L A N T M T E R I E T

1 (5)

Geodesi

2005-08-31

Gauss Conformal Projection (Transverse Mercator)

Krgers Formulas

Symbols and Definitions

a f
P

semi-major axis of the ellipsoid flattening of the ellipsoid first eccentricity squared
P

e2

geodetic latitude, positive north geodetic longitude, positive east grid coordinate, positive north grid coordinate, positive east longitude of the central meridian scale factor along the central meridian difference 0 false northing false easting

x y
0 k0

FN FE

All angles are expressed in radians. Please note that the x-axis is directed to the north and the y-axis to the east. The following variables are defined out of the ellipsoidal parameters a and f: e 2 = f (2 f ) n=
=

f (2 f )
a 1 2 1 4 n + ... 1 + n + 64 (1 + n) 4

Lantmteriet I-Divisionen Geodesi Tel. vxel: 0771-63 63 63 E-post: geodesi@lm.se Internet: www.lantmateriet.se/geodesi

Lantmteriet

2005-08-31

Conversion from geodetic coordinates ( , ) to grid coordinates (x,y).

Compute the conformal 1 latitude *
TPF FPT

* = sin cos (A + B sin 2 + C sin 4 + D sin 6 + . . .)

The coefficients A, B, C, and D are computed using the following formulas: A = e2
B=
C= D=

1 (5e 4 e 6 ) 6
1 (104e 6 45e 8 + . . .) 120 1 (1237 e 8 + . . .) 1260

Let = 0 and

= arctan(tan * / cos ) = arctan h(cos * sin )

then

+ 1 sin 2 cosh 2 + 2 sin 4 cosh 4 + 3 sin 6 cosh 6 + + FN x = k 0 a + 4 sin 8 cosh 8 + K + 1 cos 2 sinh 2 + 2 cos 4 sinh 4 + 3 cos 6 sinh 6 + + FE y = k 0 a + 4 cos 8 sinh 8 + K

1
TP PT

Older Swedish literature refers to this quantity as the isometric latitude. Today the term isometric latitude is applied to the quantity

= ln{ tan( / 4 + / 2 )[(1 e sin ) /( 1 + e sin )]

to the conformal latitude by

e /2

}.

The isometric latitude is related

= ln tan( / 4 + * / 2 ) . Cf. John P. Snyder: Map Projections -

A Working Manual, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395.

Lantmteriet

2005-08-31

where the coefficients 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 are computed by

1 2 5 3 41 4 n n2 + n + n + ... 2 3 16 180 13 2 3 3 557 4 n n + n + ... 48 5 1440 61 3 103 4 n n + ... 240 140 49561 4 n + ... 161280

1 = 2 = 3 = 4 =

Lantmteriet

2005-08-31

Conversion from grid coordinates (x,y) to geodetic coordinates ( , )

Introduce the variables and as
x FN k0 a y FE k0 a

= =

Let

= 1 sin 2 cosh 2 2 sin 4 cosh 4 3 sin 6 cosh 6 4 sin 8 cosh 8 K = 1 cos 2 sinh 2 2 cos 4 sinh 4 3 cos 6 sinh 6 4 cos 8 sinh 8 K
where
1 2 37 3 1 4 n n2 + n n +K 2 3 96 360 1 2 1 3 437 4 n n +K n + 15 1440 48 17 3 37 4 n n +K 480 840 4397 4 n +K 161280

1 = 2 = 3 = 4 =

The conformal latitude * and the difference in longitude are obtained by the formulas

* = arcsin(sin / cosh )

Lantmteriet

2005-08-31

= arctan(sinh / cos )
Finally, the latitude and the longitude are obtained by the formulas
= 0 +

= * + sin * cos * (A * + B * sin 2 * + C * sin 4 * + D * sin 6 * + . . .)

where
A * = ( e 2 + e 4 + e 6 + e 8 + . . .)

1 B * = (7 e 4 + 17 e 6 + 30e 8 + . . .) 6 C* = 1 ( 224e 6 + 889e 8 + . . .) 120 1 ( 4279e 8 + . . .) 1260

D* =

Worked example:
ELLIPSOID GRS 1980 Semi-major axis (a) Flattening (f) 6378137.0000 m. 1/298.257222101

TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PARAMETERS Longitude of the central meridian 13 35 7.692000 degr. min. sec. Scale factor on the central merdian 1.000002540000 False northing -6226307.8640 m. False easting 84182.8790 m. Latitude and longitude Grid coordinates 66 0 0.0000 24 0 0.0000 degr. min. sec. 1135809.413803 555304.016555 m