ph sng di ng trong nh nh sau:


Hnh 4-12: M hnh cu trc h thng c s h tng ph sng di ng trong nh

Yu cu thit k h thng Inbuilding:
-Yu cu thit k h thng Inbuilding phi m bo:
Tng 95% Rxlevel (dBm) 95% RxQuality 95% C/I (dB)
15 - 75 3 17
610 -70 3 17
T tng 11 tr ln -65 3 17

Bng: Yu cu thit k h thng Inbuilding
-H thng Inbuilding phi t c cc KPIs : CDR 0.2% ; HOSR 99,6%.



CHNG V: KT LUN
O Bo co thc tp trnh by nhng nt c bn nht v h thng BSS, cng vi mt s
cng tc ti u ha h thng v tuyn c thc hin ti Cng ty c phn cng ngh vin
thng ng Dng. Ti u ho l mt cng vic kh khn v i hi ngi thc hin
phi nm vng h thng, ngoi ra cng cn phi c nhng kinh nghim thc t v s tr
gip ca nhiu phng tin hin i c th gim st v kim tra ri t mi a ra
cc cng vic thc hin ti u ho.
O Do thi gian thc tp c hn v nhng hn ch khng trnh khi ca vic hiu bit cc
vn da trn l thuyt l chnh nn bo co thc tp ca em chc chn khng trnh khi
nhng thiu st. Em rt mong c c nhng kin nh gi, gp ca cc thy c, cc
k s ti u ha cng ty ITT v cc bn n thm hon thin.
O Qua thi gian thc tp em thy ti u ho l mt mng ti rng v lun cn thit cho
lnh vc vin thng hin ti ni chung v mng thng tin di ng ni ring. Kh nng ng
dng ca ti l gip ch cho nhng ngi lm cng tc ti u ho h thng v tuyn ni
ring v ti u ha mng di ng ni chung, l c s l thuyt phn tch v tin hnh,
t hon ton c th tm ra gii php ti u khoa hc nht. V phn mnh, em tin tng
rng trong tng lai nu c lm vic trong lnh vc ny, em s tip tc c s nghin cu
mt cch su sc hn na v ti ny.
O Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n ti c Ng Th Lan Dung trc tip hng
dn v gip em hon thnh bo co thc tp ny, Trng phng k thut Phm Tun
Anh, ph phng k thut Nguyn Vn Nh v t trng t RNO L Vn Nam to iu
kin gip em trong t thc tp tt nghip.



TI LIU THAM KHO
***
[1] Gio trnh Thng tin di ng GSM, Th.s NguynV Thng, trng i hc bch khoa
H Ni 2006.
[2] Radio Network Optimization For Beginner, k s Viettel Phan Hoi Hi 2008
[3] Gio trnh H thng vin thng 2 ca Khoa in-TVT- trng H GTVT Tp HCM

[4] http://vntelecom.org
[5] http://www.wikipedia.org
[6] http://www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn



NHT K THC TP

Tun Ngy Cng vic thc tp
Cn b
hng dn
Ghi nhn v cng vic
T
u
n

1

6-
Feb
Nhn vo cng ty thc tp v
phn cng thc tp
Bi Th
Trc o
7-
Feb
Tm hiu v s serial number ca
cc thit b trong trm BTS
ng Anh
Khoa
c ti liu v thc hnh
vi Excel
8-
Feb
ng Anh
Khoa
c ti liu v thc hnh
vi Excel
9-
Feb
ng Anh
Khoa
c ti liu v thc hnh
vi Excel
10-
Feb
Nhp d liu s serial number
vo my tnh
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel,
nhp s liu thit b
11-
Feb
vo my tnh
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel,
nhp s liu thit b


T
u
n

2

13-
Feb
vo my tnh
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel,
nhp s liu thit b
14-
Feb
vo my tnh
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel,
nhp s liu thit b
15-
Feb
vo my tnh
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel,
nhp s liu thit b
16-
Feb
Kim tra li s serial number cc
tram BTS
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel v
h s cc trm BTS
17-
Feb
tram BTS
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel v
h s cc trm BTS
18-
Feb
tram BTS
ng Anh
Khoa
Thc hnh vi Excel v
h s cc trm BTS


T
u
n

3

20-
Feb
i thc t cc trm BTS ti tnh
Bnh Dng
Nguyn
Vn Nh
Sa li cnh bo trong
cc trm BTS
21-
Feb
i thc t cc trm BTS ti tnh
ng Nai
Nguyn
Vn Nh
Sa li cnh bo trong
cc trm BTS
22-
Feb
Ngh (Ln trng hp ch nhim)

23-
Feb
Lm h s PAT
ng Anh
Khoa
Tp lm h s nghim
thu cng trnh
24-
Feb
Lm h s PAT
ng Anh
Khoa
Tp lm h s nghim
thu cng trnh
25-
Feb
i giao h s PAT cho cc t
VMS_Mobifone
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
i giao h s PAT cho
cc t VMS_Mobifone


T
u
n

4

27-
Feb
Xung kho thit b ca Mobifone
Nguyn
Vn Nh
Phn loi v kim tra cc
thit b
28-
Feb
Xung kho thit b ca Mobifone
Nguyn
Vn Nh
Phn loi v kim tra cc
thit b
29-
Feb
Lm h s nghim thu NSN + i
giao h s ti Mobifone ng
Nai
Nguyn
Vn Nh
Lm h s nghim thu
NSN + i giao h s ti
Mobifone ng Nai
1-
Mar
i nhn h s PAT t cc t
VMS_Mobifone
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
i nhn h s PAT t
cc t VMS_Mobifone
2-
Mar
Chnh sa + Kim tra chiu cao
ng ten ca cc d n trm BTS
Nguyn
Vn
Dng
Chnh sa chiu cao ng
ten trong Autocad
3-
Mar
Chnh sa + Kim tra chiu cao
ng ten ca cc d n trm BTS
Nguyn
Vn
Dng
Chnh sa chiu cao ng
ten trong Autocad


T
u
n

5

5-
Mar
Lm h s PAT
ng Anh
Khoa
Lm h s nghim thu
cng trnh
6-
Mar
Lm h s PAT
ng Anh
Khoa
Lm h s nghim thu
cng trnh
7-
Mar
i giao h s PAT cho cc t
VMS_Mobifone
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
i giao h s PAT cho
cc t VMS_Mobifone
8-
Mar
Tm hiu v phn mm TEMS
INVESTIGATION
L Vn
Nam
c ti liu v TEMS
INVESTIGATION
9-
Mar
Tm hiu v phn mm TEMS
INVESTIGATION
L Vn
Nam
c ti liu v TEMS
INVESTIGATION
10-
Mar
Thc hnh v phn mm TEMS
INVESTIGATION
L Vn
Nam
Thc hnh v phn mm
TEMS
INVESTIGATION


T
u
n

6

12-
Mar
i o sng ti Qun 2
L Vn
Nam
o kim cht lng sng
di ng ca cc trm
BTS
13-
Mar
i o sng ti Qun Tn Bnh
L Vn
Nam
o kim cht lng sng
di ng ca cc trm
BTS
14-
Mar
i o sng ti Qun Tn Bnh
L Vn
Nam
o kim cht lng sng
di ng ca cc trm
BTS
15-
Mar
i o sng ti Qun 3
L Vn
Nam
o kim cht lng sng
di ng ca cc trm
BTS
16-
Mar
Phn tch kt qu o sng sau khi
o
L Vn
Nam
Kim tra xem cht lng
sng di ng ti cc qun
l tt hay yu,c t mc
tiu chun khng?
17-
Mar
Tm hiu v vn ti u mng
di ng
L Vn
Nam
c ti liu v ti u
mng di ng


T
u
n

7

19-
Mar
Tm hiu v vn ti u mng
di ng
L Vn
Nam
c ti liu v ti u
mng di ng
20-
Mar
Tm hiu v cc bin php ti u
ha mng di ng
L Vn
Nam
c ti liu v ti u
mng di ng
21-
Mar
i o sng ti Qun 5
L Vn
Nam
o kim cht lng sng
di ng ca cc trm
BTS
22-
Mar
Lm h s PAT
ng Anh
Khoa
Lm h s nghim thu
cng trnh
23-
Mar
Duyt h s a ln VNPT
Technology
ng Anh
Khoa
Giao h s
24-
Mar
Duyt h s a ln VNPT
Technology
ng Anh
Khoa
Giao h s


T
u
n

8

26-
Mar
i nhn h s PAT t cc t
VMS_Mobifone
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
i nhn h s PAT t
cc t VMS_Mobifone
27-
Mar
Kim tra li cc h s PAT
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
Kim tra li cc h s
PAT
28-
Mar
i kim tra cht lng sng di
ng trong ta nh
Nguyn
Vn Nh
i kim tra cht lng
sng di ng trong ta
nh
29-
Mar
i kim tra cht lng sng di
ng trong ta nh
Nguyn
Vn Nh
i kim tra cht lng
sng di ng trong ta
nh
30-
Mar
Xung Kho TELEQ ly thit b
vt t
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
Xung kho ly cc card
NSN
31-
Mar
Ngh gi t



T
u
n

9

2-
Apr
Ngh gi t

3-
Apr
Tm hiu v h thng BSS
L Vn
Nam
c ti liu v h thng
BSS
4-
Apr
i giao cc card NSN b li v
kho TELEQ
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
Vn chuyn cc card
NSN v kho TELEQ
test li
5-
Apr
Tm hiu v h thng BSS
L Vn
Nam
c ti liu v h thng
BSS
6-
Apr
Xung kho TELEQ ly card NSN
test li
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
Xung kho TELEQ ly
card NSN test li
7-
Apr
i giao cc card NSN mi v cc
t VMS_Mobifone
Nguyn
nh
Chung
Minh
i giao cc card NSN
mi v cc t
VMS_Mobifone


T
u
n

1
0

9-
Apr
Xung kho ca cng ty kim tra
cc thit b mi
ng Anh
Khoa
Xung kho ca cng ty
kim tra cc thit b mi
10-
Apr
Nhp d liu s serial number ca
cc d n mi
ng Anh
Khoa
Nhp d liu s serial
number ca cc d n
mi
11-
Apr
kim tra h s ca cc d n mi
ng Anh
Khoa
kim tra h s ca cc d
n mi
12-
Apr
Lm bo co thc tp
L Vn
Nam
Lm bo co thc tp
13-
Apr
Lm bo co thc tp
L Vn
Nam
Lm bo co thc tp
14-
Apr
Lm bo co thc tp
L Vn
Nam
Lm bo co thc tp

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