TrangThu 2072015

TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA S PHM
B MN HA
--------------------
THIT K BI DY HC HA HC LP 11, BAN C

BN THEO S T DUY CA TONY BUZAN
Lun vn Tt nghip
Ngnh: S phm Ha Hc
GV hng dn:
Sinh vin thc hin:
Ts.GVC.Bi Phng Thanh Hun
ng Th Trang Th
Lp: S phm Ha K33
M s SV:207201
Cn Th, 2011
Lun vn tt nghip
Thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11- ban c bn theo s t duy ca Tony Buzan
LI CM N
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, em nhn c s ng vin, s gip nhit

tnh v s ng gp kin ca gia nh, qu thy c v bn b. Nh vy m lun vn
c hon thnh ng thi hn.
Li u tin, em xin chn thnh gi li cm n n:
* Thy Bi Phng Thanh Hun, GV hng dn lun vn, TS.GVC B mn
Ha Khoa S phm Trng i hc Cn Th, thy tn tnh hng dn, gip ,
truyn t kin thc cho em trong sut qu trnh thc hin v hon thnh ti lun vn
tt nghip.
* Thy V Quc Cng, c L Th Kim Nguyn gio vin hng dn thc tp,
trng trung hc ph thng Bi Hu Ngha ng vin, gip , ng gp kin v
to mi iu kin thun li cho em hon thnh lun vn.
* Tp th lp 11B1, 11B3 Trng trung hc ph thng Bi Hu ngha.
* V xin chn thnh cm n s gip , ng vin ca tt c ngi thn trong gia
nh v bn b trong sut thi gian qua.
Chn thnh cm n
ng Th Trang Th
GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun
Tr ang i
SVTH: ng Th Trang Th
Lun vn tt nghip
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Tr ang ii
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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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MC LC
Li cm n....................................................................................................................... i
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn .................................................................................. ii
Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin .................................................................................... iii
Mc lc .......................................................................................................................... iv
Danh mc cc t vit tt trong lun vn ........................................................................ vii
Tm tt lun vn .......................................................................................................... viii
Phn M U
1.L do chn ti ......................................................................................................... 1
2. Mc ch nghin cu ................................................................................................... 1
3. Nhim v nghin cu .................................................................................................. 1
4. Phng php v phng tin nghin cu..................................................................... 1
4.1. Phng php nghin cu ........................................................................................ 2
4.2. Phng tin nghin cu .......................................................................................... 2
5. Cc gi thuyt khoa hc .............................................................................................. 2
6. Cc bc thc hin ti ............................................................................................ 2
Phn NI DUNG
Chng 1. C s l lun v thc tin .............................................................................. 3
1.1. Phng php dy hc ............................................................................................. 3
1.1.1. Cc khi nim .................................................................................................... 3
1.1.2. Cc phng php dy hc ................................................................................. 4
1.1.3. i mi phng php dy hc ........................................................................... 5
1.1.3.1. Chuyn i m hnh dy hc ........................................................................ 5
1.1.3.2. Lm th no dy tt mn ha hc ............................................................. 8
1.2. Phng php dy hc tch cc ................................................................................ 8
1.2.1. Th no l phng php dy hc tch cc .......................................................... 9
1.2.2. Mt s phng php dy hc tch cc ............................................................... 9
1.2.2.1. Phng php dy hc s dng tnh hung c vn ..................................... 9
1.2.2.2. Phng php grap dy hc.......................................................................... 12
1.2.2.3. Phng php algoric ................................................................................... 14
Tr ang iv
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1.3. Phng php hc tch cc .................................................................................... 19

1.4. Tng quan v s t duy v phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 ................. 23
1.4.1. S t duy ca Tony Buzan .......................................................................... 23
1.4.1.1. Tc gi Tony Buzan .................................................................................... 23
1.4.1.2. S t duy ............................................................................................... 24
1.4.1.3. Hng dn to s t duy ........................................................................ 26
1.4.2. Gii thiu phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 ......................................... 27
1.4.2.1. Gii thiu chung ......................................................................................... 27
1.4.2.2. Hng dn ci t phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 ........................ 28
1.4.2.3. Giao din ca chng trnh ......................................................................... 32
1.4.2.3.1. Home ..................................................................................................... 32
1.4.2.3.2. Insert ..................................................................................................... 33
1.4.2.3.3. Format ................................................................................................... 34
1.4.2.3.4. Review .................................................................................................. 35
1.4.2.3.5. View ...................................................................................................... 35
1.4.2.3.6. Tools ..................................................................................................... 35
1.4.2.4. Hng dn cch to s t duy bng phn mm Mindjet ......................... 37
Chng 2. Thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11 ban c bn theo s t duy ca Tony
Buzan............................................................................................................................ 41
2.1. Thit k hot ng dy hc theo s t duy ....................................................... 41
2.2. Trnh chiu bi dy hc in t khi dy hc ha hc theo s t duy ............... 43
2.3. Mt s im cn lu khi thit k bi dy hc theo s t duy ......................... 50
2.4. Mt s bi dy hc lp 11 ban c bn c thit k trn s t duy ............... 52
2.4.1. Bi dy hc theo s t duy.......................................................................... 52
2.4.2. Bi dy hc theo s t duy chi tit dng word c xut ra t Mindjet
MindManager Pro 7 ...................................................................................................... 54
Chng 3. Thc nghim s phm ................................................................................. 72
3.1. Mc ch thc nghim s phm............................................................................ 72
3.2. Nhim v thc nghim ......................................................................................... 72
3.3. i tng thc nghim......................................................................................... 72
3.4. Chun b thc nghim .......................................................................................... 72
3.5. Tin hnh thc nghim ......................................................................................... 72
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3.6. Thng k m t kt qu thc nghim .................................................................... 72

3.6.1. Cch trnh by kt qu thc nghim................................................................. 73
3.6.2. Phn tch nh lng kt qu thc nghim s phm thng qua
phiu hc tp................................................................................................................. 73
3.6.3. Phn tch nh tnh kt qu thc nghim s phm ............................................ 78
3.6.3.1. Phiu phng vn gio vin .......................................................................... 78
3.6.3.2. Phiu phng vn hc sinh ........................................................................... 79
KT LUN V KIN NGH ..................................................................................... 82
PH LC .................................................................................................................... 84
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................ 118
Tr ang vi
Lun vn tt nghip
Danh mc cc t vit tt trong lun vn
PPDH
Phng php dy hc.
GV
Gio vin.
HS
Hc sinh.
THCV
Tnh hung c vn .
PT
Phng trnh.
CTCT
Cng thc cu to.
CTPT
Cng thc phn t.
SGK
Sch gio khoa.
THPT
Trung hc ph thng
Tr ang vii
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TM TT LUN VN
Lun vn gm ba phn:
Phn 1: PHN M U
Phn 2: NI DUNG NGHIN CU
y l phn chnh ca ti bao gm:
Chng 1: C s l lun v thc tin
* Phng php dy hc.
* Phng php dy hc tch cc.
* Phng php hc tch cc.
* Tng quan v s t duy v phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7
- S t duy ca Tony Buzan.
- Gii thiu phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7.
Chng 2: Thit k bi dy ha hc lp 11 ban c bn theo s t duy ca Tony Buzan
Chng 3: Thc nghim s phm
Thc nghim s phm chng minh rng:
ti: Thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn theo s t duy ca Tony
Buzan l cn thit.
Phn 3: KT LUN V KIN NGH
Tr ang viii
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M U
1. L DO CHN TI
t nc ang trn pht trin, tnh hnh x hi chuyn sang mt giai on mi,
cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut ang din ra mnh m v c nhiu thnh tu c th
ng dng vo trong lnh vc gio dc, mt trong nhng thnh tu c thnh tu ca
Tony Buzan, ng sng to ra cc s t duy m chng ta c th vn dng chng vo
cng vic dy hc.
Hin nay, cng vi s i mi ni dung chng trnh sch gio khoa, th vic i
mi phng php dy hc cng l mt vn ht sc quan trng. Trong s nghip i
mi ny, chng ta cn vn dng cc phng php dy hc mi, thng qua vic ng dng
cng ngh thng tin, s gp phn kch thch lng say m hc hi ca hc sinh, ng thi
gip cho bi ging ca gio vin thm sinh ng v thu ht.
Qua tm hiu thc t trng ph thng cho thy, vic hc tp mn ha hc ca hc
sinh cn nhiu bt cp, phn ln cc em cho rng mn ha hc l mt mn hc kh, nn
cc em u khng am m hc hi, dn n cht lng dy v hc ha km, in hnh l
kt qu im mn ha trong cc k thi tt nghip v i hc thp. V vy, vic nghin
cu ti thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn theo s t duy ca Tony
Buzan l cn thit v gp phn p ng nhng nhu cu ca thc tin hin nay.
2. MC CH NGHIN CU
Nghin cu thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn theo s t duy ca
Tony Buzan nhm nng cao cht lng dy hc ha hc trng trung hc ph thng.
3. NHIM V NGHIN CU
Nhim v th nht: Nghin cu l thuyt v l lun dy hc ha hc, phng php
t hc ca hc sinh.
Nhim v th hai: Nghin cu l thuyt v s t duy ca Tony Buzan, tm hiu
phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7, s dng phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro
7 vo vic thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn.
Nhim v th ba: Tin hnh thc nghim trng ph thng nh gi kt qu
nghin cu v tnh kh thi ca ti.
4. PHNG PHP V PHNG TIN NGHIN CU

4.1.Phng php nghin cu
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Nghin cu l thuyt:
- Sch gio khoa mn ha hc lp 11, ban c bn.
- Cc ti liu v l lun dy hc ha hc, l thuyt v s t duy ca Tony Buzan.
- Nghin cu ng dng phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 thit k bi ging.
Thc nghim s phm:
- Tin hnh dy th nghim v phng vn nh gi tnh kh thi ca ti.
- iu tra, phng vn, x l s liu thc nghim
- Tng kt, nh gi v kt lun.
4.2.Phng tin nghin cu
- My tnh, phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7.
- Sch gio vin, sch gio khoa, sch bi tp lp 11, ban c bn.
- Phiu iu tra,
5. CC GI THUYT KHOA HC
Vic nghin cu thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn theo s t duy
ca Tony Buzan s gp phn nng cao cht lng dy hc ha hc trng trung hc
ph thng.
6. CC BC THC HIN TI
Giai on 1:
- Gp GVHD LVTN nhn ti, tham kho ti liu hon thnh cng chi tit.
Giai on 2:
- Tm hiu v vic s dng phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 thit k bi dy
hc ha hc lp 11 ban c bn.
- Tm hiu cc phng php dy hc tch cc.
Giai on 3:
- Tin hnh thc nghim trng ph thng.
Giai on 4:
- X l s liu thc nghim.
- nh gi kt qu nghin cu, kt lun v kin ngh.
- Xin kin ng gp ca gio vin hng dn chnh sa bi cho hon chnh.
- Hon thnh lun vn, bo co lun vn.
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CHNG 1
C S L LUN V THC TIN
1.1. PHNG PHP DY HC
Gio dc khng nhm mc tiu nhi nht kin thc m l thp sng nim tin
(Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire)
- W. B. Yeats
1.1.1. Cc khi nim

- Phng php
Phng php l mt thnh t ht sc quan trng ca qu trnh hot ng. Khi
xc nh c mc ch v ni dung hot ng th phng php hot ng c vai tr
quyt nh cht lng hot ng. cact R (1596-1650), mt i biu ca trit hc
Php th k XVII ni: Khng c phng php ngi ti cng mc li, c phng
php ngi bnh thng cng c th lm c nhng cng vic phi thng.
- Phng php dy hc
Dy hc thng c hiu theo ba cp . Tng ng ba cp ca dy hc l ba
cp ca PPDH:
1. PPDH l cch thc trin khai ca mt h thng a tng, a din (ngnh hc,bc hc,
cp hc)
2. PPDH l phng php trin khai mt qu tnh dy hc c th (bao gm: cch thc
hnh thnh mc ch dy hc, cch son tho v trin khai ni dung dy hc, cch thc t
chc hot ng dy v hot ng hc nhm thc hin mc ch, ni dung dy hc v
cch thc kim tra, nh gi kt qu qu trnh dy hc).
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3. PPDH l cch thc tin hnh cc hot ng ca ngi dy v ngi hc nhm thc
ni dung dy hc c xc nh.
Cn l lun dy hc hin i th cho rng PPDH l tng hp cc cch thc hot
ng phi hp ca gio vin v hc sinh, c thc hin trong qu trnh dy hc. Trong
, cch thc hot ng ca gio vin ng vai tr ch o, cch thc ca hc sinh ng
vai tr ch ng nhm thc hin mc ch dy hc.
- Phng php dy hc ha hc
Trong cc tc phm l lun dy hc, cc nh nghin cu a ra nhiu nh ngha
v PPDH ha hc. Gio s Nguyn Ngc Quang nh ngha: PPDH ha hc l cch
thc hot ng, cng tc c mc ch gia gio vin v hc sinh trong thng nht s
iu khin ca gio vin i vi s b iu khin t iu khin ca hc sinh nhm lm
cho hc sinh chim lnh khi nim ha hc.
1.1.2. Cc phng php dy hc
Da vo phng tin s dng v chc nng ca PPDH, cc PPDH ch yu hin
nay c phn thnh cc nhm phng php:
S 1.1: H thng cc nhm phng php dy hc
1.1.3. i mi phng php dy hc

Trong mt thi gian di, ngi thy c trang b phng php truyn th tri
thc cho HS theo quan h mt chiu thy truyn t tr tip nhn. mt phng din
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no , khi s dng phng php ny th cc em HS mt ch th ca gi dy b

b ri gio vin l ngi st sng v n lc i tm chic cha kha m ci kho ng
kin thc l ci u ca HS, v gio vin mang bt k iu tt p no ca khoa hc
cht y ci kho ny theo phm vi v kh nng ca mnh. Cn cc em HS l i tng
th ng, ngoan ngon, c gng v thiu tnh c lp. chim c v tr s mt trong
lp, HS phi c c khng phi tnh ham hiu bit khn cng ca mt tr tu sc xo
m phi c mt tr nh tt, phi tht c gng t c im s cao trong tt c cc
mn hc. Ngoi ra, phi chm lo sao cho quan im ca chnh mnh ph hp vi quan
im ca thy c gio.
Trong PPDH truyn thng, tnh th ng ca HS c bc l rt r rng. HS ch
phi nh nhng g m ngi cung cp cho n trng thi hon thnh.
Vy HS ch ng, tch cc, sng to trong hc tp th tt yu phi i mi
PPDH.
* Cc PPDH theo xu hng mi hin nay:
- Dy hc hng vo ngi hc
- Dy hc bng hot ng ca ngi hc
- Dy hc bng s a dng cc phng php
- Dy hc tch hp
- Vn p tm ti
- Dy hc nu v gii quyt vn
- Dy hc hp tc trong nhm nh
- Dy hc theo d n
- Dy hc thc hnh
1.1.3.1. Chuyn i m hnh dy hc
Tm nhn Vit Nam n nm 2020, Vit Nam s tr thnh mt quc gia pht trin
theo nh hng Vit Nam dn giu, nc mnh, x hi cng bng, dn ch, vn minh.
Con ngi t ch, nng ng, sng to; con ngi c kh nng pht hin v gii quyt
nhng vn ny sinh trong cuc sng x hi, l mc tiu l ng lc ca s pht trin
x hi Vit Nam. p ng nhu cu ny, gio dc Vit Nam ang chuyn dch mi
quan h tc ng ch yu v ph bin mt chiu t GV n HS sang mi quan h tng
tc hai chiu GV-HS, HS-HS. Khi GV ch ng vai tr ch o nhm pht huy tnh
ch ng, tch cc, sng to v t hc ca HS.
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im khc nhau gia phng php dy hc c truyn v phng php dy hc tch

cc:
Bng 1.1: Bng so snh s khc nhau gia PPDH c truyn v PPDH tch cc.
Quan
nim
Bn cht
Dy hc c truyn
Dy hc tch cc
(GV lm trung tm)
(HS lm trung tm)
- Hc l qu trnh tip thu v
- Hc l qu trnh kin to; HS
lnh hi, qua hnh thnh
tm ti, khm ph, pht hin t
kin thc, k nng, t tng,
hnh thnh hiu bit, nng lc,
tnh cm.
phm cht.
- Truyn th tri thc, truyn
- T chc hot ng nhn thc
th v chng minh chn l ca
cho HS, dy HS tm ra chn l.
GV.
Mc tiu
- Ch trng cung cp tri thc,
- Ch trng hnh thnh cc nng
k nng, k xo, HS i ph
lc (sng to, hp tc), dy
vi thi c.
phng php v k thut khoa

hc, dy cch hc p ng
yu cu ca cuc sng hin ti.
Cch tip
cn
Vai tr c
GV v
HS
- Tip cn c bn ln ni
- Tip cn c bn ln cc vn
dung.
- GV ch ng iu khin, HS
- GV ch o; HS ch ng, tch
tip thu. Mi quan h ch yu:
cc, sng to. Mi quan h:
GV
GV
HS
- Sch gio khoa + GV
HS, HS
HS
- T nhiu ngun khc nhau:

sch gio khoa, GV, cc ti liu
Ni dung
khoa hc ph hp, bo tng, thc

t, gn vi vn hiu bit, kinh
nghim v nhu cu ca HS, tnh
hung thc t, bi cnh v mi
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trng a phng, nhng vn

HS quan tm.
Phng
php
- Cc phng php dy hc
- Cc phng php dy hc hin
truyn thng (trong , ch
i (trong , GV hng dn; HS
yu GV c thoi, pht vn,
hc cch hc, cch gii quyt
p t kin thc sn c, c
vn , cch sng v trng
quyn nh gi, cho im c
thnh nh tm ti, iu tra, gii
nh; HS nghe, ghi, hc thuc
quyt vn , dy hc tng tc.
v tr bi,
HS t nh gi, t iu chnh
lm c s cho GV cho im di
ng.
Phng
- Cha c quan tm ng
- S dng cc th nghim, cc
mc.
thit b hin i v c bit l
tin dy
ng dng cng ngh thng tin
hc
Hnh thc
t chc
vo ging dy.
- C nh, gii hn trong bn
- C ng, linh hot: hc lp,
bc tng ca lp hc, GV
phng th nghim, hin trng,
i din vi c lp.
trong thc t,; hc c nhn, i

bn, nhm v c lp i din vi
GV.
Kt qu
- Ch yu bi dng cho HS
- Bi dng cho HS tnh t ch,
tr nh, t duy ti hin, kh c
nng ng, sng to; nng lc
kh nng thch ng vi cuc
pht hin v gii quyt vn ,
sng.
kh nng hp tc, c kh nng

thch ng cao trong cuc sng
1.1.3.2. Lm th no dy tt mn ha hc?
dy tt mn ha hc, ngi GV phi t ngi hc vo v tr ch th ca hot
ng nhn thc, lm cho HS hot ng trong gi hc, rn luyn HS gii quyt cc vn
ca khoa hc t d n kh, c nh vy HS mi c iu kin tt tip thu v vn dng
kin thc mt cch ch ng sng to.
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Ha hc l mt mn khoa hc t nhin v l mn hc va thc nghim va l

thuyt. V vy, GV dy cho HS cch t duy tru tng, cch nhn bng c nhn vo
th gii vi m m mt thng khng nhn c, l cc ht nguyn t, phn t , ion,
electron,
GV dy cho HS cch quan st v dy cc thao tc t duy:
- Dy quan st v so snh.
- Dy quy np v suy din.
- Dy phn tch v tng hp.
- Rn luyn tr thng minh cho HS.
1.2. PHNG PHP DY HC TCH CC

*Tnh tch cc:
Tnh tch cc l mt sn phm vn c ca con ngi, bi v tn ti pht trin con
ngi khng ch tiu th nhng g c sn trong thin nhin m lun phi ch ng, tch
cc sn xut ra nhng ca ci vt cht, ci bin mi trng t nhin, ci to x hi.
Hnh thnh v pht trin tnh tch cc l mt trong cc nhim v ch yu ca gio
dc, nhm o to con ngi nng ng, thch ng v gp phn pht trin x hi.
Tnh tch cc trong hot ng hc tp l tnh tch cc nhn thc, c trng kht
vng hiu bit, c ngh lc cao trong qu trnh chim lnh tri thc. Trong hc tp, HS
phi khm ph ra nhng hiu bit mi i vi bn thn di s t chc v hng dn ca
GV.
Mc ch trong vic i mi PPDH hin nay l thay i li dy hc truyn th mt
chiu sang dy hc theo PPDH tch cc nhm gip HS pht huy tnh tch cc, t gic,
ch ng, sng to, rn luyn thi quen v kh nng t hc, tinh thn hp tc, k nng
vn dng kin thc vo nhng tnh hung khc nhau trong hc tp v trong thc tin; to
nim tin, nim vui, hng th trong hc tp.
1.2.1.Th no l phng php dy hc tch cc?
Nh chng ta bit, mi mt phng php ging dy d c in hay hin i u
nhn mnh ln mt kha cnh no ca qu trnh dy hc, hoc nhn mnh ln mt no
thuc v vai tr ngi thy. Cho d phng php th hin hiu qu nh th no th
n vn tn ti mt vi kha cnh m ngi hc v ngi dy cha khai thc ht. Chnh v
th m khng c phng php dy hc no c cho l l tng. Mi phng php u
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c u im ca n do vy ngi thy nn xy dng cho mnh mt phng php ring

ph hp vi mc tiu, bn cht ca vn cn trao i, ph hp vi thnh phn nhm
lp hc, cc ngun lc, cng c dy hc sn c v cui cng l ph hp vi s thch ca
mnh. Vy phng php dy hc c gi l tch cc nu hi t c cc yu t sau:
- Th hin r vai tr ca ngun thng tin v ngun lc sn c
- Th hin r c ng c hc tp ca ngi hc khi bt u mn hc.
- Th hin r c bn cht v kin thc cn huy ng.
- Th hin r c vai tr ca ngi hc, ngi dy, vai tr ca cc mi tng tc trong
qu trnh hc.
- Th hin c kt qu mong i ca ngi hc.
1.2.2. Mt s phng php dy hc tch cc
- Nhm phng php trc quan: s dng th nghim, m hnh, bn v,
- Nhm phng php thc hnh: HS c trc tip tc ng vo i tng (quan st
mu cht, lp dng c th nghim, lm th nghim,) t lc khm ph tri thc mi.
- Vn p tm ti: GV l ngi t chc s tm ti, cn HS l ngi t lc pht hin kin
thc mi.
Mt s phng php hin i:
- Dy hc s dng tnh hung c vn .
- Dy hc theo nhm (c s dng trong cc gi dy thc hnh, t c p dng trong
dy bi mi)
Ngoi ra, cn c mt s phng php tch cc khc nh: phng php grap dy
hc, phng php algorit,
1.2.2.1. Phng php dy hc s dng tnh hung c vn
S dng tnh hung c vn (THCV) trong qu trnh dy hc, nhm chun b
cho HS k nng gii quyt vn trong hc tp v nhng thi , tri thc c lin quan
thng qua vic gii quyt h thng THCV. Trong qu trnh , mt mt, nhng
THCV c s dng nh nhng phng tin, nhng bin php kch thch thi tch
cc hc tp ca HS. Mt khc, vic gii quyt vn trong tnh hung cn c coi nh
nhng mc tiu m HS cn t c trong qu trnh hc tp, vi mc ch chun b cho
cc em kh nng gii quyt vn trong cuc sng sau ny. Mun t c iu , vic
s dng THCV trn lp phi l mt quy trnh c thit k theo mt logic hp l da
trn nhng cn c khoa hc.
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* c trng ca PPDH s dng THCV

c trng c bn nht l HS hc tp thng qua gii quyt h thng THCV.
Qu trnh dy hc theo phng php ny c chia thnh nhng giai on, nhng
bc c tnh mc ch chuyn bit.
Qu trnh dy hc thng qua vic s dng THCV c th c t chc vi nhiu
hnh thc v phng php dy hc phong ph, a dng. Cc hnh thc (ln lp, hc
nh, vi cc dng hc tp cc nhn, nhm, tp th) v phng php dy hc (hi-p
gi m; tm ti nghin cu ti liu; bo co v trnh byc s dng phi hp. Trong
qu trnh , HS c li cun tham gia cng tp th, ng no, tranh lun di s
hng dn, gi m ca GV.
Phng php dy hc s dng THCV cng c th thm nhp vo cc phng
php khc, tng cng hiu qu ca phng php . V d: thuyt trnh nu vn ,
trnh by trc quan nu vn
* Nguyn tc s dng h thng THCV
- Ph hp vi mc ch, ni dung dy hc ca mn hc c quy nh chung trong
k hoch chng trnh dy hc mn hc ca B gio dc v o to.
- m bo mi quan h thng nht bin chng gia hot ng hng dn ca GV vi
hot ng ch ng, tch cc v sng to ca HS.
- Phi c t chc vi cc hnh thc v phng php dy hc phong ph, a dng.
- m bo cc mi quan h hp tc cht ch.
- Phi m bo tnh h thng.
* Quy trnh s dng h thng THCV
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S 1.2: Quy trnh s dng THCV
* u, nhc im ca vic dy hc thng qua THCV

- u im:
+ HS c hc tp trong mi trng s phm l tng, c lm vic trc tip vi i
tng hc tp, nh ni dung hc tp c gn vi tnh hung c th. iu c tc dng
kch thch c t m, ham hiu bit ca HS, lm cho HS thy c vic hc l cn thit
i vi s sng.
+ Tng cng tnh c lp, tch cc v tinh thn hp tc cng nhau gii quyt tnh
hung ca HS.
+ Pht trin cc k nng gii quyt vn - mc tiu hng u ca nn gio dc trong
x hi hin i.
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+ Chun b tt nht cho HS kh nng thch ng vi cuc sng.

- Nhc im: tn thi gian, HS d lc hng trong qu trnh gii quyt vn , vic
xy dng cc THCV trong dy hc v hng dn HS gii quyt vn l cng vic
kh khn, khng phi ni dung dy hc no cng s dng c phng php ny.
1.2.2.2. Phng php grap dy hc
T nm 1970 vn dng quy lut pht hin v s chuyn ha phng php khoa
hc thnh phng php dy hc, c gio s Nguyn Ngc Quang cng vi cc cng
tc vin trin khai nghin cu vn dng l thuyt grap ca ton hc chuyn ha n thnh
phng php dy hc ha hc.
- Grap ni dung dy hc l s phn nh trc quan tp hp nhng kin thc cht (c
bn, cn v ) ca mt ni dung dy hc v c logic pht trin bn trong.
+ V mt nhn thc lun, grap ton hc c chn chuyn ha thnh PPDH v n
l phng php khoa hc thuc loi ring rng, c tnh khi qut cao, c tnh n nh
vng chc. N c kh nng ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khoa hc k thut, gio dc
+ V mt tm l l lun dy hc, grap va tru tng khi qut, li va c th biu
t bng s ha hnh c th - trc quan.
Trong cc dng grap ni dung dy hc, grap ca bi hc l dng quan trng nht.
- u im:
+ HS d nm trng tm bi.
+ HS d hiu v khc su bi hc.
+ C li cho s ghi nh kin thc.
- Phm vi p dng:
+ Thit k ni dung dy hc:
n tp, luyn tp chng.
Cng c, h thng kin thc mt bi.
Cch gii bi tp.
+ Thit k PPDH
- Yu cu khi s dng grap trong dy hc cn m bo cc yu cu sau:
+ Tnh khi qut: grap th hin c tnh tng th ca cc kin thc, logic pht trin
ca vn v cc mi lin h gia chng.
+ Tnh trc quan: ng lin h r, p; hnh cn i; dng k hiu mu sc, m
nht ca ng ntd nhn mnh quan trng.
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+ Tnh h thng: th hin r trnh t kin thc, logic pht trin ca kin thc.
+ Tnh sc tch: dng k hiu, quy c vit tt cc nh nu c nhng du hiu
bn cht ca kin thc.
- Nguyn tc xy dng grap ni dung dy hc:
Ni dung
Kin thc cht

nh
nh
nh
Logic
S 1.3: Xy dng s grap
Trong :
nh din t kin thc cht ca ni dung
Cung din t mi lin h dn xut gia cc kin thc cht, cho thy logic pht trin
ca ni dung.
- Su hnh thc xy dng grap (t d n kh):
+ GV trin khai grap ni dung c sn trong ni dung bi.
+ Xy dng grap cho mt phn ca bi ging.
+ GV cho trc mt grap ni dung cha hon chnh (cha r nh, cha c cung), HS
t lc hon thnh.
+ HS xy dng grap ni dung da vo s cm v nhng cu hi gi ca GV.
+ Bi ging c tin hnh da trn ni dung do HS t lp trc nh.
+ HS lp grap cho bi hc ngay t u gi da vo sch gio khoa theo s hng dn
ca GV bng h thng cu hi v bi tp. Sau HS bo co kt qu, tho lun hon
thin grap. Cui cng GV a ra grap hon thin.
- Cc bc c th lp grap ni dung dy hc bao gm:
Bc 1: T chc cc nh
Gm cc cng vic chnh sau:
+ Chn kin thc cht ti thiu cn v .
+ M ha cho tht sc tch, c th dng k hiu quy c.
+ t chng vo cc nh ca mt phng.
Bc 2: Thit lp cc cung
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Thc cht l ni cc nh vi nhau bng cc mi tn din t mi lin h ph

thuc gia ni dung cc nh vi nhau, lm sau phn nh c logic pht trin ca ni
dung.
Bc 3: Hon thin grap
Lm sao cho grap trung thnh vi ni dung c m hnh ha v cu trc logic,
nhng li gip cho HS lnh hi d dng ni dung , phi m bo m thut v mt trnh
by.
V d:
S 1.4: M hnh dy hc Ha hc kt hp Grap-Bloom
Tm li, grap ni dung dy hc cn tun th mt khoa hc, mt s phm v c mt

thm m.
1.2.2.3. Phng php algolit
Algoric thng c hiu l bn ghi nh chnh xc, tng minh tp hp nhng
thao tc s ng, n tr theo mt trnh t nht nh (ty mi trng hp c th) gii
quyt bt k vn no thuc cng mt loi hay mt kiu.
Algoric c hai dng:
- Algoric dng li.
- Algoric gii dng s block.
* Cc kiu algoric dy hc:
C hai kiu: algoric nhn bit v algoric bin i. Trong mt algoric bin i c th
cha ng nhng thao tc (thm ch c logic nhn bit). Ngc li, mt algoric nhn bit
c th bao gm nhng thao tc (hoc algoric bin i)
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* Ba khi nim c bn khi tip cn algoric: s m t di dng algoric cu trc hot

ng; bn ghi algoric ca hot ng; qu trnh algoric ca hot ng.
M t algorit
Bn ghi algorit
Qu trnh algorit ca hot ng

S 1.5: Tip cn algoric
- M t algoric: i vi mt hot ng dy m ta mun algoric ha, trc ht cn pht

hin ra cu trc hot ng v m hnh ha cu trc hot ng. Bn thn algoric khng
gii quyt c bt c bi ton no, nhng n l c s xut pht ca qu trnh algoric
ha.
- Bn ghi algoric:
+ Bn ghi algoric cho ta bit phi hnh ng nh th no, theo logic no, bt u t
u, qua nhng bc g v i n u.
+ Bn ghi algoric cn l cng c t iu khin cho d ch th khi chp hnh nhng
mnh lnh c cht li trong tc l t diu khin t duy, thao tc
- Qu trnh algoric ca hot ng: Da trn s hng dn khch quan ca bn ghi
algoric, ngi gii bi ton ch vic chp hnh chnh xc nhng mnh lnh trong bn ghi
v i ti p s mt cch chc chn.
* Nhng nt c trng c bn ca algoric dy hc:
C ba c trng c bn
- Tnh xc nh:
+ Nhng mnh lnh thc hin, nhng thao tc ghi trong algoric phi n tr, ngha l
hon ton xc nh (c hay khng, ng hay sai,) phi loi tr mi ngu nhin, ty tin
m h. Ni dung cng ngn gn cng tt, nhng nht thit phi d hiu, ai cng r ngha
ca mnh lnh.
+ Ngoi ra mnh lnh phi tng ng vi thao tc dy hc s ng, ai cng thc hin
ng, d dng v nh nhau.
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- Tnh i tr: Ngi ta ch algoric ha nhng hot ng lp i lp li nhiu ln, mang

tnh i tr, ph bin, thuc cng mt th loi no nh gii ton, th nghim, lp rp
dng c ha hc Khng ai hoi cng lp algoric cho mt hot ng ring bit, ch din
ra mt vi ln.
- Tnh hiu qu: Tnh cht algoric l i cc vi tnh cht rixtic. Nu s dng phng
php algoric chc chn s ch dn ti thnh cng, ngha l xc xut t kt qu ca n v
l thuyt , p=l2. iu ny hon ton d hiu, l algoric l m hnh cu trc bit ca
hot ng, l bn ghi cc mnh lnh thao tc thc hin, l qu trnh trin khai chnh
xc nhng mnh lnh .
* Li ch ca phng php algoric v vic dy cho HS phng php algoric
i vi HS:
- Li ch u tin m phng php algoric mang li l gip cho HS hnh thnh ba bc
gii quyt vn theo phng php algoric:
+ M hnh ha bng phng php grap.
+ Lp bng ghi algoric.
+ Trin khai qu trnh hot ng da theo algoric.
- Theo kin ca mt s chuyn gia, phng php algoric pht huy tnh tch cc, t
duy c nh hng ca HS. C kin cho rng, cc algoric c sn rp khun nh vy s
khng pht huy tnh tch cc ca HS. Thc ra, trong phn cc c trng ca algoric cho
bit, algoric c lp ra khng phi gii mt bi ton ring bit m l cho mt dng
ton, n bao gm cc bc i m ngi gii ton phi tin hnh i n kt qu. Nhng
bn ghi ch c tnh nh hng hng gii mt dng ton ch khng phi l mt bi
gii c th, gip ngi gii khng cm thy kh khn khi ng trc bi ton, m mun
gii n, ngi gii cng phi t duy, suy lun p dng cho bi ton c th, v c nh vy
t duy ca HS s pht trin sau mi ln gii mt bi c th.
Ngha l cc phng php gii nhng bi ton ha hc c c th ha bng cc
algoric mang li li ch thit thc c th nht, l i n kt qu bi ton chnh xc,
nhanh chng, trnh m mm mt nhiu thi gian. iu ny s c nhng ng vin v
mt tinh thn ca tng i tng HS khc nhau:
+ HS kh gii: c c kt qu nhanh, chnh xc mt thi gian, t c th suy
ngh n nhng phng php gii khc.
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+ HS yu km: bn thn cc em s c c nim tin trong hc tp hn, cc em s c

ng vin, khch l, t s hnh thnh thc hc tp tt hn.
- Hnh thnh phng php chung, ph bin ca t duy khoa hc v hot ng c mc
ch. T , gip HS lm quen vi phng php lm vic m trong quy nh r cc
vic cn tin hnh theo trnh t cht ch.
Bi v, bn ghi algoric va l cng c t iu khin hoat ng va l cng c t
iu khin cho ngi dng algoric trin khai hot ng.
Ni mt cch khc, ban u algoric c lp ra l iu khin hot ng ca
ngi gii theo bn ghi cc thao tc c sn c tnh rp khun my mc. Nu ch hiu n
kha cnh ny th phng php algoric dy hc khng th no pht huy c tnh tch
cc ca HS m cn lm cho HS th ng hn. Vy c ngha l phng php algoric dy
hc khng phi l phng php hiu qu, do vy c nn s dng chng?
ch l tc dng ban u ca algoric, thc t chnh t nhng thi quen lm vic
lun c mc ch, c k hoch c bit l t duy logic khoa hc pht trin. T s gip
cho HS pht trin nng lc t hc. Trong qu trnh t hc, cc em s hnh thnh nn
nhng algoric rixtic kin thc khc (algoric ca qu trnh tm kim) sng to hn, hiu
qu hn gii quyt vn trong cc tnh hung c vn do GV hoc do cuc sng,
sn xut t ra m khng h rp khun my mc.
Mt khc, cc thi quen lm vic theo cc quy tc cht ch s gip hnh thnh nhn
cch ton din cho HS, hnh thnh th gii quan duy vt bin chng cho cc em: khi lm
vic lun bit tn trng cc quy nh c sn (cc quy lut khch quan ca t nhin v x
hi) th cc cng vic s c kt qu nh mong mun.
i vi GV:
- Vic dy hc bng phng php algoric s gip ngi GV hnh thnh c cc
phng php gii bi ton ha cho HS mt cch tp trung vo trng tm, nhanh chng v
c hiu qu. T kt qu t c khi gii ton, HS s c khch l ng vin, do
hng th hot ng, tch cc tham gia vo hot ng chung ca c lp cng nh hot
ng t hc. c bit l HS yu km.
- Gip GV thit k algoric cc gi thc hnh th nghim c h thng, hiu qu. Nh cc
algoric, HS s thu c cc kt qu th nghim tht tt. Cc gi thc hnh th nghim s
khng tin hnh thnh cng c nu khng tun theo cc algoric hot ng c th.
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- Gip ngi GV thit k ni dung dy hc chng trnh ha nhm lm cho HS tip

thu tt nht. h thng cc kin thc m GV truyn th.
Hin nay, dy hc chng trnh ha cn giai on th im. Nhng hiu qu s
phm ca n c sc thuyt phc ln.
C th nu ra nh ngha nh sau: dy hc chng trnh ha l mt kin dy hc
m ni dung dy hc c sp xp theo mt chng trnh trn c s ca nguyn tc iu
khin hot ng nhn thc (algoric), c tnh ton y kh nng tip thu tt nht ca
HS.
Dy hc chng trnh ha l s dy hc c thc hin di s ch o s phm
ca mt chng trnh dy; trong s dy hc ny, nhng chc nng ca h dy (GV) c
khch quan ha v s hot ng ca h hc (HS) c chng trnh ha. y chng
trnh dy c son thnh mt algoric dy nhm xc nh cht ch s hot ng ca
tng HS ring l.
* Vn dng phng php algoric ha trong dy hc ha hc
Trong qu trnh dy hc trng ph thng, s dng bi tp ha hc l vic lm
hiu qu v khng th thiu nng cao kh nng t duy, suy lun logic ca HS, ng
thi cng gip HS nm vng l thuyt, vn dng mt cch thnh tho, p dng l thuyt
trong hon cnh c th ca thc tin. Vic gii bi tp ph thng khng phi bao gi
cng d dng i vi mi i tng HS. Ngay c vi nhng HS kh, gii cng cn phi
c rn luyn mt cch c k hoch v phng php gii v tt nhin vi HS trung bnh
v yu th yu cu li cng tr nn bc thit.
Mt trong nhng cch cung cp, hng dn HS gii cc dng ton ph thng l
dng phng php algoric. Vi ngha l mt bng ghi tng minh, chnh xc, trnh by
cc bc gii n tr v chc chn i n kt qu ng, PPDH algoric c ngha tch cc
quan trng i vi HS c kh nng t duy km v c chc nng nh hng cho cc HS
kh gii. Trc y v hin nay c nhiu kin tri ngc nhau khi nh gi v dy hc
algoric. C kin cho rng algoric s git cht kh nng t duy, sng to ca HS, n
hnh thnh li suy ngh tiu cc, li, rp khun. Li c kin cho rng algoric l mt
phng tin hiu qu HS gii tt cc bi tp ni ring v kin thc ha hc ni chung.
Quan im ca chng ti l bt k PPDH no cng c u khuyt im ring, do vy m
ngi GV phi tht s kho lo trong vic s dng n. Chnh s vn dng cc PPDH vo
thc t ca cc GV khc nhau th khng ging nhau lm nn phong cch ring ca
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GV m ngi khc khng th sao chp c. Phng php algogic cng khng phi l
phng php vn nng, nhng theo chng ti, GV c th s dng n cho mi i tng
HS c trnh khc nhau, c iu vi mi i tng th mc s dng, thi gian, thi
im s dng phi khc nhau, c nh vy mi pht huy ht tc dng ca phng php
algoric, hn ch c mt yu ca n. Mt khc, phng php algoric cn c phi hp
nhun nhuyn, bin chng vi cc PPDH khc mi c th to ra hiu qu thc s.
Tm li:
- Algoric dy hc c tc dng rt ln i vi vic ging dy mn ha hc cng nh tt
c mn hc khc trng ph thng. c bit, vi HS c hc lc trung bnh v yu th
dy theo algoric rt hiu qu:
+ Cung cp hng gii ng, trnh tnh trng m mm, khng c nh hng trc.
+ T mt bi tp hay mt v d ca GV, HS c th vn dng cho nhiu dng bi tng
t nhau.
+ Gip HS lm vic c h thng, bit cch s dng hnh nh trc quan lm cho bi
ton tr nn trong sng, d hiu, trnh nhm ln khi gii.
+ Gip HS bit khai thc, s dng d kin bi mt cch hp l.
- Algoric khng phi cng c vn nng, khng c p dng rp khun algoric vo mi
bi ton m b qua c im ring ca bi ton. Algoric d hay n u th cng khng
th p dng cho mi trng hp.
- Algoric dy hc bao gm cc thao tc c th, khoa hc, theo trnh t nht nh, h tr
HS t duy. Nhng bn thn n cng c tnh hai mt v s bc l nhc im nu nh
GV s dng khng ng.
1.3. PHNG PHP HC TCH CC

* Tch cc hc tp:
Tch cc trong hot ng hc tp l tch cc nhn thc, c trng kht vng hiu
bit, c gng tr tu v ngh lc cao trong qua trnh chim lnh tri thc.
Trong hc tp, HS phi khm ph ra nhng hiu bit mi i vi bn thn di s
t chc v hng dn ca GV.
n mt trnh nht nh, th s hc tp tch cc s mang tnh nghin cu khoa
hc cng c th khm ph ra nhng tri thc mi cho khoa hc.
Tnh tch cc trong hot ng hc tp lin quan trc ht n ng c hc tp.
ng c ng to ra hng th. Hng th l tin ca t gic. Hng th v t gic l hai
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yu t to nn tnh tch cc. Tnh tch cc to ra np t duy c lp, sng to. Ngc li,
hc tp tch cc c lp, sng to s pht trin tnh t gic, hng th, bi dng ng c
hc tp.
S hiu bit v cp ca tnh tch cc hc tp, mi lin quan gia ng c v
hng th trong hc tp c biu t trong s sau:
TCH CC HC TP
BIU HIN
-
Khao kht hc
Hay nu thc mc
Ch ng vn dng
Tp trung ch
Kin tr
CP
-
Bt chc
Tm ti
Sng to
NG C
HNG TH
T GIC
SNG TO
TCH CC
C LP
S 1.6: Mi lin h gia ng c v hng th trong hc tp
* Phng php hc tp tch cc

Th k XXI l th k i vo vn minh tr tu vi cc xu th r rng, nh s pht
trin ca cng ngh cao, c bit l cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng, kinh t tri thc,
x hi hc tp Con ngi mun tn ti, u phi hc, hc sut i, hc theo hng bn
tr ct ca gio dc (l hc bit, hc lm, hc cng sng vi nhau, hc lm
ngi). Vic hc nc ta ang c nhng chuyn ng mnh m, va phn nh s ph
hp vi trit l gio dc th k XXI, va ph hp vi mc tiu pht trin t nc. Khng
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phi t nhin m trong nhng nm gn y c rt nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v vic

hc, c nhiu cch tip cn khoa hc v vic hc. Cha c cch tip cn no hon ho
nht, nhng cc hc thuyt l gii v hc a dng c th gip ta hiu bit qu trnh hc
v t thit k qu trnh dy thch hp vi qu trnh hc. Nh gio lm ngh dy hc
ch l gip cho ngi hc hnh nn ngi.
V vy, ngh s phm c xc nh trc ht khng phi l hot ng dy m phi
bng cc hot ng hc ca ngi hc.
Bn lnh ca ngi GV biu hin nng lc va tp trung i su vo ni dung hc
va tp trung i su vo vic hc. T chuyn gia v dy hc, ngi GV phi tr thnh
chuyn gia v vic hc ca ngi hc. Trc tin, phi cng nhn rng thc hin dy v
hc tch cc khng c ngha l gt b cc PPDH truyn thng. Mun thc hin dy v
hc tch cc th cn pht trin phng pho thc hnh, phng php trc quan theo kiu
tm ti tng phn hoc nghin cu pht hin, nht l khi dy cc mn kkhoa hc thc
nghim, c bit i vi mn ha hc. V th, vi vai tr t chc, hng dn v iu
khin qu trnh hc tp ca HS, hn ai ht ngi GV phi tm mi bin php pht huy
cao nht tnh tch cc sng to ca ngi hc, gy c cm xc hng phn, khi dy
hng th hc tp ca cc em, th qu trnh dy hc s t kt qu cao.
* Cch hc c hiu qu
Ngy nay dy cch hc tr thnh mt trong nhng mc tiu o tao ch khng
cn ch l mt trong nhng gii php nng cao cht lng v hiu qu o to. Nng lc
hc tp ca con ngi phi c nng ln mnh m nh vo trc ht l ngi hc bit
cch hc v ngi dy bit dy cch hc, GV phi l thy dy vic hc, l chuyn gia
ca vic hc.
Ngay t khi cn i hc, HS phi t hc l chnh. Cch hc c hiu qu c th tm
tt bn ng t theo s sau:
Hc
Hi
Hiu
Hnh
S 1.7: Mi quan h gia hc-hi-hiu-hnh trong hc tp
- Hc: ct li l t hc, ngi hc phi bit t hi, t tr li v t nh gi.

- Hi: hc phi hi th mi hiu, hi hc. Hi, c th l t hi hoc hi ngi khc.
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Tm li hi hc nn cn phi hi v bit cch hi

- Hiu: hc th phi hiu, khng hiu th phi coi l cha hc. Nu hiu sai th
phi sa cch hiu, nu hiu ng th phi hiu su hn, hiu rng hn. Qu trnh hiu
pht trin t thp n cao, t nng n su, t hp n rng.
Qu trnh hiu qui nh qu trnh hc phi din ra nh th no t c yu cu
cn hiu.
+ Cn phn bit hiu v bit trong qu trnh hc tp.
+ Bit c th hiu mt phn m cng c th cha hiu. Hc khng dng li bit
m phi hiu, khi mi thc s l bit, ng thi cng thc s l hc.
Hiu l bit bn cht ca s vt, khi c th li cho ngi khc thm ch c th
ni theo cch ca mnh. C th t ra bit bng cch ni li, nhng thc ra vn khng hiu
l ni li da vo s nh my mc. Cch hc theo hng t hc l nhm phi hiu,
ch khng ghi nh.
- Hnh: hiu th phi hnh, hnh l mc ch ca t hc. Hc m khng hnh, th hc
vn l y, khng t c mc ch cui cng ca hc. Khi hnh s hiu thm, s
hc thm c nhiu. V vy ngi ta thng ni hc hnh ngha l hc i i vi hnh,
hc hnh v hnh hc.
Hc trc ht phi hiu, trn c s m hnh. Ly hiu lm im ta v hnh lm
im pht trin.
V vy, chng ta cn coi vic bi dng phng php t hc cho HS l mt vn
c tm quan trng chin lc, cn nng ln thnh quan im gio dc.
1.4. TNG QUAN V S T DUY V PHN MM MINDJET

MINDMANAGER PRO 7
1.4.1. S t duy ca Tony Buzan
1.4.1.1. Tc gi Tony Buzan
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Hnh 1.1: Tc gi Tony Buzan
Tony Buzan khng ch ni ting l mt tc gi, din gi hng u th gii v no b

v phng php hc, cha ca k thut Mindmap (cng c t duy a nng cho no), ng
cn c bit n l bin tp vin ca tp ch Mensa, t vn vin, c vn cho chnh ph
ca Anh, Singapore, Mexico, mt hun luyn vin ca Olympic, mt ng vin ti
nng, mt nh th nhn gii thng thi ca.
Tony Buzan sinh nm 1942 London, ng tng nhn bng danh d v tm l
hc, vn chng Anh, ton hc v nhiu mn khoa hc t nhin ca trng i hc
British Columbia nm 1964. ng l tc gi hng u ca th gii v no b.
Tony Buzan vit 92 u sch v c dch ra trn 30 th ting, vi hn 3 triu
bn, ti 125 quc gia trn th gii, trong c Vit Nam. Tony Buzan c bit n
nhiu nht qua cun Use your head. Trong , ng trnh by cch thc ghi nh t nhin
ca no b cng vi cc phng php Mind Map. Ngoi ra, ng cn c mt s cun sch
ni ting khc nh Use your memory, Mind Map Book.
Tony Buzan l mt nhn vt truyn thng ton cu, ng xut hin trn 100 gi
cc chng trnh truyn hnh, trn 1000 gi cc chng trnh truyn thanh trong nc
v trn th gii vi hn ba t khn gi.
Tony Buzan nghin cu chuyn su v b no, tr nh; tm ra quy lut khi xy dng
bn gm nhiu nhnh, gip b no ghi chp cc s kin mt cch h thng.
1.4.1.2. S t duy
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Hnh 1.2: S t duy ca tc gi Tony Buzan
* S t duy l g?
S t duy (Mindmap) l mt cng c t chc hot ng v pht trin nng lc t
duy. C th miu t s t duy nh mt k thut hnh ha, vi s kt hp gia t ng,
hnh nh, ng nt, mu sc ph hp, tng thch vi cu trc v chc nng ca b no.
y l phng php d nht truyn ti thng tin vo b no ri a ra ngoi b no.
N l phng tin ghi chp sng to v rt c hiu qu ng theo ngha ca n, sp
xp ngh ca bn .
gia s l mt tng hay hnh nh trung tm c pht trin bng cc nhnh
c trng cho nhng chnh. Cc nhnh chnh li c phn thnh nhng nhnh nh
hn nhm nghin cu ch mc su hn, m mt bn lit k cc tng thng
thng khng th lm c.
So vi cch thc ghi chp truyn thng, u in ca s t duy l xc nh c
chnh trung tm, c th ha c mi lin h tng h gia cc , nhn thy bc tranh
tng th ca vn , nh c hiu qu v nhanh hn, pht hin thm nhiu thng
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tin hn v nh d dng tm ra gii php sng to hn. y l phng php t duy mi

l v hin ang c ngy cng nhiu ngi trn th gii p dng.
* S t duy gip g cho bn?
Vi cch th hin gn nh c ch hot ng ca b no, s t s gip bn:
- Sng to hn.
- Ghi nh tt hn.
- Nhn thy bc tranh tng th.
- T chc v phn loi suy ngh.
- Tit kim thi gian.
- Pht trin tng ca bn thn.
S 1.8: ngha ca s t duy
Nhn thy bc tranh tng th, s hng bn n trng tm ca vn . Pht trin cc

tng ca mnh, sp xp k hoch cho bn thn, gip bn t chc v qun l cuc sng
tt hn.
* Cng dng ca s t duy
Khi thng tin c gi ra, s t duy gip t chc thng tin theo mt hnh thc
m d dng c xut hin v ghi nh. c s dng ghi ch tt c cc loi nh sch
v, bi dy hc, hc tp, hi hp, phng vn v m thoi.
- Gi nh (hi tng): bt c khi no thng tin c xut hin t trong b no, th s
t duy cho php cc tng c ghi li rt nhanh ngay khi n c sinh ra vo mt h
t chc. V th chng cn phi vit c mt cu. N nh mt phng tin nhanh v hiu
qu trong vic tng qut v v th c th gi li cc hi tng rt nhanh gn.
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- Sng to: bt c khi no bn mun khuyn khch s sng to, s t duy s gip bn
gii phng cch suy din c in theo phng thc ghi chp s kin theo dng, cho php
cc tng mi c hnh thnh nhanh chng theo lung t duy xut hin.
- Gii quyt vn : khi bn gp tr ngi vi mt vn , s t duy c th gip bn
nhn nhn tt c cc vn v lm th no lin kt chng li vi nhau. N cng gip
bn c c ci nhn tng qut l bn c th nhn nhn vn di nhng gc no v
s quan trng ca n.
- Lp k hoch: khi bn cn lp k hoch, s t duy gip bn c c tt c cc
thng tin lin quan vo mt ni v t chc n mt cch tht n gin. Tt c cc loi k
hoch t vic vit mt bc th cho n mt kch bn, mt cun sch hoc lp k hoch
cho cuc hp, mt ngy ngh.
- Thuyt trnh (trnh din): khi ni ta lun chun b tt mt s t duy v mt ch
v cch din t. N khng ch gip ta t chc cc kin hp l, d hiu m cn gip
chng ta trnh by m khng cn phi nhn vo bin bn c sn.
1.4.1.3. Hng dn to s t duy
- Bt u t trung tm vi hnh nh ca ch . Ti sao phi dng hnh nh? V mt
hnh nh c th din t c c ngn t v gip bn s dng tr tng tng ca mnh.
Mt hnh nh trung tm s gip chng ta tp trung c vo ch v lm cho chng
ta hng phn hn.
- Lun s dng mu sc. Bi v mu sc cng c tc dng kch thch tr no nh hnh
nh.
- Ni cc nhnh chnh (cp mt) n hnh nh trung tm, ni cc hnh cp hai n cc
nhnh cp mt, ni cc nhnh cp ba n cc nhnh cp hai, bng cc ng k. Cc
ng k cng gn hnh nh trung tm th cng c t m hn, dy hn. Khi chng
ta ni cc ng vi nhau, ban s hiu v nh nhiu th hn rt nhiu do b no ca
chng ta lm vic bng s lin tng.
- Mi t, nh, nn ng c lp v c nm trn mt ng k.
- To ra mt kiu s cho ring mnh (Kiu ng k, mu sc,)
- Nn dng cc ng k cong thay v cc ng thng v cc ng cong c t chc
r rng s thu ht c s ch ca mt hn rt nhiu.
- B tr thng tin u quanh hnh nh trung tm.
* S t duy trn my tnh
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- MindManager phn mm ny c s dng kh nhiu Vit Nam. MindManager

ch chy c trn h iu hnh Microsoft Windows.
- FreeMind Phn mm ngun m, chy trn h iu hnh Windows, Mac v Linux.
Hin nay nhm m ngun m ca HueCIT nghin cu v vit ti liu hng dn s
dng.
- Mt s phn mm khc: ConceptDraw MINDMAP, Visual Mind, Axon Idea
Processor, Inspiration,
1.4.2. Gii thiu phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7
1.4.2.1. Gii thiu chung
Phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 l sn phm ly tng t s t duy ni
ting ca Tony Buzan c nng cp t Mindmapping. Luyn tp vi chng trnh ny,
ngi s dng s hnh thnh cch ghi chp v suy ngh tng th cng nh chi tit, nng
cao sc mnh t duy, to ra nhng t ph trong suy ngh gip b no ghi chp cc s
kin mt cch h thng.
Vic ghi chp thng thng theo tng hng, tng ch khin chng ta kh hnh dung
tng th vn , dn n hin tng c xt , nhm . Cn s t duy tp trung rn
luyn cch xc nh ch r rng, sau pht trin chnh, ph mt cch logic, gip
sp xp cng vic mt cch thng minh, sng to v bt tn thi gian hn bng cch theo
di nhm cng vic, t chc v truyn thng tin mt cch c hiu qu. Phn mm
Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 ngoi vic h tr cho vic lp k hoch hc tp ca sinh
vin, hc sinh, th n cn h tr rt tt cho vic bin son, thit k gio n ca gio vin.
Chng trnh khng nhng c th gip y nhanh tin trnh m cn c th kt ni
vi nhiu ngun d liu, trong bao gm cc ng dng sn xut v gii php kinh
doanh nh: Microsoft Ofice (Excel, Word, PowerPoint). Ngoi ra MindManager maps
cho php h tr xut ra nhiu nh dng, t cc nh dng thng dng n PDF, Doc,
HTML, TXT, XML n nh dng ring ca chng trnh (.m.maps).
Phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 dc s dng kh nhiu ti Vit Nam.
Mindjet MindManager tng thch mi Windows.
S dng s t duy thng qua phn mm Mindjet thit k bi dy hc s gp
phn nng cao cht lng dy hc ha hc ca gio vin, trng trung hc ph thng.
1.4.2.2. Hng dn ci t phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7
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Phn mm c cp nht thng xuyn trn internet, d dng tm thy vi Google,

hoc
trn
trang
web
nh:
www.mindjet.com.vn
hay
ftp://ftp.mindjet.com/download,MN70-E-429_Pro.exe download v s dng (dung

lng khong 77 megabyte)
* Crack: http://www.mediafire.com/?jlnvbj93ndc
ci t phn mm Mindjet vo my vi tnh phi thc hin cc bc sau y:
Bc 1: M th mc Mindjet, double click vo tp tin MM70-E-429_Pro.
Bc 2: Ca s Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 InstallShield Wizard xut hin, chn

Next.
Chng trnh chy.
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Bc 3: Trong ca s Select Country, chn Next.
Bc 4: chn mc I agree to the terms in the licesne agreement , tip tc chn

Next
Bc 5: Trong ca s Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 InstallShield Wizard, nhp s

Serial vo cc License Key. Sau chn Next.
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Bc 6: Trang ca s Setup Type, chn Next.
Bc 7: Trong ca s Ready to Install the Progame, chn Next.
Bc 8: Chn Finish
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in thng tin vo hp thoi sau, sau chn Register Later. Nh vy l hon tt

vic ci t.
Sau khi chn Finish, mn hnh my tnh s xut hin biu tng ca phn mm
Mindjet. Double Click vo biu tng s dng phn mm.
Trong hp thoi xut hin sau khi khi ng chng trnh ln u tin, bn nhn
nt Close ng hp thoi ny li.
* Khi ng Mindjet
D Click vo Shortcut.
Start All progames - Mindjet MindManager Pro 7

D Click vo file.mmap
1.4.2.3. Giao din ca chng trnh
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Cc Menu lnh trn Ribbon: Home, Insert, Rewiew, View, Tool. Chc nng tng
t nh trong Office
1.4.2.3.1. Home
Bao gm cc nt lnh thng s dng
1. Cc thao tc ct, dn,

2. To quan h gia cc nhnh.
3. Lit k cc biu tng.
4. Lin kt vi cc trang wed, a ch email, cc file khc,

Chn lin kt lm tng tnh uyn chuyn trong qu trnh to mt bn .
mc Link to chn Existing File or Wed Page nu mun to lin kt m tp tin

khc, hay mt trang wed no .
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Chn Topic in this Map nu mun to lin kt n cc nhnh khc trong s t

duy ang to.
5. Vit ghi ch.

6. Lin kt vi cc file t bn ngoi.
7. nh dng vn bng.
1.4.2.3.2. Insert (chn)
1. To Bookmark.
2. Lp bng.
3. Ch thch cc thuc tnh v gi tr.
4. Nhc nh.
5. Lin kt vi Excel.
6. Lin kt vi Microsoft Outlook.
1.4.2.3.3. Format (nh dng)
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1. Chn dng khung Topic.
2. Chn cc dng biu
3. Chn kiu ng ni gia cc nhnh.
4. Thay i khong cch gia cc nhnh cng cp hay gia nhnh chnh v nhnh con
1.4.2.3.4. Review (sa li thay th vn bn)

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1. Kim tra chnh t.

2. To ch thch, dn gii
3. Gi file
1.4.2.3.5. View (cc ch hin th
2 3 4
1. S dng nhnh.
2. S dng thu nh hnh nh.
3. S dng chi tit.
4. S dng phng to c mn hnh.
5. Cn i, iu chnh s .
6. Thay i kch thc s .
1.4.2.3.6. Tools (cc thanh cng c)
1. Chn s c sn
2. Chn s theo loi.
3. Chn biu tng chn.
4. Lin kt vi Macros.
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5. Quy nh thi gian.

6. Tr gip.
7. Thng tin v Mindjet.
Nt lnh MindManager Button

Ngoi mt s lnh c bn nh: Save, Undo, Redo, Open, Print, MindManager cn
c mt s nt lnh sau:
New: To mi mt s .
Default Map: To mi mt s sang mc nh.
From Styles and Templates: To theo mt kiu mu c sn hoc gi bng lnh Ctrl +
N.
From Existing Map: To theo mt mu tp tin c sn trong th mc cha tp:
mmap, xmmap, htlm,
* Cc kiu s t duy theo mu t nt lnh From Style and Templates:
Import: a cc i tng vo tp tin hin hnh. Nhp file nh dng (Word, MPX,
Outlook,) vo trong Mindjet.
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Export: Xut s t duy ra nhng nh dng sau (PDF, MPX, PowerPoint, Word,)
Kt lun:
Do c nhiu tnh nng vt tri nn phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 rt hu
ch v tin li cho vic thit k gio n ca gio vin, nhm phc v tt hn cho cng
vic dy hc.
1.4.2.4. Hng dn cch to s t duy bng phn mm Mindjet
Bc 1: M chng trnh, nhn new to s mi.
Nhp tn ch vo Central Topic, g ch ta Click thng vo Central Topic

ri nhp tn ch . Click ra ngoi hoc n phm Enter hon tt vic nhp vn bn.
Bc 2: To v nh dng s t duy gm Central Topic, Main Topic, cc
Subtopic.
T ni dung chnh i vo cc ni dung chi tit bng cch to nhng nhnh con.
* To nhng nhnh con:
- n phm Enter hoc R-Click chn Insert/Topic to nhnh con cng cp vi con tr
chut ang ng.
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- Ti Main Topic chn Insert/Subtopic hoc R-Click chn Insert/Subtopic to nhnh

con gip trin khai k hoch chi tit hn.
* Thao tc vi cc Topic
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D-Click trn text ca Topic thm vn bn, nh dng vn bn, Color, Size,
Fonts dng thanh Formating
nh dng cho Topic: R-Click vo Topic chn Format Topic hoc D-Click vo
Topic. Khi s xut hin hp thoi Format Topic.
Trn menu ny ta c th chn Image, Icon, hoc nh km file.
Bc 3: Chn kiu ph hp vi s ng ln kt
Vo Format Growth Direction.
Bc 4: Lu xut ti liu v trnh din
- Lu ti liu: Click Mindmanager Button/Save hoc nhn t hp phm
Ctrl + S
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- Trnh chiu: M s dng Full Screen vo View chn Presentation Mode.
M s dng Full Screen
TM TT CHNG 1
Ni dung c bn ca chng gm:
Phn 1: Trnh by v cc phng php dy hc.
Phn 2: Trnh by v cc phng php dy hc tch cc.
Phn 3: Trnh by v phng php hc tch cc.
Phn 4: Tng quan v s t duy v phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7.
Qua thc trng v tnh hnh s dng phng php dy hc ha hc, s pht trin ca
x hi v vic i mi chng trnh sch gio khoa, chng ta thy c rng vic i
mi phng php dy hc nng cao cht lng dy v hc ha hc l rt cn thit. V
vy vic thit k bi dy hc ha hc trn s t duy c th p ng c yu cu .
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CHNG 2
THIT K BI DY HA HC LP 11 BAN C BN THEO S
T DUY CA TONY BUZAN
2.1. THIT K HOT NG DY HC THEO S T DUY
Hnh 2.1: Thit k mu hot ng dy hc ha hc theo s t duy
* Bc 1: Xc nh phng php dy hc ch yu cho tng trng tm ca bi.

Vic la chn phng php dy hc sao cho thch hp vi ni dung kin thc, gip
HS t hc mc cao nht tm ti pht hin kin thc mi, ng thi phng php dy
hc ph hp vi tng i tng HS cc a phng khc nhau.
Vic la chn phng php cn c vo mc tiu c th, c im ca mi phng
php v s phi hp gia chng.
* Bc 2: Thit k cc hot ng ca tit ln lp
thit k cc hot ng ca tit ln lp mt cch hp l v logic nhm t c cc
mc tiu, trng tm t ra cn:
- Tm hiu ni dung lm r trng tm kin thc n mt su hp l.
- Hnh thnh tng.
Xc nh nhng ni dung ch yu.
- Khi nim:
+ Cc yu t, tnh hung.
+ Cc chng c, cc s kin, th nghim.
Xc nh quan im, nguyn tc, l lun dy hc.
Thit k cc hot ng c th bao gm:
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- Mc tiu ca hot ng.

- iu kin, phng tin.
- Cch t chc thc hin.
Nh vy mt bi hc c th chia ra mt s hot ng nht nh ni tip nhau. Mi hot
ng nhm thc hin mc tiu bi hc c th ca bi hc. Trong mi hot ng c th
gm cc hot ng c bn khc nhau thc hin mc tiu t ra. Cc hot ng ny
c sp xp theo th t v logic hp l v d kin thi gian c th.
Hot ng ca GV v HS trong mt tit hc c chia theo qu trnh ca tit hc c
c th c phn thnh:
- Hot ng khi ng: hot ng ny c th l: m u c nu mc tiu ca tit hc,
kim tra bi c nu vn ca bi mi
- Tip hot ng khi ng l cc hot ng nhm t c mc tiu ca bi hc v
kin thc, k nng bao gm: hot ng chim lnh kin thc mi, hot ng cng c,
hot ng hnh thnh k nng.
* Bc 3: Cui cng l hot ng kt thc tit hc, bao gm:
Hot ng khi qut ha, tng qut ha ni dung kin thc t c.
Hot ng nh gi.
Nu bi tp HS t nh gi v vn dng kin thc. Cu hi v bi tp HS t
nh gi v vn dng kin thc sau mi tit hc cn m bo mt s yu cu sau:
- Bm st vi mc tiu dy hc v xc nh ng kin thc trng tm.
- m bo kim tra, nh gi c nhng kin thc v k nng ca tit hc.
- Kim tra c nhiu HS.
- m bo thi gian.
Dn d HS chun b cho bi sau: nu r ni dung v yu cu c th.
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2.2. TRNH CHIU BI DY HC IN T KHI DY HC HA HC

THEO S T DUY
* Dng bi dy hc theo s t duy thu gn
Ni dung
chnh ca
phn I s
hin ra(nhp
tri chut)
Hnh 2.2: Bi dy hc thu gn c thit k theo s t duy. Bi 25: Ankan
Bi dy hc thit k trn phn mm Mindjet rt tin ch khi trnh chiu di dng bi

dy hc in t, chng ta c th trnh chiu trc tip bi dy hc m khng cn phi
chuyn sang dng Power Point, c th dng m rng hoc thu hp kch thc s
th duy thnh dng thu gn hoc khai trin, thm ch ta c th chuyn i bi dy hc
theo s t duy dng chi tit t file m.maps ca Mindjet sang file nh dng word mt
cch nhanh chng.
* Dng bi dy hc theo s t duy khai trin

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Khi cn hin th ni dung kin thc phn I. NG NG, NG PHN, DANH PHP
Hin th
ni dung
kin thc
Note
Hnh 2.3: Bi dy hc dng khai trin c thit k theo s t duy. Bi 25: Ankan
Hoc nhp tri chut n biu tng note
Hin th
ni dung
kin thc
Note
Hnh 2.4: Bi dy hc dng khai trin c thit k theo s t duy. Bi 25: Ankan
* Dng bi dy hc theo s t duy c xut ra di dng chi tit:

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Bi 25: ANKAN
I NG NG, NG PHN, DANH PHP
1. Dy ng ng ca ankan
HS: Nu bit cht u tin ca dy ankan l CH4, hy lp cng thc ng ng ca cc
cht ng ng tip theo. Suy ra cng thc chung ca dy ng ng. Quan st m hnh
phn t ca C4H10 rt ra nhn xt.
- Metan ( CH4) v cc cht tip c cng thc phn t C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12, C6H14,...,
lp thnh dy ng ng ankan (hay parefin)
- Cng thc chung: CnH2n+2 (n 1)
- Trong phn t ankan, mi nguyn t C to c 4 lin kt n hng t nguyn t C ra
4 nh ca 1 t din u; cc nguyn t C khng cng nm trn 1 ng thng (tr
C2H6).
2. ng phn
HS: Vit tt c cc CTCT c th c ca 3 cht u trong dy ng ng v cht c
CTPT C4H10, C5H12. Rt ra nhn xt.
Cc cng thc cu to ca:
* metan: CH4
* C2H6 : CH3 - CH3
* C3H8 : CH3 - CH2 - CH3
==> Nhn xt: Ba cht u tin ca dy ng ng, mi cht ch c mt CTCT.
* C4H10 : CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
CH3 CH CH3
CH3
* C5H12 :
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH3

CH2
CH3
CH3
C CH3
CH3
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==> Nhn xt: Trong dy ng ng ca ankan, t C4 tr i xut hin ng phn v mch

cacbon.
3. Danh php
GV: Hng dn HS gi tn ankan theo danh php thay th.(mch thng, mch nhnh),
gii thiu v bc ca nguyn t cacbon.
- Ankan mch thng khng phn nhnh t C1 n C10 c gi tn theo bng 5.1 SGK
- Khi ly i mt nguyn t H khi phn t ankan, ta c gc ankyl.
* Cch gi tn gc ankyl:
Tn gc ankyl = tn ankan thay th vn an thanh vn yl
* Cch gi tn ankan c mch phn nhnh:
Tn ankan = s ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch chnh + an
Trong :
+ Mch chnh l mch cacbon di nht, c nhiu nhnh nht.
+ nh s cc nguyn t cacbon thuc mch chnh bt u t pha gn nhnh hn.
+ Gi tn mch nhnh (tn nhm ankyl) theo th t vn ch ci. S ch v tr nhnh no
t ngay trc gch ni vi tn nhnh .
V d:
1
CH3
2
3
CH CH3
CH3
1
2
3
CH3 C CH3
CH3
CH3
2-metylpropan
5
CH3
4
CH2
3
CH
2,2-dimetylpropan
2
CH
1
CH3
2
CH
3
CH
4
CH3
CH3 CH3
2,3-dimetylbutan
1
CH3
CH2 CH3
CH3
3-etyl-2-metylpentan
* Bc cacbon: bc ca nguyn t C trong phn t ankan c tnh bng s lin kt ca

n vi cc nguyn t C khc.
II TNH CHT VT L
Trang 46
Lun vn tt nghip
HS: - iu kin thng ankan c trng thi nh th no.

- Nhn vo bng 5.1 SGK rt ra nhn xt v nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi
lng ring, tnh tan theo chiu tng khi lng nguyn t.
- Trng thi: iu kin thng, cc ankan t C1 n C4 trng thi kh, t C5 n
khong C18 trng thi lng, t khong C19 tr i trng thi rn.
- Nhit nng chy, nhit si: ni chung tng theo s nguyn t C trong phn t tc
l tng theo phn t khi.
- Khi lng ring: tng theo s nguyn t C trong phn t nhng nh hn khi lng
ring ca nc; ankan nh hn nc.
- Tnh tan: Khng tan trong nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
III TNH CHT HA HC
HS: Nhn xt chung v c im cu to v tnh cht ha hc ca ankan.
Ankan tng i tr v mt ha hc, nhit thng ankan khng phn ng vi axit,
baz, cht oxi ha mnh (KMnO4).
Khi chiu sng hoc ung nng d dng tham gia phn ng th, tch hidro v phn ng
chy.
1. Phn ng th bi halogen (halogen ha)
HS: Nhc li khi nim v phn ng th. Vit phng trnh phn ng th ca metan,
C3H8 (t l 1:1).
Phng trnh phn ng th ca metan:
CH4 + Cl2
as
CH3Cl + HCl
clometan (metyl clorua)
CH3Cl + Cl2
as
CH2Cl2 + HCl
iclometan (metylen clorua)
CH2Cl2 + Cl2
as
CHCl3 + HCl
triclometan (clorofom)
CHCl3 + Cl2
as
CCl4 + HCl
Trang 47
Lun vn tt nghip
tetraclometan
(cacbon tetraclorua)
Cc ng ng ca metan cng tham gia phn ng th tng t

V d: phng trnh phn ng th ca C3H8 (t l 1:1)
CH3 CH2 CH3 + Cl2
CH3
as
CH2
CH2
Cl
+ HCl
1-clopropan (43%)
25oC
CH3 CH CH3
+ HCl
Cl
2-clopropan (57%)
==> Nhn xt: nguyn t H lin kt vi nguyn t C bc cao hn d b th hn nguyn t

H lin kt vi nguyn t C bc thp hn.
- Cc sn phm th c gi l n xut halogen ca hirocacbon.
2. Phn ng tch
GV: Hng dn HS vit cc phn ng tch.
Di tc dng ca nhit v cht xc tc thch hp, cc ankan khng nhng b tch H
to thnh hidrocacbon khng no m cn b b gy cc lin kt C - C to thnh cc phn t
nh hn.
V d:
o
CH3
CH3
500 C, xt
CH2
CH2 + H2
CH4 + C3H6
o
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
t , xt
C2H4 + C2H6
C4H8 + H2
3. Phn ng oxi ha
HS: Vit pt phn ng t chy ankan dng tng qut.
Khi b t, cc ankan u chy v ta nhiu nhit:
CnH2n+2
3n+1
O2
2
to
nCO2 + (n+1) H2O
* Nhn xt: s mol H2O > s mol CO2
Trang 48
Lun vn tt nghip
* Lu : Phn ng chy l phn ng oxi ha hon ton. Khi thiu oxi, phn ng chy ca
ankan xy ra khng hon ton v sn phm phn ng cn c th c nhiu cht khc nh:
CO, C,...
IV - IU CH
1. Trong phng th nghim
HS: Tham kho SGK cho bit metan c iu ch trong phng th nghim bng cch
no.
Trong phng th nghim metan c iu ch bng cch un nng natri axetat khan vi
hn hp vi ti xt.
Phng trnh:
o
CH3COONa + NaOH
CaO, t
CH4
+ Na2CO3
2. Trong cng nghip

GV: Gii thiu cch iu ch ankan trong cng nghip.
Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch ankan bng cch:
- Chng ct phn on du m thu c cc ankan cc phn on khc nhau.
- T kh thin nhin v kh du m cng thu c cc ankan CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10,...
V - NG DNG
HS: Nghin cu SGK rt ra ng dng c bn ca ankan.
Cc ankan c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau: lm nhin liu, nguyn liu trong
cng nghip. (nhin liu cho ng c, dung mi, cht bi trn, cht t, nn thp, giy
du,...)
VI CNG C V BI TP P DNG
1. HS: Tho lun nhm hon thnh phiu hc tp
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Hp cht: CH3 CH2 C(CH3)2 CH3 c tn gi l
A. 3,3-dimetylbutan
Trang 49
Lun vn tt nghip
B. 2,2-dimetylbutan
C. 2-metylpentan
D. hexan
Cu 2: Tn ca hp cht: CH3 CH(CH3) CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 l
A. iso hexan
B. 2,3-dimetylpentan
C. 2,3-dimetylhexan
D. 2-metyl-3-etyl butan
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 26,4g xng (gi s gm C7H16 v C8H18) phi dng
ht 64,96 lt oxi (ktc). Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng
mi ankan tng ng.
2. HS: Lm cc bi tp p dng 2-7 SGK trang 115, 116
2.3. MT S IM CN LU KHI THIT K BI DY HC THEO

S T DUY
- Trong bi dy hc nht thit phi xc nh r trng tm ni dung kin thc cn t,
cch thc v cc hot ng t c iu .
- Bi dy hc thit k theo s t duy khng nht thit phi c nm bc ln lp c
nh nh trc y, v cc bc ln lp c th thc hin linh hot ty thuc vo i
tng HS, ni dung bi hc v PPDH ca GV.
- Khng nht thit phi c kim tra bi c u gi hc, cng c cui gi hc m cn
phi linh hot i vi tng bi: c th kim tra bi c trc khi cp mt kin thc mi,
c th cng c kin thc mi va hc ngay sau mi phn ca bi hc bng bi tp vn
dng hoc phiu hc tp cho im nh gi
- Trong bi dy hc khng nht thit phi ghi r cc hot ng c th ca GV, cch
thc hng dn HS nghin cu, m ch cn ghi hot ng chnh hay ch yu tip cn
kin thc mi, ty thuc vo tnh hnh thc t ca lp hc m GV c th vn dng PPDH
sao cho thch hp.
Trang 50
Lun vn tt nghip
- Khng ghi c th hot ng vo ca mi phn trong bi hc m GV phi chun

b cc tnh hung t vn , nu vn sao cho ph hp vi mc tiu v ni dung dy
hc mt cch linh hot, sng to.
- S dng tht hp l v c h thng cc phng php dy hc tch cc.
- Cn phi xy dng h thng cu hi tht hon chnh, a dng v c tnh cht rn
luyn k nng pht hin ra vn v tm cch gii quyt vn trong tnh hung mi i
vi HS.
- Vic thit k bi dy hc khng nht thit phi c khun mu v hnh thc, GV c
th la chn s t duy ph hp trong th mc Map Templates hoc Map Styles.
* u im
Vn dng Mindjet thit k s t duy trong dy hc ha hc c nhiu u im vi
tnh nng vt tri v tnh cht c trng sau y:
- Tnh sng to: bi dy hc son theo s t duy mang mu sc ring ca tng GV
v n cho php mi GV c th la chn s t duy ph hp vi tng ca ring mnh,
trnh c tnh trng sao chp bi dy hc ph bin nh hin nay.
- Tnh mm do: bi dy hc c th thay i, chnh sa ni dung, phng php dy
hc, phng tin dy hc khi cn thit.
- Tnh a dng: phn mm c rt nhiu s t duy c nh sn gip cho GV c
th la chn ty theo mu ring cho mnh, ng thi GV c th to ra s t duy
ring m khng cn theo mu nh sn.
- Tnh h thng: c th sp xp tng theo trnh t chnh v ph mt cch logic.
- Tnh c th: c th nh dng xut file di dng Word, PDF, Power Point,
Exel
- Tit kim thi gian son bi dy hc.
Tm li: La chn vn dng s t duy vo dy hc ha hc rt ph hp vi iu
kin c s vt cht hin nay cc trng THPT, p ng c ch trng tin hc ha
nh trng ph thng ca B Gio dc v o to.
* Hn ch
- Yu cu GV phi c my tnh, bit s dng my tnh v ci t chng trnh Mindjet
MindManager Pro 7.
2.4. MT S BI DY HC LP 11 BAN C BN C THIT K

TRN S T DUY
Trang 51
Lun vn tt nghip
2.4.1. Bi dy hc theo s t duy
Trang 52
Lun vn tt nghip
2.4.2. Bi dy hc theo s t duy chi tit dng word c xut ra t

Mindjet MindManager Pro 7
Trang 53
Lun vn tt nghip
BI 39: DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIDROCACBON

I KHI NIM PHN LOI
1. Khi nim
HS: Nghin cu SGK, nu nh ngha dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon.
- Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t H trong phn t hidrocacbon bng cc nguyn t
halogen ta c dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon.
2.Phn loi
HS: Tho lun nhm a ra c s phn loi dn xut halogen.
- Dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon no: CH3 Cl ; CH2Cl2
- Dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon khng no: CH2 = CH Br
- Dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon thm: C6H5 Br
- Bc ca dn xut halogen bng bc ca nguyn t C lin kt vi nguyn t halogen.
V d:
* Bc 1:
CH3
CH2
Cl
* Bc 2:
CH3
CH Cl
CH3
* Bc 3:
CH3
CH3
Cl
CH3
3.Danh php
GV: Hng dn HS gi tn dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon.
Tn dn xut halogen = Tn gc hidrocacbon + halogenua
Trang 54
Lun vn tt nghip
V d:
CH3Cl
metylclorua (monoclo metan)
CH2 = CHF
vinylflorua (clo eten)
CH2 = CH CH2Cl
C6H5Br
alylclorua (3-clo propen)

phenylbromua (brom benzen)
II TNH CHT VT L
HS: Nghin cu SGK nhn nh v tnh cht vt l ca dn xut halogen ca
hidrocacbon.
- iu kin thng: mt s cht c phn t khi nh ( CH3-Cl ; CH3-F) trng thi kh.
Cc dn xut cn li c phn t khi ln hn c th trng thi lng hoc rn.
- Dn xut halogen hu nh khng tan trong nc, ch tan c trong dung mi hu c
nh: hidrocacbon, ete...
III TNH CHT HA HC
1.Phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm - OH
GV: Gii thiu phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm OH
Vi dung dch kim long:
R - X + NaOH ROH + NaX
V d:
C2H5Br + NaOH C2H5OH + NaBr
CH2 = CH CH2 Br + KOH CH2 = CH CH2 OH + KCl
Cl CH2 CH2 Cl + 2NaOH OH CH2 CH2 OH + 2NaCl
2.Phn ng tch hidro halogenua
GV: Gii thiu phn ng tch hidro halogenua.
CH3
CH2
Br + KOH
C2H5OH
o
CH2
CH2 + KBr
Trang 55
Lun vn tt nghip
CH3
CH CH2
CH3 + KOH
CH3
CH CH CH3 (1) + KBr
CH2
CH CH2
C2H5OH
o
Br
CH3 (2) + KBr
(1) Sn phm chnh

(2) Sn phm ph
* Quy tc Zaixep:
Khi tch HX khi dn xut halogen, nguyn t halogen (X) u tin tch ra cng vi
nguyn t hidro H ca cacbon bc cao hn to thnh sn phm chnh.
IV IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
HS: Tham kho SGK tm ra phng php iu ch dn xut halogen ca
hidrocacbon. Ly th d minh ha?
a. T ancol tng ng:

R OH
+ HX R X
+ H2 O
b. T hidrocacbon no tng ng:

CnH2n+2 + X2
as
CnH2n+1X + HX
c.T hidrocacbon khng no tng ng:

CnH2n + HX CnH2n + 1-X
CnH2n + X2
CnH2nX2
d. T hidrocacbon thm tng ng:

CnH2n-6 + X2
as
CnH2n-7X + HX
2.ng dng
HS: Tham kho SGK v ng dng quan trng ca dn xut halogen.
Trang 56
Lun vn tt nghip
a. Lm nguyn liu tng hp hu c

b. Lm dung mi hu c
c. Cc lnh vc quan trng khc: nng nghip, y t...
V. CNG C V BI TP P DNG
1.HS: Tho lun nhm tr li cu hi trong phiu hc tp.
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Vit ng phn v gi tn cc dn xut hidrocacbon c cng thc phn t
C2H2Br2.
Cu 2: Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc dn xut sau y t cc cht hu c
tng ng: CH2Cl2 ; CH2Cl CHCl CH2 Cl ; CH2 = CH Br ; C6H5 CH2 Br
2.HS: Gii bi tp 1 - 6 trong SGK trang 177.
BI 40: ANCOL
I NH NGHA, PHN LOI
1. nh ngha
GV: Nu nh ngha ancol.
- Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm hydroxyl -OH lin kt trc tip
vi nguyn t cacbon no ca gc hidrocacbon.
V d: C2H5OH, CH3 CH(CH3) OH, CH2 = CH CH2OH, CH3 C(CH3)2 OH.
2. Phn loi
GV: Gii thiu bc cacbon v phn loi ancol.
a. Theo bc cacbon
Bc ca ancol bng bc ca nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi nhm OH.
- Ancol bc I: CH3 CH2 OH
- Ancol bc II: (CH3)2CH OH
- Ancol bc III: (CH3)3C OH
b. Theo gc hidrocacbon
- Ancol no n chc mch h:
V d: CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH.
Cng thc tng qut: CnH2n+1OH ; CmH2m+2O .
Trang 57
Lun vn tt nghip
- Ancol khng no n chc mch h:

V d: CH2 = CH CH2 OH
- Ancol thm n chc:
V d:
CH2
OH
(ancol benzylic)
- Ancol vng no n chc:

V d:
OH
(xiclohexanol)
c. Theo s nhm chc -OH

- Ancol n chc: phn t ch cha mt nhm OH , R-OH
- Ancol a chc: phn t c th cha hai hay nhiu nhm chc OH, R(OH)n
V d:
CH2
CH2 (etylen glicol)
CH2
CH CH2 (glyxerol)
OH
OH
OH
OH OH
II NG PHN, DANH PHP

1. ng phn
GV: Ancol mch h no, n chc c ba loi ng phn.
a. ng phn mch cacbon
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
CH3 CH CH2 OH
CH3
b. ng phn v tr nhm chc -OH

CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
CH3 CH CH3
OH
c. ng phn cu to
-Ancol:
Trang 58
Lun vn tt nghip
CH3 CH2 OH
- Ete:
CH3 O CH3
2. Danh php
GV: Gii thiu tn thng thng v tn h thng ca ancol.
a. Tn thng thng
Tn ancol = ancol + tn gc ankyl + ic
V d:
CH3 CH2 OH
ancol etylic
(CH3)2CH OH
ancol isopropylic
CH2 = CH CH2OH
ancol alylic
C6H5CH2OH
ancol benzylic
b. Tn h thng
Tn ancol =
S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch chnh + s ch v tr nhm OH + ol.
- Mch chnh ca phn t ancol l mch cacbon di nht lin kt vi nhm OH.
- nh s th t nguyn t cacbon mch chnh bt u t pha gn nhm OH hn.
V d:
CH3 OH
(metanol)
CH3 CH2 OH
(etanol)
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH

3
(propan-1-ol)
CH3 CH CH2 OH
(2-metylpropan-1-ol)
CH3
III TNH CHT VT L

HS: Tham kho bng 8.2 SGK nhn xt trng thi vt l, nhit si v tnh tan ca
ancol.
- iu kin thng: cc ancol c th l cht lng hoc rn. Nhit si, khi lng
ring ca ancol tng v tnh tan trong nc gim theo chiu tng ca phn t khi.
Trang 59
Lun vn tt nghip
GV: Gii thch nhit si v tnh tan ca ancol bng s to thnh lin kt hidro.
- Nhit si ca ancol ln hn hidrocacbon c cng phn t khi hoc ng phn ete l
do gia cc phn t ancol c lin kt hidro (k hiu bng ...):
... O H ... O H ... O H
R
R
R
- S d ancol tan nhiu trong nc l do cc phn t ancol v cc phn t nc to c

lin kt hidro, trong khi cc hidrocacbon v ete khng c kh nng ny:
... O H ... O H ... O H ... O H
H
R
H
R
- Trong dy ng ng ancol no n chc, nhit si tng dn v tnh tan gim dn

theo chiu di mch cacbon.
IV TNH CHT HA HC
GV: Gii thch cu to ancol dn n tnh cht ha hc c trng.
Cu to:
RCOH
Trung tm xy ra phn ng: l s ct t lin kt n O H v C O.

1. Phn ng th H ca nhm -OH (tnh axit yu ca ancol)
a. Tnh cht chung ca ancol
HS: Quan st th nghim hnh 8.3 SGK rt ra kt lun v tnh cht ca ancol.
Tc dng vi kim loi kim to mui v gii phng kh hidro.
2Na + 2C2H5OH
2C2H5ONa
6Na + 2C3H5(OH)3 2C3H5(ONa)3
H2
+ 3H2
* Kt lun
- Ancol tc dng vi kim loi kim to ra mui ancolat v gii phng hidro.
2R OH + 2Na 2RO Na + H2
- Ancol hu nh khng phn ng vi NaOH m ngc li Natri ancolat b thy phn
hon hon ton.
C2H5ONa + H OH C2H5OH + NaOH
RO Na + H OH ROH + NaOH
y cn gi l phn ng ti to ancol.
b. Tnh cht c trng ca glixerol (tnh cht ca ancol a chc)
HS: Quan st th nghim hnh 8.4 SGK rt ra kt lun v tnh cht ca glixerol.
- Phn ng xy ra trong th nghim:
Trang 60
Lun vn tt nghip
CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2O
[C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu
ng(II) glixerat (dung dch mu xanh lam)
y l phn ng c trng dng nhn bit ancol a chc c cha hai nhm -OH k
nhau trong phn t.
2. Phn ng th nhm -OH
GV: Gii thiu phn ng th nhm -OH ca ancol.
a. Tc dng vi axit HX
- To dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon.
R OH + HX R X + H2O
C2H5OH + HBr C2H5O Br + H2O
b. Tc dng vi ancol
- un etanol 1400C vi H2SO4 c th c 2 phn t ancol tch mt phn t nc to
thnh mt phn t dietyl ete.
C2H5 - OH + HO - C2H5
H2SO4
o
140 C
C2H5 - O - C2H5 + H2O

dietyl ete (ete etylic)
3. Phn ng tch nc
GV: Gii thiu phn ng tch nc.
- 1700C, xc tc H2SO4 m c ancol tc nc to thnh anken tng ng:
CH3 - CH2 - OH
H2SO4
CH2 = CH2 + H2O
170oC
- y l phn ng iu ch etylen trong phng th nghim.

Tng qut:
CnH2n + 1 - OH
H2SO4
170oC
CnH2n + H2O
==> Phn ng tch nc ancol tun theo qui tc kh Zai-xep.

4. Phn ng oxi ha
HS: Nghin cu th nghim SGK rt ra kt lun phn ng oxi ha ancol.
a. Oxi ha khng hon ton
- Oxi ha nh bi CuO, t0 :
+ Ancol bc 1: b oxi ha nh thnh andehit.
Trang 61
Lun vn tt nghip
to
R CH2 OH + CuO
R C O + Cu + H2O
H
+ Ancol bc 2: b oxi ha thnh xeton.

to
R CH R' + CuO
OH
R C R' + Cu + H2O
O
+ Ancol bc 3: trong iu kin nh trn khng b oxi ha, iu kin thch hp b oxi
ha mnh th gy mch cacbon.
b. Oxi ha hon ton
CnH2n + 1OH +
to
3n/ O
2 2
to
C2H5OH + 3O2
nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
2CO2 + 3H2O
V IU CH
GV: Gii thiu cc phng php iu ch ancol.
1. Phng php tng hp
* Trong cng nghip iu ch etanol bng cch hidrat ha etilen.
H2SO4, to
CH2 CH2 + H2O
C2H5OH
- Ngi ta cn c th tng hp ancol bng cch thy phn dn xut halogen trong dung
dch kim.
CH2 CH2 Cl + H2O
NaOH
CH2 CH2 OH + HCl
* Glixerol c tng hp t propylen theo s :

CH2 CH CH3
Cl2
o
450 C
CH2 CH CH2
Cl2 + H2O
CH2 CH CH2
Cl
Cl
HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng theo s trn.
OH Cl
NaOH
CH2 CH CH2
OH
OH OH
- Ngoi ra, mt lng ng k glixerol thu c t sn phm ca phn ng thy phn

cht bo.
2. Phng php sinh ha
- Ln men tinh bt.
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O
C6H12O6
enzim
enzim
nC6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Trang 62
Lun vn tt nghip
VI NG DNG
HS: Tham kho SGK v ng dng quan trng ca ancol.
1. ng dng ca etanol
- Dng lm nguyn liu.
- Dng lm dung mi.
- Lm nhin liu.
- iu ch cc loi ru ung hoc ung c etanol.
2. ng dng ca metanol
- Sn xut andehit fomic.
- Ngoi ra, cn dng tng hp cc ha cht khc: metanamin, metan clorua.
- Metanol l cht rt c, ch cn mt lng nh vo c th gy m la, lng ln c th gy t
vong.
VII CNG C V BI TP P DNG

PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon trong phn t ancol X no, n chc,
mch h bng 60%. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 2: Khi un nng ancol A vi H2SO4 c thu c anken B. T khi hi ca B so vi
A bng 0,7. Tm cng thc phn t ca A.
2.HS: Lm bi tp 1 - 9 SGK, trang 186, 187.
BI 41: PHENOL
I NH NGHA, PHN LOI, DANH PHP V NG PHN CA PHENOL
1.nh ngha.
GV: Nu nh ngha phenol.
- Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi
nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen.
V d: C6H5OH, C6H4(OH)OH, C6H5(CH3)OH
- Nhm chc ca phenol: OH (nhm hidroxyl)
Trang 63
Lun vn tt nghip
2. Phn loi
HS: Tho lun nhm a ra c s phn loi phenol
- Da theo s nhm OH c 2 loi:
+ Phenol n chc: Phn t c mt nhm OH phenol.
OH
1
OH
OH
2
3
4
CH3
phenol
-naphtol
4-metylphenol
+ Phenol a chc: Phn t c hai hay nhiu nhm OH phenol.

OH
OH
1
6
3
4
CH3
1,2-dihidroxi-4-metylbenzen
II PHENOL N CHC
1. Cu to
GV: Gii thiu cu to ca phenol. So snh vi cu to ca ancol etylic v benzen.
* Phenol c cng thc phn t C6H6O v c cng thc cu to l C6H5OH.
m hnh phn t phenol dng c
m hnh phn t phenol dng rng
* So snh cu to gia phenol vi ancol etylic v bezen ta thy trong phn t phenol c
nh hng qua li gia vng benzen v nhm th OH.
OH
O H
C2H5
ancol etylic
phenol
Trang 64
benzen
Lun vn tt nghip
- nh hng ca vng benzen ln nhm th OH: s hin din ca vng benzen c tc

dng ht electron mnh lm gia tng s phn cc trong lin kt n O H, dn n tnh
axit yu ca phenol.
- nh hng ca nhm th OH ln vng benzen: s hin din ca nhm th OH c tc
dng y electron v pha vng benzen lm cho nhng nguyn t cacbon v tr 2,4,6
trn vng benzen tr nn giu in tch m, v vy phn ng th u tin xy ra nhng v
tr ny.
H
O
2. Tnh cht vt l
HS: Nghin cu SGK nu tnh cht vt l ca phenol.
- iu kin thng, phenol l cht rn, khng mu, nng chy 45 C. lu ngoi
khng kh chuyn dn sang mu hng do b oxi ha chm bi khng kh.
- Phenol rt c, rt t tan trong nc lnh, nhng tan nhiu trong nc nng v trong
etanol.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
GV: Gii thiu tnh cht ha hc ca phenol thng qua th nghim trong SGK.
a. Phn ng th ca nguyn t hydro ca nhm OH: tnh axit yu ca phenol
- Tc dng vi kim loi kim:
2C6H5OH + 2Na C6H5ONa + H2
- Tc dng vi NaOH, KOH....
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
- Nhn xt: Phenol c tnh axit, tnh axit ca phenol yu hn axit H2CO3 nhng mnh
hn ancol v phenol khng lm qu tm i mu.
C6H5ONa + H2O + CO2 C6H5OH + NaHCO3
b. Phn ng th nguyn t H ca vng bezen
- Phenol tc dng d dng vi dung dch brom to kt ta trng:
Trang 65
Lun vn tt nghip
OH
OH
Br
Br
+ 3HBr
+ 3Br2
Br
2,4,6-tribromphenol
Phn ng ny dng nhn bit phenol.

- Phn ng nitro ha vi axit nitric:
OH
OH
O2N
+ 3HNO3
NO2
H2SO4
+ 3H2O
NO2
2,4,6-trinitrophenol
(axit picric)
III IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch:
HS: Tham kho hai s iu ch phenol trong SGK v vit cc phng trnh phn ng
ha hc theo s .
- Trong cng nghip: phenol c iu ch bng cch oxi ha cumen nh oxi trong
khng kh hoc t benzen:
a) C6H6 C6H5CH(CH3)2
CH2
CH
H+
CH3
C6H5OH + CH3COCH3.
CH3
CH CH3
O2
C O OH
CH3
dd H 2SO4
OH
CH3
b) C6H6 C6H5Br C6H5ONa C6H5OH

- Ngoi ra, mt lng ng k phenol c tch ra t s chng ct than trong qu trnh
luyn cc.
2. ng dng:
HS: Tham kho SGK, nu ng dng ca phenol trong thc t.
- Phenol l nguyn liu sn xut nha phenolfomandehit dng lm cht kt dnh, phm
nhum, thuc n (2,4,6- trinitro phenol), cht dit c di 2,4- D,cht dit nm mc (nitro
phenol).
Trang 66
Lun vn tt nghip
IV CNG C V BI TP P DNG
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Cho cc cht sau:
OH
OH
CH2 OH
OH
OH
OH
CH3
CH2 OH
Hy ch ra nhng hp cht l phenol.

Cu 2: Bng phng php ha hc, trnh by cch nhn bit 4 cht lng ring bit:
phenol, ancol etylic, glixerol, benzen.
2.HS: Gii bi tp 1 - 6 trong SGK trang 193.
BI 42: LUYN TP
DN XUT HALOGEN, ANCOL V PHENOL
I - DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIDROCACBON (CxHyX)
1. HS: Cho bit bc ca dn xut halogen.
- Bc ca dn xut halogen: bng bc ca nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi X.
2. HS: Phn ng ha hc chung ca dn xut halogen l g?
Phn ng ha hc chung ca dn xut halogen l:
- Th X
CxHyX CxHyOH
- Tch HX
CnH2n+1X CnH2n + HX
3. HS: Nu phng php iu ch dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon.
Phng php iu ch dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon.
- Th H ca hidrocacbon bng X.
- Cng HX hoc X2 vo anken, ankin,...
Trang 67
Lun vn tt nghip
II - ANCOL NO, N CHC (CnH2n+1 OH)

1. HS: Cho bit bc ca ancol.
- Bc ca ancol: bng bc ca nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi nhm -OH.
2. HS: Phn ng ha hc chung ca ancol l g?
Phn ng ha hc chung ca ancol no, n chc l:
- Th -OH
CnH2n+1OH CnH2n+1Br
2CnH2n+1OH
to
xt
CnH2n+1OCnH2n+1 + H2O
- Th H ca -OH
CnH2n+1OH + 2Na CnH2n+1ONa + H2
- Tch nc
to
CnH2n+1OH
xt
CnH2n + H2O
- Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton

RCH2OH
CuO, to
RC O
H
RCH(OH)R1
CuO, to
RCR1
O
3. HS: Nu phng php iu ch ancol.

Phng php iu ch ancol
- Cng H2O vo anken.
- Th X ca dn xut halogen.
- iu ch etanol t tinh bt.
III PHENOL C6H5OH
1. HS: nh ngha phenol. Phn loi phenol.
nh ngha: Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm -OH lin kt trc
tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen.
Trang 68
Lun vn tt nghip
Phn loi: c hai loi

+ Phenol n chc: phn t c mt nhm -OH phenol.
+ Phenol a chc: phn t c hai hay nhiu nhm -OH phenol.
2. HS: Phn ng c trng ca phenol l g?
Phn ng c trng ca phenol:
+ Th H ca -OH
OH
2
ONa
+ Na
+ H2
+ Th H vng benzen
OH
OH
Br
Br
dd Brom
Br
OH
OH
O2N
NO2
dd HNO3
NO2
3. HS: Nu phng php iu ch phenol.

Phng php iu ch phenol
- Th H ca benzen.
- Oxi ha cumen
IV - BI TP P DNG
1. HS: Tho lun nhm tr li cu hi trong phiu hc tp.
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Khi iu ch C2H4 t C2H5OH v H2SO4 c 170oC th kh sinh ra c ln CO2,
SO2. Cht no sau y c th loi b c tp cht thu C2H4 tinh khit?
Trang 69
Lun vn tt nghip
A. Dung dch Br2.
B. Dng thuc tm.
C. Dung dch KOH
D. Dung dch KHCO3
Cu 2: Cng thc phn t ca A l CnHmOx. A l ru no th m phi c gi tr:

A. m = 2n
B. m = 2n + 2
C. m = 2n - 1
D. m = 2n + 1
Cu 3: un nng ru isobutylic 170oC c mt H2SO4 m c th sn phm chnh

l cht no di y:
A. CH3 CH = CH CH3
B. CH3 CH2 CH = CH2
C. CH2 = CH CH = CH2
D. CH2 = C(CH3)2
Cu 4: t chy 1 mol ru no mch h X cn 56 lt O2 (kc). Cng thc cu to

ca X l:
A. C3H5(OH)3
B. C2H4(OH)2
C. C3H6(OH)2
D. Kt qu khc
Cu 5: tch phenol ra khi hn hp lng gm phenol, benzen, anilin c th

lm theo cch no sau y:
A. Ha tan hn hp vo dung dch HCl d, sau chit ly phn tan ri
cho phn ng vi NaOH d, tip tc chit tch ly phn phenol khng
tan.
B. Ha tan hn hp vo dung dch NaOH d, sau chit tch ly phn
mui tan ri cho phn ng vi CO2 d, tip tc chit tch phenol khng
tan.
C. Ha tan hn hp vo H2O d, sau chit tch ly phenol.
D. Ha tan hn hp vo xng d, sau chit tch ly phenol.
2. HS: Lm bi tp 1-7 trong SGK trang 195.
TM TT CHNG 2
Vn dng s t duy thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11 ban c bn bng phn
mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7
Trang 70
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG 3
THC NGHIM S PHM
3.1. MC CH THC NGHIM S PHM
- ti c thc hin ti trng THPT Bi Hu Ngha nhm nh gi kh nng
ng dng ca s t duy vo vic nng cao cht lng dy hc ha hc trng
THPT.
- ti gp phn gip cho GV bit vn dng cng ngh thng tin vo dy hc ha
hc, t tit kim c thi gian chun b bi dy hc v k hoch hc tp, pht huy
c nng lc t duy c lp v t duy sng to mt cch c hiu qu.
3.2. NHIM V THC NGHIM

- Vn dng s t duy s ha bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn.
- nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh thng qua phiu hc tp, phiu phng vn
gio vin v hc sinh, nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn thc nghim s phm.
3.3. I TNG THC NGHIM

Lp 11B1 (s s 37 HS) v lp 11B3 (s s 39 HS) trng THPT Bi Hu Ngha.
3.4. CHUN B THC NGHIM

- Vn dng s t duy, s dng phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 thit k
bi dy hc ha hc theo ni dung chng trnh lp 11, ban c bn.
- Chun b bi ging, dng c, phiu hc tp, phiu phng vn gio vin, hc sinh.
- Chn lp i chng v lp thc nghim.
3.5. TIN HNH THC NGHIM

- Dy thc nghim lp 11B1.
- Lp i chng: lp 11B3.
3.6. THNG K M T KT QU THC NGHIM

Qu trnh thc nghim c nh gi thng qua phiu hc tp, pht cho mi HS sau
khi kt thc bi hc, phiu phng vn gio vin (ph lc 2), phiu phng vn HS (ph lc
1), cng vi nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn thc tp s phm.
3.6.1. Cch trnh by kt qu thc nghim s phm
- Bi Ancol (tit 1) cng vi phiu hc tp.
Trang 71
Lun vn tt nghip
- Tin hnh chm im phiu hc tp, sau phn thnh bn hng. Tnh % mi
hng:
+ Hng yu c im trung bnh t 0 n 4,9.
+ Hng trung bnh c im trung bnh t 5 n 6,4.
+ Hng kh c im trung bnh t 6,5 n 7,9.
+ Hng gii c im trung bnh t 8 n 10.
X l s liu v mt thng k ton hc th lp thc nghim v lp i chng c
tnh cc tham s c trng: im trung bnh M, lch chun S.
Tin hnh nh gi phiu hc tp.
Vic so snh kt qu ca lp thc nghim v lp i chng c th hin bng bng
v th i vi bn hng hc sinh.
3.6.2. Phn tch nh lng kt qu thc nghim s phm thng qua phiu hc
tp
Phiu hc tp: bi 40: Ancol (tit 1)
- Mc ch nh gi: mc hiu bi v k nng vn dng.
- Mc tiu kim tra:
+ Nhm nng lc nhn thc:
Bit.
Hiu.
Vn dng.
+ Nhm ni dung:
nh ngha.
Bc ancol.
ng phn danh php
Xc nh cng thc ca ancol.
* Bng cu trc hai chiu v c cu cu hi:

Nhm ni dung kin
Nhm nng lc nhn thc
Trang 72
Tng s
Lun vn tt nghip
thc
Bit
Hiu
Vn dng
nh ngha
1
1.25
1.25
Bc ancol
2
2.5
ng phn , danh
php
2.5
1
1.25
2.5
Xc nh cng thc
1.25
1
ca ancol
Tng s
4
5
1
1.25
1.25
1.25
8
6.25
2.5
10
* Ni dung phiu hc tp:

H v tn:
Lp: .
PHIU HC TP
(8 cu trc nghim, mi cu 1,25 im)
Cu 1: Bc ca cc ancol: (1) CH3CH2OH ; (2) CH3CH(CH3)OH ; (3)
CH3CH2C(CH3)2OH ; C(CH)3OH (4) ln lt l:
A. I ; II; III ; III
B. IV ; III ; II ; I
C. I ; II ; III ; IV
D. I ; II ; IV ; IV
Cu 2: Tn gi ca cc ancol: (1) CH3CH2OH ; (2) CH3OH ; (3) (CH3)3C-OH ; (4)

CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH ln lt l:
A. ancol etylic ; ancol metylic ; ancol tert butylic ; ancol sec butylic
B. ancol etylic ; ancol metylic ; ancol sec butylic ; ancol isobutylic
C. ancol etylic ; ancol metylic ; ancol tert butylic ; ancol butylic
D. ancol etylic ; ancol metylic ; ancol tert butylic ; ancol isobutylic
OH
Cu 3: Xt cc cht: (1) CH3OCH3 ; (2) CH3CH(OH)CH3; (3)
(4) (CH3)3COH ; CH3CH(CHO)CH3, ancol bc II l:

Trang 73
Lun vn tt nghip
A. (1), (2), (4)
B. (2), (3), (4)
C. (3), (4), (5)
D. (2), (3)
Cu 4: Cho ancol c cng thc cu to:

H3C CH CH2 CH2 OH
CH3
Tn no di y ng vi ancol trn:
A. 2-metylbutan-1-ol
B. 3-metylbutan-2-ol
C. 3-metylbutan-1-ol
D. 2-metylbutan-2-ol
Cu 5: S ng phn ancol no, mch h ca C5H12O l:

A. 6
B. 8
C. 12
D. 14
Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau:

OH
CH2 OH
OH
OH
OH
CH3
(2)
(3)
(4)
OH
(1)
CH2 OH
(5)
Cht no l ancol:
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5)
B. (1), (2)
C. (3), (5)
D. (4)
Cu 7: Cho ancol c cng thc cu to:

CH3 CH CH CH OH
CH3 CH3 CH3
Tn no di y ng vi cng thc cu to trn:

A. 1,2,3-trimetylbutan-1-ol
B. 3,4-dimetylpentan-2-ol
C. 2,3-dimetylpentan-2-ol
D. 2,3,4-trimetylbutan-1-ol
Cu 8: Ancol (X) c t khi hi i vi kh hidro l 31. Cng thc ca X l:

A. C3H9OH
B. C4H7OH
C. CH3OH
D. HOCH2CH2OH
* Phn tch v x l s liu kt qu kim tra:

Trang 74
Lun vn tt nghip
- Lp thc nghim: 11B1

Xp loi
Yu
Trung bnh
Kh
Gii
im
1,25
2.5
3,75
6,25
7,5
8,75
10
S lng
10
17
Tng cng
10
17
T l (%)
5,41
21,62
27,02
45,95
Trung bnh
Kh
Gii
Tng s hc sinh: n = 37
im trung bnh: 7,57
kh: K = 69,88 %
phn bit: P = 0,35
- Lp i chng: 11B3
Xp loi
Yu
im
1,25
2.5
3,75
6,25
7,5
8,75
10
S lng
12
Tng cng
13
20
T l (%)
33,33
51,28
15,39
Tng s hc sinh: n = 39
im trung bnh: 5,06
kh: K = 48,13 %
phn bit: P = 0,44
* So snh kim tra:
Lp thc nghim
Lp i chng
kh K
69,88 %
48,13 %
phn bit P
0,35
0,44
* So snh kt qu ca lp thc nghim vi lp i chng:

Xp loi
T l (%)
Yu
Trung bnh
Kh
Gii
Thc nghim
5,41
21,62
27,02
45,95
i chng
33,33
51,28
15,39
Trang 75
Lun vn tt nghip
60
50
40
Thc nghim
30
i chng
20
10
0
Yu
Trung bnh
Gii
Kh
Xp loi
Hnh 3.1: th ct biu din kt qu kim tra lp thc nhim v lp i chng
vi phiu hc tp
60
50
Thc nghim
i chng
40
30
20
10
0
Yu
Trung bnh
Kh
Gii
Xp loi
Hnh 3.2: th ng tch ly biu din kt qu kim tra lp thc nhim

v lp i chng vi phiu hc tp
- Nhn xt: Vi cng cch phn loi hc sinh, t l hc sinh trong mi loi hai lp c
s khc bit. C th nh sau:
+ Loi yu: lp thc nghim c t l hc sinh t im yu thp hn so vi lp i
chng.
Trang 76
Lun vn tt nghip
+ Loi trung bnh: lp thc nghim c t l hc sinh t im trung bnh thp hn lp

i chng.
+ Loi kh: lp thc nghim c t l hc sinh t im kh cao hn lp i chng.
+ Loi gii: lp thc nhim c t l hc sinh t im gii rt cao, cn lp i chng
khng c hc sinh t im gii.
3.6.3. Phn tch nh tnh kt qu thc nghim s phm
Trong t thc nghim s phm, khi c gio vin ging dy da trn s t duy
th phn ln cc em u cho rng: cc em hiu bi nhanh hn, nm vng kin thc mt
cch d dng, nh bi c lu hn, v c th gii quyt bi hc nhanh c thm thi
gian lm bi tp trn lp.
Vic thit k bi dy hc ha hc trn s t duy l mt phng php dy hc ha
hc mi, rt cn c pht huy v nhn rng cho cc ngnh hc v bc hc ph thng.
3.6.3.1. Phiu phng vn gio vin
S dng phiu phng vn gio vin (ph lc 2) ghi nhn kin ca gio vin (2
GV) trng THPT Bi Hu Ngha v vic vn dng s t duy thit k bi dy hc
ha hc lp 11, ban c bn.
Kt qu thu c nh sau:
kin gio vin
Ni dung phng vn
1. Mc kh thi ca bi dy hc c thit
k trn s t duy:
2. Bi dy hc c
phi hp c
mc mnh ca cc
phng php dy
hc, to iu kin
cho hc sinh:
Bnh
thng
Kh
Tt
a. Pht trin t duy
b. c hot ng
nhiu hn trn lp:
c. Hnh thnh phng
php t hc:
d. Nh lu, khc su
kin thc:
3. Bi dy hc c gip hc sinh phi hp
Trang 77
Lun vn tt nghip
hot ng vi gio vin cng xy dng bi

hc:
4. Bi dy hc c vn dng linh hot cc
phng php dy hc tch cc trong cc hot
ng c th
5. Vic s dng phn mm Mindjet
MindManager Pro 7 thit k bi dy hc ha
hc c ph hp vi i mi PPDH ha hc
hin nay:
3.6.3.2. Phiu phng vn hc sinh
S dng phiu thm d kin hc sinh (ph lc 1) ghi nhn kin hc sinh lp
11B1 trng THPT Bn Hu Ngha v vic gio vin vn dng s t duy thit k
bi dy hc ha hc ging dy trn lp.
Kt qu thu c nh sau:
Ni dung phng vn
kin hc sinh
1. i vi bn, vic hc mn ha hc
- D hn: 2HS
so vi cc mn t nhin khc (ton,
- Tng ng nhau: 22HS
l,..)
- Kh hn: 13HS
2. Bn nh gi nh th no v mc
hiu bi khi gio vin by hc ha
hc da theo s t duy?
- Bnh thng: 12HS

- Kh hn: 19HS
- Tt hn: 3HS
- Km hn: 3HS
- Rt thch th vi phng php ny:
3. Bn nhn xt nh th no v
phng php ca gio vin khi dy bi
mi theo s t duy?
4HS
- Bnh thng: 10HS
- Ty thuc vo ni dung bi: 17HS
- Cn ty thuc vo nng lc s phm
ca gio vin: 3HS
4. Theo bn kt qu hc tp ca cc
- Km hn: 1HS
Trang 78
Lun vn tt nghip
hc sinh trong lp bn sau khi c
- Bnh thng: 10HS
gio vin dy hc mn ha theo s
- Kh hn: 25HS
t duy:
- Tt hn: 1HS
5. Bn thy vic gio vin dy hc ha - Khng ph hp: 2HS

hc theo phng php s dng s
- Ph hp: 9HS
t duy c ph hp vi kh nng ca
- Cn ty thuc vo phng php ca
bn khng?
gio vin: 26HS
6. Bn c th t s ha ni dung
- C: 25HS
bi hc trc khi ln lp khng?
- Khng: 12HS
- Bnh thng: 24HS
7. Theo bn th kh nng t s ha
- Kh: 8HS
ni dung bi hc ca bn nh th no? - Tt: 1HS

- Km: 4HS
TM TT CHNG 3
Ni dung chng 3 bao gm:
Phn 1: Mc ch thc nghim s phm.
Phn 2: Nhim v ca thc nghim s phm.
Phn 3: i tng v s chun b trc khi thc nghim s phm.
Phn 4: Thng k m t kt qu thc nghim s phm.
Kt qu thc nghim ti trng Bi Hu Ngha khng nh:
1. ti: Thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn theo s t duy ca Tony
Buzan l cn thit.
2. Cc bin php nng cao cht lng dy hc ha hc c tc dng thit thc, pht huy
nng lc t duy c lp v t duy sng to ca gio vin v hc sinh.
3. Vic s dng phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 thit k bi dy hc ha hc
ph hp v kh thi i vi gio vin, v rt ph hp vi tnh hnh i mi phng php
dy hc nc ta hin nay.
Trang 79
Lun vn tt nghip
KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. Kt lun
Qu trnh thc hin ti: Thit k bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn theo s
t duy ca Tony Buzan thu c kt qu nh mong mun, lun vn thc hin
ng mc ch v nhim v ra: nghin cu xc nh trng tm ca ba chng, s
dng phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 thit k 12 bi dy hc ha hc theo s
t duy. Kt qu thc nghim trng THPT Bi Hu Ngha thng qua vic nh gi
phiu hc tp, phiu phng vn gio vin v hc sinh, cng vi nhn xt ca gio vin
hng dn thc nghim s phm khng nh tnh ng n v kh thi ca ti
nghin cu.
ng gp ca lun vn l tm ra bin php nng cao cht lng dy hc ha hc bng
con ng t duy, gp phn xy dng thm cho l lun dy hc v vic vn dng s t
duy s ha bi dy hc ca gio vin, tng cng vic ng dng cng ngh thng
tin trong dy hc ha hc, p ng c nguyn vng ca gio vin v hc sinh, cng
nh ch trng mi ca B Gio dc v o to, l tng bc tin hc ha trong nh
trng ph thng.
2. Kin ngh
Sau qu trnh thc hin ti lun vn tt nghip, c bit l thc nghim s phm
trng THPT, em c mt s kin ngh nh sau:
- Nghin cu vn dng s t duy v phn mm Mindjet MindManager Pro 7 vo
qu trnh dy v hc cn nhiu ha hn, cn c pht huy v nhn rng cho cc ngnh
hc v bc hc.
- Phi tng cng vic bi dng nng cao nng lc chuyn mn v nghip v s
phm cho gio vin THPT.
- Cn phi bi dng thc hc tp v rn luyn kh nng t hc cho HS.
- Nh trng ph thng phi c u t, trang b c s vt cht v phng tin dy
hc hin i phc v cho vic dy v hc theo phng php mi.
- Ph bin v nhn rng phng php dy hc theo s t duy ca Tony Buzan n
b mn ha hc ni ring v cc b mn khc ni chung trng THPT.
- Khuyn khch sinh vin tham gia nghin cu khoa hc, c bit l cc ti ng
dng nhng phng php mi, ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong qu trnh dy hc.
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Sau cng, qua ti lun vn ny, em mong mun ng gp mt phn nh b vo vic

nng cao cht lng dy hc ha hc nc ta.
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PH LC
Hnh thc trnh by ph lc bao gm :
Ph lc 1 : Phiu phng vn hc sinh thc nghim s phm.
Ph lc 2 : Phiu phng vn gio vin.
Ph lc 3 : Mt s bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn theo s t duy.
Ph lc 4 : Mt s bi dy hc ha hc lp 11, ban c bn chi tit dng file word c
xut ra t Mindjet Manager Pro 7.
PH LC 1 :
PHIU IU THM D KIN HC SINH
H v tn hc sinh:
Lp:
Khoanh trn vo cc ch ci A,B,C,D theo yu cu cu hi hoc kin ring ca cc bn
i vi tng nhn nh.
Cu 1: i vi bn, vic hc mn ha hc so vi cc mn t nhin khc (ton, l,..):
A. D hn
B. Tng ng nhau
C. Kh hn
Cu 2: Bn nh gi nh th no v mc hiu bi sau khi gio vin dy hc ha hc
da theo s t duy?
A. Bnh thng
B. Kh hn
C. Tt hn
D. Km hn
Cu 3: Bn nhn xt nh th no v phng php ca gio vin khi dy bi mi theo s
t duy?
A. Rt thch th vi phng php ny
B. Bnh thng
C. Ty thuc vo ni dung bi
D. Cn ty thuc vo nng lc s phm ca GV
Cu 4: Theo bn th kt qu hc tp ca cc hc sinh trong lp bn sau khi c gio
vin dy hc mn ha hc theo s t duy:
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A. Km hn
B. Bnh thng
C. Kh hn
D. Tt hn
Cu 5: Bn thy vic gio vin dy theo phng php s dng s t duy c ph hp
vi kh nng ca bn khng?
A. Khng ph hp
B. Ph hp
C. Cn ty thuc vo phng php ca gio vin
Cu 6: Bn c th t s ha ni dung bi hc trc khi ln lp khng?
A. C
B. Khng
Cu 7: Theo bn th kh nng t s ha ni dung bi hc ca bn nh th no?
A. Bnh thng
B. Kh
C. Tt
D. Km
Cu 8: Theo bn vic hc ha hc trn s t duy c nhng u im v hn ch g?
-u im:
...
...
...
- Hn ch:
...
...
...
Rt cm n bn tham gia, ng gp kin iu tra thc nghim.
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PH LC 2
PHIU THM D KIN GIO VIN
Xin qu thy c vui lng cho bit kin theo cu hi hoc yu cu trong phiu iu tra
thc nghim sau y:
Cu 1: Mc kh thi ca bi dy hc ha hc thit k trn s t duy:
A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
Cu 2: Bi dy hc c phi hp c mt mnh ca cc phng php dy hc, to iu

kin cho hc sinh:
a). Pht trin t duy:
A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
b). c hot ng nhiu hn trn lp:

A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
c). Hnh thnh phng php t hc:

A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
d). Nh lu, khc su kin thc:

A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
Cu 3: Bi dy hc c gip cho hc sinh phi hp hot ng vi gio vin cng xy

dng bi dy hc:
A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
Cu 4: Bi dy hc c vn dng linh hot cc phng php dy hc tch cc trong cc

hot ng c th:
A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
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Cu 5: Vic s dng phn mm Mindjet Manager Pro 7 thit k bi dy hc ha hc c

ph hp vi i mi PPDH ha hc hin nay:
A. t.
C. Kh.
B. Bnh thng.
D. Tt.
11. kin ng gp ca thy, c vic nng cao cht lng bi dy hc ngy cng tt
hn:
...
...
...
...
...
Xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c
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PH LC 3
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PH LC 4
BI 26: XICLOANKAN
I - CU TO
HS: T cng thc cu to ca cc xicloankan trong bng 5.2 cho bit c im v cu
to phn t ca xicloankan, suy ra cng thc chung ca xicloankan n vng. Lp dy
ng ng ca xicloankan.
- Xicloankan: l nhng hidrocacbon no mch vng.
- Xicloankan n vng cn gi l monoxicloankan c cng thc chung l: CnH2n (n 3)
- Dy ng ng ca xicloankan : C3H6, C4H8, C5H10, C6H12,...
GV: Hng dn HS c tn ca xicloankan
* Cch gi tn xicloankan
- Xicloankan n vng khng nhnh
Tn gi = xiclo + tn ankan khng nhnh c cng s nguyn t C
Vd: xem bng 5.2 SGK
- Xicloankan n vng c nhnh.
Tn Xicloankan = S ch v tr nhnh + tn gc hidrocacbon mch nhnh + xiclo + tn
ankan tng ng trong vng.
V d:
CH2 CH2
CH2
CH CH3
CH2
hay
CH3
CH3
CH2 CH2
Etylxiclopentan
Metylxiclohexan
II - TNH CHT HA HC
HS: T c im cu to ca xicloankan, hy d on tnh cht ha hc ca n
- Do ch c lin kt n nn xicloankan tham gia phn ng: th, tch, oxi ha.
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1. Phn ng th
HS: Nhc li khi nim phn ng th v vit phng trnh phn ng gia xiclopropan v
brom.
Tng t ankan, nguyn t hidro trong phn t xicloankan c th b thay th bi nguyn
t halogen khi chiu sng hoc nung nng.
Phng trnh:
Br
+ Br2
+ Br2
to
+ HBr
Br
to
+ HBr
2. Phn ng cng m vng

GV: Gii thiu cho HS bit v hiu v phn ng cng m vng.
- Cc xicloankan n vng ( 3 cnh, 4 cnh) c cu trc km bn nn ngoi nhng tnh
cht tng t ankan, hai cht ny cn d tham gia phn ng cng m vng.
- Khi tham gia phn ng cng m vng, mt trong cc lin kt C - C ca vng b b gy
v tc nhn cng chia lm 2 phn cng hp vo 2 u ca lin kt va b gy, to thnh
hp cht no nhng mch h.
Phng trnh:
to, Ni
+ H2
CH3
xiclopropan
xiclobutan
CH3
propan
to, Ni
+ H2
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
Butan
- Ring xiclopropan cn tc dng c vi dung dch brom v axit

Phng trnh:
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CH2
+ Br2 (dd)
CH2
CH2
Br
Br
1,3-dibrompropan
CH3
+ HBr
CH2
CH2
Br
1-brompropan
- Cc ankan vng ln ( 5 cnh tr ln) khng tham gia phn ng cng m vng.
3. Phn ng tch
HS: Tng t ankan, cc xicloankan cng b tch hidro, cho v d.
Tng t ankan, cc xicloankan cng b tch hidro (dehidro ha)
V d:
to, xt
CH3
CH3 + 3H2
metylxiclohexan
toluen (metylbezen)
4. Phn ng oxi ha
HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng t chy tng qut ca xicloankan. Cho v d c th
Cng ging nh ankan, cc xicloankan khi chy u ta nhit
* Phng trnh tng qut:
CnH2n +
3n
2
O2
to
nCO2 + nH2O
* V d:
C4H8 + 6O2
to
4CO2 + 4H2O
III - IU CH
GV: Gii thiu cch iu ch xicloankan
- Xicloankan c ly ch yu t vic chng ct du m.
- Ngoi ra, mt s xicloankan cn c iu ch t ankan.
V d:
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to, xt
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
heptan
CH3 + H2
metylxiclohexan
IV - NG DNG
HS: Cho bit ng dng ca xicloankan
Xicloankan c dng lm nhin liu, dung mi, hoc lm nguyn liu iu ch cc cht
khc.
V d:
O2, Co2+
Xiclohexan
O
xiclohexanon
V - CNG C V BI TP P DNG
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Cho phn ng: A + Br2 CH2Br CH2 CH2Br. Vy A l
A. propan
B. 1-metylpropan
C. propen
D. xiclopropan
Cu 2: Xicloankan n vng X c t khi so vi nit bng 2,5. Xc nh cng

thc cu to ca X, bit rng X tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni) to ra mt
sn phm. Vit phng trnh minh ha.
2. HS: Lm bi tp 1-5 trang 120, 121 SGK
BI 27: Luyn tp
ANKAN V XICLOANKAN
I - KIN THC CN NM VNG
1. HS: Phn ng chnh ca hidrocacbon no l g?
- Cc phn ng chnh ca hidrocacbon no l: phn ng th, phn ng tch.
2. HS: Nu c im v cu trc v cng thc chung ca ankan.
- Ankan l hidrocacbon no mch h, c cng thc phn t chung l CnH2n+2 (n1)
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3. HS: Nhng ankan no c ng phn mch cacbon?

- Ankan t C4H10 tr i c ng phn mch cacbon.
4. HS: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ankan v xicloankan l g?
So snh ankan v xicloankan v cu to v tnh cht.
- Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ankan v xicloankan l phn ng th; ring xicloankan
vng nh cn tham gia phn ng cng m vng.
- Bng so snh ankan v xicloankan v cu to v tnh cht ha hc:
Ging nhau
Cu to
Khc nhau
Trong phn t u ch c cc lin Ankan: mch h

kt n hay cn gi l lin kt
Tnh cht ha hc - u c phn ng th.
Xicloankan: mch vng

Xicloankan vng 3,4 cnh c
phn ng cng m vng.
- C phn ng tch hidro.

- Chy ta nhiu nhit.
5. HS: Nu nhng ng dng quan trng ca ankan.
- Cc ankan l thnh phn chnh trong cc loi nhin liu v l ngun nguyn liu phong
ph trong cng nghip ha hc.
II - BI TP P DNG
1. HS: Tho lun nhm tr li cu hi trong phiu hc tp
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1:
a. Vit cng thc cu to cc hidro cacbon c cng thc phn t C6H14.
b. Gi tn cc cht tm c.
Cu 2: Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc sau:
a. C3H8 + O2
b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (to, crackinh)
c. CH3CH2CH2CH3 (to, 7000C)
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d.
CH2
CH CH3 + H2
Ni, to
CH2
2. HS: Gii bi tp 1-6 SGK trang 123
BI 29: ANKEN
I - NG NG, NG PHN, DANH PHP
1. ng ng
HS: Nu bit cht n gin nht
ca dy ng ng ca anken l etilen C 2H4
(CH2=CH2), hy nhn xt v c im cu to, t rt ra khi nim v anken v cng

thc chung ca anken.
- Etilen ( CH2 = CH2 ) v cc cht tip theo c cng thc phn t C3H6, C4H8, C5H10,c
tnh cht tng t etilen lp thnh dy ng ng c cng thc phn t chung CnH2n
(n2) c gi l anken hay olefin.
2. ng phn
a. ng phn cu to
HS: Nu khi nim ng phn, da theo cng thc cu to th anken c chia thnh
nhng kiu ng phn no. Vit cc ng phn ca C4H8.
- ng phn l nhng hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng cng thc phn t.
- Da theo cng thc cu to ng phn c phn thnh hai nhm:
+ ng phn mch C.
+ ng phn v v tr lin kt i.
V d: C4H8.
CH2 CH CH2 CH3
CH2
CH3 CH CH CH3
C CH3
CH3
b. ng phn hnh hc
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GV: Vit cng thc cu to ca But-2-en di dng cis v trans.

HS: Nhn xt, Rt ra kt lun v ng phn hnh hc.
- ng vi cng thc cu to CH3 CH = CH CH3 cn c cng thc cu to sau:
H
CH3
C C
CH3
H
C
CH3
cis-but-2-en
C
CH3
trans-but-2-en
* Kt lun: ng phn hnh hc c dng:

R1
R3
C C
R2
- iu kin: R1 R2
R4
R3 R4
+ ng phn cis: Khi mch chnh nm cng mt pha ca lin kt C=C.

+ ng phn trans: Khi mch chnh nm pha khc nhau ca lin kt C=C.
3. Danh php
HS: Phn tch hng dn HS rt ra cch gi tn thng thng, tn thay th.
a. Tn thng thng:
Tn anken = tn ankan c cng s nguyn t C (i -an thnh -ilen)
V d: C2H4 : etilen
C3H6 : propilen
C4H8 : butilen
b. Tn thay th
* Quy tc:
- Tn anken = Tn ankan i ui an thnh en
- Chn mch chnh l mch C di nht c cha lin kt i.
- nh s C mch chnh t pha gn lin kt i hn.
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Tn anken = s ch nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch chnh + s ch lin kt i + en

V d:
1
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH CH3
eten
CH2
CH CH2
CH3
2
CH3
CH CH CH3
CH3
but-1-en
propen
but-2-en
CH C CH3
CH3
2-metylbut-2-en
II - TNH CHT VT L
HS: Nghin cu bng 6.1 SGK hy cho bit trng thi, quy lut bin i v nhit nng
chy, nhit si, khi lng ring, tnh tan ca anken.
- Trng thi: iu kin bnh thng, cc anken t C2H4 n C4H8 l cht kh; t C5H10
tr i l cht lng hoc cht rn.
- Nhit nng chy, nhit si v khi lng ring ca cc anken tng dn theo chiu
tng khi lng nguyn t.
- Cc anken u nh hn nc ( D < 1 g/cm3 ) v khng tan trong nc.
III - TNH CHT HA HC
1. Phn ng cng
HS: Phn tch c im cu to ca phn t anken, d on trung tm phn ng.
- c im cu to ca anken: c mt lin kt i C=C (gm mt lin kt bn vng v
mt lin kt km bn).
- D on tnh cht ha hc ca anken:
+ Lin kt i d on l trung tm phn ng.
+ Phn ng ph v lin kt km bn.
a. Cng hidro
HS: Vit PT ha hc ca etien vi H2, t vit PT tng qut
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- Khi un nng c kim loi Ni lm xc tc, anken kt hp vi hidro to thnh ankan

tng ng.
V d:
CH2
Ni, to
CH2 + H2
CH3
CH2
CH3
Phng trnh tng qut:

o
Ni, t
CnH2n + H2
CnH2n+2
b. Cng halogen
HS: Quan st th nghim hnh 6.2 SGK, nhn xt, vit phng trnh phn ng.
- Rt dd Brom vo cc ng anken (lng) thy dd Brom mt mu (hnh 6.2), chng t
nng Br2 b gim.
Phng trnh tng qut:
CnH2n + Br2
CnH2nBr2
V d:
CH2
CH2 + Br2
CH2
CH2
Br
Br
* Nhn xt: anken lm mt mu dd brom, v vy ngi ta thng dng dd brom phn

bit ankan v anken.
c. Cng HX ( X l OH, Cl, Br,...)
HS: Vit PT ha hc phn ng cng ca etilen v propilen vi HBr. So snh sn phm
gia hai phn ng, gii thch, cho bit sn phm chnh.
- Xc nh bc nguyn t C, rt ra quy tc cng Mac-cp-nhi-cp. Cho v d.
- Phng trnh ha hc:
CH2 CH2 + H Br
CH3 CH2 Br
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CH3 CH CH3 (Sp chnh)

II
III
Br
CH2 CH CH3 + HBr
2-brompropan
CH2 CH2 CH3

Br
1-brompropan
==> Cc anken c cu to phn t khng i xng khi tc dng vi HX c th sinh ra

hn hp hai sn phm.
- Nhn xt:
+ Phn ng gia etilen vi HBr cho mt sn phm duy nht.
+ Phn ng gia propilen vi HBr cho hai sn phm: 1-brompropan (l sn phm ph),
2-brompropan (l sn phm chnh)
* Quy tc cng Mac-cp-nhi-cp: Trong phn ng cng HX vo lin kt i, nguyn t
H (hay phn in dng) ch yu cng vo nguyn t C bc thp hn (c nhiu H hn),
cn nguyn t X (phn mang in m) cng vo nguyn t C bc cao hn (c t H hn).
2. Phn ng trng hp
HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng trng hp etilen. Nu ngha ca cc i lng. T
rt ra khi nim phn ng trng hp, cch gi tn.
- Trng hp etilen:
... + CH2
CH2 + CH2
CH2 + CH2
CH2 +...
t , xt,p
...
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
...
Hoc ta c th vit:
n CH2
CH2
to, xt, p
( CH2
CH2 )
- Phn t CH2 = CH2: gi l monome.

- n: l h s trng hp (thng ly gi tr trung bnh)
- Phn ng trng hp: l qu trnh cng hp lin tip nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc
tng t nhau to thnh phn t rt ln (polime).
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- Tn polime = poli + tn monome.

3. Phn ng oxi ha
a. Phn ng oxi ha hon ton
HS: Vit PT phn ng chy dng tng qut, nhn xt t l s mol sn phm sau phn
ng.
- Khi b t vi oxi cc anken u chy v ta nhiu nhit.
- Phng trnh tng qut:
CnH2n +
3n O
2
2
nCO2 + nH2O
* Nhn xt: S mol CO2 = S mol H2O

b. Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton
HS: Quan st th nghim, nhn xt hin tng.
- Th nghim: sc kh etilen vo dd KMnO4, thy mu dd nht dn v c kt ta nu en.
- Phng trnh:
3CH2
CH2 + KMnO4
3OH CH2
CH2
OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
- Tt c anken u lm mt mu dd KMnO4. Phn ng ny dng phn bit anken vi

ankan.
IV - IU CH
1. Trong phng th nghim
GV: Gii thiu phng php iu ch etilen trong phng th nghim.
Etilen c iu ch t ancol etylic (hnh 6.3 SGK)
Phng trnh:
C2H5OH
H2SO4 d , to
CH2 CH2
+ H2O
2. Trong cng nghip

GV: Gii thiu cch iu ch anken trong cng nghip.
Trong cng nghip cc anken c iu ch t ankan.
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o
CnH2n+2
t ,p
xt
CnH2n + H2
V - NG DNG
HS: Nghin cu SGK cho bit ng dng ca anken
- L nguyn liu cho nhiu qu trnh sn xut ha hc.
- Tng hp polime: PVC, PVA, PE,...
- Tng hp cc ha cht khc: etanol, etilen glicol, anehit axetic,...
VI - CNG C V BI TP P DNG
1.HS: Tho lun nhm tr li cc cu hi trong phiu hc tp.
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Khi cng HBr vo hn hp cc ng phn mch h C4H8 th thu c ti a bao
nhiu sn phm?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 2: nhn bit CH4 v C2H4 ta dng ha cht no sau y:

A. Dung dch NaOH
B. Dung dch HCl
C. Dung dch KMnO4
D. H2O
Cu 3: Khi t nng 1 lt hidrocacbon A mch h cn 30 lt khng kh, sinh ra 4 lt CO 2.

A tc dng vi H2 (c Ni xc tc) to thnh mt hidrocacbon no mch nhnh. Xc
nh cng thc cu to ca A, bit khng kh oxi chim 20% th tch, cc th tch
kh o cng iu kin.
2. HS: Gii bi tp 2-6 trong SGK trang 132
BI 30: ANKAIEN
I - NH NGHA V PHN LOI
1. nh ngha
GV: Ly v d mt s ankaien.
HS: Khi qut a ra cng thc chung v iu kin ch s n.
V d:
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Lun vn tt nghip
CH2
CH2 CH CH CH2
C CH2
buta-1,3-dien
(butadien)
propadien
(anlen)
CH2
C CH CH2
CH3
CH2
C CH CH3
2-metylbuta-1,3-dien
(isopren)
buta-1,2-dien
l nhng ankadien.
* nh ngha: ankadien l hidrocacbon mach h c hai lin kt i trong phn t
- Cng thc phn t chung: CnH2n-2 (n 3)
2. Phn loi
HS: Vit cc CTCT ca ankadien c CTPT C5H10 . Nhn xt v v tr 2 lin kt i.
- Cn c vo v tr 2 lin kt i, phn loi ankadien.
Cc cng thc cu to ca ankadien c cng thc phn t C5H10
CH2
C CH CH2
CH3 (1)
CH2
CH CH CH CH3 (2)
CH2
CH CH2
CH CH2
(3)
- Da vo v tr tng i gia hai lin kt i, c th chia ankadien lm 3 loi:

+ Akadien c hai lin kt i cnh nhau. (1)
V d:
CH2
CH2
(alen)
+ Akadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau 1 lin kt n c gi l ankadien lin hp. (2)
V d:
CH2
CH CH CH2 (Buta-1.3-dien)
+ Akadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau t hai lin kt n tr ln. (3)

V d:
CH2
CH CH2
CH2
CH CH2
(hexa-1,5-dien)
Trang 101
Lun vn tt nghip
* Ch : Cc ankadien lin hp nh buta-1,3-dien CH2 = CH CH = CH2 v isopren

CH2 = C(CH3) CH = CH2 c nhiu ng dng thc t.
II - TNH CHT HA HC
HS: So snh im ging v khc nhau ca anken v akadien. Nhn xt kh nng phn
ng.
- Anken v akadien ging nhau l u c lin kt i trong phn t.
- im khc nhau l trong phn t anken c 1 lin kt i cn trong phn t akadien c 2
lin kt i.
==> Do c lin kt i trong phn t nn ankadien c tnh cht tng t anken.
1. Phn ng cng
GV: Nu vn v phn ng cng
HS: Vn dng vit cc PT ha hc cc phn ng cng.
Ty theo iu kin v t l mol, v nhit , phn ng cng ca ankadien lin hp c th
xy ra:
+ T l 1 : 1 - phn ng cng c th theo kiu 1,2 hoc 1,4.
+ T l 1 : 2 - phn ng cng ng thi vo lin kt i.
a. Cng hidro
o
Ni, t
CH2
CH CH CH2 + 2H2
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH
CH2
b. Cng brom
Cng 1,2:
1
CH2
-80 C
CH CH CH2 + Br2(dd)
CH2
CH
Br
Br
Cng 1,4:
1
CH2
40 C
CH CH CH2 + Br2(dd)
CH2
CH
CH
Br
CH2
Br
Cng ng thi vo hai lin kt i:
Trang 102
Lun vn tt nghip
CH2
CH CH CH2 + Br2
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
Br
Br
Br
Br
* Lu : nhit thp u tin to thnh sn phm cng 1,2 nhit cao u tin to
thnh sn phm cng 1,4.
2. Phn ng trng hp
HS: Nhc li khi nim phn ng trng hp, iu kin c phn ng trng hp. Ch
v d ca GV a ra, t vit phng trnh trng hp isopren.
Khi c mt kim loi natri hoc cht xc tc khc, th cc ankadien lin hp tham gia phn
ng trng hp, ch yu trng hp theo kiu 1,4.
V d: trng hp buta-1,3-dien
nCH2
CH CH CH2
to, xt
p
( CH2
CH CH CH2 )
Tng t trng hp isopren

nCH2
C CH CH2
to, xt
p
( CH2
C CH CH2
CH3
CH3
3. Phn ng oxi ha
HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng chy ca ankadien
a. Phn ng oxi ha hon ton
V d:
C4H6 + 11O2
to
8CO2 + 6H2O

Buta-1,3-dien v isopren cng lm mt mu dung dch kali pemanganat (KMnO4) tng
t anken.
III - IU CH
HS:
1. Vit PT ha hc ca phn ng iu ch buta-1,3-dien: i t butan hoc buten bng
cch dehidro ha.
Trang 103
Lun vn tt nghip
2. Vit PT ha hc ca phn ng iu ch isopren bng cch tch hidro ca iso pentan

(ly t du m).
1. iu ch buta-1,3-dien t butan hoc buten bng cch dehidro ha
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
to, xt
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
+ 2H2
2. iu ch isopren bng cch tch hidro ca isopentan

CH3
CH2
CH3
CH3
to, xt
CH2
CH3
C CH CH2 + 2H2
CH3
IV - NG DNG
HS: Nghin cu SGK rt ra mt s ng dng ca ankadien.
T ankadien c th iu ch nhng cht c tnh n hi cao c dng sn xut cao su
(cao su buna, cao su isopren,...). Cao su buna c dng lm lp xe, nha trm thuyn.
V - CNG C V BI TP P DNG
PHIU HC TP
Cu hi: Vit phng trnh ha hc ( dng cng thc cu to) ca cc phn ng xy ra
khi:
a. Isopren tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni)
b. Isopren tc dng vi dung dch Brom (trong CCl4)
Cc cht c ly theo t l s mol 1:1, to ra sn phm theo kiu cng 1,4.
c. Trng hp isopren theo kiu 1,4.
2. HS: Lm bi tp 3-5 trong SGK trang 135,136.
BI 31: LUYN TP
ANKEN V ANKADIEN
1. HS: in y thng tin vo bng do GV a ra.
Anken
Trang 104
Ankadien
Lun vn tt nghip
1. Cng thc phn t chung

2. c im cu to
3. Tnh cht ha hc c trng
4. S chuyn ha gia ankan,
anken v ankadien
2. GV: a ra p n
Anken
Ankadien
1. Cng thc phn CnH2n (n 2)
CnH2n-2 (n 3)
t chung
2. c im cu
- C mt lin kt i trong phn - C hai lin kt i trong phn
to
t.
t.
- C ng phn mch C v ng - C ng phn mch C v ng

phn v tr lin kt i.
phn v tr lin kt i.
- Mt s anken cn c ng
- Mt s ankadien cn c ng
phn hnh hc.
phn hnh hc.
3. Tnh cht ha
- Phn ng cng: vi hidro, hidro halogenua, brom (dung dch)
hc c trng
- Phn ng trng hp.
,x
t
+H2, t , xt
xt
,x
2)
(-H
xt
)
2
(-H
ankan
t o,
to ,
,t
2
+H
v ankadien
anken
2, o
t
gia ankan, anken
to, xt (-H2)
ankadien
+H
4. S chuyn ha
II - BI TP
HS: Lm vic theo nhm ln lt gii bi tp 1-7 trong SGK trang 137,138.
Trang 105
Lun vn tt nghip
BI 32: ANKIN
I - NG NG, NG PHN, DANH PHP
1. Dy ng ng ankin
HS: Nghin cu SGK nu khi nim ankin, cng thc chung ca ankin; cng thc
electron, cng thc cu to v m hnh cu to phn t.
- Axetilen (C2H2) v cc cht tip theo c cng thc phn t C3H4, C4H6,c tnh cht
tng t axetilen lp thnh dy ng ng ca axetilen c gi l ankin.
- Cng thc phn t chung ca ankin: CnH2n-2 (n 2)
- Cu to ca phn t axetilen c biu din nh sau
+ Cng thc electron
..
H : C :: C : H
+ Cng thc cu to
H C C H
+ M hnh cu to phn t: Gm dng c (a) v dng rng (b)
(a)
(b)
2. ng phn
HS: Da vo kin thc v ng phn, vit CTCT ca cc ankin c cng thc phn t:
C4H6, C5H8; Phn loi cc ng phn va vit c.
V d:
* C 4 H6
- ng phn v tr lin kt ba
CH C CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
* C 5 H8
- ng phn v tr lin kt ba
Trang 106
Lun vn tt nghip
CH C CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
C C CH2
CH3
- ng phn mch cacbon

CH C CH
CH3
CH3
==> Nhn xt: hai cht u dy (C2H2 v C3H4) khng c ng phn ankin. Cc ankin t
C4H6 tr ln c ng phn v tr lin kt ba, t C5H8 cn c ng phn mch cacbon
(tng t anken).
3. Danh php
GV: Hng dn HS gi tn ankin theo danh php thng thng v danh php thay th.
HS: Gi tn cc ng phn ca C4H6, C5H8
a. Tn thng thng
Tn ankin = Tn gc ankyl lin kt vi nguyn t C ca lin kt ba + axetilen
V d:
CH C CH2
CH3
CH3
C C CH3 dimetylaxetilen
CH C CH2
CH3
etylaxetilen
CH2
C C CH2
CH C CH
CH3 propylaxetilen
CH3 etylmetylaxtilen
CH3 isopropylaxetien
CH3
b. Tn thay th
* Quy tc:
- Chn mch chnh l mch C di nht c cha lin kt ba.
- nh s C mch chnh t pha gn lin kt ba hn.
Tn ankin = S ch nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch chnh + s ch lin kt ba + in
V d:
CH CH
etin
Trang 107
Lun vn tt nghip
CH C CH3
CH C
CH3
CH2
propin
CH3 but-1-in
C C CH3 but-2-in
CH C CH2
CH3
CH2
C CH2
CH C CH
CH3 pent-1-in
CH3
CH3
pent-2-in
3-metylbut-1-in
CH3
II - TNH CHT VT L
HS: Nghin cu SGK cho bit tnh cht vt l ca ankin.
-.Cc ankin c nhit si tng dn theo chiu tng ca khi lng phn t.
- Cc ankin c nhit si cao hn v khi lng ring ln hn cc ankan tng ng.
- Ging ankan v anken, cc ankin cng khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc.
III - TNH CHT HA HC
GV: Gii thiu phn ng cng ca ankin.
HS: Vit phng trnh minh ha.
- Lin kt ba trong phn t ankin gm mt lin kt bn v hai lin kt km bn. Do
ankin d dng tham gia phn ng cng. Ngoi ra, ank-1-in cn c phn ng th
nguyn t H lin kt vi nguyn t C ca lin kt ba bng nguyn t kim loi.
1. Phn ng cng
a. Cng hidro
Khi c Ni xc tc, ankin cng hidro to thnh anken, sau anken to thnh ankan.
V d:
CH CH + H2
CH2
CH2 + H2
Ni, to
Ni, to
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
Ch : Khi xc tc l hn hp Pb/PbCO3 hoc Pb/BaSO4, ankin ch cng mt phn t

hidro to thnh anken.
V d:
Trang 108
Lun vn tt nghip
CH CH + H2
Pb/PbCO3, to
CH2 CH2
c tnh ny dng iu ch anken t ankin.

b. Cng Brom, Clo
Brom v clo cng tc dng vi ankin theo hai giai on lin it.p
V d:
CH CH
dd Br2
CHBr
CHBr
dd Br2
CHBr2 CHBr2
c. Cng HX
- X l Cl, Br, CH3COO
Phn ng theo hai giai on lin tip
V d:
CH CH + HCl
to, xt
o
CH2 CHCl + HCl
t , xt
CH2 CHCl
CH3 CHCl2
Khi c xc tc thch hp, ankin tc dng vi HCl sinh ra dn xut monoclo ca anken.
V d:
CH CH + HCl
HgCl2
o
150-200 C
CH2 CHCl
(vinyl clorua)
- X l -OH:
Phn ng cng H2O ca cc ankin ch xy ra theo t l s mol 1:1
V d:
CH CH + H2O
HgSO4
[CH2 CH OH]
CH3 C H
O
*Ch : Phn ng cng HX ca cc ankin cng tun theo quy lut Mac-cp-nhi-cp.
V d:
Cl
CH3 C CH
+ HCl
CH3 C CH2
Cl
+ HCl
CH3 C CH3
Cl
Trang 109
Lun vn tt nghip
d. Phn ng dime ha v trime ha

- Ankin khng trng hp thnh polime:
+ Dime ha:
2CH CH
to, xt
CH2 CH CH CH2
+ Trime ha:
C
3CH CH
600oC
- V hnh thc, y cng l phn ng cng HX vo lin kt ba, vi HX l H C CH

2. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi
HS: Quan st th nghim cho C2H2 vo AgNO3/NH3. Nhn xt hin tng.
GV: Vit phng trnh ha hc.
a. Th nghim
- Sc kh axetilen vo dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac.
- Hin tng: kt ta vng nhc, l mui bc axetilua to thnh do phn ng:
CH CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3
AgC CAg
+ 2NH4NO3
b. Nhn xt
- Nguyn t hidro lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C lin kt ba u mch c tnh linh
ng cao hn cc nguyn t hidro khc nn c th b thay th bng ion kim loi.
- Cc ank-1-in khc nh propin, but-1-in... cng c phn ng tng t axtilen, do tnh
cht ny c dng phn bit ank-1-in vi anken cc ankin khc.
3. Phn ng oxi ha
a. Phn ng oxi ha hon ton (chy)
HS: Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng oxi ha hon ton ankin.
- Cc ankin chy ta nhiu nhit:
V d:
2C2H2 + 5O2
to
4CO2 + H2O
Trang 110
Lun vn tt nghip
Tng qut:
2CnH2n-2 + (3n-1)O2
to
2nCO3 + 2(n-1)H2O

HS: Quan st th nghim dn kh C2H2 qua dd KMnO4, nhn xt hin tng v nu ng
dng ca phn ng.
- Tng t aken v ankadien, akin cng c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm.
- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ankin.
IV - IU CH
GV: Hng dn HS vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng iu ch axetilen trong
phng th nghim v trong cng nghip.
- Trong phng th nghim v trc y c trong cng nghip, axetilen c iu ch
bng cch cho canxi cacbua CaC2 tc dng vi nc :
Phng trnh:
CaC2 + H2O
C2H2
+ Ca(OH)2
- Ngy nay trong cng nghip, axetilen c sn xut ch yu t metan:

Phng trnh:
2CH4
1500oC
C2H2 + 3H2
V - NG DNG
HS: Tm hiu SGK rt ra ng dng c bn ca axetilen.
1. Lm nhin liu
- Khi chy, axetilen ta nhiu nhit nn c dng trong n x oxi-axetilen hn kim
loi.
2. Lm nguyn liu
- T axetilen c th iu ch c nhiu cht du quan trng cho cc qu trnh tng hp
hu c.
VI - CNG C V BI TP P DNG
Trang 111
Lun vn tt nghip
1. HS: Tho lun nhm hon thnh phiu hc tp.

PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: C bao nhiu ng phn ankin c cng thc phn t C5H8 tc dng c
vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta vng?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 2: Cho s phn ng:

X
+H2
Pd/PbCO3
+H2
Ni
Butan
Bit Y c ng phn hnh hc. Cng thc cu to ca X l:

A.
B.
CH3 CH2 C CH
CH3 C C CH3
C.
D.
CH3 CH C CH
CH3
CH2 CH CH CH2
Cu 3: Bng phng php ha hc, hy phn bit etan, etilen v axetilen.

2. HS: Lm cc bi tp p dng 1-6 SGK trang 145
BI 33: LUYN TP
ANKIN
1. HS: So snh s ging v khc nhau gia ankin v anken v: cu to, tnh cht ha hc
v ng dng.
1. Cng thc chung

2. c im cu to
ANKEN
ANKIN
CnH2n ( n 2 )
CnH2n-2 ( n 2)
- C mt lin kt i:
- C mt lin kt ba:
C=C
C C
- C ng phn mch C v - C ng phn mch C v

3. ng phn
v tr lin kt i.
ng phn v tr lin kt ba.
- C ng phn hnh hc.

Trang 112
Lun vn tt nghip
a. Phn ng cng
a. Phn ng cng
- Cng hidro.
- Cng hidro.
- Cng brom dung dch.
- Cng brom dung dch.
- Cng HX theo quy tc - Cng HX theo quy tc

Mac-cp-nhi-cp.
4. Tnh cht ha hc
Mac-cp-nhi-cp.
b. Phn ng oxi ha khng b. Phn ng oxi ha khng

hon ton: Lm mt mu hon ton: Lm mt mu
dung dich KMnO4.
dung dich KMnO4.

c. Phn ng th ion kim loi
ca ank-1-in.
- iu ch PE, PP v l - iu ch PVC, sn xut

nguyn liu tng hp ra cc cao su buna, l nguyn liu
cht hu c khc.
5. ng dng
tng hp cc cht hu c,
axetilen cn dng lm nhin
liu.
2. HS: Lp s chuyn ha gia ankan, anken v ankin. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc

minh ha.
ankan
(+H2)
Ni, to
(+H2) Ni, to
(-H 2)
(-H 2) (-H 2)
anken
(+H2)
Pb/PbCO3 , to
ankin
Phng trnh:
C3H8
C3H8
xt, to
xt, to
C3H6 + H2
C3H6
xt, to
C3H4 + H2
C3H4 + H2
C3H6 + H2
C3H4 + 2H2
Ni, to
C3H 8
C3H4 + H2
Pd/PbCO3
to
Ni, to
C3H6
C3H 8
Trang 113
Lun vn tt nghip
II - BI TP
1. HS: Tho lun nhm tr li cc cu hi trong phiu hc tp.
PHIU HC TP
Cu 1: Oxi ha hon ton 2 (l) hidrocacbon X cn dng 6,72 (l) O2 thu c
4,48(l) CO2 cc kh c o ktc. X l:
A. C2H6
B. C2H4
C. C2H2
D. Kt qu khc
Cu 2: Tng s ng phn mch h ca C4H6 l:

A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 6,72 (l) hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hidrocacbon A v B

thu c 8,96 (l) (ktc) CO2 v 9g H2O. CTPT ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C2H2
B. C2H6 v C3H4
C. C2H6 v C5H12
D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 4: Kt lun no sau y l ng:

A. Ankin v anken ch c ng phn lin kt bi.
B. Ankin c ng phn hnh hc.
C. Ankin khng c ng phn mch cacbon.
D. Ankadien c ng phn hnh hc nh anken.
Cu 5: t chy hon ton hn hp 3 ankin A, B, C thu c 3,36 (l) CO 2 (ktc)
v 18g H2O. S mol hn hp ankin em t chy l:
A. 0,15
B. 0,25
C. 0,08
D. 0,05
2. HS: Lm bi tp 1-6 trang 147 SGK.
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Cng, Nguyn Mnh Dung (2006). Phng php dy hc Ha hc. NXB
i hc S Phm, Tp 1.
2. Nguyn Cng (2007). Phng php dy hc trng ph thng v i hc mt s
vn c bn. NXB Gio dc.
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Lun vn tt nghip
3. Cao C Gic (Ch bin), H Xun Thy, Cao Th Vn Trang (2009). Thit k bi
ging Ha hc 11 c bn. NXB H Ni, Tp II.
4. Cao C Gic (Ch bin), H Xun Thy, Cao Th Vn Trang (2008). Thit k bi
ging Ha hc 11 nng cao. NXB H Ni, Tp II.
5. Nguyn Vn Hng, Thi Th Tuyt Nhung (2007). Gio trnh Ha Hu C 2. Trng
i hc Cn Th.
6. L Vn Hoi (2008). S tay phng php ging dy v nh gi. Trng i hc Nha
Trang.
7. Bi Phng Thanh Hun (2008). Bi ging nh gi gio dc trong ging dy ha
hc. Trng i hc Cn Th.
8. Bi Phng Thanh Hun (2009). i mi phng php dy hc ha hc trng
trung hc ph thng vng ng bng sng Cu Long. Lun n tin s gio dc hc, H
Ni.
9. Phan Trng Ng (2005). Dy hc v phng php dy hc trong nh trng. NXB
i hc S phm.
10. on Th Kim Phng (2009). Bi ging l lun dy hc Ha Hc. Trng i hc
Cn Th.
11. Nguyn Ngc Quang, Nguyn Cng, Nguyn Xun Trinh (1982). L lun dy hc
Ha hc. NXB Gio dc, H Ni, Tp 1.
12. Hunh Th Anh Th (2007). iu tra tng th thc trng ging dy Ha hc trng
trung hc ph thng vng ng bng Sng Cu Long. Lun vn tt nghip khoa s phm
ngnh Ha, Trng i hc Cn Th.
13. ng Th Phng Thy (2010). Vn dng s t duy nhm pht huy nng lc t
hc mn Ha hc ca hc sinh lp 10 ban c bn. Lun vn tt nghip khoa s phm
ngnh Ha, Trng i hc Cn Th.
14. V Th Thu Thy (2008). Thit k gio n theo phng php dy hc tch cc thng
qua s kt hp Grap Bloom. Lun vn tt nghip khoa s phm ngnh Ha, Trng
i hc Cn Th.
15. L Thanh Thy (2009). Thit k gio n ging dy Ha hc lp 12 ban c bn thng
qua s kt hp s Grap Bloom. Lun vn tt nghip khoa s phm ngnh Ha,
Trng i hc Cn Th.
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16. L Trng Tn (1997). Phng php dy hc Ha hc trng ph thng trung hc.

NXB Gio dc, H Ni.
17. L Trng Tn (2002). Nghin cu cc bin php nng cao cht lng bi ln lp Ha
hc trng trung hc ph thng. Lun n tin s gio dc hc Trng i hc S phm
H Ni.
18. T gio dc hc (2006). Gio trnh gio dc hc i cng 2. Trng i hc Cn
Th.
19. Dng Thiu Tng (2004). Trc nghim o lng thnh qu hc tp Phng php
thc hnh. NXB Gio dc.
20. L Xun Trng, Nguyn Hu nh, L Ch Kin, L Mu Quyn (2007). Ha hc 11
nng cao. NXB Gio dc, H Ni.
21. L Xun Trng, Trn Quc c, Phm Tun Hng, on Vit Nga, L Trng Tn
(2007). Sch gio vin ha hc 11 nng cao. NXB Gio dc, H Ni.
22. Phm Trng, Nguyn Tn Thin, Tng c Huy (2010). kim tra kin thc Ha
hc lp 11. NXB Gio dc Vit Nam.
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NXB Gio dc.
24. Nguyn Xun Trng (Tng ch bin), L Mu Quyn (Ch bin), Phm Vn Hoan,
L Ch Kin (2007). Ha hc lp 11 c bn. NXB Gio dc.
25. Nguyn Xun Trng (Tng ch bin kim ch bin), Phm Vn Hoan, Phm Tun
Hng, Trn Trung Ninh, Cao Th Thng, L Trng Tn, Nguyn Ph Tun (2010). Sch
gio vin Ha hc 11 c bn. NXB Gio dc Vit Nam.
26. www.google.com.vn
27. www.mindjet.com.vn
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TRNG I HC CN TH

THIT K BI DY HC HA HC LP 11, BAN C

Sinh vin thc hin:

Ts.GVC.Bi Phng Thanh Hun

Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, em nhn c s ng vin, s gip nhit

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

1.3. Phng php hc tch cc .................................................................................... 19

3.6. Thng k m t kt qu thc nghim .................................................................... 72

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

Danh mc cc t vit tt trong lun vn

Phng php dy hc.

Cng thc cu to.

Cng thc phn t.

Sch gio khoa.

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

4. PHNG PHP V PHNG TIN NGHIN CU

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

1.1.1. Cc khi nim

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

S 1.1: H thng cc nhm phng php dy hc

1.1.3. i mi phng php dy hc

no , khi s dng phng php ny th cc em HS mt ch th ca gi dy b

im khc nhau gia phng php dy hc c truyn v phng php dy hc tch

(GV lm trung tm)

(HS lm trung tm)

- Hc l qu trnh tip thu v

- Hc l qu trnh kin to; HS

lnh hi, qua hnh thnh

tm ti, khm ph, pht hin t

kin thc, k nng, t tng,

hnh thnh hiu bit, nng lc,

- Truyn th tri thc, truyn

- T chc hot ng nhn thc

th v chng minh chn l ca

cho HS, dy HS tm ra chn l.

- Ch trng cung cp tri thc,

- Ch trng hnh thnh cc nng

lc (sng to, hp tc), dy

phng php v k thut khoa

tip thu. Mi quan h ch yu:

cc, sng to. Mi quan h:

- Sch gio khoa + GV

- T nhiu ngun khc nhau:

khoa hc ph hp, bo tng, thc

GVHD: TS.GVC Bi Phng Thanh Hun

trng a phng, nhng vn

- Cc phng php dy hc hin

truyn thng (trong , ch

i (trong , GV hng dn; HS

yu GV c thoi, pht vn,

hc cch hc, cch gii quyt

vn , cch sng v trng

quyn nh gi, cho im c

thnh nh tm ti, iu tra, gii

nh; HS nghe, ghi, hc thuc

quyt vn , dy hc tng tc.

thit b hin i v c bit l

ng dng cng ngh thng tin

- C ng, linh hot: hc lp,