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Cc quy trnh sn xut EDC bng phng php clo ha trc tip : Quy trnh c trng quy trnh Oxy Vinyls Pha lng, nhit cao 124 3,1 99% FeCl3 trong EDC Inovyl Pha lng, nhit cao 129 3,0 99% FeCl3 EDC Mitsui Pha lng, nhit cao 123 3,0 99% FeCl3 trong EDC Vinnolit Pha lng, nhit thp 60 3,2 99,3% FeCl3
trong
- Sn phm sch : EDC sn xut theo quy trnh ny c th c s dng trc tip trong l phn ng cracking hoc bn ra ngoi - an ton cao : cng ty EVC pht trin h thng iu khin v bo v chc chn, c kh nng x l tt c cc nguy c hin bit - Hiu qu s dng nguyn liu cao : thit b phn ng ca quy trnh HTC chuyn ha cc kh nguyn liu etylen v clo thnh EDC sch vi hiu sut chuyn ha t 98,5 % v 99,0 % tng ng. - Thit k c th nghim tt, ng tin cy : thit b phn ng HTC khng c cc b phn chuyn ng, c ch to t cc vt liu c chn lc tt, nh tui th vn hnh cao v nhu cu bo dng thp. - Lng nc thi gim : khng cn ra sn phm EDC sn xut theo quy trnh ny, v vy gim c lng nc thi cn x l. Ngoi ra, mc tiu th xt cng rt thp.
Thc t p dng :
Cng ngh ny c p dng ti 15 thit b phn ng 12 nh my (c th nh mt nh my s dng HCl ring r hoc nh mt b phn ca quy trnh VCM cn bng). Trong mt s trng hp n c th thay th cho cc cng ngh oxy-clo ha hin c bng cch thay i thit b phn ng cho ph hp. Hai dy chuyn sn xut theo cng ngh ny cng ang trong giai on thit k
Thc t p dng :
Quy trnh ny c vn hnh thng mi t nm 1979. T n nay trn th gii c 18 nh my c a vo vn hnh vi cng sut t 50.000 n 600.000 triu tn/nm.
QUY TRNH SN XUT MNME VINYL CLORUA (VCM) y l cng ngh ca Cng ty EVC sn xut VCM v etylen iclorua (EDC) t etylen, clo v oxy, p dng quy trnh oxy-clo ha vi lp xc tc tng c nh, hiu sut cao. Quy trnh cng ngh ny ginh c gii thng Kirkpatrick Chemical Engineering Achievement Award. Trn th gii, hin c 52 nh my p dng cng ngh ny ang vn hnh hoc ang c xy dng, vi tng cng sut 4,7 triu tn VCM/ nm v 11,2 triu tn EDC/ nm. Cng sut ca tng nh my nm trong khong t 10.000 n 650.000 tn VCM/ nm.
M t quy trnh:
EDC c sn xut c cng on clo ha b sung v cng on oxy - clo ha ca quy trnh. cng on clo ha b sung, etyl v clo phn ng vi nhau trong pha lng, to thnh EDC: C2H4 + Cl2 C2H4Cl2 + nhit Nhit ca phn ng c s dng chng ct EDC to thnh cng on clo ha trc tip v cng on oxy - clo ha, nh tit kim c 0,6 tn hi /tn VCM so vi cc quy trnh thng thng. cng on oxy - clo ha, etylen, oxy v HCl phn ng vi nhau to thnh EDC: C2H4 + 2HCl + 1/2O2 C2H4Cl2 + H2O y l phn ng pha hi, din ra trong tng xc tc c nh, nhit phn ng c s dng sinh hi cao p. Bng vic s dng oxy thay cho khng kh, lng kh qut ra gim 95%, chi ph nng lng v chi ph u t cng gim. EDC c ra v lm kh, sau c tinh ch trong b phn clo ha trc tip. VCM c to ra nh cracking EDC hi lu lm sch v EDC t cng on clo ha trc tip. Phn ng cracking ny c thc hin trong l nhit phn: C2H4Cl2 C2H3Cl + HCl Sau khi lm ngui nhanh v thu hi nng lng trong mt h thng c bit, cc sn phm c tch thnh HCl (hi lu v cng on oxy - clo ha), VCM c tinh khit cao v EDC cha phn ng (hi lu v cng on clo ha v tinh ch). Quy trnh sn xut VCM ny c th c iu chnh "cn bng" sao cho nh my ch sn xut sn phm VCM hoc nh my c th c thit k s dng cc dng EDC hoc HCl nhp t ngoi. Quy tringhf ny c t ng ha c th vn hnh n nh, an ton, vi kh nng gim nng sut khi cn. Ngoi ra, quy trnh ny cng c thit k c th khi ng v ngng mt cch d dng. Chi ph nhn cng, vn, chi ph vn hnh v bo dng thp. Hiu sut phn ng i vi etylen v clo t trn 98%. QUY TRNH SN XUT EDC BNG PHN NG CLO HA TRC TIP NHIT CAO (QUY TRNH HTC) y l quy trnh ca Cng ty EVC sn xut etylen iclorua (EDC) t etylen v clo. Quy trnh ny c hiu qu nng lng cao v s dng nhit phn ng lm bay hi EDC, nh c th tinh ch sn phm bng chng ct phn on. Khc vi nhng quy trnh khc nh quy trnh LTC, quy trnh ny khng cn dng nc ra sn phm loi b clorua st (III), v vy khng cn x l nc thi. Nhit to ra trong qu trnh tinh ch cc dng EDC khc, nh EDC trong nh my VCM cn bng hoc EDC sn sut theo quy trnh oxy - clo ha, nh tiu th hi gim ng k.
M t quy trnh:
Thit b phn ng c thit k c o vi mt thanh ch U ni vi bnh tch lng - kh nm ngang. Cc kh phn ng c np vo y ca thanh ch U ny, ti y chng c ha tan v lin kt vi nhau di p sut tnh ln ngn nga s si trong vng phn ng. Trn vng ny, nhit phn ng to ra cc bong bng hi ni ln trn v i vo bnh phn ng nm ngang. S chnh lch mt trong hai nhnh ca thanh ch U m bo s tun hon t nhin ca EDC.
Uu im:
Cc u im chnh ca quy trnh HTC l:
- Tit kim nng lng: lng hi tiu hao thc trong nh my cn bng c th gim 0,8 tn /tn
VCM.
- Sn phm sch: EDC sn xut theo quy trnh ny c th c s dng trc tip trong l phn ng cracking hoc bn ra ngoi. - an ton cao: Cng ty EVC pht trin h thng iu khin v bo v chc chn, c kh nng x l tt c cc nguy c bit. - Hiu qu s dng nguyn liu cao: thit b phn ng ca quy trnh HTC chuyn ha cc kh nguyn liu etylen v clo thnh EDC sch vi hiu sut chuyn ha t 98,5% v 99,0% tng ng. - Thit k c th nghim tt, ng tin cy : thit b phn ng HTC khng c cc b phn chuyn ng, c ch to t cc vt liu c chn lc tt, biu th tui th vn hnh cao v nhu cu bo dng thp. - Lng nc thi gim: khng cn ra sn phm EDC sn xut theo quy trnh ny, v vy lng nc thi cn phi x l gim. Ngoi ra, mc tiu th xt cng rt thp.
QUI TRNH SN XUT EDC BNG PHNG PHP OXY - CLO HA y l quy trnh Vinnolit ca Cng ty Vin Tec dng sn xut EDC bng phn ng ta nhit gia cc nguyn liu etylen, HCl khan v oxy. C th s dng HCl khan t qu trnh sn xut VCM hoc t cc qu trnh khc. Cng ngh ny c p dng ti 13 thit b phn ng 10 nh my, hoc nh mt nh my s dng HCl ring r hoc nh mt b phn ca quy trnh VCM cn bng. Trong mt s trng hp n c th thay th cho cc cng ngh oxy - clo ha hin c bng cch thay i thit b phn ng cho ph hp. Hai dy chuyn sn xut theo cng ngh ny cng ang trong giai on hon thin.
M t quy trnh:
C th s dng oxy t nh my tch khng kh hoc t quy trnh hp ph p sut cao PSA. Quy trnh Vinnolit cng c kh nng dng c etylen v / hoc HCl khan cha cc dng kh ui t cc quy trnh clo ha trc tip, axetalehyt, monoclo axetic axit,... Phn ng ta nhit ca quy trnh din ra trong thit b phn ng tng si c xc tc clorua ng, nhit 200 - 220oC. Nhit phn ng c thu hi sinh hi cao p (10 bar) hoc gia nhit cc cht lng truyn nhit. Bt xc tc c loi b nh b lc xc tc kh nng kiu mi, hoc bng cch x l nc thi sao cho n p ng cc quy nh cht ch nht v gii hn hm lng ng, ioxin v furan. Quy trnh thn mi trng ny s dng kh hi lu, np n tr li thit b phn ng sau khi ngng t EDC v nc. Sau khi loi b EDC, nc thi ca qu trnh p ng nhng yu cu cht ch nht v mi trng. Sau khi loi b CO2 v cloral/ cloetanol, EDC th c tinh ch trong thit b chng ct EDC. N c th c s dng lm nguyn liu np l cracking nhit phn hoc bn ra ngoi.
Nhng c im v u im quan trng: * ng tin cy: S khng ch nhit n nh, lin kt vi thit b truyn nhit hiu qu cao v s
phn phi nhit ng u (khng c cc im qu nng) trong tng si khin cho dy chuyn thit b c th d dng t t l thi gian vn hnh trn 99% /nm. H thng phun nguyn liu c thit k c bit cho php vn hnh hai nm khng cn bo dng. Din tch truyn nhit ln cho php t nhit v p sut hi nc cao hn trong cc ng xon lm lnh nh tng an ton i vi nhit gii hn b mt, ni c th xy ra s n mn do nhit xung n im sng ca axit HCl. * An ton: oxy c phi trn vi HCl khan bn ngoi thit b phn ng v c np vo tng si c lp vi etylen. Hm lng oxy trong dng hi lu l khong 0,5% (th tch), ngoi gii hn chy n.
* Linh hot: thit b c th vn hnh mc 20% cng sut thit k v c th thay i nhanh chng ch np liu cho ph hp. * Chi ph sn xut thp: xc tc c tui th phc v khng hn ch, t l hao ht thp nh h thng xyclon hiu qu cao (tiu hao di 20 gam xc tc/ tn EDC). Hiu sut phn ng cao ca nguyn liu
(98,5% i vi etylen, 99% i vi HCl khan, 94% i vi oxy) v kh nng s dng oxy gi thnh thp t quy trnh PSA m bo tnh cnh tranh cao ca quy trnh ny nh gi thnh sn xut thp. * Hiu qu v mi trng: Hiu sut phn ng 99% l yu t then cht gim s hnh thnh cc sn phm ph. H thng lc kh nng hiu qu cao cho php tch nhng lng nh bt xc tc mn. Ngoi vic loi b EDC d trong nc thi bng phng php gii hp vi hi nc, quy trnh ny khng cn thit b x l b sung khc cho nc thi. Nc thi t tiu chun mi trng ca EU i vi cc nh my sn xut vinyl: hm lng EDC < 5 g/ tn cng sut tinh ch EDC, hm lng Cu < 1 g/tn cng sut oxy - clo ha, cc thnh phn tng t ioxin < 1 g TEQ/ tn cng sut oxy - clo ha.
M t quy trnh:
thit b phn ng vi tng xc tc c nh, v n; nhit phn ng c ly i sinh ra hi cao p. Phn ng c thc hin vi s d tha ln etylen. S chia tng xc tc mt cch linh hot, s phn b nhit phn ng thch hp v lu lng np liu cao, cng vi h thit b phn ng n chic l nhng yu t gip to ra sn lng ti a v hn ch sn phm ph mc ti thiu. Sau khi ngng t v tch cc sn phm phn ng (EDC v nc), etylen d c nn v hi lu tr li dng kh c lm sch ny c rt ra mt phn ngn nga s tch t cc cht tr. Thng thng, dng kh sch ny c lm kh v a n b phn clo ha trc tip thu hi etylen.
iu kin vn hnh:
Thit b phi trn oxy c thit k c bit v h thng kha lin ng m bo s vn hnh an ton ngoi gii hn chy n. Kiu thit k n gin v quy cch cht lng cao ca vt liu ch to khin cho thi gian s dng gia hai ln sa cha ln n 2 - 3 nm, t l thi gian vn hnh t 98% trong mt nm. Nhit phn ng c thu hi sinh hi cao p (18 bar) s dng cho cc b phn khc ca quy trnh VCM (v d nhit phn). Nc thi khng cha bt xc tc l lng, v vy khng cn lng v x l nh nc thi c hi. Hm lng ng trong cc dng nc thi ca tng xc tc c nh di 0,3 ppm, v vy khng cn phi x l.