You are on page 1of 16

BI 7: NH LNG NVCAIN BNG PHNG PHP CHIT O QUANG. Mc tiu 1.Trnh by c nguyn tc ca phng php chit cp ion. 2.

.Thc hin ng tc chit gia nc vi mt ung mi hu c khng trn ln vi nc. 3. nh lng c mt cht bng phng php o chit quang.

Cch tin hnh nh lng nvcain bng phng php chit o quang: Nguyn tc Nvocain l mt base tng hp,c kh nng to cp ion mu vi mt s cht acid. Trong mi trng dung dch m acetat (pH=4-5) nvcain dng cation v acid mu nh heliantin di dng anion to thnh cp ion c mu chit c vo clorofoc. Tin hnh
Cho vo 5 bnh gn cc cht theo bng sau:

m acetat(ml) Heliantin 0,1%(ml) Nvcain chun 1mg/ml(ml) Dung dch Nvcain nh lng pha long(ml) Nc ct

S0 3 2 0 0 5

S1 3 2 0,5 0 4,5

S2 3 2 0,5 0 4,5

X1 3 2 0 0,5 4,5

X2 3 2 0 0,5 4,5

Chit cc bnh vi clorofoc bng cch lc nh 10 pht(lm 3 ln vi mi ln 3ml clorofoc). Gp dch chit ca 3 ln chit vo bnh nh mc 10ml, thm colorofoc vo cho n vch, lc u,

Lc qua giy lc kh

o mt quang D cc dch lc trong ng nghim bc sng 420nm vi dung dch so snh la dung dch chit t bnh S0.

Kt qu: +Mt quang D o c ca cc dung dch: S1. S2. D= 0.1761 0.1750 Tnh kt qu theo phng php so snh: Cx = Cch . Vi: CX: nng dung dch Novocain phi nh lng. Cch: nng dung dch Novocain chun. Dx: mt trung bnh ca X1 v X2. Ds: mt trung bnh ca S1 v S2. T bng trn ta tnh c: Dx= 0.1559. Ds= 0.17555. Cch= 1(mg/ml). CX= 0.8881 (mg/ml).
Dx Dy

X1. 0.1593

X2. 0.1525

TR LI CU HI LNG GI. Cu 4.1. Nguyn tc ca phng php chit cp ion: Khi cho mt ion tc dng vi mt ion tri du s c th hnh thnh mt cp ion ging nh mt phn t trung ha in v c th chit c bng mt dung mi hu c t gy phn ly:

A- + B+ A-B+. (cp ion). iu kin c th chit cp ion c l t nht mt trong hai ion to cp phi c khi lng ln v k nc. Mt khc khi chit phi c gng duy tr pH ca tng nc sao cho ngn cn cc ion to cp chuyn sang dng phn t (bi v nu mt trong hai ion chuyn sang dng phn t th khng cn s to cp ion na). i khi c th lm tng hiu sut chit cp ion bng cch thm cc cht in ly (cht gy mui kt) vo dung dch nc. S lm gim kh nng ha tan ca nc, gim hng s in mi ca pha nc, lm cho s to cp ion c d dng hn. Trong phn tch, ng dng vic chit cp ion c th nh lng c nhiu cht bng cch cho ion cn nh lng to cp vi mt ion tri du c mu, ri chit vo dung mi hu c v em so mu hoc o quang. t kt qu tt cn chn

cht mu khng tan vo dung mi chit, dng tha cht mu v chn pH thch hp. Cu 4.2. Nguyn tc ca phng php nh lng Nvcain bng phng php chit o quang: Nvcain mt baz tng hp, c kh nng to cp ion mu vi mt s cht acid (th d mu azoin nh heliantin, tropeolin OO). Trong mi trng dung dch m acetat (c pH = 4-5) nvcain di dng cation (B+) v acid mu nh heliantin di dng anion (A-) to thnh cp ion B+A- c mu chit c vo clorofoc:

B+ : dng cation ca ancaloit, base tng hp. : dng anion ca mu acid. B+A- : c mu, chit vo clorofoc. nh lng, ly lp clorofoc em o mt quang bc sng 420 nm.

Cu 4.3. METYL DA CAM:

(A. methyl orange; cg. natri p - imetyl - aminoazobenzen sunfonat,

heliantin), (CH3)2N C6H4 N = N C6H4COOH (B. Bt mu vng da cam. Tan trong nc; khng tan trong etanol. Dung dch trong nc dng lm ch th chun axit - baz; c mu hng trong mi trng axit, vng da cam trong mi trng kim; khong pH chuyn mu: 3,1 - 4,4. Khi lng mol M=327

Metyn da cam Novocain: procain hydroclorid .HCl.

Cng thcC13H20O2N2.HCL. M=278,80 Vy, ion c khi lng ln hn l ion ca heliantin nn n cng k nc hn. Cu 4.4. Nvoocain l mt base tng hp,c kh nng to cp ion mu vi mt s cht acid. Trong mi trng dung dch m acetat (pH=4-5) nvcain dng cation v acid mu nh heliantin di dng anion to thnh cp ion

c mu chit c vo clorofoc. Khng th chit cp ion gia nvoocain v heliantin pH<3 v pH>5 v pH th cp ion chuyn sang dng phn t. 4.5 Thit lp cng thc tnh kt ca php nh lng: nh lut hp th nh sng (nh lut lamber-beer):

I 0

I C l

chiu bc x c bc sng qua dung dch cht mu c nng C ng trong cuvet mu chiu di l, cng nh sng I0, sau khi i quua dung dch l I<I0 T nh lut hp th nh sng ta c: A=LC Trong , A l mt quang ca dung dch l h s hp th C nng ca dung dch Ta c: Ban u ta c: Sau khi chit

C1 C2 C1 C2 C1, C2 l nng ca cht tan trong nc C1, C2 l nng ca cht tan trong dung mi Theo nh lut phn b, kh nng phn b ca ca cht X vo 2 dung mi khng trn ln vo nhau(dung mi nc v dung mi hu c): D= [X]hc/[X]n D l hng s phn b [X]hc , [X]n l nng ca X trong dung mi hu c v nc Gi s ta c: a0 l s milimol ca X trong Vn (ml) nc.Chit dung dch ny bng Vs (ml) dung mi. Khi cn bng trong pha nc cn li a1 milimol v c a0-a1 milimol chuyn vo dung mi, nn: [X]hc=a1/Vn [X]n=(a0-a1)/Vs
(a 0 a1).Vn r a1=( ).a0 a1.Vs D+r Vn Trong : r= Vs

Suy ra: D=

Nu chit ln th 2 vi th tch Vs nh ln u th lng cht cn li trong pha nc l: a2=(


r r ).a1=( )2.a0 D+r D+r

lp lun tng t ln chit th n, ta c:


r )n.a0 D+r a 0 an D+r n a0 =1-( ) =A =1/A (A l i lng dc a0 r a 0 an a 0.Vs C1 a0 1 1 m: = (a0 an).Vn = . = C '1 a 0 an r A.r

an=(

tng t ta c: suy ra:

C2 1 = C '2 A.r

C1 C 2 C '1 C1 = =const = C '1 C '2 C '2 C 2 Dc'1 C '1 C '1 C1 theo lamber-beer th: = = = Dc'2 C '2 C '2 C 2

C1, C2 tng ng vi Cch ,Cx trong bi C1, C2 tng ng vi Cch ,Cx chit sau n ln Suy ra cng thc phi chng minh Cx = Cch .
Dx Dy

MT S LU KHI TIN HNH TH NGHIM. Ti sao phi lm mu trng? C th dng nc lm mi trng khng? V hn ch s nh hng ca cc ion l c trong dung dch.

Ti sao li cho vo dung dch m acetat CH3COOH/CH3COONa? V khi pH qu cao hay qu thp u lm gim hiu sut to cp ion nn ta dng dung dch m gi cho pH n nh v khng i trong sut qu trnh phn ng (trong khong 4,5 5).

Khi tin hnh o mt quang trn my, do nng chnh lch nhiu nn cn phi trng k cuvet nng dung dch trc khng nh hng n nng dung dch sau. Khi o, nn o t nng thp n nng cao. Cho vo khong 2/3 cuvet, v tia sng s i vo khong gia ca cuvet, khng c cho thp hn gia cuvet, v nh vy nh sng s khng th qua c dung dch. Trong ha hc phn tch, cc phng php tch v lm giu lng vt cc nguyn t c ngha cc k quan trng. Bi l cc phng php phn tch hin i c b hn ch v nhy v chn lc. Khi phn tch cc kim loi, cc hp kim, cc vt liu bn dn, cc loi qung, cc loi thuc th ha hcbng cc phng php phn tch cng c, nhy v tnh chn lc b gim i do nh hng ca cc cht c thnh phn ch yu.

S kt hp phng php lm giu vi cc phng php phn tch cng c gip tng nhy ca phng php phn tch cng c ln rt nhiu, cn vic s dng s to phc cho php nng cao c tnh chn lc ca phng php. Trong bi thc hnh ny ta kt hp gia phng php o quang v chit.Vy ta tm hiu mt xu v chit. 1)nh ngha v chit? Cht A tan trong hai dung mi 1 v 2 khng trn ln vi nhau. Cht A s phn b gia hai dung mi ti khi t cn bng: A(1) A(2). Trong A(1) l A trong dung mi 1, A(2) l A trong dung mi 2. S chuyn cht tan t dung mi ny sang dung mi khc khng trn ln nhau gi l s chit. Trong thc t dung mi 1 thng l nc, cn dung mi 2 l dung mi hu c khng tan trong nc. Trong bi thc hnh, ta chn dung mi 1 l nc v dung mi 2 l Clorofoc CHCl3. C nhiu phng php chit lng_lng: +Chit n(chit 1 ln): hiu sut thp. +Chit lp( chit nhiu ln): tn dung mi, thi gian v cng sc.

+Chit ngc dng cho kt qu tt hn c. Trong bi thc hnh, ta tin hnh chit 3 ln. Nguyn tc: Sau khi chit mt ln trong dung dch cn li mt lng cht tan ng k th thng ngi ta thm mt lng dung mi chit mi v chit tip 1 hoc nhiu ln na. Nu chit n ln, mi ln dng VB ml dung mi ta c hiu sut chit: r= 1-1/(1+ k)n vi k= KpVB/VA. Nu hn ch lng dung mi l VB v em chia lm n ln chit th hiu sut chit s l: r= 1-1/(1+)n. trong bi thc hnh, ta dng phng php hn ch lng dung mi v chia lm 3 ln. n cng ln th hiu sut chit cng cao nhng tn thi gian v vy cn chn iu kin ti u nh dng m acetat duy tr pH n nh trong khong 4,5-5, la chn dung mi l clorofoc

You might also like