NG-TEN MIMO KCH THC NH V CCH IN CAO TRONG WLAN

MC LC

I. II. III. IV.

Gii thiu Thit k ngten Kt qu m phng Kt lun

I.

Gii thiu

Trong bi ny chng ti trnh by v loi ng-ten MIMO n cc phng c kch thc nh (15mm x30mm) m c kh nng cung cp hiu sut cch in cao. ng-ten ny c kch thc nh bng cch s dng h thng cc kt ni cm in bn trong mt b tn nhit dng un khc v kt ni in dung gia mt b tn nhit v mt b cch in. Tnh cch in cao t c bng mt chn hnh T gn lin gia hai mt ca hai b tn nhit, iu cng gp phn lm cho kch c nh s dng mt cu trc un np v kt ni in dung vi b tn nhit. Loi ng-ten ny c s dng cho cc h thng WLAN trong di t 2,4 GHz n 2.483 GHz. o b tn nhit (S21) khong -30 dB, v h s tng quan bao quanh l thp hn 0,1. Mt yu cn quan trng ca h thng MIMO l ng thi thc hin cch in tt v kch thc vn nh. Trong thc t, mt s kt ni in gia cc thnh ng-ten vn khng th trnh c mc d mi thnh phn ca ng-ten u c ci t cung cp mt ng dn tn hiu c lp bng cch gim thiu mi tng quan vi cc thnh phn ln cn khc. Thm vo , cc phn cng ca ng-ten c th c lin kt vi nhau. Mt s k thut t c cch in cao c nghin cu gim khng mong mun cc kt ni ln nhau gia cc thnh phn ng-ten bng cch ngn chn s xut hin ca sng tin t mt ng-ten khc. ci thin cch in cng cao, mt vng in t dng hnh nm, mt h thng ni t hao ht, v mt s thay i b mt ni t u c tn dng. Hn na, ng-ten tng i nh gn, chng mnh cung cp tng cng thm mt khong cch t nht 0,1 bc sng gia hai ng-ten ngc pha. Tt c cc cu trc ni trn chim phn ln hoc lm h thng thay i vi cc khe cm v khe h.V vy, cc phng php tip cn ny l khng p dng i vi mt s trng hp gii hn, m vi mt khu vc rt nh bn trong. Trong bi ny, chng ta xut mt ngten MIMO nh gn v c mt chn hnh T gp li c chn gia ng-ten n cc phng. II. Thit k ng-ten

S v kch thc ca cc m hnh xut c m t trong hnh 1. hng u bao gm hai n cc phng vi mt s php tnh gamma v mt chn hnh T gia cc b tn nhit. Mi thnh phn ng-ten c kt ni vi mt tip t bng pin ngn v c cp ngun bi mt b cm bin ng trc 50SMA.ng-ten ny c in trn cht nn FR4 vi hng s in mi khong 4.7, suy hao tip xc l 0.018, v dy 0.8 mm. Tn s hot ng ca h thng c tnh xp x theo cng thc:

Trong : fr l tn s cng hng, W v L l rng v di ca b tn nhit cun, tng ng, v vp l vn tc pha trn nn in mi. Lm l gim ca chiu di gy ra bi s in cm ln nhau do dng in vi ng xon, v Lc l tng chiu di do cc kt ni in dung gia b tn nhit v b cch in. V vy, thu nh ca ng-ten cn Lm nh v Lc ln. Mc d cu trc b tn nhit yu cu un khc thu nh kch c ng-ten, n cn thit cho cc ng xon gim thiu t cm ln nhau (Lm) v do m rng khong cc cc ng ny cc ln cng tt. Hnh 2 cho thy h s phn x u vo (S11) v b cch in port-to-port (S21) cho mt phn tch tham s ca tng chiu di mt chn hnh T. Cc tn s cng hng cho S11 v S21 chuyn sang gi tr thp hn khi di tng. K t khi b tn nhit rt gn vi b cch in, cc ti u ha ca b cch in port-to-port ( l s thay i chiu di ca b cch in) thay i tn s hot ng ca ng-ten, iu gii thch cc s thay i lin kt in dung (Lc) gia b tn nhit v b cch in.

Hnh 1: M hnh ng-ten MIMO kch thc nh Khu vc chn T l trung tm ca h thng ng-ten MIMO c th ngn chn trc tip cc kt ni gia hai thnh phn ng-ten. Khi h thng ng-ten ang hot ng, chn hnh T cn l thay th cho kt ni cc mch in, cho php cc dng chy qua cnh ca chn T thay v cc
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kt ni xut hin pha mt kia. Cc hin tng ny c minh ha trong hnh 2(b). Cc b cch in port-to-port (S21) ph thuc rt nhiu vo di ca chn T, tun theo quy lut 1/4 bc sng (/4) ca tn s cng hng. Khong cch Wg (xem hnh 1) nh hng n dng in gy ra bi cc kt ni ln nhau gia L1 (bn trong chn) v L2 (bn ngoi chn).V vy m chiu di ca chn T l di hn ng k so vi /4 ca tn s cng hng. Ta m phng h thng ng-ten bng phn mm HFSS

Hnh 2: M phng ng-ten MIMO kch thc nh vi phn mm HFSS

Hnh 3: Cc thng s S vi di b cch in khc nhau: (a) u vo h s phn x (S11) v (b) b cch in port-to-port (S21).

III.

Kt qu m phng.

kim tra nhng nh hng ca cc chn T trong b cch in, chng ta phn tch cc kha cnh sau y: phn b b mt trong b tn nhit, chn b cch in, v b mt mch, tt c c hin th trong hnh 4 (a) v 4 (b). B tn nhit 1 (bn tri) v 2 (bn phi) c thit k nh b kch thch v kt thc vi 50 , tng ng. Hnh 4 (a) cho thy hiu sut thp ca b cch in port-to-port m khn c chn T. Hnh 4 (b) m phng vi b cch in, cho thy s phn b b mt trong b tn nhit 2 gim ng k.

Hnh 4: B mt c phn phi (cng 1 c kch thch): (a) khng c b cch in v (b) c b cch in.

Nh hnh 5 ch ra rng, o cc thng s S cng cho kt qu tt vi vic m phng. Cc ng-ten c xut c h s phn x u vo (S11) thp hn -7dB t 2,4 GHz n 2,48 GHz v cch in cao (S21) vi mt gi tr ti thiu -30dB

Hnh 5: M phng v o cc thng s S

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Hnh 6 v s cc mu bc x nhit cho cc ng-ten MIMO xut trn mt phng x-z v y-z l 2,44 GHz. nh t c l -4dBi, v hiu qu l 39,08 %, mt gi tr nh xng ng vi kch thc nh ca ng-ten v lin kt ln gia cc b tn nhit v cch in.

Hnh 6: Kt qu o tn nhit ca ng-ten MIMO xut.

Khi xem xt h thng dng ng-ten v h thng MIMO, h s tng quan (ECC) l mt tham s quan trng trong h thng thng tin. Mt cng thc n gin tnh ton ECC t tham s S c nu ra. ECC ca hai ng-ten c cho bi:

Hnh 7 th hin ECC, thp hn 0,1 t o tham s S v cho cc ng dng MIMO

Hnh 7: Ch s ECC

IV.

Kt lun

Cc ng-ten MIMO xut c th gim c kch thc bng cch s dng im cm ln nhau mt ng-ten dng xon cng nh kt ni in dung gia cc thnh phn ng-ten v mt b cch in. B cch in port-to-port cng c ci thin bng cch cch ly mt khu vc chn T nm gia hai thnh phn ca ng-ten, kt qu trong S21 v h s tng quan. Kt qu m phng v o xc nhn rng cc ng-ten c xut s c ch cho vic hn ch kch thc h thng ng-ten MIMO

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