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EHVSWITCHYARDEQUIPMENTS, SWITCHINGSCHMES&LAYOUTS Switchyard Type Conventional Air Insulated Type. Gas Insulated type. Outdoor Gas Insulated type.

Selection of Bus Switching Scheme PRE-REQUISITES 1) System security 2) Operational flexibility 3) Simplicity of protection arrangements 4) Ability to limit short circuit levels (ease of sectionalizing) 5) Maintenance Its effect on system security 6) Ease of extension 7) Total land area 8) Cost DESIGN GUIDELINES CONTD OPTIONS/ALTERNATIVES 1) Single sectionalized bus 2) Main and transfer bus 3) Sectionalized Main bus with transfer bus 4) Sectionalized double main and transfer bus 5) Double Bus Scheme 6) Ring bus 7) One and a half breaker 8) Double bus, double breaker DESIGN PRACTICES/PHYLOSOPHY 1) Consideration in Selection of Bus Switching Scheme 2) Comparison of Schemes a) Sectionalized main bus with transfer bus (Scheme-I) b) Sectionalized double main and transfer bus (Scheme-II) c) One and a half breaker (Scheme-III) DISCUSSIONS OF SCHEMES SCHEME 1 Main and Transfer Bus Scheme SCHEME 2 Sectionalized Double Main and Transfer Bus Scheme SCHEME 3

One and Half Breaker Bus Scheme System Security (Reliability i) Feeder fault ii) Bus fault iii) Redundancy in design Main & Transfer i) Require operation of one breaker ii) Supply would be interrupted until all the feeders are transferred to the healthy bus iii) No alternate path (Offline redundancy available)Double Main & Transfer i) Require operation of one breaker ii) Supply would be interrupted until all the feeders are transferred to the healthy bus iii) No alternate path (Offline redundancy available) One & Half Breaker i) Require operation of two breakers ii) Continuity of supply is maintained because each circuit gets fed through two paths iii) Alternate path is available(Online redundancy available) OperationalFlexibility:Simplicity of ProtectionArrangementsAbility to limitShort CircuitLevels (Ease of Sectionalizing) Switching operation totake out the breaker from the bay moreextensive

Protectionarrangementinvolves AC & DCswitching .Sectionalising of bus bars orintroduction of reactors in buseswith a view to limitshort circuit level isadoptable. Switching operation totake out the breaker from the bay moreextensive Protectionarrangementinvolves AC & DCswitching & busdifferentialprotection iscomplicated as itinvolves CTswitching.Sectionalising of bus bars orintroduction of reactors in buseswith a view to limitshort circuit level isadoptable. A breaker can betaken out of servicewithout the need for additional switching Protectionarrangement issimplified as no AC& DC switchinginvolve and Busdifferentialprotection is simple.Sectionalising of bus bars orintroduction of reactors in buseswith a view to limitshort circuit level isadoptable. Ease of extensionTotal land areaCost Switchyard shallbe suitable forfuture extensionwithout loss of feeders. Thisscheme is flexiblefor such futureadditionsThis schemeoccupy more orless the same landarea as of theother twoschemes.one breaker perfeeder is requiredSwitchyard shallbe suitable forfuture extensionwithout loss of feeders. Thisscheme is flexiblefor such futureadditionsThis schemeoccupy more orless the same landarea as of theother twoschemes.one breaker perfeeder is requiredSwitchyard shallbe suitable forfuture extensionwithout loss of feeders. Thisscheme is flexiblefor such futureadditionsThis schemeoccupy more orless the same landarea as of theother twoschemes.Three breaker per2 feeder isrequired

Switchyard layout Objective : Substation layout consists essentially inarranging a number of switchgear componentsin an orderly pattern governed by theirfunction and rules of spatial separation asdescribed in electrical single line diagram. Pre-requisites :1) single line diagram2) general layout plan of power plant3) orientation of line evacuation4) control room building LAYOUT CONTD Options / Alternatives The layout will vary for thefollowing: 1) Switching schemes 2)

Type of insulation - AirInsulated/Gas Insulated. LAYOUT CONTD Design Philosophy / Practice 1) Space around the switchyard 2) Switchyard location 3) Switchyard fencing .4) Clearance . i) phase to earth clearanceii) phase to phase clearanceiii) section clearanceiv) ground clearance

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